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Estructura y composición en un manglar del Pacífico Central de Costa Rica: población de moluscos de interés comercial
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Carvajal-Oses, Milagro

; Pérez-Molina, Junior Pastor

; Herrera-Ulloa, Ángel

; Moreira-Segura, Christian

Uniciencia

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Dic 2024, Volumen 38 Nº 1 Paginas 98 - 116

Resumen: Es Pt En | Texto: Es Pt En | PDF: Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumen (Objetivo). Se evaluó el manglar de Chacarita en el Pacífico Central de Costa Rica, a través de la composición florística y las poblaciones de moluscos asociados de interés comercial, con el fin de proponer actividades de aprovechamiento sustentables en el manglar. (Metodología). Mensualmente y durante un año, se realizaron visitas al área de estudio, con el propósito de establecer una base florística de árboles de mangle y medir el almacenamiento de carbono en el lugar, además, de recolectar moluscos bivalvos para analizar el estado de las poblaciones, con base en las abundancias de organismos hallados y otras características como las longitudes y la masa de estos. En los mangles, se obtuvo el diámetro de la altura de pecho (DAP en cm), la altura (m), el índice de valor de importancia (IVI) y las reservas de carbono (Mg C·ha-1). En cuanto a los moluscos, se examinaron cuatro especies de interés comercial, evaluando la longitud (cm), la masa (g) y el índice gonadosomático. Finalmente, se realizaron valoraciones económicas de los datos obtenidos en el manglar, del turismo e información histórica de pesca para el acopio de Chacarita. (Resultados). Se hallaron cinco especies de mangles, Rhizophora mangle, Rizophora racemosa, Laguncularia racemosa, Avicennia germinans y Pelliciera rhizophorae; P. rhizophorae fue la de mayor índice de valor de importancia. Se obtuvo un almacenamiento de carbono equivalente a 78.49 Mg C·ha-1. Se contabilizaron 357 organismos, de los cuales el 18 % correspondió a Anadara similis, 37.5 % a Anadara tuberculosa, 41.46 % a Leukoma spp. y 3.08 % a Mytella guyanensis. Tomando en cuenta el valor económico de las reservas de carbono y los moluscos bivalvos presentes en los muestreos, se obtuvieron valoraciones económicas de 9812.63 USD·ha-1 y 28 USD·ha-1, respectivamente. (Conclusiones). Las bajas densidades poblacionales de moluscos, especialmente del género Anadara, hacen necesario establecer medidas de gestión que permitan recuperar las poblaciones de estos. La presente investigación propone actividades de aprovechamiento sustentables, como turismo comunitario con fines educativos y culturales.

Resumo (Objetivo). O mangue de Chacarita, no Pacífico Central da Costa Rica, foi avaliado por meio da composição florística e das populações de moluscos associados de interesse comercial, com o objetivo de propor atividades de uso sustentável no mangue. (Metodologia). Foram feitas visitas mensais à área de estudo durante um ano para estabelecer uma base florística de árvores do mangue e medir o armazenamento de carbono no local, bem como para coletar moluscos bivalves para analisar o status das populações, com base na abundância de organismos encontrados e em outras características, como comprimento e massa de tais organismos. Nos manguezais, foram obtidos o diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP em cm), a altura (m), o índice de valor de importância (IVI) e as reservas de carbono (Mg C-ha-1). No que diz respeito aos moluscos, foram examinadas quatro espécies de interesse comercial., avaliando o comprimento (cm), a massa (g) e o índice gonadossomático. Por fim, foram feitas avaliações econômicas de dados de mangue, turismo e informações históricas de pesca para a coleção Chacarita. (Resultados). Foram encontradas cinco espécies de mangue, Rhizophora mangle, Rizophora racemosa, Laguncularia racemosa, Avicennia germinans e Pelliciera rhizophorae; a P. rhizophorae apresentou o índice de valor de importância mais alto. Foi obtido um armazenamento de carbono equivalente a 78.49 Mg C-ha-1. Foram calculados um total de 357 organismos, dos quais 18% correspondeu a Anadara similis, 37.5% Anadara tuberculosa, 41.46% Leukoma spp. e 3.08% Mytella guyanensis. Levando em conta o valor econômico das reservas de carbono e dos moluscos bivalves presentes nas amostras, foram obtidas avaliações econômicas de US$ 9812.63 ha-1 e US$ 28 ha-1, respectivamente. (Conclusões). As baixas densidades populacionais de moluscos, especialmente do gênero Anadara tornam necessário o estabelecimento de medidas de manejo para permitir a recuperação dessas populações. Esta pesquisa propõe atividades de uso sustentável, como o turismo comunitário para fins educacionais e culturais.

Abstract (Objective). The floristic composition and populations of associated molluscs of commercial interest of the Chacarita mangrove forest on the Central Pacific of Costa Rica were evaluated to guide proposals for sustainable exploitation activities in the mangrove forest. (Methodology). Monthly visits to the study area were conducted for one year to establish a floristic baseline of mangrove trees and measure carbon storage. Additionally, bivalve molluscs were collected to analyze the state of their populations based on the abundances of organisms found, as well as other characteristics such as length and mass. Data regarding the mangrove trees included their diameter at breast height (DBH, cm), height (m), importance value index (IVI), and carbon reserves (Mg C·ha-1). Four mollusc species of commercial interest were analyzed, using data on their length (cm), weight (g), and gonodosomatic index. Economic evaluations were also conducted using data obtained from the mangrove forest, as well as tourism and historical fishing data for the collection of Chacarita. (Results). Five species of mangroves were identified: Rhizophora mangle, Rizophora racemosa, Laguncularia racemosa, Avice germinans, and Pelliciera rhizophorae, while P. rhizophorae had the highest importance value index. The study revealed a carbon storage equivalent to 78.49 Mg C·ha-1. A total of 357 organisms were counted, with Anadara similis accounting for 18% of the total count, followed by Anadara tuberculosa (37.5%), Leukoma spp. (41.46%), and Mytella guyanensis (3.08%). When considering the economic value of carbon stocks and the bivalve molluscs obtained from the samples, economic valuations of 9,812.63 USD·ha-1 and 28 USD·ha-1 were determined, respectively. (Conclusions). The low population densities of molluscs, particularly those belonging to the Anadara genus, necessitate the establishment of management measures to facilitate the recovery of these mollusk populations. This research proposes sustainable use activities such as community tourism for educational and cultural purposes.

