Abstract This article delves into the considerable influence of generation Y, or millennials, on purchase behaviour and brand interactions. Their focus on creating a better world, combined with their status as digital natives, has spurred changes in e-commerce and corporate practices. This generation prioritises environmental and social concerns, compelling companies to adopt honesty and transparency in their products, processes, and values. Millennials are inclined to support brands that demonstrate social responsibility, sustainability, and ethical practices. Consequently, brand values have become pivotal, shaping consumer perceptions and behaviours. These values reflect the beliefs and principles a brand embodies, significantly impacting consumer perceptions and behaviours toward it. The study aims to investigate how IKEA’s brand values influence the purchase decisions of Portuguese millennial consumers. A questionnaire survey was conducted, employing a quantitative methodology, yielding 402 responses from IKEA consumers. The primary findings reveal that IKEA Portugal’s values notably influence the purchase decisions of millennial consumers, particularly those related to value for money, sustainability, social responsibility, and community support.

Resumo O presente artigo aborda a influência significativa da geração Y ou dos millennials no comportamento de compra e nas interações com a marca. O foco desta geração num mundo melhor e o facto de serem nativos digitais impulsionou mudanças no e-commerce e na forma como as empresas operam. Esta trata-se de uma geração preocupada com o planeta e com o futuro, que conseguiu forçar honestidade e transparência das empresas acerca dos seus produtos, processos e valores. Os millennials estão mais propensos a apoiar marcas que priorizam a responsabilidade social, a sustentabilidade e as práticas éticas. Os valores da marca ganharam destaque, moldando as perceções e o comportamento do consumidor. Esses valores representam as crenças e os princípios que a marca defende e têm um impacto significativo nas perceções dos consumidores sobre esta e o comportamento em relação a ela. O objetivo deste estudo é explorar como os valores da marca IKEA afetam as decisões de compra dos consumidores millennials portugueses. Foi utilizada uma metodologia quantitativa, com a aplicação de um inquérito por questionário, através do qual se obteve 402 respostas junto dos consumidores da marca IKEA. As principais conclusões indicam que os valores da IKEA Portugal impactam significativamente as decisões de compra dos consumidores millennials, especialmente as relacionadas com a relação qualidade-preço, sustentabilidade, responsabilidade social e apoio às comunidades.

ABSTRACT One of the components with the greatest effect on the development of a venture is that which refers to the characteristics of the entrepreneur. The objective of the research work was to survey the age group of agricultural entrepreneurs in Paraguay. First, a documentary bibliographic review was carried out, taking official data regarding the age composition of the country. In the field stage, a quantitative approach has been taken, with an exploratory scope, applying the data collection instrument to a total of 51 owners of agricultural enterprises. Its design is non-experimental quantitative. Of the farms studied, 96% are within the dimensions established to be considered in the range of Peasant Family Agriculture. All ventures have less than 10 people involved. 96% run a family-type business. The academic training with the highest percentage among these is primary and secondary. 35% of those surveyed belong to Generation It is the older generations that prevail on the country's agricultural farms. Generation X is the one with the highest participation in the sample, occupying just over a third. This could be expected to be the preeminent generation in terms of the direction of agricultural enterprises in the future decade.

RESUMEN Uno de los componentes con mayor efecto en el desarrollo de un emprendimiento es el que respecta a las características del emprendedor. El trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo sondear el grupo etario de los emprendedores agropecuarios en el Paraguay. Primeramente, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica documental tomando datos oficiales con respecto a la composición etaria del país. En la etapa de campo, se ha tenido un enfoque cuantitativo, con un alcance exploratorio, aplicando el instrumento de levantamiento de datos a un total de 51 propietarios de emprendimientos agropecuarios. El diseño del mismo es no experimental cuantitativa. De las fincas estudiadas el 96% se encuentra dentro de las dimensiones establecidas para ser consideradas en el rango de la Agricultura Familiar Campesina. Todos los emprendimientos cuentan con menos de 10 personas involucradas. En un 96% dirigen un emprendimiento de tipo familiar. La formación académica con mayor porcentaje entre estos es la primaria y secundaria. El 35% de los encuestados pertenece a la Generación X, 26% Millennial, 27% Baby Boomers y 12% a la Generación Z. Si bien la generación Millennial es la Generación predominante a nivel laboral en la actualidad, los resultados prueban que son aun las Generaciones de más edad las que prevalecen en las fincas agropecuarias del país. La Generación X es la de mayor participación en el caso de la muestra ocupando poco más de la tercera parte. Se podría esperar que esta sea la generación preeminente en cuanto a la dirección de los emprendimientos agropecuarias en la futura década.

