RESUMEN La industria del tabaco, como cualquier otra, es participe del producto interno bruto y la generación de empleo en cualquier país. No obstante, los gobiernos han establecido mecanismos fiscales para erradicar su consumo, debido a las enfermedades que ocasiona como cáncer pulmonar, bronquitis crónica; lo que puede llevar a la muerte. En este sentido, se propone una aplicación de un modelo de externalidades para la producción de tabaco en México. Se obtuvieron dos mecanismos para la erradicación del tabaco, uno de ellos implica que las empresas disminuyan salarios de los trabajadores por el aumento de impuestos; el segundo, aumentar precios del tabaco permitiendo que las empresas equilibren su presupuesto. Ambos mecanismos implican un desajuste presupuestal para los ciudadanos, pero el segundo es una solución socialmente optima, pues solo se ven afectados los consumidores de tabaco y no así los que dependen del empleo y salario de la empresa.

ABSTRACT The tobacco industry, like any other, is a participant in the gross domestic product and the generation of employment in any country. However, governments have established fiscal mechanisms to eradicate its consumption, due to the diseases it causes such as lung cancer, chronic bronchitis; what can lead to death. In this sense, an application of an externalities model for tobacco production in Mexico is proposed. Two mechanisms were obtained for the eradication of tobacco; one of them implies that companies reduce workers' wages due to the increase in taxes. A second is to increase tobacco prices allowing companies to balance their budget. Both mechanisms imply a budget imbalance for citizens, but the second is a socially optimal solution, since only tobacco users are affected and not those who depend on the company's employment and salary.

Abstract Entheogens have emerged in clinical research as an alternative pharmacological solution for Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) because they possess rapid and enduring antidepressant and anxiolytic effects and mitigate suicidal ideation. Furthermore, they induce positive emotions and elicit mystical or spiritual experiences, attributes that may contribute to their therapeutic efficacy, given the protective influence of mysticism and religiosity against depression. This narrative review aims to discuss the extant evidence concerning the utilization of entheogens in TRD, provide an up-to-date understanding of the research landscape and to elucidate the mechanisms of action of compounds such as psilocybin, DMT, LSD, ketamine, esketamine, and cannabinoids. The effectiveness of entheogens in the management of depression has been consistently validated in clinical trials. Nonetheless, it is imperative to recognize our limited understanding of potential adverse effects, particularly in the long term, despite data supporting its acute tolerability.

Resumen Los enteógenos han surgido en la investigación clínica como un tratamiento alternativo para la Depresión Resistente al Tratamiento (DRT). Tienen efectos antidepresivos rápidos y duraderos, son ansiolíticos, y mitigan la ideación suicida. Además, inducen emociones positivas y provocan experiencias místicas o espirituales, atributos que pueden contribuir a su eficacia terapéutica, dada la influencia protectora del misticismo y la religiosidad contra la depresión. Esta revisión narrativa tiene como objetivo discutir la evidencia existente sobre la utilización de enteógenos en la DRT, proporcionar una comprensión actualizada del panorama de la investigación y discutir los mecanismos de acción de compuestos como la psilocibina, DMT, LSD, ketamina, esketamina y cannabinoides. La eficacia de los enteógenos en el manejo de la depresión ha sido validada consistentemente en los ensayos clínicos. No obstante, es imperativo reconocer nuestra limitada comprensión de los posibles efectos adversos, especialmente a largo plazo, a pesar de los datos que sustentan su tolerabilidad aguda.