https://doi.org/10.15359/ru.38-1.6

Harmful algae in the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex, Brazil: a spatio-temporal assessment Complex Brazil spatiotemporal spatio temporal
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Mafra Jr., Luiz Laureno

; Escobar, Bruno Pimenta

; Fernanda Sobrinho, Bruna

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2024, Volumen 72 Supl. 1 elocation e24008

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Harmful algal blooms (HABs) can negatively affect coastal water quality, aquatic fauna, and human health from the consumption of toxin-contaminated seafood. Estuaries are especially prone to the incidence of these noxious events and sensitive to the associated damage. This study represents a comprehensive overview of previous investigations reporting the occurrence of harmful algae and/or phycotoxins in the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (CEP), in Southern Brazil. Secondary data from 2002 to 2021 were combined with new results obtained from widely spaced sampling campaigns performed from 2018 to 2019 to assess the periods and estuarine sectors at greater risk for the incidence of HABs. In total, about 600 water/sediment samples containing harmful microalgae and 675 tissue samples of phycotoxin-contaminated fauna were analyzed. The most frequent and abundant species of potentially toxic microalgae were dinoflagellates belonging to the species complexes Dinophysis acuminata and Prorocentrum lima, producers of diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs), and diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia, producers of amnesic shellfish toxins (ASTs). Okadaic acid, a DST, was by far the most common toxin in the fauna, reaching higher levels in primary consumers such as bivalve mollusks (mussels, oysters, and clams), zooplankton, and suspension-feeding crustaceans (ghost shrimps), and moderate to low levels in cephalopods, fishes, gastropods, echinoderms, sea turtles, seabirds, and cetaceans. Less rainy periods (winter-early spring) were associated with the highest incidence of DSTs and blooms of their producing algae P. lima and Dinophysis spp., mainly in the middle region of Paranaguá Bay and on the shallow continental platform adjacent to the estuarine mouth. However, certain HAB-forming species may be more successful in inner estuarine areas ( Prorocentrum cordatum) and during different periods, such as late summer—early fall ( Pseudo-nitzschia spp.). Continuous monitoring of harmful algae and toxins is therefore highly recommended to mitigate the effects of HABs in the entire estuary. (HABs quality toxincontaminated contaminated seafood damage andor or CEP, CEP , (CEP) Brazil 200 202 201 total 60 watersediment sediment 67 phycotoxincontaminated phycotoxin analyzed DSTs, (DSTs) Pseudonitzschia, Pseudonitzschia Pseudo nitzschia, nitzschia ASTs. ASTs . (ASTs) acid DST mussels, mussels (mussels oysters clams, clams clams) zooplankton suspensionfeeding suspension feeding ghost shrimps, shrimps shrimps) cephalopods fishes gastropods echinoderms turtles seabirds cetaceans winterearly winter early spring P spp spp. mouth However HABforming HAB forming cordatum summerearly summer spp.. spp.) estuary (CEP 20 6 (DSTs (ASTs 2

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824072.23103

Water temperature modulation to prevent the South American rock mussel (Perna perna) from spawning during depuration Perna perna
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Suplicy, Felipe Matarazzo

; Souza, Robson V. de

; Tribuzi, Giustino

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2024, Volumen 72 elocation e24021

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Sewage pollution is an increasing problem for Perna perna mussel farmers in Brazil, and there is an urgent need to adopt post-harvest treatments, such as depuration, to reduce the associated microbiological risks. However, depuration of this species has been discouraged by experiences showing that the animals usually spawn during this procedure, bringing difficulties for water treatment and making them lighter, weakened, and undesirable to be traded as a live product. This study aimed at developing a protocol to prevent mussels from spawning by modulating the water temperature during depuration. For one year (from 2021-07-07 to 2022-06-29), market-size mussels harvested from the Brazilian southern coast were divided into groups of five and immersed during 50 hours in sets of experimental units (15 L acrylic aquariums) that emulated depuration tanks with different water temperatures (ranging from 8°C to 31°C). During this period, the experimental units were inspected nine times to check for spawning/spawned mussels. Analysis of the overall results showed that 21 (95.5%) out of the 22 assays resulted in mussels spawning and that this behavior was mostly recorded (80.3%) within the first 5:30 hours of the assays. The models developed (binary logistic regression) indicate that conditioning the depuration water to temperatures 5°C lower than those registered at the harvest site holds the potential to reduce the chances of spawning by more than 50%, and these chances drop to 8.2% when this difference reaches 10°C. Further studies are needed to show how reducing water temperature during depuration influences its efficiency in terms of pathogen reduction, aiming to define the best protocol to optimize microbial removal and minimize spawning. Brazil postharvest post treatments risks However procedure lighter weakened product 20210707 2021 07 2021-07-0 20220629, 20220629 2022 06 29 , 2022-06-29) marketsize market size 5 15 (1 aquariums ranging 8C C 8 31°C. 31C 31°C . 31 31°C) period spawningspawned spawned 2 95.5% 955 95 (95.5% 80.3% 803 80 3 (80.3% 530 30 5:3 binary regression 5C 50% 82 8.2 10C 10 10°C reduction 2021070 202 0 2021-07- 2022062 2022-06-29 1 ( 95.5 9 (95.5 80.3 (80.3 53 5: 8. 202107 20 2021-07 202206 2022-06-2 95. (95. 80. (80. 20210 2021-0 20220 2022-06- (95 (80 2021- 2022-06 (9 (8 2022-0 2022-

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824072.23032

Tetrapod biodiversity in sambaquis from southern Brazil
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MENDES, AUGUSTO B.

