ABSTRACT Society is immersed in the digital world and the use of digital payment methods has made it possible to boost electronic commerce. In Paraguay, outside of large cities, paying in cash continues to be the most used, due to the lack of digital education among the inhabitants; Although, it is expected that this situation will be reversed, and digital payment methods will prevail. The methodology had a quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental and cross-sectional approach, a structured survey was used; and the data obtained were processed in an electronic spreadsheet and SPSS. The convenience sample is made up of 724 Paraguayan citizens from all the departments of the country. Through the study, the following could be identified: There is a heterogeneous perception about digital payment methods; 46.5% use digital payment methods; 60.2% of those who use digital payment methods have digital banking; 70.8% of digital payment methods are used to pay for water, electricity and telephone services; 83.6% of digital payment methods are used to make payments or transfers; 23.5% of those surveyed made purchases online. Furthermore, it was confirmed that there is no significant relationship between sex, age, income level, studies completed or place of residence and the use of digital payment methods. But there is a significant relationship between the level of income, place of residence and studies completed with the degree of trust in digital payment methods.

RESUMEN La sociedad está inmersa en lo digital y el empleo de medios digitales de pagos permitió dinamizar el comercio electrónico. En Paraguay, fuera de las grandes urbes, pagar en efectivo sigue siendo el más utilizado, esto por falta de una educación digital en los habitantes; aunque, se espera que esta situación vaya revirtiéndose y se impongan los medios digitales de pagos. La metodología tuvo enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo, no experimental y de corte transversal, se utilizó una encuesta estructurada; y, los datos obtenidos fueron procesados en planilla electrónica y SPSS. La muestra por conveniencia la conforman 724 ciudadanos paraguayos de todos los departamentos del país. A través del estudio se pudo identificar lo siguiente: Existe una percepción heterogénea sobre los medios digitales de pago; 46,5% utiliza los medios digitales de pagos; 60,2% de los que utilizan medios digitales de pagos, cuentan con banca digital; 70,8% de los medios digitales de pagos se utilizan para pagar los servicios de agua, luz y telefonía; 83,6% de los medios digitales de pagos son utilizados para realizar pagos o transferencias; 23,5% de los encuestados realizó compras por internet. Además, se confirmó que no existe una relación significativa entre sexo, edad, nivel de ingreso, estudios realizados ni lugar de residencia y el uso de los medios digitales de pagos. Pero, si existe una relación significativa entre el nivel de ingreso, lugar de residencia y estudios realizados con el grado de confianza en los medios digitales de pago.

PURPOSE: This study was conceptualised to investigate the relationships of invasiveness, privacy concerns, perceived usefulness and the adoption of mobile marketing technology by millennial banking customers in an emerging market economy DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: This was a quantitative study that targeted millennial banking service customers from an emerging market environment. The non-probability sampling approach was used, and the data were collected via a survey questionnaire. For data analysis, SPSS and SmartPLS Structural equation modeling were used FINDINGS/RESULTS: The results confirmed a direct relationship between privacy, invasiveness and usefulness perception. It also confirmed a direct relationship between perceived usefulness and the intention to accept mobile-marketed banking services. In addition, the results also showed that in addition to the direct impact of perceived usefulness on intention to adopt mobile marketing usage for banking services, it acts as a mediator variable PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Academics can pursue a qualitative study to unpack the reasons for sensitivity around banking technology in emerging markets. The study should lead to better understanding of both the investigated market and others like it. Organisations will gain valuable insight for informed investment in such markets ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The article is the first empirical investigation into the adoption of mobile-marketed banking services by millennials in a developing economy context. The study adds a valuable component to academic debates by using two independent theories to gain a holistic view of the performance of advanced technology in banking business. The study adds to the literature by also proving the mediation role of perceived technology usefulness in banking

BACKGROUND: In December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was detected in Wuhan, China. This virus quickly spread throughout different regions and was declared a pandemic late in January 2020. The spread of the virus has affected every aspect of human life as previously known OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the adoption of fintechs in South Africa METHOD: Eighteen financial services experts were interviewed using semi-structured interviews to collect data, and ATLAS.ti 28 was used to analyse the data RESULTS: During the lockdowns, the industry expedited the implementation of fintech to sustain business operations. Online shopping, mobile payments, and digital banking experienced a surge in adoption as individuals steered clear of crowded stores and bank branches. The upswing in online shopping influenced the embrace of mobile payments and contactless cashless transactions. Moreover, with limited access to physical bank branches, there was a marked shift towards digital banking CONCLUSION: Fintech companies have introduced consumers to alternative financial technologies. The pandemic has accelerated the adoption of fintech as an essential means of transacting and banking. One limitation of the study is its timing because it was conducted during and immediately after the pandemic, therefore, it does not account for the long-term effects of the pandemic on the financial services industry. Consequently, future research could explore the impact of COVID-19 on the industry 5-10 years after the pandemic to evaluate any significant influence on the industry's transformation CONTRIBUTION: This study will assist the financial services industry to better respond to catastrophes such as COVID-19