Higher Education needs to be reimagined considering the exciting developments within virtual reality and artificial intelligence. As a new generation, Generation Alpha, better known as Gen Alpha,1 is preparing for higher education, and educators are challenged to create opportunities to meet their needs. In this study, we explore an existing paradigm, scenario planning, but within an unfamiliar context - the future of higher education. We pose the question: What are the possible future scenarios within higher education that will appeal to the Gen Alpha student and a millennial parent in a post-pandemic world? As a result, we present a scenario matrix with four learning and teaching models forecast to be successful in 2030 in higher education institutions. These four learning and teaching models are based on two axes: Social connect vs social disconnect in learning and teaching and a single career option or multiple career options as the end goal for the student. Respondents of this longitudinal study are millennial parents of Gen Alpha students. Results indicate that the three main themes that will influence the learning and teaching models of the future are learning spaces and places, glass learning, and techceptance. In line with the three themes, the three major findings were that (1) millennial parents are open to hybrid learning approaches, (2) learning on screens is important, but it should be regulated and based on set standards, and lastly (3) millennial parents are accepting technology (techceptance) as a supportive tool and learning place in higher education. Overall, there was a positive shift in perspectives on higher education regardless of the impact of the pandemic. The outcomes of the research will assist higher educational institutions to strategically align the learning and teaching offerings with the needs and resources of the future student, namely Gen Alpha.

ORIENTATION: South African higher education institutions (HEIs) face significant challenges in attracting and retaining younger-generation academics. This results in a critical shortage of a talented pool of scholars required for succession and the sustainability of HEIs over the longer term. RESEARCH PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the factors affecting the retention of millennial academics in South Africa. MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: The retention of millennial academics is essential to the success of HEIs. Research on the factors affecting the retention of this cohort of academics is scarce despite their growing importance in sustainable HEI practice. RESEARCH APPROACH/DESIGN AND METHOD: The study adopted a cross-sectional qualitative research approach using semi-structured interviews to collect the data. The sample included 14 millennial academics representing various public HEIs in South Africa. Thematic analyses were applied to analyse the data. MAIN FINDINGS: The findings showed that five factors should be considered to retain millennial academics: career and growth opportunities, work environment, rewards, leadership and work-life balance. PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: The study concluded that an integrated talent retention strategy should be developed that, at a minimum include opportunities for career development, employee growth, healthy employee-employer relationships, employee support and market-related compensation to retain millennial academics. CONTRIBUTION/VALUE-ADD: This research contributes to the limited knowledge of the factors affecting the retention of millennial academics.

Abstract The social networks have become virtual spaces that facilitate interaction between individuals and allow the sharing of personal and professional information. Upon identifying this characteristic, companies to take advantage of it to attract customers, leaving traditional communication actions to develop digital strategies that would allow them to position their products and services, so that they could build closer ties with users in this context, the present research aims to analyze whether recommendations on social networks influence the purchase intention of generations Y (millennials) and Z (centennials). Two types of recommendations were considered: online reviews and those made by opinion leaders; it was also determined whether the electronic word of mouth (eWOM) effect influences purchase intention. A quantitative methodology with an explanatory scope was used to review a sample of 388 participants, who are between 25-39 years old (generation Y) and 15-24 years old (generation Z). The results showed that the purchase intention of millennials is influenced by eWOM, online reviews and opinion leaders; similarly the purchase intention of centennials is influenced by eWOM and opinion leaders, however, in the case of this group, online reviews have no impact.