; RODRIGUES, TAISSA

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2024, Volumen 96 Nº 2 elocation e20230901

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Fishermen-hunter-gatherers of sambaquis (Brazilian shell mounds) had an intimate affinity with marine-coastal environments, where they exploited a great variety of fish and mollusks that comprise the best documented fauna from sambaquis. However, other groups of animals as mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians are also present in these sites, but are relatively less studied. This paper is the first one focused exclusively on the Tetrapoda biodiversity of sambaquis and aimed to identify tetrapods of ten sites from southern Brazil. We present a faunal inventory and data regarding animal capture and environmental exploitation. We identified the specimens anatomically and taxonomically, analyzed them concerning fragmentation, and quantified the data for the number of identified specimens (NISP) and minimum number of individuals (MNI). Despite the high degree of fragmentation of remains, we identified 46 taxa. As expected, most were from marine animals: cetaceans (total NISP = 2,568 and MNI = 27), otariids (total NISP = 248 and MNI = 32), and seabirds (total NISP = 65 and MNI = 23), indicating great relevance of marine tetrapod fauna as a resource for sambaqui builders (79.39% of NISP). We thus document the close bond between fishermen-hunter-gatherers of sambaquis and the marine tetrapods in southern Brazil. Fishermenhuntergatherers Fishermen hunter gatherers Brazilian mounds marinecoastal coastal environments However mammals birds reptiles studied Brazil exploitation taxonomically (NISP MNI. . (MNI) remains 4 taxa expected total 2568 2 568 2,56 27, 27 , 27) 24 32, 32 32) 6 23, 23 23) 79.39% 7939 79 39 (79.39 NISP. NISP) fishermenhuntergatherers fishermen (MNI 256 56 2,5 3 79.39 793 7 (79.3 25 5 2, 79.3 (79. 79. (79 (7 (

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202420230901

Assessment of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatories in River Waters of Northeastern of Brazil: Occurrence and Environmental Risk NonSteroidal Non Steroidal AntiInflammatories Anti Inflammatories Brazil
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Fonseca, Naldirene N.

; Sousa, Érika M. L.

; Pinheiro, Jeiza F.

; Silva, Lanna K.

; Nascimento, Hélio O.

; Nascimento, Ronaldo F.

; Silva, Gilmar S.

; Rangel, José H. G.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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2024, Volumen 35 Nº 3 elocation e-20230136

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The environmental impact of pharmaceuticals is a significant concern, as understanding their presence, spread, and harm in coastal regions remains limited. The occurrence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), namely, mefenamic acid (MFN), diclofenac (DCF) and naproxen (NPX) were studied in river waters. Four sample collections were carried out in five points in the dry and rainy seasons. Solidified floating organic drop microextraction (SFODME) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography using diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) were applied to quantify the presence of MFN, DCF and NPX in river water samples. DCF had the highest concentration (640 ng L-1), followed by NPX (410 ng L-1). MFN was not detected in any point within the used working range (limit of detection (LOD) of 0.07 µg L-1). Additionally, an assessment was conducted to evaluate the environmental risk associated with the pharmaceuticals detected in freshwater, specifically in various organisms including algae, mollusks, amphibians, fish, and cnidarians, spanning different trophic levels. The ecotoxicological assessment showed risks ranging from low to high, indicating deleterious effects on several exposed species. No high environmental risk was detected in the sampling areas. Although no immediate negative effects were detected, the potential impact on non-target species should not be disregarded. concern spread limited nonsteroidal non steroidal antiinflammatory anti inflammatory NSAIDs, NSAIDs , (NSAIDs) namely (MFN) (DCF (NPX waters seasons SFODME (SFODME HPLCDAD HPLC DAD (HPLC-DAD samples 640 (64 L1, L1 L 1 L-1) 410 (41 L1. . limit LOD (LOD 007 0 07 0.0 Additionally freshwater algae mollusks amphibians fish cnidarians levels areas nontarget target disregarded (NSAIDs (MFN 64 (6 L-1 41 (4 00 0. 6 ( L- 4

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230136

Expansion of Sinotaia quadrata (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Architaenioglossa: Viviparidae) in two major rivers from Argentina Mollusca (Mollusca Gastropoda Architaenioglossa Viviparidae
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GREGORIC, DIEGO E. GUTIÉRREZ

; LUCÍA, MICAELA DE

; TORRES, SANTIAGO H.

; COPA, JORGE L. E.

; SÁNCHEZ, NOELIA C.

; DARRIGRAN, GUSTAVO

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2024, Volumen 96 Nº 2 elocation e20231280

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Invasive non-native freshwater mollusks are a growing concern in South America, with 16 species already recorded in the region. Among them, Sinotaia quadrata has only been documented in Argentina, for the first time in the Punilla Valley, Córdoba (2009) and La Plata, Buenos Aires (since 2015). In this study, we report the presence of S. quadrata in two additional areas, the Río de la Plata River and a stream (unnamed) in the Paraná River basin, two of the most significant rivers in South America, located in the provinces of Buenos Aires and Entre Ríos, respectively. These new records confirm the invasive nature of this species, which has also been identified in Europe, the United States, and Africa in recent years. The findings of this study highlight the need for continued monitoring and management of invasive species in South America’s freshwater ecosystems. nonnative non native America 1 region them Argentina Valley 2009 (2009 since 2015. 2015 . 2015) S areas unnamed (unnamed basin Ríos respectively Europe States years Americas s ecosystems 200 (200 201 20 (20 2 (2 (

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202420231280

The high biodiversity of benthic organisms in a coastal ecosystem revealed by an integrative approach
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Amaral, A. Cecília Z.

; Cunha, Beatriz P.

; Checon, Helio H.

; Godoy, Angélica S. de

; Silva, Camila F. da

; Corte, Guilherme N.

; Nogueira, João M. de M.

; Fukuda, Marcelo V.

; Steiner, Tatiana M.

; Kawauchi, Gisele Y.

; Turra, Alexander

; Denadai, Márcia R.

; Ferreira, Luciane

; Mendonça, Joel B. de

; Tavares, Marcos

; Leite, Fosca P. P.

; Costa, Mariana F. B.

; Siqueira, Silvana G. L.

; Vieira, Leandro M.

; Dias, Gustavo M.

; Teixeira, Joyce A.

; Rocha, Rosana M.

; Gusmão, Luciana C.

; Borges, Michela

; Alitto, Renata

; Machado, Fabrizio M.

; Passos, Flávio D.

; Cunha, Carlo M.

; Simone, Luiz R.L.

; Araujo, Ana Paula G.

; Carbayo, Fernando

; Bahia, Juliana

; Bulnes, Verónica N.

; Castello-Branco, Cristiana

; Hajdu, Eduardo

; Vilas-Boas, Ana Carolina

; Garraffoni, André R. S.