RESUMEN El objetivo de la presente investigación es caracterizar el panorama actual sobre la percepción del uso de la banca móvil por parte de los consumidores colombianos. Para ello, se realizó un análisis bibliométrico en la base de datos Scopus utilizando los softwares R Core Team 2021-Bibliometrix y VOSviewer, complementado con una revisión sistemática de la literatura utilizando el protocolo PRISMA. Los resultados del análisis bibliométrico mostraron que existe un crecimiento sustancial de la producción científica relacionada con el tema abordado, siendo los países más productivos: India, seguido de Estados Unidos y China. Los autores más representativos son Tommi Laukkanen, Aijaz A Shaikh y Heikki Karjaluoto. De la revisión sistemática de la literatura, se observa que el uso de la banca móvil está motivado principalmente por la facilidad de uso, la confianza y la utilidad que perciben los usuarios; también es importante destacar que existe una alta probabilidad de uso en la población que tiene acceso y uso constante de internet, así como en las personas con mayores ingresos y educación universitaria.

ABSTRACT The objective of the present research is to characterise the current landscape on the perception of the use of mobile banking by Colombian consumers. To this end, a bibliometric analysis was carried out in the Scopus database using the R Core Team 2021-Bibliometrix and VOSviewer software, complemented by a systematic review of the literature using the PRISMA protocol. The results of the bibliometric analysis showed that there is a substantial growth in scientific production related to the topic addressed, with the most productive countries being: India, followed by the United States and China. The most representative authors are Tommi Laukkanen, Aijaz A Shaikh, and Heikki Karjaluoto. From the systematic review of the literature, it is observed that the use of mobile banking is mainly motivated by the ease of use, trust, and usefulness that users perceive; it is also important to note that there is a high probability of use in the population that has constant access and use of the internet, as well as in people with higher incomes and university education.

ABSTRACT This article proposes two models to analyze profitability banking. Using panel data methodology, it examined the relationship between operational efficiency indicators and banking access channels alternative to the branch with ROA and ROE. The main findings are that Net Operating Margin (MNO) has a direct relationship. Net noninterest Margin (MNNI) and Asset Utilization (RA) have a negative impact on ROA. Regarding access channels, Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) have a positive, albeit weak, impact. Point of Sale Terminals (POS) are significant but in reverse. As for ROE, MNO and MNNI are related in the same sense as ROA. The Capital Multiplier (MC) presents a negative relationship. Mobile Banking (NBM) and POS show a significant inverse relationship, while ATM is direct.

RESUMEN Este artículo propone dos modelos para analizar la rentabilidad bancaria. Mediante metodología de datos de panel se analiza la relación entre los indicadores de eficiencia operativa y los canales de acceso bancario alternativos a la sucursal con ROA y ROE. Los principales hallazgos son que el Margen Operativo Neto (MNO) tiene una relación directa. El margen neto sin intereses (MNNI) y la utilización de activos (RA) tienen un impacto negativo en el ROA. En cuanto a los canales de acceso, los Cajeros Automáticos (ATM) tienen un impacto positivo, aunque débil. Los Terminales de Punto de Venta (POS) son significativos, pero a la inversa. En cuanto a ROE, MNO y MNNI están relacionados en el mismo sentido que ROA. El Multiplicador de Capital (CM) presenta una relación negativa. La Banca Móvil (NBM) y POS muestran una relación inversa significativa, mientras que ATM es directa.

BACKGROUND: In today's fast-paced society, technologies have evolved to provide services that are convenient and benefit both the customer and service provider; these include mobile banking (m-banking). University students are a big segment of the future income earners and adopters of technology; thus, it is imperative for them to adopt and become regular m-banking users as this will impact the revenue of banking institutions PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The aim of this research was to develop a trust framework to improve the adoption of mobile banking by university students DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The study adopted a positivist approach utilising the quantitative methodology to survey a sample of 471 university students FINDINGS: The findings show the existence of a positive and significant relationship between several factors, such as perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived risk, when investigating trust and its influences on m-banking adoption amongst university students RECOMMENDATIONS/VALUE: Based on these findings, the study recommends that banks should consider the above-mentioned factors in order to improve trust and increase m-banking adoption among university students MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: In addressing the reasons why university students do not adopt mobile banking, the study encourages continued efforts to promote m-banking amongst university students to include them in the banking sector and become financially inclusive JEL CLASSIFICATION: G20