Resumen (Objetivo) El estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar bajo la mirada de la teoría APOE (acción, proceso, objeto y esquema), la producción de estudiantes de educación secundaria al aboradar 11 ítems relacionados con la función exponencial. (Metodología) El enfoque fue de corte cualitativo, a través del análisis de contenido. La muestra fue de 15 estudiantes (entre 15 a 18 años), nominados de manera no probabilística con interés de obtener la mayor cantidad de información. Para el diseño del instrumento intencionado desde la teoría, se construyó una descomposición genética hipotética del concepto de función exponencial como objeto cognitivo de acuerdo con las estructuras (acción, proceso, objeto y esquema) y mecanismos mentales (interiorización, coordinación, encapsulación, desencapsulación, reversión), para interpretar la construcción mental que realizan los estudiantes sobre la función en estudio, con base en su desarrollo histórico epistemológico, la presentación en textos escolares y la experiencia del investigador. (Resultados) En el nivel de resultados se evidenció que 13 estudiantes muestran una concepción acción de la función estudiada y 2 estudiantes que llegaron a construir el concepto como proceso. (Conclusiones) Se concluye que los estudiantes construyen el concepto de función exponencial como acción, es decir, todo lo relacionado con procesos repetitivos y mecánicos con potencias, cálculo de imágenes, representación gráfica, solución de ecuaciones exponenciales, incluso algunos estudiantes dan respuesta a los ítems sin realizar explícitamente todos los pasos requeridos en la resolución. Dichos resultados evidencian ausencia de un proceso mental de la función exponencial y por consecuencia la encapsulación de él en el objeto función exponencial.

Resumo (Objetivo) O objetivo do estudo foi examinar, soba perspectiva da teoria APOE (ação, processo, objeto e esquema), a produção de alunos do ensino médio ao lidarem com 11 itens relacionados à função exponencial. (Metodologia) A abordagem foi qualitativa, por meio de análise de conteúdo. A amostra consistiu em 15 alunos (com idades entre 15 e 18 anos), nomeados em uma base não probabilística com o objetivo de obter o máximo de informações possível. Para a elaboração do instrumento baseado na teoria, foi construída uma decomposição genética hipotética do conceito de função exponencial como objeto cognitivo, de acordo com as estruturas (ação, processo, objeto e esquema) e os mecanismos mentais (internalização, coordenação, encapsulamento, desencapsulamento, reversão), a fim de interpretar a construção mental feita pelos alunos sobre a função em estudo, com base no seu desenvolvimento epistemológico histórico, na apresentação em textos escolares e na experiência do pesquisador. (Resultados) Em nível de resultados, ficou evidente que 13 alunos apresentam uma concepção de ação da função estudada e 2 alunos que conseguiram construir o conceito como um processo. (Conclusões) Conclui-se que os alunos constroemo conceito de função exponencial como uma ação, ou seja, tudo o que está relacionado a processos repetitivos e mecânicos com potências, cálculo de imagens, representação gráfica, solução de equações exponenciais, inclusive alguns alunos dão respostas aos itens sem realizar explicitamente todos os passos exigidos na resolução. Esses resultados mostram a ausência de um processo mental da função exponencial e, consequentemente, o encapsulamento dele no objeto da função exponencial.

Abstract (Objective) The objective of this study was to examine, in the light of the APOS theory (action, process, object, and schema), the results produced by secondary school students when addressing 11 items related to the exponential function. (Methodology) The approach was qualitative, using content analysis. The sample consisted of 15 students between 15 and 18 years old, chosen in a non-probabilistic way to obtain the greatest amount of information. Based upon the theory, an instrument was designed which consisted of a hypothetical genetic decomposition of the concept of exponential function as a cognitive object, according to structures (action, process, object and schema) and mental mechanisms (interiorization, coordination, encapsulation, decapsulation, and investment), to interpret the mental construct that students create about the function being studied, based on its historical epistemological development, its presentation in school textbooks and the experience of the researcher. (Results) At the level of results, it was found that 13 students showed an action conception of the function being studied and 2 students built the concept at the process level. (Conclusion) Students most often built the concept of an exponential function at the action level, that is, everything related to repetitive and mechanical processes with powers, image calculation, graphic representation, solution of exponential equations; some students even responded to the items without explicitly performing all the steps required for their resolution. These results demonstrated the absence of a mental process related to the exponential function and its consequent encapsulation into an exponential function object.

