Resumen Introducción: La migración es un fenómeno natural que incluye los movimientos anuales de muchas especies de aves en respuesta a los ciclos estacionales. Con aproximadamente un tercio de todas las especies de aves conocidas, América del Sur tiene una avifauna importante y muchas aves migratorias tienen puntos de parada e invernada en Brasil. Objetivo: Identificar asociaciones entre las aves migratorias y la vegetación costera, y la influencia del medio ambiente en la migración. Métodos: En 10 puntos a lo largo de la costa del Estado de Piauí, Brasil, realizamos censos visuales y capturas con redes de niebla, entre abril 2009 y febrero 2016. Resultados: Identificamos 82 especies de aves migratorias (13 órdenes; 28 familias) que representaron 41 especies migratorias intracontinentales, 26 especies visitantes del norte, 14 especies nómadas y una especie vagante. Los picos de riqueza se dieron al principio y al final de las estaciones seca y lluviosa, coincidiendo con la insolación y la presión atmosférica. Hubo diferencias en el patrón espacial entre los complejos de vegetación. Chrysolampis mosquitus es un indicador de vegetación de caatinga, Numenius phaeopus de humedales, Charadrius collaris de campos que no se inundan, Rostrhamus sociabilis de transición bosque-pastizales y Columbina picui de huertos. A pesar de las diferencias en el número y composición de especies dentro de los tipos de vegetación, el patrón temporal en la riqueza de especies fue similar entre las categorías de campos inundados, campos no inundados y pastizales de transición. Conclusiones: Las aves migratorias ocupan ambientes específicos durante su permanencia a lo largo de la costa del estado de Piauí, con una riqueza acorde con la insolación y la presión atmosférica.

Abstract Introduction: Migration is a natural phenomenon that includes annual movements of many bird species in response to seasonal cycles. With approximately one third of all living bird species, South America has an important avifauna, and many migrants land in Brazil at stopping points and wintering sites. Objective: To identify associations between migrant birds and coastal vegetation, and environmental influence of on migration. Methods: At 10 points along the coast of Piauí State, Brazil, we made visual censuses and mist net captures, between April 2009 and February 2016. Results: We identified 82 migrant bird species (13 orders; 28 families) that represented 41 intracontinental migrating species, 26 northern visiting species, 14 nomad species and one vagrant species. The richness peaks were at the beginning and end of both dry and rainy seasons, matching insolation and atmospheric pressure. There were spatial pattern differences among vegetation complexes. Chrysolampis mosquitus is an indicator of caatinga vegetation, Numenius phaeopus of wetland, Charadrius collaris of non-flooding fields, Rostrhamus sociabilis of forest-grassland transition, and Columbina picui of orchards. Despite differences in number and species composition within vegetation types, the temporal pattern in species richness was similar among flooded fields, non-flooded fields, and transition grassland categories. Conclusions: Migrant birds occupy specific environments during their permanence along the coast of Piauí State, with richness matching insolation and atmospheric pressure.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to report on the occurrence of parasitism by Amblyomma rotundatum ticks on two species of Teiidae lizards and test the presence of rickettsiae in the collected ticks, in the western Brazilian Amazon region. Ticks were collected in July 2019, from a fragment of terra firme forest in the municipality of Senador Guiomard, Acre, Brazil. Two lizards that were infested by immature stages of ticks were caught using mist net and Tomahawk traps. Ectoparasites were collected manually, and the lizard specimens were identified and released at the same location where they had been caught. Three nymphs and 49 larvae were collected from Ameiva ameiva, while 25 nymphs and nine larvae were collected from Tupinambis cuzcoensis, which are both in the family Teiidae. The ticks were identified morphologically as belonging to the genus Amblyomma. Nymphs were identified at species level through molecular analysis, resulting in the tick species Amblyomma rotundatum. This is the first record of parasitism by the tick A. rotundatum on T. cuzcoensis lizard, and the first report of an association between A. rotundatum and the lizard species A. ameiva and T. cuzcoensis in Acre, in the western part of the Amazon region. region 2019 Guiomard Acre Brazil traps manually 4 2 analysis A T 201 20