ABSTRACT Technology-driven digital transformation is impacting the financial sector with the entry of new business models such as fintech and bigtech that successfully compete by offering financial products with disruptive potential. Digital banking is the result of the sum of traditional banking and the internet that offers banking services through a website or mobile application. The integration of financial services into digital ecosystems represents a challenge for traditional banking that needs to evolve to face the changing environment. Digital banking plays an important role in financial inclusion, as it allows access to innovative services to more Peruvians and boosts economic growth. However, a high level of digital fraud also exists, aimed at misappropriating money or blackmailing financial users by means of phishing and the use of malware. Pearson’s correlation coefficient, useful for linear relationships, was used to evaluate the variables “digital banking” and “financial inclusion”, and SPSS-IBM software was used to tabulate the results.

RESUMEN El impacto de la transformación digital impulsado por los avances tecnológicos afecta al sector financiero con la entrada de nuevos modelos de negocios como las fintech y bigtech que compiten con éxito ofreciendo productos financieros con potencial disruptivo. La banca digital es el resultado de la suma de la banca tradicional y el internet donde se ofrecen servicios bancarios a través de una página web o aplicación móvil. La integración de servicios financieros en ecosistemas digitales representa un reto para la banca tradicional que necesita evolucionar para enfrentar los cambios del entorno. La banca digital cumple un papel importante en la inclusión financiera, pues permite que más peruanos tengan acceso a servicios innovadores e impulsa el crecimiento económico. Sin embargo, también existe un alto nivel de fraude digital cuyo objetivo es hurtar dinero o chantajear a los usuarios financieros mediante el phishing y el uso de malware. Para evaluar las variables “banca digital” e “inclusión financiera” se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, útil para relaciones lineales, y para la tabulación de los resultados se utilizó el software SPSS-IBM.

The advent of mobile money innovations has given people in rural areas, informal settlements and other poor communities an opportunity to participate in Zimbabwe's mainstream financial economy. However, the technology-driven money services have presented some challenges to the traditional banking sector in general and the regulation of financial services in particular. Firstly, most mobile money services are products of telecommunication corporations, which are not banks. Telecommunication companies use their network reach to provide mobile money services via mobile devices at a cheaper cost than banks across the country in Zimbabwe. As such, banks face unprecedented competition from telecommunications companies that are venturing into financial services. It also appears that prudential regulation of banks cannot keep up with the fast pace at which technological innovations are developing and this has created a disjuncture between the regulation and the use of technological innovations to promote financial inclusion in Zimbabwe. The Banking Act [Chapter 24:20] 9 of 1999, the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Act [Chapter 22:15] 5 of 1999 and the National Payment Systems Act [Chapter 24:23] 21 of 2001 have a limited scope in terms of the regulation of mobile money services in Zimbabwe. The Ministry of Finance and Economic Development launched the National Financial Inclusion Strategy (NFIS) 2016-2020 to provide impetus to the financial inclusion of the poor, unbanked and low-income earners in Zimbabwe. However, the NFIS appears to push more for bank-led financial inclusion than it does for innovation-driven initiatives such as mobile money services. This article highlights the positive influence of mobile money services in improving financial inclusion for the poor, unbanked and low-income earners in Zimbabwe. The article also seeks to point out gaps and flaws in the financial services regulatory framework that may limit the potential of mobile money services to reach more people so that they actively participate in the Zimbabwean economy. It is submitted that the Zimbabwean mobile money services regulations and the financial regulatory framework should be carefully amended in line with the recent innovations in mobile money to adequately regulate the use of mobile money services and innovative technology to address the financial exclusion of the poor, unbanked and low-income earners in Zimbabwe.

This study probes the roles that information systems (IS) success factors and user personality traits play in Tanzanian users' perceptions of their experiences with mobile banking apps. Based on a survey of 249 mobile banking customers, the study finds that users are being positively influenced by the apps' system quality and system service, but not by the apps' information quality. The study also finds that, with respect to user personality traits, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness and extraversion are all traits that have a positive impact on customers' use of, and satisfaction with, mobile banking apps. The findings suggest that developers of mobile banking apps for the Tanzanian market need to both improve the quality of the information in the apps and continue to target a range of personality traits.