; Schockaert, Ernest

; Fonseca, Gustavo

; Domenico, Maikon Di

; Curini-Galletti, Marco

; Sørensen, Martin V.

; Hochberg, Rick

; Oliveira, Ana Julia F. C. de

; Zampieri, Bruna Del B.

; Chinelatto, Roberta M.

; Migotto, Alvaro E.

Biota Neotropica

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2024, Volumen 24 Nº 2 elocation e20231583

Resumen: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Increasing habitat modification and species loss demand consistent efforts to describe and understand biodiversity patterns. The BIOTA/FAPESP Program was created in this context and it has been a successful initiative to promote studies on biodiversity and conservation in Brazil. The BIOTA/Araçá is an interdisciplinary project that provided a detailed evaluation of the biodiversity of Araçá Bay, a coastal seascape located on the North coast of the state of São Paulo, Southeast Brazil. The bay encompasses multiple habitats, such as beaches, mangroves, rocky shores, and a tidal flat, and provides important ecosystem services. Unfortunately, the bay is the subject of complex social-environmental conflicts that oppose economic, social, and environmental demands (i.e., the expansion of neighboring harbor activities vs. small-scale artisanal fisheries and protection of biodiversity). The present study presents a survey of the benthic species occurring in the different habitats of Araçá Bay, including data obtained during the BIOTA/Araçá project and previous assessments of the area. The benthic species play an important role in marine environments and studying the diversity of these organisms that live associated with the bottom is indispensable for comprehending the environment’s functioning. The macrofauna, meiofauna, and microorganisms associated with soft and hard bottom were listed, and additional information, such as the habitat and geographical distribution, were provided for each species. The checklist includes 826 species, almost 70% recorded during the BIOTA/Araçá project. The most speciose taxa were the annelids (225 spp.), mollusks (194 spp.), and crustaceans (177 spp.). Seven benthic species are endemic to Araçá Bay, 14 are considered threatened, and seven are economically exploited. Furthermore, the bay is the type locality of many taxa, and 11 new benthic species were described based on specimens sampled during the project. This project shows the importance of Araçá Bay as a unique biologically rich environment and highlights the need for conservation efforts in light of the current threats. patterns BIOTAFAPESP BIOTA FAPESP Brazil BIOTAAraçá Paulo beaches mangroves shores flat services Unfortunately socialenvironmental social economic i.e., ie i e (i.e. vs smallscale small scale biodiversity. . biodiversity) area s functioning macrofauna meiofauna listed information distribution 82 70 225 (22 spp., spp spp. , spp.) 194 (19 177 (17 spp.. 1 threatened exploited Furthermore threats i.e. (i.e 8 7 22 (2 19 (1 17 i.e 2 (

Resumo O aumento da modificação dos habitats e da perda de espécies demanda esforços consistentes para descrever e compreender os padrões de biodiversidade. O programa BIOTA/FAPESP foi criado nesse contexto e é uma iniciativa de sucesso para promover estudos em biodiversidade e conservação no Brasil. O BIOTA/Araçá é um projeto interdisciplinar que promoveu uma avaliação detalhada da biodiversidade da Baía do Araçá, um ecossistema costeiro localizado ao Norte do estado de São Paulo, Sudeste do Brasil. A baía engloba múltiplos habitats, tais como praias, manguezais, costões rochosos, e uma planície de maré, e também fornece importantes serviços ecossistêmicos. Infelizmente, a baía está sujeita à conflitos sócio-ambientais complexos que contrastam demandas econômicas, sociais e ambientais (i.e. a expansão das atividades do porto vizinho vs. a pesca artesanal de pequena escala e a proteção da biodiversidade). O presente estudo apresenta um levantamento das espécies bentônicas que ocorrem nos diferentes habitats da Baía do Araçá, incluindo dados obtidos durante o projeto BIOTA/Araçá e de investigações realizadas anteriormente na área. As espécies bentônicas desempenham um papel importante no ambiente marinho, e estudar a diversidade desses organismos que vivem associados ao fundo é indispensável para compreender o funcionamento do meio ambiente. A macrofauna, meiofauna, e microorganismos associados aos fundos consolidado e inconsolidado foram listados, e informações adicionais foram fornecidas para cada espécie, tais como a distribuição geográfica e nos habitats. O checklist inclui 826 espécies, quase 70% registradas durante o projeto BIOTA/Araçá. Os taxa mais especiosos foram os anelídeos (225 spp.), moluscos (194 spp.), e crustáceos (177 spp.). Entre as espécies bentônicas listadas, sete são endêmicas da Baía do Araçá, 14 são consideradas ameaçadas de extinção, e sete são exploradas economicamente. A baía é a localidade tipo de vários taxa, e 11 novas espécies bentônicas foram descritas com base em espécimes amostrados durante o projeto. Este projeto mostra a importância da Baía do Araçá como um ambiente de riqueza biológica única e demonstra a necessidade de esforços para a sua conservação considerando as atuais ameaças. BIOTAFAPESP BIOTA FAPESP Brasil BIOTAAraçá Paulo praias manguezais rochosos maré ecossistêmicos Infelizmente sócioambientais sócio econômicas i.e. ie i (i.e vs . biodiversidade) área marinho macrofauna meiofauna listados espécie 82 70 225 (22 spp., spp spp. , spp.) 194 (19 177 (17 spp.. listadas 1 extinção economicamente ameaças i.e 8 7 22 (2 19 (1 17 2 (

https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2023-1583

Assessing the occurrence of alien species on Brazilian freshwater ecosystems: insights from a comprehensive survey ecosystems
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Latini, Anderson Oliveira

; Resende, Daniela Chaves

; Silva, Daniel Paiva

; Lima-Junior, Dilermando Pereira

Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia

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2024, Volumen 36 elocation e19