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi relatar a ocorrência de parasitismo por carrapatos Amblyomma rotundatum em duas espécies de lagartos Teiidae, e testar a presença de riquétsias nos carrapatos coletados, na região da Amazônia Ocidental brasileira. Os carrapatos foram coletados em julho de 2019, em um fragmento de floresta de terra firme no município de Senador Guiomard, Acre, Brasil. Dois lagartos infestados por estágios imaturos de carrapatos foram capturados com rede de neblina e armadilhas Tomahawk. Os ectoparasitos foram coletados manualmente, e os espécimes de lagartos foram identificados e soltos no mesmo local onde foram capturados. Três ninfas e 49 larvas foram coletadas de Ameiva ameiva, enquanto 25 ninfas e nove larvas foram coletadas de Tupinambis cuzcoensis, ambas da família Teiidae. Os carrapatos foram identificados morfologicamente como pertencentes ao gênero Amblyomma. As ninfas foram identificadas em nível de espécie por meio de análise molecular, resultando na espécie de carrapato Amblyomma rotundatum. Este é o primeiro registro de parasitismo pelo carrapato A. rotundatum em lagarto T. cuzcoensis, e o primeiro relato de associação entre A. rotundatum e as espécies de lagartos A. ameiva e T. cuzcoensis, no Acre, na parte ocidental da região amazônica. Teiidae brasileira 2019 Guiomard Acre Brasil Tomahawk manualmente 4 2 cuzcoensis molecular A T amazônica 201 20

ABSTRACT In grape, high temperatures and low humidity prolong midday depression of foliar photosynthesis and dramatically reduce fruit yield. In this study, we explored the effects of various mist micro-spray treatments on grape photosynthesis at a test site in Shanshan County (N, 42.91°; E, 90.30°), Turpan, Xinjiang, China. We tested four different mist micro-spray durations including 1 h (WP1), 2 h (WP2), 3 h (WP3), and 0 h (CK). WP1, WP2, and WP3 affected canopy air temperature and humidity for 5 h, 7 h, and 9 h, respectively. At 12:30, WP1, WP2, and WP3 had the strongest cooling effect and altered temperature by −5.12 °C, −5.09 °C, and −5.17 °C respectively. The relative chlorophyll content was higher in the upper than the lower canopy leaves. There were no differences in the same leaf layers across treatments. The net photosynthesis and transpiration rates and stomatal conductance were higher for the upper than the lower canopy leaves. Compared with CK, the mist micro-spray treatments mitigated “midday depression” in the upper leaves and eliminated it altogether in the lower leaves. Mist micro-spray for 1 h d-1 most effectively improved grape leaf photosynthesis. The findings of the present study lay an empirical foundation for improving grape leaf photosynthesis and fruit yield.

Abstract Many bird species avoid traditional traps such as mist nets, thus alternative trapping methods are often needed. The Rufous Hornero (Furnariidae: Furnarius rufus) is one such species that was captured so far using conventional mist netting in rural areas or using nest-targeted traps, which risk nest damage and abandonment. Here we describe the novel rise-up mist-netting (RUM) protocol and its catchability for the wary and territorial Rufous Hornero in an urban area. The RUM trap allowed us quickly capturing 40 Rufous Hornero individuals even in paved parking lots and streets during the bird’s breeding period. The RUM is an active and targeted protocol that demands a single and quickly trainable field assistant. Therefore, it should also enable the capture of many understudied territorial but wary species. Moreover, it has enough mobility to fit studies in urban areas, and whenever researchers may deal with limited space and, at the same time, should reduce negative visual impacts to the general public of birds’ capturing and banding procedures.

RESUMO Esse estudo objetivou avaliar sazonalmente a histomorfometria do epidídimo de Dermanura cinerea (Gervais, 1856) em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica no nordeste do Brasil. Foram utilizados 18 espécimes machos adultos capturados por redes de neblina. As coletas ocorreram mensalmente ao longo de dezoito meses, durante duas noites consecutivas e os dados meteorológicos foram fornecidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Depois de eutanasiados, os espécimes tiveram os epidídimos coletados e esses órgãos foram fixados e processados. As lâminas histológicas foram coradas por Hematoxilina - Eosina e analisadas em microscopia óptica. Os parâmetros morfométricos analisados foram as áreas do túbulo, do lúmen e do epitélio das regiões do segmento inicial, cabeça, corpo e cauda do epidídimo. Os dados histomorfométricos obtidos foram submetidos às análises no teste U de Mann-Whitney. Os resultados revelaram que D. cinerea apresentou espermatozoides em todas as regiões do epidídimo, exceto no segmento inicial. As maiores médias das áreas tubular, do lúmen e do epitélio nas quatro regiões, foram constatadas durante os meses secos. Portanto, D cinerea apresentou maior sensibilidade na região da cauda do epidídimo, ao longo dos meses com baixos índices pluviométricos. Isso indica que as condições ambientais apresentam considerável influência sobre a morfofisiologia epidídimária dessa espécie, sobretudo, em relação ao armazenamento de espermatozoides na cauda desse órgão, em área de Mata atlântica do nordeste brasileiro.

