Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic had an unprecedented negative impact on women’s mental well-being, especially on mothers. This article proposes the concept of “burnout resilience” and introduces “structural support” as a variable that influences job burnout in women, mothers working in executive positions. Different support measures may promote resilience: in this case, the structural, organizational, and family-related. The study focuses on resilience enablers in a disaster scenario like the COVID-19 pandemic. The study highlights the relevance for public policy and organizations of ensuring organizational and structural support that contributes to develop resilience for mitigating burnout, especially during natural catastrophe periods and war environments, among other negative scenarios. The investigation aimed to quantify job burnout among 704 executive mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic, using the Maslach Burnout Inventory General survey. The data-collection method employed was a non-probabilistic snowball sampling technique, and the hypotheses were tested using a comparison of means t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed the relationship between job burnout and organizational, familial, and structural support. The findings also reveal that organizational and structural support attenuated burnout, while familial support is not correlated with burnout mitigation. Moreover, compared to the pre-pandemic period, executive mothers seemed to have experienced an increase in burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Resumen La pandemia de COVID-19 tuvo un impacto negativo sin precedentes en el bienestar mental de las mujeres, especialmente de las madres. Este artículo propone el concepto de “resiliencia al burnout” e introduce el “apoyo estructural” como variable que influye en el burnout laboral de las madres ejecutivas. Existen diferentes tipos de apoyos que promueven la resiliencia, en este caso estudiamos el estructural, el organizacional y el familiar. Examinamos la influencia de los tres tipos de apoyo: estructurales, organizacionales y familiares que permiten la resiliencia en un escenario de desastre como la pandemia. Se destaca la importancia de asegurar apoyos organizacionales y estructurales en las políticas públicas y en las empresas para desarrollar resiliencia cuando se experimenta burnout, en especial en catástrofes naturales, ambientes de guerra, entre otros. La investigación tuvo como objetivo cuantificar el grado de estrés laboral entre 704 madres ejecutivas durante la pandemia, utilizando el Maslach Burnout Inventory General. El método de recolección de datos empleado fue una técnica de muestreo no probabilístico tipo bola de nieve y las hipótesis se comprobaron mediante la prueba t de comparación de medias y el análisis de varianza unidireccional (ANOVA). Los resultados mostraron la relación entre los apoyos organizativos, familiares y estructurales y el burnout, asimismo reveló que el apoyo organizativo y estructural atenuaba el efecto del burnout, mientras que el apoyo familiar no lo hacía. También las madres ejecutivas experimentaron más burnout durante la pandemia COVID-19 que en épocas anteriores.

RESUMEN Introducción: El síndrome de burnout se caracteriza por un estado de agotamiento emocional, físico y mental a causa del estrés crónico que surge de la interacción social y las condiciones de trabajo. Los médicos pueden ser un colectivo afectado, a causa del ambiente psicosocial inadecuado durante su práctica laboral. Objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia del síndrome de burnout y sus características entre los médicos colegiados del Uruguay en 2023. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal de prevalencia con muestreo por conveniencia. Se caracterizó a los individuos desde el punto de vista sociodemográfico, las condiciones laborales y la asociación de éstas con la presencia de síndrome de burnout. La población muestreada consistió en médicos afiliados al Colegio Médico del Uruguay. Se utilizó el Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey para la determinación del síndrome y un cuestionario de diseño propio para la recolección de aspectos sociodemográficos y laborales. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 1086 respuestas. La mediana de edad fue de 41 años (rango: 26-73) y el género predominante fue mujer cis (78,8%). La prevalencia de síndrome de burnout fue de 32,1%. Se observó una asociación estadísticamente significativa del síndrome burnout con edades menores, menor antigüedad laboral, estar cursando residencia, mayor cantidad de horas de trabajo semanal, área o sector laboral y la menor realización de actividades recreativas. El 86,9% se percibieron profesionales autoexigentes. Conclusión: Se destaca que 1 de cada 3 médicos presenta síndrome de burnout. Los autores identifican la necesidad de generar espacios de promoción de salud en el trabajo y prevención de los riesgos psicosociales identificados.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Burnout syndrome is characterized by emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion resulting from chronic stress, typically arising from social interactions and working conditions. Physicians represent a potentially affected group due to inadequate psychosocial environments during their professional practice. Objective: To determine the prevalence of burnout syndrome and its characteristics among licensed physicians in Uruguay in 2023. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional prevalence study was conducted using convenience sampling. Participants were characterized by sociodemographic factors, working conditions, and the association of these factors with the presence of burnout syndrome. The sample population consisted of physicians affiliated with the Medical College of Uruguay. The Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey was used to assess burnout, while a custom-designed questionnaire collected sociodemographic and work-related information. Results: A total of 1,086 responses were obtained. The median age was 41 years (range: 26-73), and the predominant gender was cisgender women (78.8%). The prevalence of burnout syndrome was 32.1%. A statistically significant association was observed between burnout syndrome and younger age, shorter career duration, being in residency, longer weekly working hours, work area or sector, and reduced engagement in recreational activities. Additionally, 86.9% perceived themselves as self-demanding professionals. Conclusion: One in three physicians presented with burnout syndrome. The authors highlight the need to create health promotion spaces in the workplace and implement preventive measures to address the identified psychosocial risks.