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo: Objetivo Inventariar os danos causados aos ambientes naturais ou à biodiversidade nativa por por espécies exóticas é desafiador. Nós testamos se o número de detecções de espécies exóticas é afetado pelo número total de espécies exóticas ou pela riqueza de exóticas invasoras, com o intuito de predizer que grupos de espécies são mais prováveis futuros invasores. Métodos Nós apresentamos informações obtidas de um senso nacional conduzido sobre organismos exóticos anelídeos, anfíbios, cnidários, crustáceos, macrófitas aquáticas, microrganismos, moluscos, nematelmintos, peixes, platelmintos e répteis para todas as bacias hidrográficas do país. Utilizamos o número de detecções como variável dependente da riqueza de espécies exóticas, por grupo taxonômico e da riqueza de espécies exóticas invasoras. Resultados Nós obtivemos 1.896 detecções de diferentes 183 espécies aquáticas. Peixes e moluscos foram os invasores comuns já que suas detecções são mais frequentes do que o esperado ao acaso, considerando todas as espécies ocorrendo nos ecossistemas de água doce do país. Nós também encontramos relações positivas e robustas entre as detecções por grupo taxonômico e a riqueza em espécies por grupo. Conclusões Os resultados ilustram como o ambiente de água doce brasileiro é frágil a invasões biológicas e destacam a necessidade de ações efetivas direcionadas à questão. A incerteza científica a respeito do status de espécies exóticas e seu podencial invasor é grande, o que leva à necessidade de precaução a respeito destas espécies. Apesar do cenário atual, novas políticas abrem opotunidades para que parques aquáticos com organismos exóticos se dispersem mais no Brasil o que deve aumentar ainda mais a pressão sobre ecossistemas naturais e espécies nativas, reforçando a necessidade já manifestada pela comunidade científica, de maior atenção ao tema. Resumo desafiador invasoras anelídeos anfíbios cnidários crustáceos aquáticas microrganismos nematelmintos peixes país 1896 1 896 1.89 18 acaso questão grande atual nativas tema 189 89 1.8 8 1.

Abstract: Aim Assessing the damage caused to natural environments and native biodiversity by alien species is challenging. We tested whether the number of detections of alien species is affected by total alien or total invader alien species richness, considering the importance of predicting which species are more probable future invaders. Methods We summarized a research information survey conducted on alien amphibians, annelids, aquatic macrophytes, cnidarians, crustaceans, fish, microorganisms, mollusks, nemathelminths, platyhelminths, and reptiles, and for Brazilian watersheds. We used linear regressions between detections and total alien species richness and between detections and invader species richness. Results We obtained 1,896 alien detections of 183 aquatic species in Brazil. Fish and mollusk species were the commonest invaders due to their detections being more frequent than expected by chance, considering all the alien species occurring in Brazilian freshwater ecosystems. We also found positive and robust linear relationships between alien species detections and alien species richness. Conclusions Our results illustrate how Brazilian freshwater systems are fragile to alien invasions and highlight the need for effective action to address this question. Scientific uncertainty in Brazil regarding the status of some alien species and their potential harm is high, highlighting the need for a cautionary overview of invaders. Despite this scenario, new policies create opportunities for aquatic parks with exotic organisms to spread further in Brazil, which, in actual Brazilian conditions, is likely to increase the pressure on natural ecosystems and native species. This reinforces the already expressed need by the scientific community for greater attention to the issue. Abstract challenging amphibians annelids macrophytes cnidarians crustaceans fish microorganisms mollusks nemathelminths platyhelminths reptiles watersheds 1896 1 896 1,89 18 chance question high scenario conditions issue 189 89 1,8 8 1,

https://doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x6423

Descriptive and spatial analysis of bycatch in tuna purse-seine fishery in the colombian Pacific Ocean, with an elasmobranch approach purseseine purse seine Ocean
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Puentes, Vladimir

; Barragán-Barrera, Dalia C.

; Amaral, Karina Bohrer Do

; Escobar, Fabian D.

; Zapata, Luis A.

; Zambrano, Emiliano

; Barreto, Carlos G.

; Tavera, José

; Polo, Carlos J.

; Altamar, Jairo

; Moreno, Angelica S.

; Benavides, Iván F.

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2024, Volumen 72 elocation e24038

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Bycatch species are as important as target species in the challenge of comprehensive fishery management. This is especially the case for vulnerable species such as elasmobranchs in offshore areas of the Colombian Pacific Ocean (CPO), for which information is scarce and long-term databases are used. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the bycatch in tuna purse-seine fishery with an elasmobranch species approach using fishery data from 2000 to 2019. A total of 59 bycatch species were identified, including 27 bony fishes, 22 elasmobranchs, two mollusks, four sea turtles, and four dolphins. The total bycatch percentage was 20.8%, with elasmobranchs accounting for less than 5%. Fish aggregating devices (FADs) and class 6 vessels recorded the highest percentage of bycatch. Bony fish bycatch was mainly obtained from the border of Ecuador until 4° N across the CPO. Elasmobranchs were captured throughout the CPO, showing differences by vessel class and fishing method. The silky shark Carcharhinus falciformis was the most caught species. Elasmobranch spatial abundance and capture hotspots showed the highest values towards the northern coast, in offshore areas of Gorgona Island, southwards in offshore areas, and around Malpelo Island. FADs captured the highest number of bycatch species compared with other fishing methods, such as Tuna Associated with Dolphins (DEL), Natural Floating Objects (NAT), and Tuna not Associated (NoAs). Management recommendations for bycatch species in this fishery are provided in the CPO. management CPO , (CPO) longterm long term used Therefore purseseine purse seine 200 2019 5 identified 2 fishes mollusks turtles dolphins 208 20 8 20.8% 5% (FADs 4 method coast Island methods DEL, DEL (DEL) NAT, NAT (NAT) NoAs. NoAs . (NoAs) (CPO 201 20.8 (DEL (NAT (NoAs 20.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824072.23015

10.

Mercury concentrations in domestic and imported canned bivalves and cephalopods sold in northwestern Mexico
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Ruelas-Inzunza, Jorge

; Delgado-Alvarez, Carolina

; Escobar-Sánchez, Ofelia

; Frías-Espericueta, Martín

Ciencias marinas

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Dic 2023, Volumen 49 elocation e3393

Resumen: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract. Mercury (Hg) is mainly incorporated into humans through the consumption of contaminated foods. Mercury was measured and the methyl-Hg (MeHg) concentration was estimated in canned mollusks sold in northwestern Mexico to assess the health risk to consumers. Five mollusk types were considered: oysters, clams, octopuses, mussels, and squids. The Hg concentration of mussels was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of the other bivalves (oysters and clams) and cephalopods (squids and octopuses). The average Hg concentration in bivalves (0.013 mg·kg-1) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that of cephalopods (0.018 mg·kg-1). The estimated MeHg concentrations were also lower in bivalves than in cephalopods. Based on our results, no health risk is associated with the consumption of canned mollusks that are sold in northwestern Mexico. The Hg and MeHg concentrations followed the order of octopuses > squids = clams > oysters > mussels. The Hg and MeHg concentrations in the mollusks evaluated in this study were below the maximum permissible limits for human consumption in Mexico.

