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Resumen (Objetivo). Se evaluó el manglar de Chacarita en el Pacífico Central de Costa Rica, a través de la composición florística y las poblaciones de moluscos asociados de interés comercial, con el fin de proponer actividades de aprovechamiento sustentables en el manglar. (Metodología). Mensualmente y durante un año, se realizaron visitas al área de estudio, con el propósito de establecer una base florística de árboles de mangle y medir el almacenamiento de carbono en el lugar, además, de recolectar moluscos bivalvos para analizar el estado de las poblaciones, con base en las abundancias de organismos hallados y otras características como las longitudes y la masa de estos. En los mangles, se obtuvo el diámetro de la altura de pecho (DAP en cm), la altura (m), el índice de valor de importancia (IVI) y las reservas de carbono (Mg C·ha-1). En cuanto a los moluscos, se examinaron cuatro especies de interés comercial, evaluando la longitud (cm), la masa (g) y el índice gonadosomático. Finalmente, se realizaron valoraciones económicas de los datos obtenidos en el manglar, del turismo e información histórica de pesca para el acopio de Chacarita. (Resultados). Se hallaron cinco especies de mangles, Rhizophora mangle, Rizophora racemosa, Laguncularia racemosa, Avicennia germinans y Pelliciera rhizophorae; P. rhizophorae fue la de mayor índice de valor de importancia. Se obtuvo un almacenamiento de carbono equivalente a 78.49 Mg C·ha-1. Se contabilizaron 357 organismos, de los cuales el 18 % correspondió a Anadara similis, 37.5 % a Anadara tuberculosa, 41.46 % a Leukoma spp. y 3.08 % a Mytella guyanensis. Tomando en cuenta el valor económico de las reservas de carbono y los moluscos bivalvos presentes en los muestreos, se obtuvieron valoraciones económicas de 9812.63 USD·ha-1 y 28 USD·ha-1, respectivamente. (Conclusiones). Las bajas densidades poblacionales de moluscos, especialmente del género Anadara, hacen necesario establecer medidas de gestión que permitan recuperar las poblaciones de estos. La presente investigación propone actividades de aprovechamiento sustentables, como turismo comunitario con fines educativos y culturales.

Resumo (Objetivo). O mangue de Chacarita, no Pacífico Central da Costa Rica, foi avaliado por meio da composição florística e das populações de moluscos associados de interesse comercial, com o objetivo de propor atividades de uso sustentável no mangue. (Metodologia). Foram feitas visitas mensais à área de estudo durante um ano para estabelecer uma base florística de árvores do mangue e medir o armazenamento de carbono no local, bem como para coletar moluscos bivalves para analisar o status das populações, com base na abundância de organismos encontrados e em outras características, como comprimento e massa de tais organismos. Nos manguezais, foram obtidos o diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP em cm), a altura (m), o índice de valor de importância (IVI) e as reservas de carbono (Mg C-ha-1). No que diz respeito aos moluscos, foram examinadas quatro espécies de interesse comercial., avaliando o comprimento (cm), a massa (g) e o índice gonadossomático. Por fim, foram feitas avaliações econômicas de dados de mangue, turismo e informações históricas de pesca para a coleção Chacarita. (Resultados). Foram encontradas cinco espécies de mangue, Rhizophora mangle, Rizophora racemosa, Laguncularia racemosa, Avicennia germinans e Pelliciera rhizophorae; a P. rhizophorae apresentou o índice de valor de importância mais alto. Foi obtido um armazenamento de carbono equivalente a 78.49 Mg C-ha-1. Foram calculados um total de 357 organismos, dos quais 18% correspondeu a Anadara similis, 37.5% Anadara tuberculosa, 41.46% Leukoma spp. e 3.08% Mytella guyanensis. Levando em conta o valor econômico das reservas de carbono e dos moluscos bivalves presentes nas amostras, foram obtidas avaliações econômicas de US$ 9812.63 ha-1 e US$ 28 ha-1, respectivamente. (Conclusões). As baixas densidades populacionais de moluscos, especialmente do gênero Anadara tornam necessário o estabelecimento de medidas de manejo para permitir a recuperação dessas populações. Esta pesquisa propõe atividades de uso sustentável, como o turismo comunitário para fins educacionais e culturais.

Abstract (Objective). The floristic composition and populations of associated molluscs of commercial interest of the Chacarita mangrove forest on the Central Pacific of Costa Rica were evaluated to guide proposals for sustainable exploitation activities in the mangrove forest. (Methodology). Monthly visits to the study area were conducted for one year to establish a floristic baseline of mangrove trees and measure carbon storage. Additionally, bivalve molluscs were collected to analyze the state of their populations based on the abundances of organisms found, as well as other characteristics such as length and mass. Data regarding the mangrove trees included their diameter at breast height (DBH, cm), height (m), importance value index (IVI), and carbon reserves (Mg C·ha-1). Four mollusc species of commercial interest were analyzed, using data on their length (cm), weight (g), and gonodosomatic index. Economic evaluations were also conducted using data obtained from the mangrove forest, as well as tourism and historical fishing data for the collection of Chacarita. (Results). Five species of mangroves were identified: Rhizophora mangle, Rizophora racemosa, Laguncularia racemosa, Avice germinans, and Pelliciera rhizophorae, while P. rhizophorae had the highest importance value index. The study revealed a carbon storage equivalent to 78.49 Mg C·ha-1. A total of 357 organisms were counted, with Anadara similis accounting for 18% of the total count, followed by Anadara tuberculosa (37.5%), Leukoma spp. (41.46%), and Mytella guyanensis (3.08%). When considering the economic value of carbon stocks and the bivalve molluscs obtained from the samples, economic valuations of 9,812.63 USD·ha-1 and 28 USD·ha-1 were determined, respectively. (Conclusions). The low population densities of molluscs, particularly those belonging to the Anadara genus, necessitate the establishment of management measures to facilitate the recovery of these mollusk populations. This research proposes sustainable use activities such as community tourism for educational and cultural purposes.