RESUMO Introdução: síndrome de Bornout caracteriza-se por um estado de exaustão emocional, física e mental devido ao estresse crônico decorrente do convívio social e das condições de trabalho. Os médicos podem ser um grupo afetado, devido ao ambiente psicossocial inadequado durante sua prática de trabalho. Objetivo: Conhecer a prevalência da síndrome de burnout e suas características entre médicos registrados no Uruguai em 2023. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo transversal descritivo de prevalência com amostragem por conveniência. Os indivíduos foram caracterizados com base em fatores sociodemográficos, condições de trabalho e a associação desses fatores com a presença de síndrome de burnout. A população amostrada consistiu em médicos afiliados ao Colégio Médico do Uruguai. O Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey foi utilizado para determinar a síndrome e um questionário autoelaborado para coletar aspectos sociodemográficos e laborais. Resultados: foram obtidas 1.086 respostas. A mediana de idade foi de 41 anos (faixa: 26-73) e o gênero predominante foi mulher cis (78,8%). A prevalência da síndrome de burnout foi de 32,1%. Observou-se associação estatisticamente significativa da síndrome de burnout com idades mais jovens, menor antiguidade no trabalho, estar em residência, maior número de horas de trabalho por semana, área ou setor de trabalho e menor desempenho em atividades recreativas. 86,9% se percebiam como profissionais exigentes. Conclusão: Ressalta-se que 1 em cada 3 médicos apresenta síndrome de burnout. Os autores identificam a necessidade de gerar espaços de promoção da saúde no trabalho e prevenção dos riscos psicossociais identificados.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Burnout results from chronic exposure to work-related stress and it is characterized by a reduction in professional efficacy, feelings of lack of energy/exhaustion, and negativity related to work activities. It has a higher incidence in professions with significant interpersonal contact and among caregivers, making doctors a vulnerable population. The Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire is considered the gold standard for measuring this disease. In 2014, quinquennial prevention was described, aiming to prevent harm to patients through strategies that reduce Burnout in doctors. Clinical Case: The case describes a 29-year-old woman, a physician in her final year of Residency in General and Family Medicine, who sought an urgent consultation due to feelings of physical and mental exhaustion, hopelessness, irritability, initial and middle insomnia, for the last three months, and hyperphagia, two months ago. She has requested a sick leave from work because “I can't stand working anymore. I need to sleep for a week”. She identified excessive workload at the Clinic, stemming from the demands of her medical residency, as the main cause. She feels unsupported by her colleagues and Training Supervisor and feels pressured to manage the medical agenda without adequate preparation. She reports occasional errors in prescriptions, leading her to feel the need to repeatedly review records and decisions she has made. She denies any appointment with her designated Work physician ever since she started her internship. Upon physical examination, she appeared slaughtered, with a depressed mood, tearful, restless, and with fleeting eye contact. Applying the Maslach Burnout Inventory: Section A- 34 points- high level; Section B- 28 points- high level; Section C- 25 points- high level. A work leave from work was issued, laboratory studies were requested, and fluoxetine 20 mg and trazodone 50 mg were initiated, along with psychotherapy. So far, the patient has been re-evaluated in three consultations, with organic causes ruled out, and in the last re-evaluation, her scores were: Section A- 20 points- moderate level; Section B- 5 points- low level; Section C- 39 points- moderate level. She reports a decrease in medical errors. She maintained the prescribed medication and psychotherapy. She declined to join a Balint group. A new re-evaluation was scheduled in six months. Discussion/Conclusion: This is a case of a General and Family Medicine Resident Physician, diagnosed with Burnout, who has managed to substantially improve her quality of life and job satisfaction, as well as her personal life, following the implementation of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures, along with workplace adjustments and the setting of boundaries. She has successfully reduced her perception of making medical errors, thereby improving the quality of healthcare provided to the patients. The long journey of recovery from Burnout makes the monitoring of this illness imperative not only by the patients Family Doctor and Psychologist, but also by the Occupational physician, targeting the improvement of the quality of life of the healthcare professionals in their occupational activity. This clinical case’s purpose is to address and raise awareness among professionals to the prevention of Burnout, particularly in Residents, promoting quinquennial prevention. It is important to note that only professionals who are fulfilled in their biopsychosocial sphere can provide quality care and significantly reduce medical errors.