ABSTRACT Description and seasonal variation in epididymal histomorphometry of Dermanuracinerea (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in a fragment of the Atlantic Forest in the Northeastern Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate seasonal patterns in the histomorphometry of the epididymis of Dermanura cinerea (Gervais, 1856) in a fragment of the Atlantic Forest in the Northeastern Brazil. Eighteen adult male specimens captured by mist net were used. The field-work occurred monthly over 18 months, during two consecutive nights. Meteorological data (precipitation) were obtained from the National Institute of Meteorology. After euthanasia, specimens had the epididymis collected, which were fixed and processed. The histological slides produced were stained by Hematoxylin - Eosin and analyzed by optical microscopy. The morphometric parameters analyzed were the tubular, lumen and epithelium areas, of the regions of the initial segment, caput, corpus and cauda of the epididymis. The histomorphometric data were submitted to the Mann-Whitney U test analyzes. The results showed that D. cinerea presented spermatozoa in all regions of the epididymis, except in the initial segment. The highest averages of the tubular, lumen and epithelial areas in the four regions were observed during the dry months. Therefore, D cinerea presented greater sensibility in the region of the cauda of the epididymis, during the months with low rainfall indices. This indicates that environmental conditions have considerable influence on the epididymal morphophysiology of this species, especially in relation to the storage of sperm in the tail of this organ, in area of Atlantic forest in northeastern Brazil.

Abstract Faunal inventories provide quantitative and qualitative data for different sites and are relevant sources of information for identifying areas of high species richness and endemism. Biological collections are important in this context for increasing the precision of species identification. The objectives of this study were to update the list of bat species of Ilha Grande by analyzing specimens in zoological collections as well as records obtained in areas where no such studies had been undertaken before; to compare five different studies conducted on Ilha Grande using mist net sampling; and to compare the results of studies on Ilha Grande with sampling results from other areas in Rio de Janeiro state. The occurrence of 36 bat species was confirmed for Ilha Grande. Five studies on Ilha Grande formerly conducted by the authors were compared with 34 fauna inventories in Rio de Janeiro state. The studies on Ilha Grande had distinct objectives and sampling techniques applied to different locations in the same area. Ilha Grande is one of the regions in Rio de Janeiro state with more bat records both in terms of abundance and number of species, as well as one of the areas of highest bat capture effort.

Abstract Semiplumbeous Hawk (Leucopternis semiplumbeus) preys on lizards, snakes, amphibians, mammals, birds, and arthropods. However, there is no information about which bird species compose its diet. This paper presents the first record of a Semiplumbeous Hawk preying on a Red-throated Ant-Tanager (Habia fuscicauda) in Costa Rica, while both were tangled in a mist net. Apparently, the hawk took advantage of the tanager being entangled in the mist net to capture it. This report contributes to the knowledge about the natural history of two species that share a similar habitat.

Resumen El Gavilán Dorsiplomizo (Leucopternissemiplumbeus) se alimenta de lagartijas, serpientes, anfibios, mamíferos, aves y artrópodos. Sin embargo, no hay información sobre qué especies de aves componen su dieta. Este artículo presenta el primer registro de un Gavilán Dorsiplomizo depredando a la Tangara Hormiguera Gor- girroja (Habiafuscicauda) mientras ambos estaban enredados en una red de niebla. Aparentemente, el halcón se aprovechó de la tangara enredada en la red de niebla para capturarla. Este informe contribuye al conocimiento sobre la historia natural de dos especies que comparten un hábitat similar.