Resumen. El mercurio (Hg) se incorpora principalmente en los seres humanos a través del consumo de alimentos contaminados. Se midió el Hg y se estimó el metilmercurio (MeHg) en moluscos enlatados que se venden en el noroeste de México para evaluar el riesgo para la salud de los consumidores. Se consideraron 5 tipos de moluscos: ostiones, almejas, pulpos, mejillones y calamares. La concentración de Hg en los mejillones fue significativamente (P < 0.05) más baja que la de los otros bivalvos (ostras y almejas) y cefalópodos (calamares y pulpos). La concentración promedio de Hg en los bivalvos (0.013 mg·kg-1) fue significativamente (P < 0.05) menor que la de los cefalópodos (0.018 mg·kg-1). Las concentraciones estimadas de MeHg también fueron menores en los bivalvos que en los cefalópodos. De acuerdo con nuestros resultados, no existe riesgo relacionado con el consumo de moluscos enlatados en el noroeste de México. La secuencia de las concentraciones de Hg fue pulpos > calamares = almejas > ostiones > mejillones. Las concentraciones de Hg y MeHg en los moluscos evaluados en este estudio estaban por debajo de los límites máximos permitidos para el consumo humano en México.

https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.y2023.3393

11.

Micromollusk families in 2 contrasting seasons in Bahia de los Angeles, Gulf of California, Mexico
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Solana-Arellano, Elena

; Díaz-Castañeda, Victoria

; Flores-Uzeta, Olga

Ciencias marinas

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Dic 2023, Volumen 49 elocation e3365

Resumen: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract. Marine mollusks provide important ecosystem services. They create habitats for benthic organisms, filter water, biodeposit organic carbon in the seafloor, and serve as food sources for other organisms. Studies of mollusk diversity require time-consuming methods to process samples and identify species. Thus, it is not surprising that most studies have focused on macromollusks that can be collected and processed easily, ignoring micromollusk species. Without understanding the ecology and distributions of micromollusks properly, it is impossible to assess their populations and implement adequate conservation measures. Here we present microgastropods collected in Bahia de los Angeles at the family level for September 2013 (summer) and February 2014 (winter). During each season, we sampled 6 coastal sediment stations, and analyzed depth, salinity, temperature, granulometry, and organic matter. A total of 20,353 specimens were collected: 15,310 in summer and 5,043 in winter. Seven micromollusk families were identified: Barleeidae, Caecidae, Cerithiidae, Eulimidae, Pyramidellidae, Rissoidae, and Tornidae. Caecidae and Barleeidae exhibited the highest densities among all families in summer and winter, respectively (278,044 ind·m-2, 142,222 ind·m-2). The lowest densities for summer and winter were observed for the Tornidae family (~1,867 ind·m-2, ~1,411 ind·m-2). Barleeidae, Caecidae, Cerithiidae, Rissoidae, and Tornidae were classified as herbivorous and detritivorous; Eulimidae and Pyramidellidae, as carnivorous and ectoparasitic. Tornidae and Eulimidae showed symbiotic relationships with various invertebrate species. The Bayesian analysis of variance indicated a high probability of differences only in summer (BF > 3). When comparing the stations in both periods, all stations, except station 6, showed differences between periods (BF > 3). The canonical correlation analysis indicated some associations between family abundances and temperature. This study provides valuable information that expands the knowledge of micromollusk biodiversity in the coastal area of Bahia de los Angeles, an important site for conservation in Mexico.

Resumen. Los moluscos marinos brindan importantes servicios ecosistémicos debido a que generan hábitats para organismos bentónicos, filtran agua, biodepositan carbono orgánico en el fondo marino y sirven como fuente de alimento para otros organismos. Los estudios de diversidad de moluscos requieren métodos de muestreo e identificación de especies muy tardados. Por lo tanto, no sorprende que la mayoría de los estudios se centren en los macromoluscos, los cuales son fácilmente recolectados y procesados, ignorando las especies de micromoluscos cuya identificación es difícil y tardada. Si no se comprende la ecología y distribución de los micromoluscos, es imposible evaluar sus poblaciones e implementar medidas de conservación. Aquí presentamos microgasterópodos recolectados en Bahía de los Ángeles a nivel de familia en 2 muestreos, en septiembre de 2013 (verano) y en febrero de 2014 (invierno). En cada temporada, muestreamos 6 estaciones costeras y realizamos mediciones de profundidad, salinidad, temperatura, granulometría y contenido de materia orgánica. Se recolectaron 20,353 ejemplares: 15,310 en verano y 5,043 en invierno. Se identificaron 7 familias: Barleeidae, Caecidae, Cerithiidae, Eulimidae, Pyramidellidae, Rissoidae y Tornidae. Caecidae y Barleeidae presentaron la máxima densidad en verano e invierno, respectivamente (278,044 ind·m-2, 142,222 ind·m-2). Tornidae presentó las densidades más bajas para verano e invierno (~1,867 ind·m-2, ~1,411 ind·m-2). Barleeidae, Caecidae, Cerithiidae, Rissoidae y Tornidae se clasificaron como herbívoros y detritívoros; Eulimidae y Pyramidellidae, como carnívoros y ectoparásitos. Tornidae y Eulimidae muestran relaciones simbióticas con varias especies de invertebrados. El análisis bayesiano indicó una alta probabilidad de diferencias para verano (BF > 3). Al comparar la misma estación entre muestreos, solo la estación 6 mostró diferencias entre periodos (BF > 3). Este estudio brinda información valiosa que amplía el conocimiento de la biodiversidad de micromoluscos en la zona costera de Bahía de los Ángeles, un importante sitio de conservación en México.

https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.y2023.3365

12.