RESUMO Introdução: O Burnout resulta da exposição crónica ao stress laboral e caracteriza-se por redução da eficácia a nível profissional, sentimentos de falta de energia/exaustão e negatividade relacionados com a atividade laboral. Tem maior incidência em profissões de elevado contacto com pessoas e em prestadores de cuidados, tornando os médicos uma população vulnerável. O questionário Maslach Burnout Inventory é considerado gold standard para a medição desta patologia. Em 2014 foi descrita a prevenção quinquenária, que pretende evitar o dano para o paciente, atuando no médico através de estratégias que visem a diminuição do Burnout. Caso Clínico: Descreve-se uma mulher de 29 anos, médica, no último ano da especialização em Medicina Geral e Familiar, que recorreu a consulta aberta por sensação de exaustão física e mental, sentimentos de desesperança, irritabilidade, insónia inicial e intermédia, com três meses de evolução e hiperfagia há dois meses. Solicitou certificado de incapacidade temporária para o trabalho, porque “já não aguento mais trabalhar. Preciso de dormir uma semana”. Aponta como principal etiologia o trabalho excessivo no Centro de Saúde, decorrente da exigência do internato médico. Sente-se pouco apoiada pelos colegas de equipa e orientador de formação e considera-se pressionada a gerir a agenda médica sem ter preparação para tal. Relata erros pontuais na prescrição médica, pelo que sente necessidade de rever várias vezes os registos efetuados e as atitudes tomadas. Nega ter sido convocada para qualquer consulta de Medicina do Trabalho desde que ingressou na especialidade. Ao exame objetivo, apresentava-se cabisbaixa, com humor deprimido, chorosa, inquieta e com contacto ocular fugaz. Aplicando o questionário atrás mencionado: Secção A - 34 pontos - nível elevado; Secção B - 28 pontos - nível elevado; Secção C - 25 pontos - nível elevado. Foi emitido o certificado de incapacidade temporária para o trabalho, solicitado estudo analítico e iniciada fluoxetina 20mg e trazodona 50mg, bem como psicoterapia. Até à data, a doente foi reavaliada em três consultas, foi excluída patologia orgânica e na última reavaliação apresentava os seguintes valores: Secção A- 20 pontos- nível moderado; Secção B- 5 pontos- nível baixo; Secção C- 39 pontos- nível moderado. Refere diminuição dos erros médicos. Manteve a medicação instituída, bem como a psicoterapia. Recusou o grupo Balint. Foi programada nova reavaliação em seis meses. Discussão/Conclusão: Trata-se de uma doente, Médica Interna em Medicina Geral e Familiar com o diagnóstico de Burnout, que conseguiu melhorar substancialmente a sua qualidade de vida e satisfação no trabalho e vida pessoal, após a implementação de medidas farmacológicas e não farmacológicas e também após alterações a nível laboral e imposição de limites. Conseguiu diminuir a perceção de erro médico, melhorando assim os cuidados de saúde prestados aos utentes. O longo percurso de recuperação desta doença torna fulcral o acompanhamento destes utentes pela equipa de Medicina do Trabalho, e não só pelo Médico de Família e Psicólogo, visando melhorar a qualidade de vida e saúde dos profissionais no âmbito da sua atividade laboral. Com este caso clínico pretende-se abordar e sensibilizar os profissionais para a prevenção do Burnout, em particular nos médicos internos, fomentando a prevenção quinquenária. De ressalvar que apenas profissionais realizados na sua esfera biopsicossocial conseguem proporcionar cuidados de qualidade e reduzir de forma importante o erro médico.