Digital information and data are crucial drivers of progress in various industries, including mining, where data-driven decision making optimizes resource extraction, enhances safety, and ensures sustainability. The adoption of digital technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things has amplified the importance of digital information. However, the integrity and security of this information are paramount, leading to the exploration of blockchain technology as a potential solution for secure digital value exchange in mining. This research examines blockchain's capabilities, drawing insights from its applications in sectors like banking, government, healthcare, and entertainment, and evaluates their relevance to mining's core value chain processes. The study identifies blockchain's distributed ledger technology, cryptographic security, and decentralization as unique advantages that can revolutionize mining by enhancing transaction speed, reducing costs, and improving supply chain transparency and compliance with sustainability standards. Blockchain's transparent and auditable records can enhance business transparency, fostering trust among stakeholders, including investors and regulatory bodies. The technology's consensus mechanisms and smart contracts further promote trust in collaborative ventures. This research provides a foundational understanding for decision-makers in the mining industry to evaluate blockchain's feasibility and potential return on investment, guiding strategic planning and resource allocation for blockchain applications. By leveraging blockchain, mining companies can optimize operations, improve sustainability practices, and establish a robust foundation for future growth, positioning blockchain as a transformative technology in the sector.

Resumen Se discute la validez de la memoria disociativa en contextos forenses y las causas de las llamadas "guerras de la memoria". Conceptos erróneos entre la psicología clínica y la psicología forense, una definición deficiente de la amnesia y las dificultades inherentes en el estudio de recuerdos traumáticos contribuyen a la persistencia de esta controversia. Particularmente en el campo de la psicología forense, el debate podría atribuirse a la falta de consenso sobre la evidencia científica. Los psicólogos necesitan establecer una base empírica para comprender mejor los mecanismos de la memoria involucrados en recordar y olvidar recuerdos traumáticos. Se esboza el Modelo de Accesibilidad Continua de la Memoria para explicar la recuperación de los diferentes grados de accesibilidad a los recuerdos autobiográficos basados en diferentes factores.

Abstract The validity of dissociative memory in forensic contexts and the causes of the so-called "memory wars" are discussed. Misconceptions between clinical and forensic psychology, a deficient definition of amnesia, and the difficulties inherent in studying traumatic memories contribute to the persistence of this controversy. Particularly in the field of forensic psychology, the debate could be attributed to the lack of consensus on scientific evidence. Psychologists need to establish an empirical foundation to understand better the mechanisms of memory involved in remembering and forgetting traumatic memories. The Continuous Accessibility Model of Memory is outlined to explain the retrieval of the different degrees of accessibility to autobiographical memories based on different factors.

ABSTRACT Currently, heterogeneous management affects the operation of networks in many organizations, causing economic losses and the degradation of the quality of their services. This situation gives way to the need for integrated management, hampered by the presence of multiple integration mechanisms that are incompatible with each other. A possible solution found for this was the use of APIs, in order to ensure that the management information offered by the different managers can be integrated into a single application. The great diversity of existing APIs in the market and the non-existence of a guide for their most appropriate use make the design and deployment of an integrated management system based on them a complicated task. In order to solve the aforementioned difficulties, this paper proposes a procedure to implement integrated management through the use of APIs, which starts from the search for the objectives of the organization, to achieve the deployment of a solution that responds faithfully to them. Said procedure allows to point out, from its first steps, important requirements from the analysis of the types of data that are handled in the solution in question. The usefulness of the proposed procedure was verified through its application in an entity.

RESUMEN Actualmente, la gestión heterogénea afecta el funcionamiento de las redes en muchas organizaciones, provocando pérdidas económicas y la degradación de la calidad de los servicios de las mismas. Esta situación da paso a la necesidad de realizar gestión integrada, obstaculizada por la presencia de múltiples mecanismos de integración incompatibles entre sí. Una posible solución encontrada para esto fue el empleo de APIs, con el fin de lograr que la información de gestión que ofrecen los diferentes gestores, pueda ser integrada en una aplicación única. La gran diversidad de APIs existentes en el mercado y la no existencia de una guía para su empleo más adecuado, hacen el diseño y despliegue de un sistema integrado de gestión basado en ellas, una tarea complicada. En aras de solucionar las dificultades mencionadas, en este trabajo se propone un procedimiento para lograr implementar la gestión integrada mediante el empleo de las APIs, el cual parte de la búsqueda de los objetivos de la organización, para lograr el despliegue de una solución que responda de manera fiel a los mismos. Dicho procedimiento permite puntualizar, desde sus primeros pasos, importantes requerimientos a partir del análisis de los tipos de datos que se manejan en la solución en cuestión. La utilidad del procedimiento propuesto se comprobó mediante de su aplicación en una entidad.