RESUMEN Hay distintas razones científicas que apoyan la recolección de aves en Colombia, un país megadiverso pero con una modesta inversión en ciencia. Pese al valor de las colecciones biológicas para el estudio riguroso de la biodiversidad, la información sobre costos monetarios de recolectar especímenes es escasa. Presentamos resultados de la cuantificación del costo de obtener especímenes de aves durante tres expediciones en Santander (municipios de Cimitarra, El Carmen de Chucurí y Santa Bárbara), Colombia, en 2018. Tras un esfuerzo de muestreo de 1290 horas/red y recolecta ocasional con una pistola de aire, obtuvimos 300 especímenes pertenecientes a 117 especies de 30 familias, una de las series más grandes de la historia de la exploración ornitológica del departamento de Santander. Reportamos diferencias entre expediciones en cuanto a la tasa de captura con redes de niebla, así como diferencias en los tamaños de los taxones recolectados mediante redes de niebla y pistola de aire. Discutimos los resultados en el contexto de otras expediciones ornitológicas en Colombia, comentando algunos aspectos de la biología de especies relevantes (e.g., Crypturellus erythropus, Megascops petersoni, Pyrilia pyrilia, Coeligena prunellei y Conopophaga castaneiceps). El costo que calculamos para obtener y curar un espécimen, incluyendo tejidos para análisis moleculares futuros, es de ~$60,4 dólares estadounidenses (~$196 176 pesos colombianos), costo que se encuentra dentro del rango para obtener especímenes de otros taxones en otros países. Estos costos deben considerarse como una inversión al capital científico, debido a que los especímenes brindarán información biológica por cientos de años.

ABSTRACT Several scientific reasons support continuing bird collection in Colombia, a megadiverse country with modest science financing. Despite the recognized value of biological collections for the rigorous study of biodiversity, there is scarce information on the monetary costs of specimens. We present results for three expeditions conducted in Santander (municipalities of Cimitarra, El Carmen de Chucurí, and Santa Barbara), Colombia, during 2018 to collect bird voucher specimens, quantifying the costs of obtaining such material. After a sampling effort of 1290 mist net hours and occasional collection using an airgun, we collected 300 bird voucher specimens, representing 117 species from 30 families. Such collection represents one of the largest series obtained during the historical ornithological exploration of Santander. We report differences among expeditions regarding the capture rate in mist nets, as well as differences in the sizes of taxa collected by mist nets and airgun. We discuss results in the context of previous ornithological expeditions in Colombia, commenting issues on the biology of some species, particularly those considered as noteworthy records (e.g., Red-legged Tinamou [Crypturellus erythropus], Cinnamon Screech Owl [Megascopspetersoni], Saffron-headed Parrot [Pyriliapyrilia], Black Inca [Coeligena prunellei], and Chestnut-crowned Gnateater [Conopophaga castaneiceps]). We calculated that the costs of obtaining and curating a specimen in Colombia, including tissues for molecular analysis, was ~US$60.4 (~$196 176 COP), which is among published costs of obtaining voucher specimens in other taxa and countries. These costs must be considered an investment in scientific capital because voucher specimens will provide biological information for hundreds of years.

Morcegos filostomídeos são localmente abundantes, ecologicamente diversos, e formam ricas assembleias. Eles fornecem serviços ecossistêmicos essenciais, cuja disponibilidade pode mudar ao longo do ano por flutuações na sua abundância. Nos reportamos aqui a uma assembleia de filostomídeos estudada na Reserva Biológica União (RBU), uma área com grande diversidade no sudeste do Brasil. Apresentamos uma avaliação da variação sazonal de perfis de diversidade para os componentes alfa e beta, assim como da abundância das espécies mais comuns. Variação espacial na riqueza e diversidade de filostomídeos também foi investigada a partir de dados publicados de três sítios próximos. Baseado em uma amostra de 786 capturas em redes de neblina e registros a partir do monitoramento de abrigos, a assembleia de filostomídeos da RBU inclui pelo menos 19 espécies, duas das quais reconhecidas nacionalmente como ameaçadas de extinção (Lonchorhina aurita e Lonchophylla peracchii). O perfil de diversidade da RBU mostrou-se fortemente influenciado pelas espécies mais comuns, sendo um dos mais ricos da região mas pouco diverso em função da distribuição pouco equitativa. Os perfis de diversidade alfa indicaram a ausência de diferenças sazonais. Os perfis de diversidade beta para análises espaciais e sazonais mostraram que as assembleias locais se comportam como subconjuntos de uma única assembleia, sugerindo uma relativa homogeneidade de recursos nessas dimensões. Em nível populacional, entretanto, variações sazonais já esperadas foram confirmadas (e.g., Artibeus spp. e C. perspicillata). A frequência elevada de Sturnira tildae na RBU diferencia esse site dos demais aqui analisados, reforçando sua importância para a conservação.