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Burnout is a syndrome with a major personal and professional impact, which should be actively addressed in healthcare institutions. Objectives: To prevent burnout among health professionals in a primary healthcare center in Northern Portugal. Methodology: This intervention project, carried out between June 2023 and March 2024, targeted the health professionals of a primary healthcare center and was based on four major strategic axes: physical activity and team building sessions; theoretical sessions; socializing sessions held at the institution; adaptations to work norms and regulations. Burnout levels were assessed before, during and after the intervention using the Maslach Burnout Inventory- Human Services Survey scale, which evaluates three dimensions of burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment. A monitoring and evaluation plan was defined, considering the number of sessions held, adherence to the proposed activities and measures, the professionals' satisfaction with the project and the levels of burnout measured. Results: The project included 34 professionals, the majority of whom were female (82.4%), with an average time of 18 years on the job, and who reported working an average of 42 hours a week. The pre-intervention assessment revealed high levels of burnout in 46% of the professionals in the area of emotional exhaustion, in 37% in the depersonalization dimension and in 61% in the area of personal accomplishment. 22% of the planned sessions were held; quarterly lunches had an adherence rate of 73%; weekly coffee breaks demonstrated high satisfaction levels. The professional WhatsApp group's use rate over weekends was 38%. The post-intervention evaluation revealed an overall average decrease of 35% in high burnout levels. Discussion/Conclusion: This project facilitated strategies for team dynamics, problem-solving and establishing boundaries between professional and personal life, with a positive impact of the interventions carried out. On the other hand, the authors came across several obstacles, which should lead to further in-depth individual and organizational reflection.

RESUMO Introdução: O burnout é uma síndrome com grande impacto pessoal e profissional, devendo ser ativamente abordada nas instituições de saúde. Objetivos: Prevenir o burnout entre profissionais de saúde de uma Unidade de Saúde Familiar do Norte. Metodologia: Este projeto de intervenção, realizado entre junho de 2023 e março de 2024, teve como população-alvo os profissionais de uma Unidade de Saúde Familiar e assentou em quatro eixos: sessões de atividade física e team building; sessões teóricas; convívios na instituição e adaptações às normas de trabalho. Os níveis de burnout foram avaliados antes, durante e após a intervenção, através da escala Maslach Burnout Inventory- Human Services Survey, que avalia três dimensões do burnout: exaustão emocional, despersonalização e realização profissional. Foi definido um plano de monitorização e avaliação tendo em consideração o número de sessões realizadas, a adesão às atividades e medidas propostas, a satisfação dos profissionais com o projeto e os níveis de burnout medidos. Resultados: O projeto incluiu 34 profissionais, a maioria do sexo feminino (82,4%), com um tempo médio na função de 18 anos, e que reportaram trabalhar, em média, 42 horas semanais. A avaliação pré-intervenção revelou níveis elevados de burnout na área da exaustão emocional em 46% dos profissionais, da despersonalização em 37% e da realização profissional em 61% dos participantes. Foram realizadas 22% das sessões previstas; os almoços trimestrais tiveram uma taxa de adesão de 73% e os coffee-breaks semanais tiveram elevados níveis de satisfação. A taxa de utilização do grupo do WhatsApp profissional aos fins de semana foi de 38%. A avaliação pós-intervenção revelou uma diminuição média global dos níveis de burnout elevados de 35%. Discussão/Conclusão: Este projeto facilitou estratégias de dinâmica de equipa, resolução de problemas e estabelecimento de limites entre a vida profissional e pessoal, observando-se um impacto positivo das intervenções efetuadas. Por outro lado, os autores depararam-se com vários obstáculos, o que deve conduzir a uma reflexão individual e organizacional mais profunda.