Resumen Las redes sociales se han convertido en espacios virtuales que facilitan la interacción entre individuos y permiten compartir información de índole personal y profesional. Al identificar esta característica, las empresas se apresuraron a aprovecharla para captar clientes, dejando las acciones de comunicación tradicional para desarrollar estrategias digitales que les permitieran posicionar sus productos y servicios, de manera que llegaran a construir vínculos más cercanos con los usuarios. En este contexto, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar si las recomendaciones en las redes sociales influyen sobre la intención de compra de las generaciones Y (millennials) y Z (centennials). Se consideraron dos tipos de recomendaciones: las reseñas en línea y las realizadas por los líderes de opinión; asimismo, se determinó si el efecto del electronic word of mouth (eWOM) influye en la intención de compra. Se empleó una metodología con un enfoque cuantitativo con un alcance explicativo, se revisó una muestra de 388 participantes, los cuales se encuentran entre 25-39 años (generación Y) y 15-24 años (generación Z). Los resultados mostraron que la intención de compra de los millennials se ve influenciada por el eWOM, las reseñas en línea y por los líderes de opinión; de manera similar la intención de compra de los centennials se ve influenciada por el eWOM y los líderes de opinión, sin embargo, en el caso de este grupo, las reseñas en línea no tienen impacto.

The da'wah [invitation to Islamic teachings] movement of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah al-Nahdhiyah, abbreviated as ASWAJA al-Nahdhiyah, formerly centred around elderly, rural, and traditional populations, has now expanded its influence to encompass the millennial demographic. The evolving landscape of time and technological advancements present novel challenges in effectively communicating the da'wah message to a generation deeply immersed in the digital era. Millennials exhibit distinct communication preferences and characteristics compared to previous generations, necessitating tailored approaches to disseminate da'wah content that resonates with their context and needs. This research aimed to achieve two primary objectives: firstly, to identify emerging forms of new traditions within the ideological reinforcement of ASWAJA al-Nahdhiyah among millennials, and secondly, to analyse the underlying factors contributing to these novel traditions within the millennial context. Employing a qualitative approach, this study utilised nethnography as its methodological framework, seeking to understand cultural experiences encompassing traces, practices, networks, and social media systems. By combining various research approaches for data collection, analysis, and interpretation, the study shed light on the reinforcement efforts that give rise to diverse new traditions. The findings highlighted that the reinforcement endeavours, including the appropriation of media platforms and the emphasis on education, cadre development, and intensive mentorship within millennial domains, significantly contribute to the acceptance and affiliation towards ASWAJA al-Nahdhiyah. Moreover, these efforts serve as a counterforce against the proliferation of radical ideologies, safeguarding the traditional religious views amid the rapid globalisation of religious understanding and transnational da'wah movements in Indonesia. CONTRIBUTION: This article advanced our understanding of the evolving dynamics within the ASWAJA al-Nahdhiyah movement, particularly its adaptation to contemporary communication channels and its strategic engagement with young audiences amid the changing religious landscape in Indonesia

Résumé Dans Trop grand pour échouer : les Millennials en marge, les auteurs abordent la question de la répartition des compétences au sein de la génération Millennial, en se concentrant sur la taille et les caractéristiques démographiques des millennials aux États-Unis d'Amérique qui ont un faible niveau de compétences de littératie et de numératie, ainsi qu’aux impacts de ces faibles compétences sur les relations sociales et les résultats économiques. Elles le font, en partie, en examinant la question des « jeunes déconnectés », un terme généralement appliqué aux personnes âgées de 16 à 24 ans qui ne sont pas employées ou ne participent pas en éducation ou en formation formelle. Depuis la Grande Récession de 2008, les recherches dans ce domaine s’intéressent de plus en plus à ces « jeunes déconnectés », qui, selon certaines estimations, représentent environ 6 millions de jeunes adultes aux États-Unis. Ces recherches se sont concentrées sur leur niveau d'éducation et leur participation au marché du travail. Bien qu’utile, cette approche est limitée de deux manières. Premièrement, elle se concentre uniquement sur les jeunes adultes, à une époque où la transition vers l’âge adulte est plus longue. Deuxièmement, elle repose sur le principe selon lequel l’emploi et/ou plus éducation sont des facteurs garantis d’entrée dans la classe moyenne et d’amélioration des résultats de vie. Les auteurs se demandent si cette hypothèse est appropriée dans les circonstances actuelles et suggèrent que considérer les jeunes adultes uniquement en termes de liens avec le marché du travail ou l'éducation formelle pourrait sous-estimer l'ampleur des défis auxquels nous sommes confrontés et fausser notre compréhension des politiques nécessaires pour changer la direction actuelle.