Phyllostomids are locally abundant, ecologically diverse, and form rich assemblages. They also provide essential ecosystem services, which may change along the year in response to changes in bat abundances. Here we report on a phyllostomid assemblage studied at Reserva Biológica União (RBU), an Atlantic Forest area with outstanding diversity in southeastern Brazil. We assessed seasonal variation in diversity profiles for alpha and beta components, as well as in the abundance of the most common species. Spatial variation in phyllostomid diversity profiles and components was also assessed, using published information from three nearby sites. Based on a sample of 786 mist net captures and records from monitored roosts, the phyllostomid assemblage at RBU was found to include at least 19 species, two of which recognized as endangered at the national level (Lonchorhina aurita and Lonchophylla peracchii). The diversity profile for RBU was heavily influenced by common species and was one of the richest but less diverse in the region due to its uneven distribution. The diversity profiles suggested no seasonal differences in alpha diversity. Beta diversity profiles for spatial and seasonal analyses showed that samples behaved as subsets of a single assemblage, suggesting a relative homogeneity of resources in these dimensions. At the population level, however, some expected seasonal variation in abundance was confirmed (e.g., in Artibeus spp. and in Carollia perspicillata). The high relative frequency of Sturnira tildae at RBUdifferentiated this site, thus reinforcing its conservation importance.

ResumoRedes-de-neblina podem ser abertas a diferentes alturas na floresta, mas raramente são usadas acima de 3 m do chão. Usamos dois diferentes métodos para comparar riqueza, abundância relativa de espécies e estrutura trófica da assembleia de aves da Ilha Grande (com a padronização de 290 indivíduos): redes convencionais no nível do solo (0-2,4 m de altura) e redes bandeira (0-17 m) com um sistema de ajuste de altura (modificado de Humphrey et al., 1968) que denominamos redes verticalmente móveis. Houve diferenças significativas nas frequências de capturas entre os métodos em cerca de 20% das espécies (teste Qui-quadrado, P<0,05), e os dois métodos capturaram diferentes assembleias. Redes de neblina no nível do solo registraram menos espécies, e comparativamente superestimaram principalmente espécies insetívoras de Suboscine, e subestimaram frugívoras e nectarívoras. Métodos diferentes de amostragem usados em uma mesma localidade podem resultar em uma diagnose bem distinta da avifauna presente, tanto qualitativa como quantitativamente. Recomendamos que estudos envolvendo amostragens com redes-de-neblina incluam os estratos superiores para representar mais acuradamente a avifauna na Mata Atlântica.

AbstractMist nets may be opened at different heights in the forest, but they are seldom used over 3 m above the ground. We used two different methods to compare species richness, composition, and relative abundance and trophic structure of the bird assemblage at Ilha Grande (with a 290 birds standardization): conventional ground-level nets (0-2.4 m height range) and elevated nets (0-17 m) with an adjustable-height system (modified from Humphrey et al., 1968) that we call vertically-mobile nets. There were significant differences in capture frequencies between methods for about 20% of the species (Chi-squared test, P<0.05), and the two methods caught different assemblages. Ground-level nets recorded less species, and they comparatively overestimated mainly Suboscine insectivores and underestimated frugivores and nectarivores. Different sampling methods used at the same location may result in very different diagnoses of the avifauna present, both qualitatively and quantitatively. We encourage studies involving mist net sampling to include the upper strata to more accurately represent the avifauna in Atlantic Forest.

Biodiversity conservation within natural protected areas (NPAs) is not always efficient and sufficient, despite its achievements as one of the most consolidated conservation tools. In this work, we discuss the pertinence to consider information produced beyond a NPA for the design and implementation of its management programme with a regional conservation perspective. We do this through a comparative exercise of the information produced on the avifauna within and outside the NPA. Within this framework, we present advances in our knowledge of bird diversity in a temperate forest at the Rancho Santa Elena (RSE), a private property in the Sierra de las Navajas, next to El Chico National Park (ECNP), in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. Since 2005, we have recorded 90 bird species from mist net sampling, non-systematic transect sampling, and incidental observations. We estimate that this species richness represents approximately 70% of the expected species richness. In contrast, in ECNP 74 species have been recorded since 1974, of which at least eight are incorrect or probably incorrect. Additionally, in the RSE we have recorded a larger diversity of trophic-behavioural guilds and Mexican endemic species than in ECNP. Inventories and the production of knowledge beyond NPAs can be important inputs for the definition and implementation of their management strategies, which must have a regional conservation perspective.