Resumo: As tarefas ilegítimas são definidas como atribuições que os empregados consideram injustas e desnecessárias, as quais podem causar estresse laboral e afetar a identidade laboral, aumentando, por sua vez, os níveis de burnout, especialmente em organizações complexas. O presente estudo propõe que a identidade laboral desempenha um papel mediador na relação entre as tarefas ilegítimas e o burnout; portanto, quanto maior a percepção de tarefas ilegítimas, o empregado reportará menores níveis de identidade laboral e maiores níveis de burnout. Para avaliar essa relação, um grupo de 135 trabalhadores de uma instituição educacional chilena respondeu a um questionário sociodemográfico e aos instrumentos Bern Illegitimate Tasks Scale BITS), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-GS), e Workplace Identity Scale (WIS). O estudo empregou um design longitudinal, com coletas de dados realizadas em dois momentos (T1 e T2), com um intervalo de seis semanas entre eles. Em primeiro lugar, foram realizadas análises considerando apenas os dados de T1 e, posteriormente, análises que incluíram ambos os períodos de medição (T1 e T2). Os resultados revelaram que as tarefas ilegítimas têm um efeito direto sobre o burnout maior do que o efeito mediado pela identidade laboral e que as tarefas ilegítimas teriam um efeito significativo direto sobre o burnout, mas não sobre o burnout reportado seis semanas depois. As tarefas ilegítimas têm um impacto direto no esgotamento laboral e a identidade laboral atua como um fator mediador nesta relação. É essencial que, dentro do âmbito organizacional, se reconheça a relevância destas variáveis. Otimizar as condições de trabalho e reforçar a identidade laboral não só beneficia aos empregados, mas também as organizações

Abstract: Illegitimate tasks are defined as tasks that employees perceive as unfair and unnecessary, which can cause work stress and affect work identity. These, in turn, increase burnout, especially in complex organizations. The present study suggests that work identity plays a mediating role in the association between illegitimate tasks and burnout, whereby the higher the perception of illegitimate tasks, the lower the employee's work identity and the higher the level of burnout. To assess this relationship, a group of 135 employees from a Chilean educational institution completed a series of questionnaires to assess each of the variables, including the BERN Illegitimate Tasks Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Workplace Identity Scale. The study used a longitudinal design, with data collected at two-time points (T1 and T2), with a six-week interval between them. Initially, analyses were conducted using data from T1 alone, and subsequently, analyses were performed using data from both time points (T1 and T2). Results indicate that illegitimate tasks have a greater direct effect on burnout than the effect mediated by work identity and that illegitimate tasks have a significant direct effect on burnout but not on reported burnout six weeks later. Illegitimate tasks have a direct effect on burnout, and work identity acts as a mediator in this relationship. The relevance of these variables must be recognized in organizational settings. Optimizing working conditions and strengthening work identity will benefit not only employees but also the organization.

Resumen: Las tareas ilegítimas se definen como las asignaciones que los empleados consideran injustas e innecesarias, las cuales pueden causar estrés laboral y afectar la identidad laboral, lo que aumenta los niveles de burnout, especialmente en organizaciones complejas. El presente estudio plantea que la identidad laboral ejerce un rol mediador en la relación entre las tareas ilegítimas y el burnout, por lo que, a mayor percepción de tareas ilegítimas, el empleado reportará menores niveles de identidad laboral y mayores niveles de burnout. Para evaluar esta relación, un grupo de 135 trabajadores de una institución educativa chilena contestó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y los instrumentos Bern Illegitimate Tasks Scale (BITS), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-GS) y Workplace Identity Scale (WIS). El estudio tiene un diseño longitudinal y los datos se obtuvieron en dos momentos (T1 y T2), separados entre sí por seis semanas. En primer lugar, se realizaron análisis considerando solo T1 y posteriormente se realizaron análisis considerando ambos tiempos de medición (T1 y T2). Los resultados revelaron que las tareas ilegítimas tienen un efecto directo sobre el burnout, mayor que el efecto mediado por la identidad laboral, y que las tareas ilegítimas tendrían un efecto significativo directo sobre el burnout, pero no sobre el burnout reportado seis semanas después. Las tareas ilegítimas tienen un impacto directo en el agotamiento laboral y la identidad laboral actúa como un factor mediador en esta relación. Es esencial que, dentro del ámbito organizacional, se reconozca la relevancia de estas variables. Optimizar las condiciones de trabajo y reforzar la identidad laboral no solo beneficia a los empleados, sino que también a las organizaciones.