RESUMEN En Cuba la formación de especialistas en automática se realiza mediante la carrera de Ingeniería en Automática que tiene dentro de sus disciplinas fundamentales, la disciplina Sistemas de Control. Para el desarrollo de prácticas de laboratorios, los estudiantes trabajan en dispositivos físicos o remoto, presencial o a distancia mediante Sistemas de Laboratorios Remoto. Sin embargo, los Sistemas de Laboratorios Remoto no implementan mecanismos de control de acceso para impedir que los estudiantes se enfrenten a las prácticas de laboratorios sin las habilidades necesarias. La presente investigación presenta una solución a la problemática planteada a partir del desarrollo de un modelo para la toma de decisiones sobre el control de acceso a las prácticas de laboratorios. La propuesta es descrita mediante un flujo de trabajo en cuatro componentes y se emplean técnicas de inteligencia artificial para modelar el conocimiento causal con la utilización de Mapas Cognitivos Difusos. Para la validación de los resultados se combinaron varios métodos y técnicas encaminados a comprobar la hipótesis planteada. El diseño experimental propuesto demostró la correlación de las variables de la investigación.

ABSTRACT In Cuba, the training of specialists in automation is carried out through the Automation Engineering career that has Control Systems as one of its fundamental disciplines. For the development of laboratory practices, students work on physical or remote devices, face-to-face or remotely through Remote Laboratory Systems. However, Remote Laboratory Systems do not implement access control mechanisms to prevent students from facing laboratory practices without the necessary skills. This research presents a solution to the problem raised from the development of a model for decision-making on access control to laboratory practices. The proposal is described through a workflow in four components and artificial intelligence techniques are used to model causal knowledge with the use of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps. For the validation of the results, several methods and techniques were combined aimed at verifying the proposed hypothesis. The proposed experimental design demonstrated the correlation of the research variables.

Carbon dioxide and the related species bicarbonate and carbonate are known for centuries and are deeply involved with modern chemistry knowledge from the beginning. Carbonic acid, by its turn, was intuited more than a century before being synthesized for the first time, which was not obtained, however, without stumbles and mistakes. The equilibrium between HCO3− and CO32− in aqueous medium is free of disputes. However, the interconversion of the other three species is rather controversial. Several papers starting in the beginning of the 19th century until the present days are critically reviewed in order to understand the controversial history of the CO2/H2O system. Finally, experimental evidence and theoretical calculations allow us to place HCO3− as the central species as the conjugate acid for CO32− and conjugate base for two different acids: H2CO3 and CO2. turn time obtained however mistakes HCO3 HCO CO32 CO disputes However th CO2H2O COHO CO2 H2O H O system Finally acids H2CO CO3 HO

Abstract In this work we evaluate the physical-mechanical behavior of lateritic soil with addition of carbon nanotubes. The soil was collected in a commercial deposit located in Rio Branco – AC and later characterized through particle size tests, X-Ray Diffraction, X-Ray Dispersion Spectroscopy and Tropical Compressed Miniature essay. The dispersion of nanotubes in solution was carried out and the size of the nanoparticles was verified using Dynamic Light Spreading - DLS, Zeta Potential and PDI. Three percentages of additions (0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2%) of carbon nanotubes were evaluated and compared with the control group according to the parameters of Atterberg limits, real density, dry density maximum and optimum humidity. The results indicate that the soil has a clayey behavior with a medium texture, with the presence of clay mineral kaolinite in its composition and silicon and iron oxides. The dispersion of carbon nanotubes reached particles with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 68.9 nm and Zeta Potential of -24.87 mV and PDI of 0.231, characterizing a solution as moderately dispersed and kinetically stable. The results of the liquidity limit and plasticity tests showed a reduction of 10 and 13%, respectively, with the addition of carbon nanotubes, while for the parameters of plasticity index, real specific mass, maximum dry density and optimal moisture, they did not show significant variation. Carbon nanotubes interact with soils with lateritic behavior, and further studies are essential to better understand the mechanisms behind this interaction. physicalmechanical physical mechanical XRay X Ray Diffraction essay DLS 0.05%, 005 0 05 (0.05% 01 1 0.1 0.2% 02 2 limits humidity texture oxides 689 68 9 68. 24.87 2487 24 87 -24.8 0231 231 0.231 stable 13 13% respectively index mass moisture variation interaction 0.05% 00 (0.05 0. 0.2 6 24.8 248 8 -24. 023 23 0.23 0.05 (0.0 24. -24 0.0 (0. -2 (0 (