La conservación de la biodiversidad dentro de las áreas naturales protegidas (ANP) no siempre es eficiente y suficiente, no obstante sus logros como uno de los instrumentos más consolidados de conservación. En este trabajo discutimos la pertinencia de considerar la información generada más allá de un ANP para elaborar e implementar su programa de manejo con una perspectiva de conservación regional; esto, a través de un ejercicio de comparación de la información generada sobre la avifauna dentro y fuera del ANP. En este marco, presentamos los avances en el conocimiento de la diversidad de aves en el bosque templado del Rancho Santa Elena (RSE), un conjunto predial ubicado en la Sierra de las Navajas, próximo al Parque Nacional El Chico (PNEC), en el estado de Hidalgo, México. Desde 2005 a la fecha hemos registrado 90 especies de aves a partir de muestreos con redes de niebla, del recorrido no sistemático de senderos y de observaciones incidentales. Estimamos que esta riqueza de especies representa aproximadamente el 70% de la riqueza esperada en el sitio. En contraste, en el PNEC se han registrado 74 especies desde 1974, de las cuales al menos ocho representan registros incorrectos o probablemente incorrectos. Asimismo, en el RSE hemos registrado una mayor diversidad de gremios trófico-conductuales y de especies endémicas a México que las registradas en el PNEC. Los inventarios y la generación de conocimiento más allá de las ANP pueden ser insumos importantes en la definición e implementación de sus estrategias de manejo, las cuales deben tener una perspectiva de conservación regional.

Embora muito utilizado com a finalidade de estimar a abundância de espécies de aves, pontos de escuta e redes de neblina seguem protocolos desenvolvidos em regiões temperadas, com pouca atenção para modificações para sistemas tropicais. Para averiguar por quanto tempo é necessária amostragem por pontos de escuta para o registro da maior parte da avifauna (ao menos 90% de todas as espécies e indivíduos), assim como para determinar se as capturas com redes de neblina em intervalos de 1 h detectam igualmente números de espécies e indivíduos, ambas as metodologia foram utilizadas a cada três meses entre dezembro de 2009 e janeiro de 2011 em dois fragmentos florestais do sudeste do Brasil. Quatro pontos de escuta de 20 min conduzidos durante cinco dias consecutivos acumularam 90% da riqueza estimada após 20 h (60 pontos de 20 minutos) em uma mata ombrófila densa (MC), enquanto 17 h (51 pontos de 20 minutos) foram insuficientes para o registro da mesma porcentagem de espécies em uma mata semidecidual (IT). Os primeiros 5 min dos pontos de escuta detectaram significativamente mais espécies em MC (63% do total de espécies) e em IT (65%) em comparação com os minutos restantes, mas foram necessários 15 min para o registro de 86% do total de contatos em ambas as florestas. Cinco dias consecutivos (~ 9 h/dia) com redes de neblina abertas resultaram em 70,5 horas-rede/m² (MC) e 74,8 horas-rede/m² (IT) de esforço amostral, de modo que 80 a 85% do número estimado de espécies foram capturados. Embora curvas de acumulação não tenham apresentado tendência à estabilização do número de espécies observado, o número de espécies estimado demonstrou assíntota a partir das primeiras 20 h em ambas as florestas. Não houve diferença significativa na captura de espécies ou indivíduos entre horários de revisões a cada hora, mas notou-se uma tendência na qual tais parâmetros mostraram-se mais elevados entre as segundas e quartas revisões do dia. Redes de neblina abertas durante três dias (43,8 e 63,3 horas-rede/m² em MC e IT, respectivamente) foram suficientes para o registro de 90% das espécies capturadas. Essa diminuição do esforço amostral não prejudicou a estimativa do número de espécies, ao passo que o número de indivíduos capturados diminuiu em 34% em MC e 38% em IT. As revisões até as 1100 h capturaram 90% de todas as espécies registradas com redes de neblina em ambos os fragmentos, porém 67% de todos os indivíduos foram capturados até este horário. Nossos resultados demonstram que o inventário e a estimativa de abundância da avifauna nessas localidades requerem delineamentos únicos, os quais devem ser testados antes do início da coleta de dados com pontos de escuta ou redes de neblina.