https://doi.org/10.15359/ru.38-1.6

Manejo de malas hierbas en arrozales con presencia de caracol manzana en el Delta del Ebro
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Torres, Oscar

; Serrat, Xavier

; Sans, F. Xavier

; Nogués, Salvador

Revista de Ciências Agrárias

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Mar 2024, Volumen 47 Nº 1 Paginas 281 - 290

Resumen: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Weed control is one of the major challenges in rice production, being the most important agronomic constraint. The apple snail (Pomacea maculata) is the main gastropod pest in rice fields predating rice seedlings in juvenile stages. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the biological use of the apple snail to control weeds in rice. Field trials were carried out to evaluate new techniques of capture and management of the mollusc for optimal weeding of rice fields with different rice cultivation techniques, such as dry seeding, wet seeding and transplanting. Combinations of these techniques are evaluated for their effect on snail control, weed control and effects on rice production, using plots treated with the molluscicide saponin (Camelia sp. seed extract) as a control. In dry sowing, good crop development and a good contribution of apple snails were obtained both when using snail traps (77.4% weed reduction) and when not using them (96.77% reduction). In wet seeding and transplanting, a solid contribution of the apple snail was obtained in the reduction of weeds of 100%; although in transplanting it is necessary to eliminate the snail captured with traps to avoid affecting the rice. The apple snail management is an agroecological alternative for the control of weeds plants, especially in the case of rice.

Resumen El control de malas hierbas es uno de los mayores desafíos en la producción de arroz, siendo la limitación agronómica más importante. El caracol manzana (Pomacea maculata) es la principal plaga de gasterópodos en arrozales depredando las plántulas de arroz en estadios juveniles. El propósito del estudio es evaluar la utilidad del uso del caracol manzana para controlar las malas hierbas en el cultivo del arroz, para ello se realizaron ensayos en los que se evaluó nuevas técnicas de captura y gestión del molusco para el óptimo desherbado de los campos de arroz con distintas técnicas de cultivo, como son la siembra en seco, la siembra en inundación y el trasplante. Las combinaciones de dichas técnicas son evaluadas en cuanto a su efecto tanto en el control del caracol, como en el control de malas hierbas y los efectos sobre la producción del propio arroz, usando como control parcelas tratadas con extracto de saponinas de Camelia sp.. En siembra en seco se obtiene un buen desarrollo del cultivo y una buena aportación de caracol manzana tanto cuando se usan trampas para regular las poblaciones del caracol (reducción de malas hierbas del 77,4%), como cuando no (reducción de 96,77%). Mientras que, en siembra en inundación y trasplante, se obtiene un valor cercano de eliminación del 100% de las malas hierbas. El caracol manzana resulta ser una alternativa agroecológica adecuada para el control de malas hierbas, en especial en siembra en seco y trasplante.

https://doi.org/10.19084/rca.34967

Radiocarbon-dated evidence for Late Pleistocene and Holocene coastal change at Yzerfontein, Western Cape, South Africa
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Woodborne, Stephan

; Miller, Duncan

; Evans, Mary

; Cawthra, Hayley C.

; Winkler, Stephan

South African Journal of Science

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Dic 2023, Volumen 119 Nº 11-12 Paginas 1 - 8

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

We report radiocarbon dates obtained from on-shore marine and near-shore terrestrial deposits near Yzerfontein, on the West Coast of South Africa. These deposits include Late Pleistocene shell concretions from the southern end of 16 Mile Beach and a marine shell deposit inland of the coastal Rooipan (Red Pan); mid-Holocene coastal pan deposits exposed by modern storm erosion of the sandy 16 Mile Beach; and four Holocene storm beach deposits on a rocky shore to the south. We interpret the results in terms of local geomorphology constraints on sea-level fluctuations. The eastern margin of Rooipan is a >40 ka elevated beach deposit in a dune cordon that separates it from the adjacent Yzerfonteinpan. Both pans have gypsum deposits up to 2 m thick formed by repeated marine overwash. Saline pan deposits that are exposed intermittently on the beach are mid-Holocene and indicate a former westward extension of Rooipan. This is in contrast to storm beaches dating 8000-2600 cal BP at higher elevations on a rocky platform further south. This suggests that a dune barrier existed seaward of the present shoreline near Rooipan at this time. The coastal changes described here show that deposition and erosion can be affected significantly by the local palaeogeomorphology and cannot be ascribed solely to sea-level change. SIGNIFICANCE: Mollusc shells from Yzerfontein, Western Cape Province, South Africa, show radiocarbon ages ranging from >40 000 years to a few decades before present. There is evidence for elevated sea levels between 8000 and 2600 years ago, and sea levels similar to the present in the last 2000 years. Neither the elevation of the deposits nor their ages conform to published sea-level change curves for the Western Cape coast. Inundation by rising sea levels in the Holocene was not spatially uniform. Former and present geomorphology have had a significant effect on deposition and preservation of indicators of sea-level change.