Resumen En Demasiado grande para fallar: La Generación Millennial en los márgenes, las autoras abordan la cuestión de cómo se distribuyen las competencias de la populación Millennial, centrándose en el tamaño y las características demográficas de los millennials en los Estados Unidos de América que tienen bajas competencias de comprensión lectora y matemática, así como en el impacto en las relaciones sociales y los resultados económicos de estas bajas competencias. Lo hacen, en parte, examinando la cuestión de los “jóvenes desconectados”, un término que normalmente se aplica a personas de entre 16 y 24 años que no están empleadas ni participan en educación o capacitación formal. Desde la Gran Recesión de 2008, la investigación en este campo se ha centrado cada vez más en estos “jóvenes desconectados”, que, según algunas estimaciones, representan aproximadamente 6 millones de adultos jóvenes en Estados Unidos. El foco de estas investigaciones ha estado en su nivel educativo y participación en el mercado laboral. Aunque útil, este enfoque tiene dos limitaciones. En primer lugar, se centra únicamente en los adultos más jóvenes, en un momento en que la transición a la edad adulta es más larga. En segundo lugar, se basa en la premisa de que el empleo y/o más educación superior son factores garantizados para el ingreso a la clase media y mejores resultados en la vida. Las autoras cuestionan si esta suposición es apropiada en las circunstancias actuales y sugieren que mirar a los adultos jóvenes sólo en términos de conexiones con el mercado laboral o la educación formal puede subestimar la escala de los desafíos que enfrentamos y distorsionar nuestra comprensión de las políticas necesarias para cambiar la dirección actual.

Abstract In Too Big to Fail: Millennials on the Margins, the authors return to the question of how skills are distributed across the millennial population, focusing on the size and demographic characteristics of U.S. millennials with low literacy and numeracy skills, and the resulting impact on social and economic outcomes. They do this in part by examining the issue of “disconnected youth”, a term typically applied to those ages 16-24 who are not employed or engaged in formal education or training. Since the Great Recession of 2008, researchers have become increasingly concerned with these disconnected youth who, according to some estimates, represent approximately 6 million young adults in the United States. The focus of this research has been on their educational attainment and labor market participation. While helpful, this approach is limited in two ways. First, it focuses on only our youngest adults at a time when the transition to adulthood is more prolonged. Second, it is based on the premise that employment and/or more education are assured catalysts for entry into the middle class and improving life outcomes. The authors question whether this assumption is appropriate to current circumstances; they suggest that looking at young adults only in terms of ties to the labor market or formal education may underestimate the scope of the challenges that we face and may skew our understanding of the policies needed to alter our course.

Resumo Em Grande demais para falhar: A Geração Millennial nas margens, as autoras abordam a questão de como as competências se encontram distribuídas no seio da Geração Millennial, concentrando-se na dimensão e características demográficas dos millennials dos Estados Unidos da América que apresentam baixas competências de literacia e numeracia, bem como no impacto nas relações sociais e resultados económicos dessas baixas competências. Fazem-no, em parte, examinando a questão dos “jovens desconectados”, um termo normalmente aplicado às pessoas com idades compreendidas entre os 16 e os 24 anos que não estão empregadas nem envolvidas em educação ou formação formal. Desde a Grande Recessão de 2008, a investigação neste âmbito tem-se preocupado cada vez mais com estes “jovens desconectados”, que, de acordo com algumas estimativas, representam aproximadamente 6 milhões de jovens adultos nos EUA. O foco destas pesquisas tem incidido sobre o seu nível educacional e a participação no mercado de trabalho. Embora útil, esta abordagem é limitada, em dois sentidos. Em primeiro lugar, centra-se apenas nos adultos mais jovens, numa época em que a transição para a idade adulta é mais prolongada. Em segundo lugar, baseia-se na premissa de que o emprego e/ou mais educação são impulsionadores garantidos de entrada na classe média e de melhoria dos resultados de vida. As autoras questionam se esta suposição é apropriada às circunstâncias atuais e sugerem que olhar para os jovens adultos apenas em termos de ligações ao mercado de trabalho ou à educação formal pode subestimar a dimensão dos desafios que enfrentamos e distorcer a nossa compreensão das políticas necessárias para alterar o rumo atual.