Despite their wide use in ornithological surveys, point counts and mist nets follow protocols developed in temperate regions, with little attention to possible modifications for tropical systems. Using these methods on a 3-month basis from December 2009-January 2011 in two forest fragments in southeastern Brazil, we wished to evaluate how long these locations needed to be surveyed with point counts for a relatively complete avifaunal inventory (at least 90% of all species and contacts), and if mist net hourly captures can equally detect numbers of species and individuals. Daily counting with four 20-min points during five consecutive days in a rain forest (MC) detected 90% of the estimated species richness after 20 h (60 20-min point counts), while 17 h (51 20-min point counts) did not detect 90% of the estimated species richness in a semideciduous forest (IT). The first 5 min of point counting in MC (63% of all species) and in IT (65%) detected significantly more species than the remaining minutes, but it took 15 min to accumulate 86% of all contacts in both forests. Consecutive 5-day mist netting (~ 9 h/day) resulted in 70.5 net-h/m² (MC) and 74.8 net-h/m² (IT) of sample effort, but 80-85% of the estimated number of species was obtained. Although accumulation curves showed no tendency towards stabilization of the number of observed species, the estimated number of species began to stabilize after the first 20 h in both forests. There was no significant difference in capture rates for both species richness and abundance among hourly net checks, but a trend in which these parameters were highest between the second and fourth checks of the day was observed. A 3-day (43.8 and 63.3 net-h/m²) mist netting section was enough to record 90% of the species captured during five days in MC and IT, respectively, while precise enough not to jeopardize species richness estimation. The number of individuals, however, decreased order 34% in MC and 38% in IT under the same conditions. Considering the number of net checks, 90% of the estimated species richness was captured until the 1100 h check in both remnants, while 67% of all individuals were captured until this same hour. Our results demonstrate that surveying the avifauna in these locations will require unique approaches, which must be tested before the beginning of point counting or net opening.

From an ecological point of view, fire has a positive effect on wildlife and their habitat in fire dependant ecosystems and under fire regimes not very altered. There are very few studies regarding the effects of fire on birds in Mexico The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of fire on the richness and diversity of birds in oak-pine woodland in Chignahuapan, Puebla State, Mexico, under three different conditions: 1st) not recently burned (more than five years, C1); 2nd) burned the year before at low severity (C2) and 3rd) burned the year before at high severity (C3). For bird sampling, circular lots and mist nets were used, as well as taxonomic keys for bird identification. Results lead to the record of 30 species of birds, which belong to six orders and 20 families; 22 of those species are grouped in C1, 12 in C2 and 10 in C3. Bird diversity was determined by the Shannon-Wiener index for each condition. According to the t Hutchenson test, differences were confirmed between C2 (2.079) and C3 (1.040), from the mist net method and from the circular plots, differences were recorded for C1 (2.198) and C3 (1.850). Based on the aforementioned results, it is concluded that fire is an ecological factor that causes significant changes in richness and diversity of birds on the short run.

Desde el punto de vista ecológico, los incendios tienen efectos positivos sobre la vida silvestre y su hábitat en ecosistemas mantenidos por el fuego y bajo regímenes poco alterados. En México prácticamente no se ha estudiado su impacto en la avifauna. En el presente trabajo se evaluó su influencia en la riqueza y diversidad de aves en un bosque de encino-pino de Chignahuapan, Puebla, bajo tres condiciones: 1ª. No quemado recientemente (más de cinco años, C1); 2ª. Quemado un año antes a baja severidad (C2) y 3ª. Quemado un año antes con alta severidad (C3). Para llevar a cabo el muestreo, se aplicaron los métodos de parcelas circulares y de red de niebla, además, se siguieron las claves correspondientes para identificación de avifauna. Los resultados condujeron al registro de 30 especies de aves, pertenecientes a seis órdenes y 20 familias; 22 de dichas especies se agrupan en C1, 12 en C2 y 10 en C3. Se estimó la diversidad de la avifauna con el índice de Shannon-Wiener para cada condición. Con base en la prueba t Hutchenson, se verificaron diferencias en diversidad entre C2 (2.079) y C3 (1.040) a partir de la red de niebla; y, con las parcelas circulares, C1 (2.198) difirió de C3 (1.850). Con base en los resultados encontrados, se concluye que el fuego es un factor ecológico que provoca cambios importantes en la diversidad y riqueza de aves a corto plazo.