Contribución de los heterótrofos a la calcificación secundaria en arrecifes marginales del Pacífico mexicano
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Alvarado-Rodríguez, J. Fernando

; Nava, Héctor

; Cabral-Tena, Rafael A.

; Norzagaray-López, C. Orión

; Calderon-Aguilera, Luis E.

Hidrobiológica

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Ago 2023, Volumen 33 Nº 2 Paginas 169 - 178

Resumen: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Background. Sclerobionts (e.g., calcareous algae, bryozoans, polychaetes, mollusks, and barnacles) produce reef calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Their contribution is key to maintaining positive CaCO3 balances, especially in marginal reefs. Objective. To compare the production of CaCO3 by sclerobionts in two marginal reefs of the Mexican Pacific: Las Gatas (LG), in Zihuatanejo Guerrero Bay, and La Llave (LL), in Bahía de Los Angeles (Gulf of California). Methods. CAUs (Calcification/Accretion Units) were used to promote sclerobiont recruitment during two deployment times: 6 and 15 months. Results. The calcification rate was high at six months and then decreased due to rapid colonization and initial growth, followed by a decrease over time. Sclerobionts deposited 1.2 ± 0.4 kg CaCO3 m-2 yr-1 in LG, which represents 7% of the production of branching corals in the Mexican South Pacific (17.2 kg m-2 yr-1), while in LL, they deposited 2.1 ± 0.7 kg CaCO3 m-2 yr-1; equivalent to 20% of the production of massive corals in the area (10.1 kg m-2 yr-1). The groups that deposited most CaCO3 were mollusks and bryozoans in LG (up to 0.65 ± 0.16 kg m-2 yr-1) and barnacles in LL (up to 2.32 ± 0.35 kg m-2 yr-1). Conclusions. These results highlight the role of heterotrophs as secondary calcifiers both in LG, a site impacted by anthropogenic activity, and in LL, an area with low anthropogenic impact but high biological productivity associated with upwellings. This finding implies that the environmental conditions at the study sites limit the calcification of primary calcifiers (i.e., corals and CCA) but promote that of secondary calcifiers, with potential geomorphic repercussions.

RESUMEN Antecedentes. Los esclerobiontes (e.g., algas calcáreas, briozoos, poliquetos, moluscos, y balanos) participan en la producción de carbonato de calcio (CaCO3) arrecifal. Su contribución es vital para mantener balances de CaCO3 positivos, especialmente en arrecifes marginales. Objetivo. Comparar la producción de CaCO3 por esclerobiontes en un arrecife sujeto a estrés antropogénico - Las Gatas (LG), en la bahía de Zihuatanejo Guerrero, y otro bajo condiciones ambientales altamente fluctuantes - La Llave (LL), en Bahía de Los Ángeles (Golfo de California). Métodos. Se utilizaron CAUs (Calcification/Accretion Units) para promover el reclutamiento de esclerobiontes durante dos periodos de inmersión: 6 y 15 meses. Resultados. La tasa de calcificación fue alta a los 6 meses y luego disminuyó debido a la rápida colonización y crecimiento inicial seguido de una disminución con el tiempo. Los esclerobiontes depositaron 1.2 ± 0.4 kg CaCO3 m-2 año-1 en LG, lo que representa el 7% de la producción de corales ramificados en el Pacífico sur mexicano (17.2 kg m-2 año-1), mientras que en LL depositaron 2.1 ± 0.7 kg CaCO3 m-2 año-1, equivalente al 20% de la producción de corales masivos en la zona (10.1 kg m-2 año-1). Los grupos que más CaCO3 depositaron fueron los moluscos y los briozoos en LG (hasta 0.65 ± 0.16 kg m-2 año-1), y los balanos en LL (hasta 2.32 ± 0.35 kg m-2 año-1). Conclusiones. Estos resultados destacan el papel de los heterótrofos como calcificadores secundarios tanto en LG, un sitio impactado por actividad antropogénica, como en LL, un sitio con bajo impacto antropogénico, pero con alta productividad biológica asociada a surgencias. Este hallazgo implica que las condiciones ambientales en los sitios de estudio limitan la calcificación de los calcificadores primarios (i.e., corales y CCA) pero estimulan la de calcificadores secundarios, con potenciales repercusiones geomórficas.

https://doi.org/10.24275/uvos4166

13.

Macrobioerosión de corales constructores de arrecifes y su impacto en la dinámica de carbonatos en los arrecifes de Huatulco, México
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Medellín-Maldonado, Francisco

; Granja-Fernández, Rebeca

; González-Mendoza, Tania M.

; Garcia-Medrano, Diego

; Cabral-Tena, Rafael

; Alvarez-Filip, Lorenzo

; López-Pérez, Andrés

Hidrobiológica

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Ago 2023, Volumen 33 Nº 2 Paginas 179 - 189

Resumen: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Background. Coral reefs exist thanks to the delicate balance between calcification and erosion processes. However, due to anthropogenic pressures, bioerosive processes have become the main forcing factors in reef growth patterns. Nevertheless, due to the morphology of the reefs located in the Mexican South Pacific (extensive plates of pociloporids), estimating internal macrobioerosion is a challenge, resulting in a critical gap in bioerosion processes, particularly those occurring inside corals. Objectives. To measure the internal macrobioerosion of the main coral species and to know its impact on carbonate production in reefs. Methods. We used a computed tomography (CT) based approach to measure the volume of CaCO3 removed by different groups of macrobioeroders. Results. We estimated percentages of internal macrobioerosion between 16.80 % and 26.67 % of the total volume of the colonies. We observed that sponges and mollusks are the guilds that most bioerode species of branching and massive morphology, respectively. We found macrobioerosion rates of 1.51 ± 0.11 kg CaCO3 m-2 yr-1 for branched species and 0.53 ± 0.03 kg CaCO3 m-2 yr-1 for massive species. The measured bioerosion processes accounted for 39.02 % and 43.86 % of CaCO3 production. Conclusions. Although CT scanning represents higher costs than other approaches (i.e., X-rays), it is the only approach capable of measuring the internal macrobioerosion that occurs within the entire coral skeleton. This approach will allow us to produce more accurate carbonate balances than those that do not consider internal macrobioerosion, improving our estimates of the state of health of the reefs.