Abstract Sorption and desorption tests were carried out for competitive and non-competitive systems with isotherms to verify the presence of Cd and Pb in soils. The soils investigated were: (i) with natural content of organic matter and (ii) with residual content of organic matter. Hydrated nitrate salts of Cd and Pb diluted in 0.01 M calcium nitrate solution in six concentrations were used for the Cd solutions and, for the solutions of Pb, five concentrations. For multi-element solutions, mixtures of the simple Cd and Pb solutions in a 1:1 ratio were used. The results of the first stage tests (i) showed good adjustments of the experimental data to the isotherms of Langmuir, Freundlich and Linear, which did not occur for the tests in stage (ii). According to the tests (i), the organic matter was the soil attribute of dominant influence in the sorting mechanisms. The parameters Qo and Kd were adequate to evaluate the adsorption of the studied metals, especially Cd. In step (ii), there was a significant increase in metal retention, especially for element Pb in the samples of Haplic Cambisol (AM) and Red-Yellow Latosol1 (RO), justified by the combined action of (1) increasing the surface area of the mineral fraction, previously covered by organic matter; and (2) increase in soil pH. The Cd element was more bioavailable in relation to the Pb. This was confirmed by the high desorption values observed for Cd. The samples of Haplic Cambisol and Red-Yellow Latosol demonstrated greater capacity to retain Cd and Pb. noncompetitive non i (i ii (ii 001 0 01 0.0 multielement multi 11 1 1: Langmuir Linear ii. . i, , mechanisms metals ii, retention AM (AM RedYellow Red Yellow RO, RO (RO) (1 fraction 2 (2 pH 00 0. (RO (

Abstract The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the potential of different fluoridated varnishes to inhibit the progression of incipient caries lesions after cariogenic challenge. Seventy-five enamel specimens of bovine teeth were prepared and selected based on the initial surface microhardness (SMH). The specimens were first subjected to artificial demineralization (in buffer solution) after which SMH was re-analyzed (SM1). They were then randomly assigned to five experimental groups: 1- CONTROL (pH cycling), 2 - MI VAR (MI Varnish with RECALDENTTM - CPP-ACP), 3 - PROFL (Profluorid®), 4 - CLIN (ClinproTM White Varnish with TCP), and 5 - DUR (Duraphat®) (n=15). The varnishes were applied in a thin layer and the specimens were then subjected to pH cycling for eight days. The SMH and cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) were then analyzed (SM2). The fluoride and calcium ion concentrations in the solution were analyzed by the indirect method and atomic absorption spectrophotometry, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed by Student’s t-test, ANOVA/Tukey-Kramer, or Kruskall-Wallis/Dunn tests for individual comparisons (p˂0.05). All varnishes led to significantly higher surface and subsurface remineralization compared with the control group but did not differ from each other. The varnishes with the highest fluoride release were: PROFL and CLIN, followed by MI VAR and DUR. The varnishes with significantly higher release of calcium were: DUR, CLIN, and PROFL. In conclusion, all commercial fluoridated varnishes tested have good potential to inhibit the progression of demineralization, regardless of the ion release mechanisms. challenge Seventyfive Seventy SMH. . (SMH) reanalyzed re SM1. SM1 SM (SM1) groups 1 cycling, , cycling) CPPACP, CPPACP CPP ACP CPP-ACP) Profluorid®, Profluorid Profluorid® (Profluorid®) ClinproTM TCP, TCP TCP) Duraphat® Duraphat (Duraphat® n=15. n15 n n=15 15 (n=15) days crosssectional cross sectional CSMH (CSMH SM2. SM2 (SM2) spectrophotometry respectively Students Student s ttest, ttest t test, test t-test ANOVA/TukeyKramer, ANOVATukeyKramer ANOVA/Tukey Kramer, ANOVA Tukey Kramer ANOVA/Tukey-Kramer KruskallWallis/Dunn KruskallWallisDunn Kruskall Wallis/Dunn Wallis Dunn p˂0.05. p005 p p˂0.05 0 05 (p˂0.05) other conclusion mechanisms (SMH (SM1 CPP-ACP (Profluorid® (Duraphat n1 n=1 (n=15 (SM2 TukeyKramer ANOVA/TukeyKramer ANOVATukey KruskallWallis WallisDunn p00 p˂0.0 (p˂0.05 (SM (Profluorid n= (n=1 p0 p˂0. (p˂0.0 (n= p˂0 (p˂0. (n p˂ (p˂0 (p˂ (p