https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2023/15505

Cryptosporidium sp. in cultivated oysters and the natural oyster stock of the state of Maranhão, Brazil
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Silva, Camila Moraes

; Silva, Anna Letícia Pinto

; Watanabe, Karinne Francisca Cardoso

; Porto, Raimunda Deusilene Barreira

; Bezerra, Danilo Cutrim

; Ribeiro, Larissa Sarmento dos Santos

; Coimbra, Viviane Correa Silva

; Santos, Hamilton Pereira

; Bezerra, Nancyleni Pinto Chaves

Ciência Rural

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2023, Volumen 53 Nº 1 elocation e20210014

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: Objetivou-se com o estudo detectar Cryptosporidium sp. em ostras de cultivo e estoque natural no estado do Maranhão e determinar o(s) tecido(s) eletivo(s) para pesquisa desse protozoário. Para a realização do estudo foram adquiridas 200 ostras de cultivo do município de Raposa e 100 de Paço do Lumiar, além de 100 ostras extraídas de estoque natural do município de Primeira Cruz, totalizando 400 ostras. Estas foram agrupadas em 80 pools constituídos por cinco animais. De cada pool, as brânquias e a massa visceral foram removidas totalizando 160 pools, sendo 80 para o grupo das brânquias e 80 para o grupo de massa visceral. Na sequência, procedeu-se à extração de DNA de cada pool com a utilização de kit comercial com modificações. Posteriormente, realizou-se a detecção do DNA do protozoário por meio da técnica de Nested-PCR. Com a técnica utilizada, foi detectado o DNA do protozoário pesquisado em 2,5% (n=2/80) pools apenas de brânquias, sendo 1,25% pools (n=1/80) oriundos de cultivo e os outros 1,25% (n=1/80) de estoque natural. Com os resultados obtidos nesse estudo, conclui-se que as ostras analisadas do gênero Crassostrea sp., oriundas de cultivo e estoque natural no estado do Maranhão, estavam contaminadas por Cryptosporidium sp. e podem se reverter em fontes potenciais para seres humanos e outros animais. Para a pesquisa de Cryptosporidium sp. em ostras, as brânquias são o tecido eletivo.

ABSTRACT: This study detected Cryptosporidium spp. in cultivated oysters and the natural oyster stock of the state of Maranhão and determine the elective tissue(s) to examine this protozoan. For this purpose, 200 cultivated oysters were purchased from the municipality of Raposa and another 100 from Paço do Lumiar. Additionally, 100 oysters were extracted from the natural stock of the municipality of Primeira Cruz, thus making up a total of 400 oysters. They were grouped into 80 pools consisting of 5 oysters each. From each pool, the gills and visceral mass were removed to obtain 160 pools, 80 pools for the gill group and another 80 for the visceral mass group. Then, DNA was extracted from each pool using a commercial kit with modifications. Subsequently, the protozoan DNA was detected using nested polymerase chain reaction. With this technique, the DNA of the protozoan under investigation was detected in 2.5% (n = 2/80) of the pools containing gills, with 1.25% of the pools (n = 1/80) belonging to the cultivation group of oysters and the other 1.25% (n = 1/80) to the natural stock. With the results obtained in this study, it was concluded that the analyzed oysters of the genus Crassostrea, from cultivation and natural stock groups, found in the state of Maranhão, were contaminated by Cryptosporidium spp. and may become potential sources of infection in humans and other animals. In addition, the gills are the elective tissue for the study of Cryptosporidium spp. in oysters.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20210014

Diversity and abundance of terrestrial molluscs and their associated nematode fauna in urban kitchen gardens in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Janeiro
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OLIVEIRA, KARINA L. DE

; RODRIGUES, PAULO SÉRGIO

; DECANINE, DANIELE

; GOMES, SUZETE R.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volumen 95 Nº 1 elocation e20220249

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Terrestrial molluscs can become agricultural pests and transmit parasites, playing an important role in different biological communities. In the present study, we evaluated the diversity and abundance of this group in two horticultural areas in Rio de Janeiro (Manguinhos and Jacarepaguá neighborhoods), as well the presence of parasitic nematodes associated with these molluscs. We collected specimens in the austral spring and summer, with four sites being sampled within each study area, including malabar spinach, sweet potato, chicory greens, and cassava plantations, and one site in an adjacent, non-cultivated area. We collected a total of 522 live mollusc specimens and identified 16 species from 10 different families. The greatest abundance of molluscs was recorded in summer (363) and at Jacarepaguá (309). Overall, 174 (57%) of the 303 specimens analyzed parasitologically were positive for nematodes. Larvae of superfamily Metastrongyloidea, which includes nematodes that are a concern for public health and veterinary medicine, were found parasitizing the slug Sarasinula linguaeformis, in Manguinhos. Our results contribute to understanding of the diversity of terrestrial molluscs occurring in kitchen gardens in the city of Rio de Janeiro, and provide important insights for generating subsidies for health education actions and control of parasitic diseases transmitted by them. parasites communities Manguinhos neighborhoods, neighborhoods , neighborhoods) area spinach potato greens plantations adjacent noncultivated non cultivated 52 1 families 363 (363 309. 309 . (309) Overall 17 57% 57 (57% 30 Metastrongyloidea medicine linguaeformis them 5 36 (36 (309 (57 3 (3 (30 (5 (

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320220249

How many species of Mollusca are there in Brazil? A collective taxonomic effort to reveal this still unknown diversity Brazil
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Machado, Fabrizio M.