ABSTRACT The purpose was to diagnose the equipment and the use of ICTs in the teaching and learning process in teachers and students of the Information Sciences and Social Communication Career of the Catholic University of Cuenca (Ecuador). The research approach used was qualitative-quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional. The sample population consisted of 10 teachers (between 40 and 53 years old) and 103 students from the first to the tenth cycle (between 17 and 36 years old). The instruments for obtaining data was the closed questionnaire established on the Likert scale and as a complement it was the observation guide, both structured in three components: 1) Structure and use of technology. 2) Perceptions on the use of technological tools and 3) Technological equipment, their obtaining of information was generated based on a bibliographic tracking and analysis in academic search engines, magazines, conferences and seminars; as well as in scientific databases, which allowed to provide an analysis of the essential elements for the study of research, where it is determined that students have a greater use of communication technologies in relation to that of their teachers, since that students, being in a millennial system, have better knowledge and skills, since in their generation of the eighties they have an act of technological knowledge, social and ethical values.

RESUMEN El objetivo fue diagnosticar el equipamiento y el uso de las TIC’s en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje en los docentes y estudiantes de la Carrera de Periodismo de la Universidad Católica de Cuenta (Ecuador). El enfoque de la investigación empleado fue de corte mixto (cualitativo-cuantitativo), de tipo descriptivo y diseño transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 10 docentes (entre 40 a 53 años) y 103 estudiantes del primero al décimo ciclo (entre 17 a 36 años). Los instrumentos para la obtención de datos fue el cuestionario de tipo cerrado y establecido en escala de Likert y como complemento fue la guía de observación, ambos estructurados en tres componentes: 1) Estructura y uso de la tecnología. 2) Percepciones sobre el uso de las herramientas tecnológicas y 3) Equipamiento tecnológico, su obtención de información se generó en base a un rastreo y análisis bibliográfico en buscadores académicos, revistas, congresos y seminarios; así como también en bases de datos científicas, que permitió proporcionar un análisis en los elementos indispensables para el estudio de la investigación, donde se determina que los estudiantes tienen en un mayor uso de las tecnologías de la comunicación en relación al de sus docentes, puesto que los estudiantes al estar en un sistema 'millennials' tienen un mejor conocimiento y destrezas, ya que en su generación de los ochenta estos cuentan con un acto grado de conocimiento tecnológico valores sociales y éticos.

Resumo Desde 1988, as empresas sociais de café orgânico de comércio justo (ESCs) no México vendem seu produto no mercado internacional, que tem barreiras regulatórias crescentes que o tornam cada vez mais inacessível. Como resultado, os CSCs precisam aumentar suas vendas no mercado interno mexicano, mas, para isso, é necessário primeiro avaliar e encontrar áreas de oportunidade para os CSCs operarem nesse mercado. Foi feita a adaptação e a apropriação de metodologias referentes ao contexto dos CSCs. As informações foram coletadas por meio de três guias de entrevista e de uma pesquisa dirigida à gerência, à equipe de torrefação, às vendas e à promoção, bem como aos membros dos CSCs. Os sites e as páginas de mídia social das ESCs também foram analisados. Os resultados foram apresentados aos CSCs para discussão. Eles identificam a necessidade de gerar sinergias entre o trabalho das áreas de torrefação, vendas e promoção para garantir um desempenho comercial mais eficaz e eficiente nos CSCs estudados, e é necessária uma presença maior dessas áreas na mídia digital. É evidente a importância dos princípios, dos objetivos e das pessoas na operação das próprias empresas e na confluência com os interesses das gerações milennial e Z, os principais impulsionadores do aumento do consumo de café no México.