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi avaliar o potencial de diferentes vernizes fluoretados em inibir a progressão de lesões de cárie incipientes. Setenta e cinco espécimes de esmalte de dentes bovinos foram preparados e selecionados com base na microdureza superficial inicial (MDS/SM). Os espécimes foram submetidos à desmineralização artificial (em solução de Buskes), sendo então a MDS (SM1) reanalisada. Foram então distribuídos aleatoriamente em cinco grupos experimentais: 1- CONTROLE (pH cycling), 2 - MI VAR (MI Varnish with RECALDENTTM - CPP-ACP), 3 - PROFL (Profluorid®), 4 - CLIN (ClinproTM White Varnish with TCP), and 5 - DUR (Duraphat®). Os vernizes foram aplicados em camada fina e os espécimes foram então submetidos à ciclagem de pH por oito dias. A MDS final (SM2) e a microdureza transversal (CSMH) foram então analisadas. As concentrações de flúor e íons cálcio em solução foram analisadas pelo método indireto e espectrofotometria de absorção atômica, respectivamente. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste T de Student, ANOVA/Tukey-Kramer ou testes de Kruskall-Wallis/Dunn para comparações individuais (p˂0,05). Todos os vernizes levaram a uma remineralização superficial e subsuperficial significativamente maior em comparação com o grupo controle, não diferindo significativamente entre si. Os vernizes com maior liberação de flúor foram: PROFL e CLIN, seguidos de MI VAR e DUR. Os vernizes com liberação significativamente maior de cálcio foram: DUR, CLIN e PROFL. Pôde-se concluir que todos os vernizes fluoretados comerciais testados apresentam bom potencial de inibição da progressão da desmineralização, independentemente dos mecanismos de liberação de íons. incipientes MDS/SM. MDSSM MDS/SM . SM (MDS/SM) Buskes, Buskes , Buskes) SM1 (SM1 reanalisada experimentais 1 cycling, cycling cycling) CPPACP, CPPACP CPP ACP CPP-ACP) Profluorid®, Profluorid Profluorid® (Profluorid®) ClinproTM TCP, TCP TCP) Duraphat®. Duraphat Duraphat® (Duraphat®) dias SM2 (SM2 CSMH (CSMH atômica respectivamente Student ANOVA/TukeyKramer ANOVATukeyKramer ANOVA/Tukey Kramer ANOVA Tukey KruskallWallis/Dunn KruskallWallisDunn Kruskall Wallis/Dunn Wallis Dunn p˂0,05. p005 p p˂0,05 0 05 (p˂0,05) controle si Pôdese Pôde se (MDS/SM (SM CPP-ACP (Profluorid® (Duraphat® TukeyKramer ANOVATukey KruskallWallis WallisDunn p00 p˂0,0 (p˂0,05 (Profluorid (Duraphat p0 p˂0, (p˂0,0 p˂0 (p˂0, p˂ (p˂0 (p˂ (p