; Miranda, Marcel S.

; Salvador, Rodrigo B.

; Pimenta, Alexandre D.

; Côrtes, Mariana O.

; Gomes, Jaime A.J.

; Miyahira, Igor C.

; Agudo-Padrón, Ignacio

; Oliveira, Cléo D.C.

; Caetano, Carlos H.S.

; Coelho, Paulo R.S.

; D’Ávila, Sthefane

; Arruda, Eliane P. de

; Almeida, Sérgio M. de

; Gomes, Suzete R.

; Alvim, Juliana

; Galvão-Filho, Hilton

; L. Ferreira-Júnior, Augusto

; Marques, Rodrigo C.

; Martins, Inês

; Souza, Leonardo S. de

; Arruda, Janine O.

; Cavallari, Daniel C.

; Santos, Sonia B. dos

; Pedro, Natan C.

; Salles, Anna C. de A.

; Dornellas, Ana P.S.

; Lima, Tarcilla C. de

; Amaral, Vanessa S. do

; Silva, Fernanda S.

; Passos, Flávio D.

; Thiengo, Silvana S.

; Leite, Tatiana S.

; Simone, Luiz R.L.

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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2023, Volumen 40 elocation e23026

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The expression ‘you need to know to conserve’ is a well-known cliche among biologists. Documenting the richness of a group of organisms is the first step towards understanding biodiversity and preparing efficient conservation plans. In this context, many efforts have been made to quantify the number of species on Earth and estimate the number of species still unknown to science. A few countries have complete and integrated databases estimating the approximate number of species recorded for their territory, particularly in the Global South. In Brazil, a country of continental dimensions, revealing the richness of the second most diverse clade of invertebrates (=Mollusca) has been a goal of taxonomists. Recently, in an unprecedented, collective, and integrated effort among Brazilian malacologists, it was possible to estimate how many valid species of molluscs are there in Brazil. In this effort, more than 30 mollusc experts joined together to update the Taxonomic Catalogue of the Brazilian Fauna (TCBF), a governmental website that allows a quick and real-time updating of all Metazoan. So far, more than 5,000 updates have been made in TCBF, indicating the presence of 3,552 valid species of molluscs in Brazil, distributed among the main clades as follows: Caudofoveata (10 spp.), Solenogastres (6 spp.), Polyplacophora (35 spp.), Scaphopoda (43 spp.), Cephalopoda (92 spp.), Bivalvia (629 spp.) and Gastropoda (2,737 spp.). The present study, in addition to demonstrating for the first time the richness of Brazilian molluscs, also presents the state of the art of this important phylum of invertebrates highlighting its most representative and neglected groups. you conserve wellknown well known biologists plans context science territory South Brazil dimensions =Mollusca Mollusca (=Mollusca taxonomists Recently unprecedented collective malacologists 3 TCBF , (TCBF) realtime real Metazoan far 5000 5 000 5,00 3552 552 3,55 follows 10 (1 spp., spp spp. 6 ( 35 (3 43 (4 92 (9 629 (62 2,737 2737 2 737 (2,73 spp.. . study groups (TCBF 500 00 5,0 355 55 3,5 1 4 9 62 2,73 273 73 (2,7 50 0 5, 3, 2,7 27 7 (2, 2, (2

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v40.e23026

Morphometric Variation among Four Local Ruditapes decussatus Populations in Monastir Bay (Eastern Coast, Tunisia)
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Ghozzi, Khemissa

; Dhiab, Rym Ben

; Challouf, Rafika

; Bradai, Mohamed Nejmeddine

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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2022, Volumen 65 elocation e22210235

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract In Tunisia, Monastir bay, extending for 38 km along the eastern coast of Tunisia, harbors different species of bivalves such as the clam Ruditapes decussatus, a species of major socio-economic interest. Despite its importance, no studies have been carried out about the morphology of this mollusc in Monastir bay. Thus, the current study aimed to analyze the shell morphological variations in the European clamRuditapes decussatus from Monastir Bay coast. The comparison of the shell shape of individuals from different populations was performed based on samples taken at four different sites (Khniss, Ksiba, Bkalta and Sokrine). Variance analysis of the morphometric indices (elongation, compactness, convexity and density) for the four populations indicated significant differences among sites with (p=0<0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed two intra-population groups for Sokrine site, supporting an intra-population variation in the shell morphology. Allometric relationships established between linear variables (shell length, height and width) and ponderal variables (total weight, shell weight) as well as the relative growth between variables (isometry vs. allometry) were analyzed. All morphometric relationships were highly significant (P<0.001) with high correlation coefficients (R2: 0.714-0.982), showing positive allometric growth for Bkalta and negative allometric growth for Sokrine. The data obtained will be useful in research studies and have practical application in diverse research fields such as biology, ecology, fisheries assessment and management.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2022210235

Analysis of microbiological contaminants in mussel Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758), before and after depuration, from mariculture of the lowland coast, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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GUIMARÃES FILHO, Carlos Eduardo de Freitas