Resumen El uso de teléfonos móviles ha aumentado en el mundo, ofreciendo a los países en desarrollo la oportunidad de mejorar la inclusión financiera a través de la banca móvil. Sin embargo, en el contexto de los microempresarios en la base de la pirámide, su adopción es baja y los estudios que proporcionan explicaciones para este fenómeno son incipientes. Por lo tanto, este estudio tiene como objetivo establecer factores que influyen en la adopción de la banca móvil en microempresarios, desde la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado (TPB) y el TPB extendido a la ventaja relativa y al riesgo percibido. Utilizando una muestra de 101 microempresarios de la Base de la Pirámide, nuestros hallazgos confirman que la actitud, las normas subjetivas, el control del comportamiento y la ventaja relativa tienen un efecto positivo en la adopción de la banca móvil. Por lo tanto, los bancos y los servicios de telefonía móvil pueden centrarse en estos factores clave para aumentar la tasa de adopción de la banca móvil.

Abstract The use of mobile phones has increased globally, offering developing countries the opportunity to improve financial inclusion through mobile banking. However, mobile banking has been little adopted by microentrepreneurs at the bottom of the pyramid, and studies that explain this phenomenon is incipient. Therefore, this study aims to establish factors that influence mobile banking adoption by microentrepreneurs, from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), extended to the relative advantage and perceived risk. Using a sample of 101 microentrepreneurs at the bottom of the pyramid, our findings confirmed that attitude, subjective norms, behavior control, and relative advantages positively affect the appropriation of mobile banking. Thus, banks and mobile services providers can focus on these critical factors to increase the mobile banking adoption rate.

Abstract: Smartphones have become the colossal point of attention for both individuals and businesses worldwide resulting into a whole level of new and innovative experience in mobile computing. Mobile applications (mobile app) is an upshot of such innovative mobile computing and produces a noticeable change in the way humans feel and experience. Each and every mobile app has a rating attached to it on App store, which measures the overall feedback of users for a particular mobile app. The present research develops a theoretical research model as a framework to identify the key decision factors influencing Indian users to rate mobile banking apps. A mix method approach consisting of qualitative interviews and a self-administered survey was used to gather information from 343 respondents in Delhi, India. The empirical analysis identifies and ranks six important decision factors: login time, visual design, navigational design, information design, collaboration and service quality, influencing the ratings of a mobile app. This study is one of the very few that has attempted to investigate the relationship between mobile app attributes and user ratings for retail banks and for providing new insights into mobile app attributes of retail banks and their effects on user ratings.

BACKGROUND: In the advent of the fourth industrial revolution, Internet-only/digital-only banks are offering alternative approaches to facilitating online transactions and banking in the absence of physical branches. As a result, traditional, offline banks may possibly experience increased pressure in growing and retaining their customer base. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to understand the fundamental differences between traditional and digital-only banks' business models and digital user experience strategies from a consumer services perspective. As a result, in this research, we established to what extent traditional South African banks have embraced service digitalisation and compared this to the services offered by South Africa's first digital-only bank (launched in early 2019). METHOD: By means of convenience sampling, we selected the five biggest traditional banks and the first digital-only bank in South Africa (as recorded at the start of July 2019) and conducted a comparative analysis of the core digital services that were offered to consumers. RESULTS: Overall, mobile-optimised services were identified as a key digital business strategy, thereby highlighting the importance of a mobile-first approach not only to traditional and digital-only banking services strategies but also to digital business model formulation in general. CONCLUSION: While the overall South African banking landscape and banking user experience may be moving towards digital-first and mobile-first, the need for access to banking technology and services 7 days a week necessitate not only mobile-first, but accessible-foremost (i.e. access to infrastructure that facilitates access to online banking technologies, both remotely and on premise) banking business models.

RESUMEN Las tecnologías de información implementadas en los sistemas de pago han incrementado la oferta de servicios mediante medios móviles, con una adopción aún limitada. Por ello, la relevancia de investigar sobre la utilización de los medios de pago virtuales a través de la identificación de los factores que inciden en la adopción de la banca móvil por jóvenes millennials y centennials de Medellín, mediante el análisis factorial exploratorio y análisis factorial confirmatorio de las variables: actitud de uso, conciencia percibida, credibilidad percibida, confianza percibida, intención de uso y experiencia de uso. La investigación empleó un análisis factorial exploratorio con un enfoque cuantitativo y de alcance exploratorio-descriptivo. Se concluye que las variables más relevantes en la decisión de usar pagos móviles son la experiencia en uso y la conciencia percibida. CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: G21, O16, D14, G40 CONTENIDO: Introducción; 1. Millennials y centennials; 2. Sistema de pagos móviles; 3. Factores y estructuración del modelo; 4. Metodología; 5. Resultados; 6. Discusión; Conclusiones; Bibliografía.