The bat fauna of Chiapas, is one of the most studied of Mexico, and representing about 77% of the bat species reported to the country. Although, low attention have received the bats from the Selva-Norte region (located in the Plains of the Gulf of Mexico, the Chiapas Mountains and the northern portion of Lacandona). With the objective of obtain a comprehensive list of the bat species of this region, we captured bats in 130 sites using mist-nets in Palenque Chiapas from February 2008 to May 2010. Capture sites were located in the large patch of natural vegetation that included the Palenque National Park (PNP), as well as isolated fragments of vegetation in different succession stages, live fences, riparian corridors and induced grasslands, located 1 to 14 kilometers north to the Park. With a sampling effort of 432 mist net hours/night, we recorded 52 bat species (10 species classified as habitat-dependent, 26 vulnerable to fragmentation and 16 fragmentation tolerant). Some of the not previously recorded in the Palenque area were Noctilio leporinus, Mimon crenulatum, Chiroderma salvini, Myotis californicus, M. elegans, Rhogeessa tumida, Molosus rufus and M. sinaloae. Results of this study show that the bat diversity found in Palenque, represents 42% of the Mexican bat fauna, making the PNP and its periphery, as an important area for the conservation of this mammalian group.

La fauna de murciélagos de Chiapas, una de las más estudiadas del país, representa cerca del 77% de las especies registradas para México. Sin embargo, se ha prestado poca atención a los murciélagos de la región selva-norte, área convergente entre la Planicie del Golfo, la Sierra Chiapaneca y la porción más norteña de la Selva Lacandona. Con el objetivo de complementar el listado de las especies de la Región Selva Norte, entre febrero de 2008 y mayo de 2010 se capturaron murciélagos en 130 sitios mediante redes de niebla en Palenque, Chiapas. Los muestreos se realizaron en el continuo de vegetación del Parque Nacional Palenque (PNP) y en fragmentos aislados de vegetación en diferente grado de sucesión, así como en cercas vivas, corredores riparios y pastizales inducidos, localizados desde 1 hasta 14 kilómetros al norte del Parque. Con un esfuerzo de muestreo de 432 m-red/noche, en 130 noches se registraron 52 especies de murciélagos; 10 catalogadas como especies hábitat-dependientes, 26 vulnerables a la fragmentación y 16 tolerables a la fragmentación. Entre las especies registradas se encuentran Noctilio leporinus, Mimon crenulatum, Chiroderma salvini, Myotis californicus, M. elegans, Rhogeessa tumida, Molosus rufus y M. sinaloae que no se habían registrado previamente en la zona. Los resultados de este trabajo muestran que la diversidad de murciélagos encontrada en Palenque representa el 42% de la fauna de quirópteros mexicanos, por lo que el PNP y su periferia deben considerarse como área focal para la conservación de este grupo de mamíferos.

We report noteworthy bird records of Anous stolidus, Stellula calliope, Sphyrapicus varius, Myiopagis viridicata, Dendroica pensylvanica and Pheucticus ludovicianus from central Sinaloa, most of them obtained during mist net surveys. At first sight the records seem to be vagrants, but the severe habitat modification of Sinaloa's coastal zone could be facilitating the dispersal of some species. The absence of previous records for some of these species in Sinaloa might be due to low observation effort rather than to increases in the distribution range for these species.

Reportamos registros meritorios de Anous stolidus, Stellula calliope, Sphyrapicus varius, Myiopagis viridicata, Dendroica pensylvanica y Pheucticus ludovicianus del centro de Sinaloa. La mayoría de las aves fueron capturadas con redes de niebla. Aunque los registros parecen ser de individuos vagabundos, podría ser que la severa modificación del hábitat de la zona costera de Sinaloa esté facilitando la dispersión de algunas especies. La ausencia de registros previos de estas especies parece estar más relacionada con un bajo esfuerzo de observación que con incrementos en la distribución geográfica de las especies.