; CALIXTO, Flávia Aline Andrade

; KASNOWSKI, Maria Carmela

; MESQUITA, Eliana de Fátima Marques de

Food Science and Technology

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2022, Volumen 42 elocation e64121

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Mussels can be used in the assessment of contamination of marine environments because of their filtering particles. Since they are used as a food source, this study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the (experimental) depuration process for the microbiological quality of mussels obtained from two regions of the Baixadas Litorâneas in Rio de Janeiro. Samples of cultivation water and mussels were collected seasonally from March 2019 to February 2020, in a total of 240 animals from both regions to perform the Most Probable Number of coliforms at 35 °C, at 45 °C (E. coli), Enterococcus spp., research Salmonella spp., count of heterotrophic aerobic mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria in control samples and debugged. A low count of E. coli was observed for the cultivation water, but in mussels the counts were high in the winter period in Armação de Búzios, exceeding the limits established in accordance with the current legislation. However, the depuration technique adopted after collection provided a reduction in bacteriological counts, proving to be an effective process. Therefore, if there is a bacterial reduction with the adoption of the depuration process, there is a need for mitigation measures adopted by mariculturers and city halls regarding the safety of marine waters and molluscs.

https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.64121

INVASIONES BIOLÓGICAS EN AGROECOSISTEMAS DE ECUADOR CONTINENTAL: NICHO ECOLÓGICO DE ESPECIES EXÓTICAS Y CULTIVOS AGRÍCOLAS BAJO RIESGO
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FERRER-SÁNCHEZ, Yarelys

; JACHO-SAA, Wilmer Raúl

; URDÁNIGO ZAMBRANO, Juan Pablo

; ABASOLO-PACHECO, Fernando

; PLASENCIA-VAZQUEZ, Alexis Herminio

; ZAMBRANO-MERO, Génesis Jajaira

; CASTILLO-MACÍAS, Mayely Julissa

; MUÑOZ ZAMBRANO, Karen Tatiana

; COVEÑA-ROSADO, Alex

; ESTRELLA BRAVO, Gabriela Verónica

Acta Biológica Colombiana

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Dic 2021, Volumen 26 Nº 3 Paginas 352 - 364

Resumen: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN En Ecuador las especies exóticas invasoras (EEI) provocan consecuencias negativas en los aspectos ecológicos, económicos y de seguridad alimentaria. Los agroecosistemas hacen parte de los sectores productivos a nivel mundial, pero son vulnerables a sufrir invasiones biológicas por la constante actividad humana y por el traslado de vegetación, tierra y semillas, por lo que deben ser constantemente monitoreados, pues desempeñan un papel importante en la economía al ser fuente de empleo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la influencia potencial de las EEI sobre los agroecosistemas de Ecuador continental a través del modelado del nicho ecológico. Se usó como método de modelación el algoritmo de máxima entropía y se emplearon los registros de presencia de seis especies de plantas, tres insectos y un molusco en sus regiones nativas y en zonas invadidas a nivel mundial. Los registros provienen de Global Biodiversity Information Facility y de Tropicos. Como variables explicativas se emplearon 19 variables bioclimáticas y seis variables de vegetación. Se obtuvieron los mapas de distribución geográfica potencial, las áreas de superposición de la distribución de las especies y la delimitación de las zonas de mayor riesgo. Se determinó que las condiciones ambientales de las regiones Sierra y Amazónica son idóneas para una posible invasión de seis y siete especies. Además, más del 50 % de la cobertura agropecuaria del país podría ser afectada por las especies Wasmannia rochai, Spondias purpurea L., Lissachatina fúlica y Conium maculatum L., siendo los cultivos de ciclo corto los más vulnerables a la invasión por estas especies.

ABSTRACT In Ecuador, invasive alien species (IAS) cause negative consequences in ecology, economy, and food security. Agroecosystems belong to one of the productive sectors worldwide but are vulnerable to biological invasions by constant human activity and the transfer of vegetation, soil, and seeds, so they must be constantly monitored because of their important role in the economy to be a source of employment. The objective of this research was to evaluate the potential influence of IAS on the agroecosystems of continental Ecuador through the modeling of the ecological niche. The maximum entropy algorithm was used as a modeling method, and the presence register in the native region and invaded areas at a global level of six plant species, three insect species and one mollusc species were used. Data were obtained from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and Tropicos. As explanatory variables, 19 bioclimatic variables, and six vegetation variables were used. Maps of potential geographical distribution, the overlap areas of the distribution of the species, and the delimitation of the zones of greater risk were obtained. It was determined that the environmental conditions of the Sierra and the Amazonian regions are ideal for a possible invasion of most species. Moreover, more than 50 % of the agricultural coverage of the country could be affected by Wasmannia rochai, Spondias purpurea L., Lissachatina fulica, and Conium maculatum L., with short cycle crops being the most vulnerable to invasion.

https://doi.org/10.15446/abc.v26n3.81765 104 descargas

10.