Abstract Since 1988, organic fair trade social coffee enterprises (SCE) in Mexico have been selling their product in the international market, which has increasing regulatory barriers that make it increasingly inaccessible. Because of this, the SCE need to increase their sales in the Mexican domestic market, but to do so, it is first necessary to assess and find areas of opportunity for the operation of SCE in that market. Adaptation and appropriation of methodologies related to the context of SCE was carried out. The information was collected through three interview guides and a survey directed to management, roasting, sales and promotion personnel, as well as partners of the SCE. SCE social media and web pages were also reviewed. The results were presented to the SCEs for discussion. They identify the need to generate synergies between the work of the roasting, sales and promotion areas to ensure a more effective and efficient business performance in the SCE studied and a greater presence of these in digital media is required. The importance of the principles, objectives and people in the operation of the companies themselves as well as in the confluence with the interests of the millennial and Z generations, the main drivers of the increase in coffee consumption in Mexico, are evident.

Resumen Desde 1988 las empresas sociales cafetaleras de comercio justo orgánico (ESC) de México venden su producto en el mercado internacional, el cual tiene crecientes barreras de normatividad que lo vuelve cada vez más inaccesible. Debido a ello, las ESC requieren incrementar sus ventas en el mercado nacional mexicano, pero, para ello, primero se necesita valorar y encontrar áreas de oportunidad de funcionamiento de las ESC en dicho mercado. Se realizó adaptación y apropiación de metodologías referentes al contexto de las ESC. La información se recopiló por medio de tres guías de entrevistas y una encuesta dirigidas a personal directivo, de tostado, de ventas y de promoción; así como a socios y socias de las ESC. También, se revisaron páginas digitales y de redes sociales de las ESC. Los resultados fueron presentados con las ESC, para su discusión. Estos identifican la necesidad de generar sinergias entre el trabajo de las áreas de tostado, ventas y promoción para asegurar un desempeño empresarial más eficaz y eficiente en las ESC estudiadas y se requiere de mayor presencia de ellas en los medios digitales. Se evidencia la importancia de los principios, objetivos y personas, tanto en el funcionamiento de las empresas, como en la confluencia con intereses de las generaciones milenial y Z, principales impulsoras del incremento de consumo de café en México.

Abstract The objective of this research is the socioeconomic characterization of agricultural and livestock enterprises in the Central Chaco. The methodology used has a quantitative approach, with a descriptive scope, applying the data collection instrument to a total of ten agricultural producers. Its design is non-experimental quantitative. Fifty percent of the owners belong to the Millennial generation. The academic formation with the highest percentage (40%) among these is secondary school. Seventy percent are family businesses. Of the farms studied, 80% are within the dimensions established to be considered in the range of Peasant Family Farming, which is up to 500 hectares for this region. The main activity is meat farming, exceeding 71% of the activity carried out. Most of the Income comes from the sale of animals for meat, with a participation of 77%.

Resumen El trabajo de investigación tuvo por objetivo la caracterización socioeconómica de emprendimientos agroganaderos del Chaco Central. La metodología utilizada fue con un enfoque cuantitativo, de alcance descriptivo, aplicando el instrumento de levantamiento de datos a un total de diez productores agropecuarios. El diseño fue no experimental cuantitativa. Los propietarios, en un 50%, son de la generación Millennial. La formación académica con mayor porcentaje entre estos es la secundaria, con 40%. El 70% son emprendimientos del tipo familiar. De las fincas estudiadas el 80% se encuentra dentro de las dimensiones establecidas para ser consideradas en el rango de la Agricultura Familiar Campesina, el cual es de hasta 500 hectáreas para esta región. La actividad principal es la ganadería de carne superando el 71% de la actividad realizada. Los ingresos en mayor medida provienen de la venta de animales para carne, con una participación del 77%.