RESUMEN Antecedentes. Los arrecifes de coral subsisten gracias al delicado balance entre procesos de acreción y de erosión. No obstante, debido a presiones antropogénicas, los procesos bioerosivos se han convertido en los principales factores que condicionan los patrones de crecimiento de los arrecifes. Debido a la morfología de los arrecifes ubicados en el Pacífico sur mexicano (placas extensas de pocilopóridos), estimar la macrobioerosión interna se convierte en un reto, lo que resulta en una importante brecha sobre los procesos de bioerosión, particularmente los que ocurren al interior de los corales. Objetivo. Medir la macrobioerosión interna de las principales especies de coral y conocer el impacto que ejerce sobre la producción de carbonatos en los arrecifes. Métodos. Empleamos un enfoque basado en tomografía computarizada (TC) que permite medir el volumen de CaCO3 removido por diferentes grupos de macrobioerosionadores. Resultados. Estimamos porcentajes de macrobioerosión interna entre el 16.80 % y el 26.67 % del volumen total de las colonias de coral. Observamos que las esponjas y moluscos son los grupos que más bioerosionan las especies de coral con morfología ramificada y masiva, respectivamente. Encontramos tasas de macrobioerosión de 1.51 ± 0.11 kg CaCO3 m-2 año-1 para las especies ramificadas y de 0.53 ± 0.03 de kg CaCO3 m-2año-1 para las especies masivas. Los procesos de bioerosión representaron entre el 39.02 % y 43.86 % de la producción de CaCO3, que fue calculada mediante la metodología ReefBudget. Conclusiones. A pesar que emplear TC representa costos más elevados que otros enfoques (p. ej., rayos-X), hasta ahora es el único enfoque capaz de medir la macrobioerosión interna de todo el esqueleto de coral. Este enfoque permitirá producir balances de carbonatos más certeros que aquellos que no consideran la macrobioerosión interna, mejorando nuestras estimaciones del estado de salud en que se encuentran los arrecifes.

https://doi.org/10.24275/uacm7950

14.

Hacia un proceso de educación ambiental no formal y contextualizado en la comunidad de Chacarita, Puntarenas, Costa Rica
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Carvajal-Oses, Milagro

; Valerio-Carranza, Enyell

; Moreira-Segura, Christian

; Herrera-Ulloa, Ángel

Revista Educación

Métricas del periódico
- Sobre o periódico
- SciELO Analytics

Jun 2023, Volumen 47 Nº 1 Paginas 425 - 444

Resumen: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Las acciones en educación ambiental costeras son escasas. A nivel mundial, muchas de las comunidades aledañas a manglares viven en condiciones de pobreza y Costa Rica no es la excepción, esto debido a la mala gestión y al poco empoderamiento que las comunidades poseen hacia los recursos naturales. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo mostrar las primeras fases de la construcción de un proceso educativo no formal en materia ambiental desarrollado en la comunidad costera de Chacarita, Puntarenas, Costa Rica; a partir de un modelo educativo basado en competencias. El proyecto educativo fue contextualizado, por lo tanto se recabó información referida a este manglar, se realizaron muestreos biológicos de moluscos de interés comercial y mangles durante un año. Se realizaron avistamientos de aves, mamíferos y se recolectó información referida a la pesca en la zona. Finalmente, se aplicó una encuesta con el fin de evaluar conocimientos y disposiciones de la comunidad. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron la construcción de competencias y de materiales educativos, además, mostraron que el poblado de Chacarita tiene anuencia a recibir educación ambiental así como participar de actividades como limpiezas y reforestación.

Abstract Actions in coastal environmental education are scarce. Worldwide, numerous communities surrounding mangroves live in poverty. Costa Rica does not represent an exception to the above due to poor management and little empowerment of the communities towards natural resources. Thus, this article aims to demonstrate, from an educational model based on competencies, the first construction phases of a non-formal educational process in environmental matters developed in the coastal community of Chacarita, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. The researchers contextualized this educational project; therefore, they collected biological results of mollusks of commercial interest and mangroves for a year. Moreover, they carried out bird and mammal sightings and collected information on fishing in the area. Finally, they applied a survey to evaluate the knowledge and dispositions of the community. The results allowed the construction of educational materials and the development of skills. In addition, they showed that people from Chacarita are willing to receive environmental education as well as participate in activities such as cleaning and reforestation.

https://doi.org/10.15517/revedu.v47i1.49962

15.

Mapping of the world scientific production on bacterial and fungal microbiota in mollusks
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Marques dos Santos, Margareth

; Sousa Silva Soares, Hanna Karolina

; Marques de Sousa, Amanda

; Pinto Chaves Bezerra, Nancyleni

; Diniz Cantanhede, Selma Patricia

; Ribeiro de Souza Serra, Ilka Márcia

Latin american journal of aquatic research

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- Sobre o periódico
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May 2023, Volumen 51 Nº 2 Paginas 268 - 281

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT. This study aimed to map the world's scientific production of bacterial and fungal microbiota in mollusks. The research was carried out in the Web of Science database, using “Fungi AND Mollusk” and “Bacteria AND Mollusk” descriptors and publication time between 2001 and 2021. Indexes were built by years, countries, research areas, and two maps of the co-occurrence of terms. There was a progressive increase in the production of microbiota in mollusks, with more research on bacteria during the investigated period. China and USA were the countries with the highest percentage of publications. Research with fungi and bacteria accounted for 28.41 and 17.66% in China, respectively. While the USA, the percentage was 21.05% for fungi and 16.02% for bacteria. Areas such as marine and freshwater biology (24.77%), fisheries (23.86%), biochemistry and molecular biology (18.60%), and pharmacy (17.83%) showed a higher percentage of indexed articles. There was also a high concentration of deposits of publications in the immunology area for both themes. The groups formed for bacteria and fungi indicated that studies had described the immune responses of mollusks, the genetic aspects associated with their defense mechanisms, pathogen virulence factors, and symbiotic and pathogenic microbiota, highlighting genera Vibrio, Aspergillus, and Escherichia coli pathogenic pathotypes. The bacterial and fungal microbiota in mollusks have been studied in several areas of knowledge and have given rise to research that can support the proper management of mollusks, application in the pharmaceutical industry, and implementation of measures in public health.

https://doi.org/10.3856/vol51-issue2-fulltext-2908

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