Mollusc collections at South African institutions: Development and current status
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Cole, Mary

South African Journal of Science

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Ago 2021, Volumen 117 Nº 7-8 Paginas 1 - 9

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

There are three major mollusc collections in South Africa and seven smaller, thematic collections. The KwaZulu-Natal Museum holds one of the largest collections in the southern hemisphere. Its strengths are marine molluscs of southern Africa and the southwestern Indian Ocean, and terrestrial molluscs of South Africa. Research on marine molluscs has led to revisionary papers across a wide range of gastropod families. The Iziko South African Museum contains the most comprehensive collections of Cephalopoda (octopus, squid and relatives) and Polyplacophora (chitons) for southern Africa. The East London Museum is a provincial museum of the Eastern Cape. Recent research focuses on terrestrial molluscs and the collection is growing to address the gap in knowledge of this element of biodiversity. Mollusc collections in South Africa date to about 1900 and are an invaluable resource of morphological and genetic diversity, with associated spatial and temporal data. The South African National Biodiversity Institute is encouraging discovery and documentation to address gaps in knowledge, particularly of invertebrates. Museums are supported with grants for surveys, systematic studies and data mobilisation. The Department of Science and Innovation is investing in collections as irreplaceable research infrastructure through the Natural Science Collections Facility, whereby 16 institutions, including those holding mollusc collections, are assisted to achieve common targets and coordinated outputs.SIGNIFICANCE: • Mollusc collections are among the oldest natural science collections in South Africa, dating from just before 1900. They provide an invaluable resource of morphological and genetic diversity, with associated spatial and temporal data. They are spread across the country in three comprehensive and seven smaller, thematic collections and this paper puts together available information about these scattered and diverse collections. Each has its own strengths and specialisations, and together they cater to a variety of the country's identified research priorities. Although staff complements are small, mollusc collections are well curated and conserved, expanding, actively researched and associated data are available online or on request.

https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2021/8984 23 descargas

11.

Coombs Hill: A Late Devonian fossil locality in the Witpoort Formation (Witteberg Group, South Africa)
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Harris, Christopher

; Gess, Robert W.

; Penn-Clarke, Cameron R.

; Rubidge, Bruce S.

South African Journal of Science

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Abr 2021, Volumen 117 Nº 3-4 Paginas 1 - 6

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Coombs Hill, a new fossil locality in the Witpoort Formation (Witteberg Group) of South Africa, preserves a record of Famennian (Late Devonian) life in Gondwana. Fossil plants collected at Coombs Hill are preliminarily assigned to several classes. Shelly invertebrates include a variety of bivalve mollusc forms, some of which appear to be preserved in life position. Biodiversity at Coombs Hill is comparable to that of the well-known Waterloo Farm lagerstätte in ordinal diversity, but exhibits differences in species composition. Ongoing taxonomic analysis will provide a rare window into the ecology of high-latitude environments during this pivotal stage of Earth history, which immediately preceded the end-Devonian extinction. Sandstone dominated sedimentary facies at Coombs Hill suggest a high-energy coastal marine setting, with brackish back-barrier estuarine/lagoonally derived fossiliferous mudstones. Exact stratigraphic placement within the Witpoort Formation is hampered by structural deformation, and precise age comparisons with Waterloo Farm are currently tenuous.SIGNIFICANCE: • A new fossil locality at Coombs Hill comprises the second known site with a suite of well-preserved continental and marginal marine fossils from the Witpoort Formation, providing an exceptionally rare example of high-latitude life during the critical latest Devonian Famennian age. • Several new plant taxa will be diagnosed from this locality, which also gives important insights into the morphology of Archaeopteris notosaria, South Africa's earliest known tree. • Discovery of a second palaeontologically significant site in the Witpoort Formation provides impetus for further structural and sedimentary facies analyses to align the unit with datable global eustatic events, and to clarify its internal chronology.

https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2021/9190 78 descargas

12.

Toxinas Algales en el Mar Argentino: nuevos hallazgos, nuevos desafíos.
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Montoya, Nora G.

; Carignan, Mario O.

; Mattera, María Belén

Acta toxicológica argentina

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Dic 2020, Volumen 28 Nº 3 Paginas 21 - 30

Resumen: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Harmful algal blooms are an increasingly common problem worldwide, causing severe damage to public health, economic losses in aquaculture, damage to tourism and mortality events of natural populations of fish, birds and marine mammals. The toxins are produced by phytoplankton and accumulated in bivalve molluscs that feed on water filtration, being these main vectors of human intoxication. In the Argentine Sea marine toxins of microalgal origin have been reported associated with four shellfish poisoning syn-dromes. The most serious due to their extension, frequency, toxicity and affected organisms are those caused by the dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella responsible for the Paralytic shellfish poisoning that has caused numerous human deaths. Then, the mildest, in severity and frequency, is the Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning. In contrast, domoic acid, known as Amnesic shellfish toxin, has not produced human intoxications yet. Recently, toxins and dinoflagellate species causing Azaspiracid shellfish poisoning have been re-corded, expanding the range of toxins for the region. In addition, the potentially toxic Yessotoxins and Spirolides have been detected, whose mechanism of action and toxicity is still being evaluated worldwide. These emerging toxins represent a potential risk to public health and socioeconomic activities due to the eventual closure of mollusc exploitation sites. They certainly present a new challenge, since detection and quantification can only be carried out using methods based on HPLC - mass spectrometry, which makes monitor-ing in regional laboratories difficult. Prevention through policies, regulations, and monitoring and control systems of each toxin group is the key management tool. These preventive measures are expected to contribute to reducing the number of poisonings and to ap-plying more efficient fisheries closures, ensuring a balance that protects both public health and the development of the fishing industry.