Traditional medicines utilization has been significantly increased over the past years. Knowledge on traditional medicine use and its influencing socio-culture and health problem factors especially among generationally-related group in Indonesia is still limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and the association socio-culture and health problems factors and traditional medicine use among adults which were middle-aged (millennial) and elder-adult (generation X) in Indonesia while controlling other covariates. of traditional medicine use among This cross-sectional study used the data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey wave 5 (2014): a cross-sectional national population survey. This national survey used a multistage stratified random sampling to select the respondents to response to a structured questionnaire interview. There were 10,325 adults passed our inclusion criteria for the analysis. The adult who was born between1960 to 1982 was called the Gen X, whereas the Millennia is for those who were born between 1983 and 2000. A multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the association. Among 10,325 respondents, 78.42 % were millennial while 21.58 % were generation x or older adults. nbsp;Less than a quarter of the respondents used traditional medicine (13.37 %; 95% CI: 12.73-14.04). The factor significantly associated with traditional medicine used among Indonesian adults were; be Gen X (adj. OR = 1.24, 95%CI= 1.08 -1.43), female (adj.OR1.27, 95%CI: 1.13 to 1.43, plt;0.001) Islamic (adj. OR = 1.91, 95%CI= 1.47 -2.36), married (adj. OR = 1.64, 95%CI= 1.44 -1.87),lived in urban area (adj. OR = 1.48, 95%CI= 1.31-1.68). Other covariate were unhealthy (adj.OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.18-1.1.58), experienced headache (adj.OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.31-1.47),nbsp; experienced stomachache (adj.OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.12-.47), and experienced fever (adj.OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.15- 1.47). Sociocultural and age group as well as health problems were associated with traditional medicine use.

Resumen Esta investigación pretende analizar la influencia del optimismo sobre la preparación tecnológica y las experiencias de co-creación en las experiencias de consumo de la generación millennial en los parques temáticos de Disney, así como su relación con el deleite del cliente. Se llevó a cabo una investigación cuantitativa. La muestra obtuvo 530 encuestados y se utilizó el Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales para el análisis de los datos. Los resultados indican que las experiencias de consumo de los millenial están vinculadas a factores no evidenciados anteriormente por otras generaciones, como las experiencias de co-creación y el optimismo por la preparación tecnológica, lo que aumenta el grado de estas experiencias y puede conducir al deleite del consumidor. cocreación co creación Disney cliente cuantitativa 53 datos generaciones consumidor 5

Abstract This research aims to analyse the influence of optimism on technology readiness and co-creation experiences in the consumption experiences of the millennial generation at Disney's theme parks as well as their relationship to customer delight. Quantitative research was carried out. The sample obtained 530 respondents, and the Structural Equation Modeling for data analysis was used. The results indicate that the consumption experiences of the Millenials are linked to factors not previously evidenced by other generations, such as the co-creation experiences and the optimism for technological readiness, which increase the degree of these experiences and can lead to consumer delight. On a practical level, it is worth highlighting the importance of theme park marketing teams understanding the behaviour of the millennial consumer, given his/her continuous growth in purchasing power compared to other generations. cocreation co creation Disneys Disney s delight out 53 respondents used generations level hisher his her 5

Resumo Esta pesquisa visa analisar a influência do otimismo na prontidão tecnológica e nas experiências de co-criação nas experiências de consumo da geração millenium nos parques temáticos da Disney, bem como sua relação com o encantamento do cliente. Foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa. A amostra obteve 530 respondentes e foi utilizada a Modelagem da Equação Estrutural para análise de dados. Os resultados indicam que as experiências de consumo dos Millenials estão ligadas a fatores não evidenciados anteriormente por outras gerações, tais como as experiências de co-criação e o otimismo para a prontidão tecnológica, o que aumenta o grau dessas experiências e pode levar ao encantamento do consumidor. cocriação co criação Disney cliente quantitativa 53 dados gerações consumidor 5