Resumen Antecedentes: El estrés de rol está relacionado con la reducción del rendimiento laboral, la disminución del compromiso organizativo, el aumento de la intención de abandonar el trabajo y los efectos negativos sobre la salud física y mental. Dadas las importantes implicaciones del estrés de rol, los investigadores han tratado de comprender y cuantificar este concepto. Las escalas de Conflicto y Ambigüedad de Roles (RCA) se utilizan ampliamente en la investigación del estrés laboral como herramientas de medición predominantes. Al principio, se conceptualizaron como dos dimensiones independientes: conflicto de rol y ambigüedad de rol. Objetivo: Este estudio avanza en la investigación de validación de las escalas RCA, explorando su dimensionalidad mediante el Análisis de Escalas de Mokken (MSA) y la Teoría Clásica de los Test (CTT). Método: Profesores sudafricanos respondieron a las escalas RCA, Maslach Burnout Inventory y Teaching Satisfaction Scale. Se emplearon el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC) y el MSA para el análisis de los datos. Resultados: La investigación determinó que un modelo de segundo orden proporcionaba el ajuste óptimo, indicando que la ambigüedad de rol y el conflicto de rol son dimensiones subordinadas dentro del constructo global del estrés de rol. Conclusiones: Los resultados del AFC y los índices bifactoriales suplementarios refuerzan la opinión de que el instrumento consta de 13 ítems, que evalúan una dimensión general de estrés de rol junto con dos subdimensiones: conflicto de rol y ambigüedad de rol. Esta especificidad puede conducir a estrategias más eficaces para mitigar el estrés relacionado con el rol, mejorando así el bienestar general de los empleados, la satisfacción en el trabajo y la productividad de la organización.

Abstract Background: Role stress is linked to reduced work performance, diminished organizational commitment, increased intention to leave a job, and negative physical and mental health effects. Given the significant implications of role stress, researchers have sought to understand and quantify the concept. The Role Conflict and Ambiguity (RCA) scales are widely utilized in job stress research as the predominant measurement tools. They were originally conceptualized as consisting of two independent dimensions: role conflict and role ambiguity. Objective: This study advances the validation research of the RCA scales by exploring its dimensionality through Mokken Scale Analysis (MSA) and Classical Test Theory (CTT). Method: South African school teachers responded to the RCA scales, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Teaching Satisfaction Scale. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and MSA were employed for data analysis. Results: The research determined that a second-order model provided the optimal fit, indicating that role ambiguity and role conflict are subordinate dimensions within the overarching construct of role stress. Conclusion: The findings from the CFA and supplementary bifactor indices reinforce the view that the instrument comprises 13 items, which assess a general dimension of role stress along with two sub-dimensions: role conflict and role ambiguity. Such specificity may lead to more effective strategies to mitigate role-related stress, thereby enhancing overall employee well-being, job satisfaction, and organizational productivity.