Resumen Las floraciones de algas nocivas son un problema cada vez más frecuente a nivel mundial que ocasiona severos daños sobre la salud pública, pérdidas económicas en acuicultura, perjuicios al turismo y episodios de mortalidad de poblaciones naturales de peces, aves y mamíferos marinos. Las toxinas son producidas por el fitoplancton y se acumulan en moluscos bivalvos que se alimentan por filtración del agua siendo estos los principales vectores de intoxicación humana. En el Mar Argentino, se han reportado toxinas marinas de origen microalgal asociadas con cuatro síndromes de intoxicación por moluscos. Los síndromes más graves por su extensión, frecuencia, toxicidad y organismos afectados, son los originados por el dinoflagelado Alexandrium cate-nella responsable de la Intoxicación Paralizante por Moluscos la cual ha ocasionado numerosas muertes humanas. Seguidamente, la más leve, en cuanto a gravedad y frecuencia, ha sido la Intoxicación Diarreica por Moluscos. En contraste, el ácido domoico, conocido como toxina amnésica de moluscos, no ha producido hasta ahora intoxicaciones humanas. Recientemente, se amplió el rango de toxinas para la región al registrarse las toxinas y los dinoflagelados productores de la Intoxicación Azaspirácidos por Moluscos. Además, se han detectado las potencialmente tóxicas Yessotoxinas y Espirolidos, cuyos mecanismos de acción y toxicidad están siendo aún evaluados a nivel mundial. Estas toxinas emergentes para la región, representan un riesgo potencial para la salud e inconvenientes socioeconómicos por el cierre de los sitios de explotación de moluscos. Ciertamente presentan un nuevo desafío, pues la detección y cuantificación sólo puede realizarse por medio de métodos basados en HPLC - espectrometría de masas, lo cual dificulta el monitoreo en laboratorios regionales en el país. La herramienta clave de manejo es la prevención, a través de políticas, regulaciones y sistemas de monitoreo y control de cada grupo de toxinas. A través de estas mejoras, se anticipa que no sólo disminuirá el número de afectados por estas intoxicaciones, si no que se podrán realizar vedas más eficientes, asegurando un equilibrio que proteja tanto la salud pública como el desarrollo de la industria pesquera.

454 descargas

13.

Actualización del catastro de ensamble de moluscos costero-marinos del archipiélago Diego Ramírez (56°31’S), Chile: Un refugio para la economía sustentable y conservación subantártica
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Rosenfeld, Sebastián

; Marambio, Johanna

; Aldea, Cristian

; Rodriguez, Juan Pablo

; Mendez, Fabio

; Gonzalez-Wevar, Claudio

; Gerard, Karin

; Contador, Tamara

; Mackenzie, Roy

; Rozzi, Ricardo

; Mansilla, Andrés

Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia

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Dic 2020, Volumen 48 Nº 3 Paginas 113 - 125

Resumen: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract: The Diego Ramírez archipelago is the last point of the South-America continent, located in the Drake Passage 112 km SW of Cape Horn. Due to its difficult access, information on the marine biodiversity that inhabits its coasts is still limited. This study presents the first report of the assemblage of coastal marine mollusks in this archipelago. Samples were collected during an expedition to Gonzalo Island during the spring of 2016. During the low tide an exhaustive inspection and collection of mollusks was carried out from the upper intertidal zone to 1 m depth. Records of these collections were complemented with reports from previous expeditions. A total 51 mollusk taxa were identified. Among the identified taxa, 42 mollusk species were new to Diego Ramirez Islands. This work is an updated list record of mollusks of the Diego Ramírez archipelago. It is important to continue investigating and monitoring this archipelago which corresponds to the southern limit of the Magellanic Province and the last South American rocky remnants that face the Drake passage.

Resumen: El archipiélago Diego Ramírez es el último confín del continente Sudamericano y se encuentra ubicado en el Paso Drake, a 112 km al SO del Cabo de Hornos aproximadamente. Debido a su difícil acceso, la información sobre la biodiversidad marina que habita sus costas es todavía limitada. En este estudio se presenta el primer catastro del ensamble de moluscos costero-marinos en este archipiélago, basado en la expedición a isla Gonzalo y en las colectas realizadas en esta isla en la primavera del año 2016. Durante marea baja se efectuó una exhaustiva inspección y colecta de moluscos desde la zona del intermareal superior hasta 1 m de profundidad. Para los análisis, los registros de estas colectas se complementaron con reportes de expediciones anteriores. De esta manera se determinaron 51 taxa de moluscos. Del total de taxa identificados se informan 42 nuevos registros de 42 especies de moluscos para las islas Diego Ramírez. Este estudio corresponde a un catastro actualizado de moluscos del archipiélago Diego Ramírez. Es importante seguir investigando y monitoreando este archipiélago, que corresponde al límite sur de la Provincia Magallánica y a los últimos vestigios rocosos sudamericanos que enfrentan el Paso Drake.

427 descargas

14.

La explotación de moluscos intermareales durante el Holoceno tardío en la localidad de Heshkaia, bahía Moat, sur de Tierra del Fuego
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Pérez, Suray A.