The modification of magnesium alloy through the addition of rare-earth elements improves specific properties of magnesium alloy. However, the evolution mechanisms of rare-earth precipitates during thermal cycles are still unclear, particularly during the welding thermal cycles. Therefore, deep research on the influence mechanisms of rare-earth precipitates on the welded joint is necessary. In this paper, Ce-containing Mg alloy was successfully welded by laser welding. The microstructure of the welded joint was deeply analyzed. As a result, the elemental composition and distribution rules of precipitates within the fusion zone were obtained. In addition, heat treatment was carried out for the welded joint, thus deducing the evolution mechanisms of precipitates within the joint. The corresponding results revealed that typical micron/sub-micron-sized particles, consisting of both conventional and rare-earth intermetallics, are formed and neatly distributed within the fusion zone, demonstrating that the rare-earth particles inside the fusion zone are much smaller in size than that of Mg17Al12. Tensile test results suggest that these tiny particles significantly improved the strength of the fusion zone, promoting the tensile-shear strength of the joint accounting for 76.6% of that of the base metal. The above approach provides a feasible solution for the welding of rare-earth Mg alloys. rareearth rare earth However unclear Therefore necessary paper Cecontaining Ce containing analyzed result obtained micron/submicronsized micronsubmicronsized micron/sub micron sized sub intermetallics Mg17Al12 MgAl Al tensileshear tensile shear 766 76 6 76.6 metal alloys submicronsized micronsub Mg17Al1 7 76. Mg17Al

RESUMO A realcalinização química (RAQ) e a realcalinização eletroquímica (RAE) são procedimentos utilizados como reparo de estruturas em concretos sujeitos à corrosão nas armaduras por ação da carbonatação. A premissa é elevar o pH da solução do poro do concreto, com o intuito de reestruturar o filme passivo das armaduras. A RAE é aplicada em estruturas a 40 anos e apresenta eficácia na reestruturação desta película. Já a RAQ é um método pouco abordado no meio cientifico. Este trabalho sintetiza informações, através de uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL) com a técnica de snowballing, foram aderidos 24 trabalhos dos quais levantou-se os principais métodos de aplicação, soluções alcalinas e reações físico-químicas. Foi realizada uma análise comparativa entre a RAE e a RAQ, apesar de serem governados por mecanismos diferentes ambos foram eficazes em um período de tempo de 15 dias para reestabelecer o pH superior a 12, sendo também capazes de reestruturar o filme passivo das armaduras em sistemas com perda de massa decorrentes da corrosão abaixo de 0,25%. As principais lacunas da literatura são referentes aos mecanismos de reação da RAQ, alterações nas propriedades do concreto, duração de ambos os tratamentos e maior pré-disposição a reação álcali-agregado após o tratamento. (RAQ (RAE carbonatação concreto 4 película cientifico informações RSL (RSL snowballing 2 levantouse levantou se aplicação físicoquímicas. físicoquímicas físico químicas. químicas físico-químicas 1 12 025 0 25 0,25% prédisposição pré disposição álcaliagregado álcali agregado tratamento 02 0,25 0,2 0,

ABSTRACT Chemical realkalization (CRA) and electrochemical realkalization (ERA) are procedures used to repair concrete structures subject to corrosion in reinforcement due to carbonation. The premise is to raise the pH of the concrete pore solution, with the aim of restructuring the passive film of the reinforcement. RAE has been applied to structures for 40 years and is effective in restructuring the passive film. The CRA is a little discussed method in scientific circles. This paper synthesizes information on these methods, through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and snowballing technique, with the adherence of 24 works where the main methods of applying treatments, alkaline solutions and physical-chemical reactions. A comparative analysis was carried out between ERA and CRA, although being governed by different mechanisms both raised the pH of the carbonation front to a value higher than 12, were effective in a period less than 15 days, and were also capable of restructuring the passive film of reinforcement in systems with mass loss due to corrosion below 0.25%. The main gaps are CRA reaction mechanisms, changes in concrete properties, duration of both treatments and greater predisposition to the alkali-aggregate reaction after treatment. (CRA (ERA solution 4 circles SLR (SLR technique 2 physicalchemical physical chemical reactions 12 1 days 025 0 25 0.25% properties alkaliaggregate alkali aggregate treatment 02 0.25 0.2 0.