ABSTRACT The information technologies implemented in the payment systems have increased the offer of services through mobile means, with a still limited adoption. Therefore, it became relevant to investigate the use of virtual payment methods through the identification of factors that affect the adoption of mobile banking in young millennials and centennials in Medellin, through exploratory factor analysis and factor analysis confirmation of the variables: attitude towards use, perceived awareness, perceived credibility, perceived trust, intention to use and experience of use. The research used exploratory factor analysis, with a quantitative and exploratory-descriptive approach. It is concluded that the most relevant variables in the decision to use mobile payment methods are use experience and perceived awareness. JEL CLASSIFICATION: G21, O16, D14, G40 CONTENTS: Introduction; 1. Millennials and centennials; 2. Mobile payment system; 3. Factors and structuring of the model; 4. Methodology; 5. Results; 6. Discussion; Conclusions; Bibliography.

RESUMO As tecnologias da informação do âmbito dos sistemas de pagamento têm aumentado a oferta de serviços mediante meios móveis, com uma adesão ainda limitada. Por isso, a relevância de pesquisar sobre a utilização dos meios de pagamento virtuais a partir da identificação dos fatores que incidem na adoção dessa modalidade por jovens millennials e centennials de Medellín, Colômbia, mediante a análise fatorial exploratória e a análise fatorial confirmatória das variáveis: atitudes de uso, consciência percebida, credibilidade percebida, confiança percebida, intenção de uso e experiência de uso. Esta pesquisa utilizou uma análise fatorial exploratória com uma abordagem quantitativa e de alcance exploratório-descritivo. Conclui-se que as variáveis mais relevantes na decisão de usar formas de pagamento com a tecnologia mobile payment são a experiência em uso e a consciência percebida. CLASSIFICAÇÃO JEL: G21, O16, D14, G40 CONTEÚDO: Introdução; 1. Millennials e centennials; 2. Sistema mobile payment; 3. Fatores e estruturação do modelo; 4. Metodologia; 5. Resultados; 6. Discussão; Conclusões; Bibliografia.

Abstract: The services that digital banking offers in Mexico and in the world have change radically in recent times, going from a traditional branch form of service, to electronic banking and now to financial services in mobile devices and biometric identification banking by telephone, among other advances. This is why the present article analyzes the legal evolution in the development of banking services and offers a perspective of some areas where the law may be overtaken by advances in technology, such as the need to regulate Fintech companies, errors or omissions in the provision of the service, as well as the supervision of the authorities and the protection of the customer.

Resumen: Los servicios que ofrece la Banca en México y en el mundo han cambiado vertiginosamente en los últimos años, al pasar de una forma tradicional de servicio en sucursal, a banca por teléfono, después a banca electrónica y ahora a servicios financieros en dispositivos móviles e identificación biométrica, entre otros avances. Es por ello que el presente artículo analiza la evolución jurídica en la prestación de servicios bancarios y ofrece una perspectiva de algunas áreas en donde el Derecho puede estar superado por los avances de la tecnología, como por ejemplo la necesidad de regular a las empresas Fintech, errores u omisiones en la prestación del servicio, así como la supervisión de las autoridades y la protección al usuario.

RESUMO Apesar dos alegados benefícios do m-banking, a sua aceitação tem sido aquém das expectativas da indústria. Uma explicação plausível pode ser a inicial falta de confiança nos serviços disponíveis aos consumidores. O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar o efeito da confiança na intenção de uso do m-banking no contexto brasileiro, especificamente entre usuários da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido e testado um modelo que relaciona a confiança e seus antecedentes (familiaridade, facilidade de uso, utilidade percebida, segurança, privacidade e inovatividade) com a intenção de uso do m-banking. Foi obtida uma amostra de 272 usuários de aplicativos móveis financeiros e por meio da Modelagem de Equações Estruturais as hipóteses foram testadas. Os resultados confirmaram a maior parte das hipóteses, e relações significativas foram verificadas entre o construto confiança e os demais construtos, as quais influenciam significativamente a intenção de uso de serviços bancários via m-banking.

ABSTRACT Despite the alleged benefits of m-banking, its acceptance has been short of industry expectations. One plausible explanation may be consumers' initial lack of trust in available services. The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of trust in the intention to use m-banking in the Brazilian context, specifically among users of the city of Rio de Janeiro. Therefore, we developed and tested a model that relates trust and its antecedents (familiarity, ease of use, perceived usefulness, safety, privacy and innovativeness) with the intention to use m-banking. We got a sample of 272 users of financial mobile apps and through structural equation modeling the hypotheses were tested. The results confirmed most of the proposed hypotheses, and we found significant relationships between the construct trust and other constructs, which significantly influence the intended use of banking services via m-banking.