Intersecciones en antropología

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Ene 2020, Volumen 21 Nº 1 Paginas 43 - 55

Resumen: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Se analiza el registro arqueomalacológico de la localidad de Heshkaia, ubicada en la boca oriental del canal Beagle. Mediante estudios de composición taxonómica y biométricos, se evalúa la incidencia de factores antrópicos y ambientales en la configuración de los conjuntos de valvas de tres sitios arqueológicos con fechados del Holoceno tardío. Los resultados indican la recolección en racimos de mejillones (Mytilus edulis) de tamaño subóptimo durante toda la secuencia de ocupación en la localidad. Se infiere que la importancia de los moluscos en la subsistencia humana se definió por su abundancia y accesibilidad, antes que por el aporte alimentario. Asimismo, los cambios temporales en el tamaño de algunos taxones no pueden ser explicados por las fluctuaciones en la temperatura de la superficie del agua de mar y sugieren en cambio un escenario de constante presión antrópica. Esta última limitó el crecimiento máximo de los moluscos más explotados, pero sin comprometer a largo plazo su reproducción local. Los resultados obtenidos aportan nueva información sobre las modalidades de explotación de moluscos y permiten explorar continuidades y diferencias con respecto a los trabajos previos en la costa sur de Tierra del Fuego.

Abstract INTERTIDAL MOLLUSC EXPLOITATION DURING THE LATE HOLOCENE AT THE HESHKAIA LOCALITY, BAHÍA MOAT, SOUTHERN TIERRA DEL FUEGO. This paper examines the archaeomalacological record of the Heshkaia locality, situated at the eastern mouth of Beagle Channel. Taxonomic identification and biometric analysis of shells from three Late-Holocene assemblages are performed to assess the incidence of anthropic and natural forces in the observed trends. Results support a shellfish gathering strategy centered on suboptimal blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) stripping along the occupational sequence in the locality. It is inferred that the importance of mollusks in human subsistence derived from their abundance and accessibility, rather than their nutritional contribution. In addition, temporal changes in mean shell size of some species cannot be explained by sea surface temperature variations and instead a constant human harvest pressure scenario is suggested. Although this limited the maximum length mollusks could grow, it did not affect their long-term local reproduction. These results contribute new information on mollusk exploitation patterns and allow examination of continuities and differences with previous studies in the south coast of Tierra del Fuego.

15.

Life history traits of the exotic freshwater snail Melanoides tuberculata Müller, 1774 (Gastropoda, Thiaridae), and its sensitivity to common stressors in freshwaters
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Okumura, Denise Tieme

; Rocha, Odete

Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia

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2020, Volumen 32 elocation e19

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo: Objetivo No presente estudo foram analisados diversos aspectos do ciclo de vida de Melanoides tuberculata, um gastrópode exótico, sob condições controladas em laboratório, e, também foram avaliados a sua resposta a alguns estressores. Métodos Foram testadas a sensibilidade a duas substâncias tóxicas. Os moluscos foram coletados e cultivados em laboratório sobre condições controladas de temperatura de 25 ± 1 °C e alimentação ad libitum. A taxa de crescimento e as relações peso-comprimento foram determinadas, além da curva de crescimento individual. Resultados A duração do experimento foi de 287 dias, os valores de comprimentos máximo da concha foi de 11,67 mm. Os parâmetros da curva de crescimento revelaram taxa de crescimento de 3,98 ano-1 e comprimento máximo teórico de 10,61 mm. Em média M. tuberculata apresentou a primípara em 275 dias com comprimento de 10,13 mm. O crescimento foi mais acentuado na fase juvenil decorrente do maior investimento nesta fase para a formação da concha até a maturidade sexual, após isso houve redução nas taxas de crescimento para maior investimento de energia na reprodução. Assim, M. tuberculata apresentou crescimento lento e uma longa expectativa de vida em condições laboratoriais. A faixa de tolerância à temperatura de M. tuberculata situa-se entre 16 °C e 37 °C, sendo a faixa ótima de temperatura entre 29 °C e 34 °C. A CL(I)50-24h foram: 0,70 g.L-1 para KCl e 9,05 g.L-1 para NaCl. Conclusões Baseados nestes resultados podemos concluir que M. tuberculata é uma espécie tolerante a temperatura e salinidade, o que explicaria parcialmente sua ampla e rápida dispersão em águas tropicais.

Abstract: Aim In the present study has analyzed several aspects of the life history traits of Melanoides tuberculata, an exotic species, under laboratory conditions, and its response to some stressors has also been applied. Methods Sensitivity to two toxic substances was tested. The mollusks were collected and cultured in the laboratory under controlled conditions of temperature of 25 ± 1 °C and ad libitum food regime. Growth rates and biomass were experimentally obtained and the individual growth curve obtained. Results The experiment lasted 287 days and the maximum shell lengths registered was 11.67 mm. The growth curve indicated a rate of 3.98 year-1 and a maximum theoretical length of 10.61 mm. The mean post-embrionary development time until first reproduction was 275 days and the size of the primipara was 10.13 mm. An accelerated growth of juveniles was observed with fast increase in the shell length until sexual maturity, but growth rate decreased afterwards as more energy was devoted to reproduction. Under the combination of 25 °C and fed on alternate days, M. tuberculata had a slow growth and a long-life expectancy under laboratory conditions. The tolerance of this mollusk to temperature as a stressor ranged between 16 °C and 37 °C, being the optimum temperature situated between 29 °C and 34 °C. The LC(I)50-24h for reference substances were: 0.70 g L-1 for KCl and 9.05 g L-1 for NaCl. Conclusion Based on these results, we can conclude that M. tuberculata is a species tolerant to temperature and salinity, what partially explains to accordance to its wide and rapid dispersion throughout tropical waters.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x0819 917 descargas

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