Resumen El problema de acceso al agua en los barrios populares forma parte de la problemática más amplia de las luchas por la urbanización en contextos de pobreza en Latinoamérica. Esta experiencia de investigación y desarrollo en dos manzanas del Barrio Fray Luis Beltrán (Las Dalias) de Mar del Plata testimonia en forma elocuente un aporte a modos de gestión colaborativos e intersectoriales con activa participación vecinal para la solución del problema. En el marco de las denominadas “tecnologías sociales”, este artículo es un aporte de resultados a preguntas y planteos teóricos al campo de la funcionalidad de la tecnología en procesos colaborativos de “urbanización popular”. Esta experiencia interesa por tres aspectos: como emergente de un activismo de grupos populares por fuera de mecanismos mercantiles y estatales; como despliegue de una serie de estrategias sociales de sobrevivencia que efectivizan todos los intersticios posibles del sistema, institucionales y no institucionales, a fin de obtener recursos para acceder a un soporte material para el habitar y la vida y, finalmente, para promover otro rol del investigador universitario, en contextos de alta criticidad sanitaria y humanitaria, como actor analista y parte del planteo de un problema social y de su solución.

Abstract The problem of water availability in popular neighborhoods is part of a broader issue of the struggles for urbanization in contexts of poverty in Latin America. This experience of research and development in two blocks of the Fray Luis Beltrán (Las Dalias) neighborhood in the city of Mar del Plata is an eloquent testimony of collaborative and cross-sectional management with an active participation of the neighbors to solve the problem. Within the framework of “social technology”, this article is a contribution to some questions and theoretical issues to the field of technology in collaborative processes of “popular urbanization.” This case is of special interest for three reasons: as an emergent of the activism of popular groups, outside of state and market mechanisms; as the display of a series of social strategies of survival that show the possible interstices of the system (both institutional and non-institutional), in order to get resources to an essential material support for habitation and life; and, finally, as the promotion of another role for the university researcher in contexts of highly critical health and humanitarian situations, as a way of raising a case and proposing a solution.

Resumo O problema do acesso à água nos bairros populares faz parte da problemática mais ampla das lutas pela urbanização em contextos de pobreza na América Latina. Esta experiência de pesquisa e desenvolvimento em dois quarteirões do Bairro Fray Luis Beltrán (Las Dalias) da cidade de Mar del Plata testemunha de forma eloquente uma contribuição a modos de gestão colaborativos e intersetoriais com ativa participação dos vizinhos na solução do problema. No marco das denominadas "tecnologias sociais", este artigo é um aporte de resultados a perguntas e propostas teóricas al campo da funcionalidade da tecnologia em processos colaborativos de "urbanização popular". Esta experiência interessa por três aspectos: como emergente de um ativismo de grupos populares por fora dos mecanismos comerciais e estatais; como desdobramento de uma série de estratégias sociais de sobrevivência que efetivam todos os interstícios possíveis do sistema, institucionais e não institucionais, a fim de obter recursos para acessar a um suporte material para o habitar e a vida e, finalmente, para promover outro papel do investigador universitário, em contextos de alta criticidade sanitária e humanitária, como ator analista e parte da abordagem de um problema social e da sua solução.

Petroleum reserves available worldwide are geologically based mainly on sedimentary and carbonate rocks, and the reservoir performance depends on the intrinsic properties of each rock and their response to changes in wettability. Recently, the change in wettability with low-salinity brine has been used to improve the oil recovery, which is an environmentally friendly and low investment, but there is no unanimity about the mechanisms of oil recovery process. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the process involved in the wettability associated with interactions between the surface of powdered reservoir rock samples and the surrounding fluids. The reservoir rock surface (sandstone, calcite and dolomite) was evaluated under three different conditions. The total amount of adsorbed oil on aged samples was twice as high in carbonate rocks as in sandstone. The thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) for the desorption steps of the organic fraction on dolomite and calcite indicates that the treatment under high brine concentration favored the oil desorption and the opposite result was observed for sandstone. This behavior suggests that carbonate rocks adsorb more strongly the organic phase compared to sandstone. Recently lowsalinity salinity investment Therefore fluids sandstone, sandstone (sandstone conditions TGA (TGA