PURPOSE: The aim of this research was to test the assumption of differences between leadership styles adopted by leaders across generations, as perceived by their subordinates, on the premise that millennials hold different values from other generations, and that these values, in turn, have an impact on their leadership styles DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: This research was conducted in South Africa, in a variety of organisations, and by sampling employees across three generations, namely millennials, Generation X and baby boomers. Cross-sectional data were collected with an instrument based on the Pearce leadership typology of leadership styles. After confirming reliability and general factorial validity, mean scores were compared using analyses of variance FINDINGS/RESULTS: The results of the study found practically significant differences between millennial leaders and Generation X leaders in the extent to which they apply empowering and transformational leadership styles, as perceived by their subordinates. In absolute terms, millennial leaders display less leadership behaviour than do those of Generation X, with regard to these leadership approaches PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Organisations involved in the development of millennial leaders should be aware that interventions should not blindly align to the stereotypes associated with this generation. Further research is also needed to determine which leadership styles are effective with millennial leaders ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The millennial generation has emerged in the workplace as the new leadership pipeline, yet there appears to be a lack of research on how millennials want to lead. This study contributes to a nuanced understanding of and improved development of the millennial generation leaders

BACKGROUND: Bedside teaching is a key component of a positive learning environment where non-technical skills and professional attributes can be taught. It is also one of the few ways to transfer professionalism: a core competency in a health science curriculum. This study investigated the experiences and perceptions of optometry students on bedside teaching to improve its effectiveness, and tailor it to the needs of the millennial generation students. AIM: This study aimed to determine the experiences and perceptions of optometry students on bedside teaching (apprenticeship) during an ocular pathology clinic. SETTING: The study was done at the Department of Optometry at the University of the Free State, South Africa. METHODS: A qualitative case study was undertaken. All 17 final-year optometry students (N = 17) were invited to participate. Data were collected using an open-ended questionnaire. Content analysis was used to analyse the experiences and perceptions of the participants RESULTS: Bedside teaching is a generally well-perceived experience from the student's perspective. The role of the supervisor was mentioned as the critical factor that facilitated learning, specifically learning by observing the application of theory and handling and treatment of the patient. CONCLUSION: This study showed that millennial students perceived bedside teaching positively and provided valuable insights into this teaching and learning method in an undergraduate optometry clinical education setting. Experiential learning benefited these millennial students who prefer learning by observation. CONTRIBUTION: A blueprint for the learning triad in bedside teaching is provided for optometry educators to apply this teaching and learning method successfully according to the needs of the current generation of students.

In the current era of disruption, causality cannot be opposed to religion, so the independence of reason can contribute to the development of contemporary global thought in the Islamic world. This paper seeks to uncover the roots of the periodization of the philosophy of Islamic rationalism in the view of Zaki Naquib Mahmud. The primary data source is three books titled Arabiy baina Tsaqafatain, Tajdid Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, and Al-Ma'qul wa al-La Ma'qul fi Turatsina al-Fikribaik. Research data is a discourse that contains elements of religion and rationalism. The process of collecting data in this study is by studying literature and tracking various references related to the study's focus. Data analysis techniques are carried out by the method of content analysis. Data validity using a triangulation model, by comparing data and relevant theory. The result of this study is that there are five phases of periodization of the philosophy of Islamic rationalism in the perspective of Zaki Naquib Mahmud, namely simple thinking [misykat] represented by Ali ibn Abi Talib; the lamp of reason [misbah] is characterized by the occurrence of philosophical debates about leadership and the great sin; the lamp glass [Zujajah al Misbah] is marked by the appearance of Bayt al-Ḥikmah in Baghdad; the luminous star [kaukab durriy] represented by the emergence of the Brotherhood of ash Shafa; and the endowed tree [syajarah mubarakah]. In this last phase, Zaki Naquib Mahmud positioned Ibn Rushd's rationalism as an appropriate representation so as not to regress, even allowing for the realization of the renaissance in the Islamic world. This reflection of thought is expected to be able to inspire the millennial generation of Muslims about the importance of the philosophy of rationalism in the Islamic tradition CONTRIBUTION: This article contributed to the goal of HTS Theological Studies to promote transdisciplinary aspects of religious studies in the international theological arena on philosophy in literary texts