RESUMEN Introducción: el clima educacional (CE) de posgrado en el ambiente hospitalario puede determinar la manera en como los médicos residentes (MR) se adaptan a su nueva etapa, durante el cual el sindrome agotamiento profesional (SAP) es altamente probable de producirse en algún momento. Objetivo: determinar la relación entre el clima educacional y el agotamiento profesional en médicos de los programas de residencias médicas del Hospital Nacional 2023-2024. Metodología: estudio observacional transversal de una muestra por conveniencia de MR de ambos sexos de todas las especialidades médicas del Hospital Nacional entre noviembre 2023 y enero 2024, se excluyeron MR con rotación externa y/o vacaciones. Calculo muestral; 136 MR. Se envío un formulario en línea de Google al correo electrónico del MR solicitando la participación voluntaria. El SAP fue medido con el método estándar Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) con subescalas; agotamiento emocional (AE), despersonalización (DESP), realización personal (RP), existiendo SAP con puntuaciones altas de AE, DESP y bajas de RP. El CE fue valorado con la medida del entorno educativo de posgrado hospitalario (PHEEM) con subescalas; percepción autonomía de roles (PAR), percepción enseñanza (PE), percepción soporte social (PSS), a mayor puntaje mejor CE. Se recopiló variables demográficos, académicos, puntajes del MBI y PHEEM, el SAP fue considerado dependiente, como resultado principal la relación predictiva del PHEEM sobre el SAP. Se compararon datos con χ², prueba t o U de Mann-Whitney, ANOVA y regresión lineal (p-valor significativo =<0,05). Resultados: de 233 participantes, la edad media fue de 28,75 (± 2,20), el 63,94 % (149) mujeres, la prevalencia general del SAP; 70,38 % (164/233), SAP en hombres 75 % (63/84) y mujeres 67,78 % (101/149) p=0,0014, los 2 primeros años con mayor frecuencia de SAP; 65 (85,52 %), 59 (86,76 %) repectivamente p=0,0009, de especialidades quirúrgicas 63 (90 %) p=0,0071. Las subescalas del MBI el AE;79,82 % (186) con un promedio de 35,39 (± 11,61) puntos. El PHEEM de los MR con SAP; 107,9(( 19,6) puntos y sin SAP; 136,3(( 12,1) puntos IC 95 % 18,1-25,0 p= 0,0001. El PHEEM predijo el AE con R2=0,619, PPS; B= -0,18 (±0,009) p=0,001, y la DESP; R2= 0,385, PPS; B= -0,001 (±0,004) p=0,009 siendo PSS predictor significativo con correlación inversa en ambas. Conclusión: existe relación inversa entre el clima educativo y el sindrome de agotamiento profesional en la población estudiada, con alta prevalencia de este en residentes hombres de especialidades quirúrgicas, siendo el soporte social del ambiente educativo hospitalario un predictor significativo para el desarrollo del sindrome de agotamiento profesional.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the postgraduate educational climate (CE) in the hospital environment can determine the way in which resident physicians (MRs) adapt to their new stage, during which professional burnout syndrome (PAS) is highly likely to occur at some point. Objective: to determine the relationship between the educational climate and professional burnout in physicians in the medical residency programs of the National Hospital 2023-2024. Methodology: cross-sectional observational study of a sample of MR convenience of both sexes from all medical specialties of the National Hospital between November 2023 and January 2024, MR with external rotation and/or vacations were excluded. Sample calculation; 136 MR. An online form from Google was sent to the MR email requesting voluntary participation. The SAP was measured with the standard Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) method with subscales; emotional exhaustion (EA), depersonalization (DESP), personal fulfillment (PR), with PAS with high scores of AE, DESP and low RP. The EC was assessed with the measure of the hospital postgraduate educational environment (PHEEM) with subscales; perception of role autonomy (PAR), perception of teaching (PE), perception of social support (PSS), the higher the score, the better the EC. Demographic and academic variables, MBI and PHEEM scores were collected, and the SAP was considered dependent, as the main result was the predictive relationship of the PHEEM on the SAP. Data were compared with χ², t-test or Mann-Whitney U, ANOVA and linear regression (p-significant value =<0.05). Results: of 233 participants, the mean age was 28.75 (±2.20), 63.94 % (149) women, the general prevalence of PAS; 70.38 % (164/233), PAS in men 75 % (63/84) and women 67.78 % (101/149) p=0.0014, the first 2 years with the highest frequency of PAS; 65 (85.52 %), 59 (86.76 %) respectively p=0.0009, 63 (90 %) p=0.0071 surgical specialties. The subscales of the MBI, the AE; 79.82 % (186) with an average of 35.39 (± 11.61) points. The CE of MRs with SAP; 107.9 (19.6) dots and without PAS; 136.3 (12.1) dots 95 % CI 18.1-25.0 p= 0.0001. The PHEEM predicted the AE with R2=0.619, B= -0.18 (±0.009) p=0.001, and the DESP; R2= 0.385, B= -0.001(0.004) p=0.009, PSS being a significant predictor with inverse correlation in both. Conclusion: there is an inverse relationship between the educational climate and burnout syndrome in the population studied, with a high prevalence of burnout in male residents of surgical specialties, with the social support of the hospital educational environment being a significant predictor for the development of burnout syndrome.

With the study reported on here, we aimed to determine the career barriers on organisational alienation and professional burnout levels of pre-school teachers and to reveal the relationship between their organisational alienation and burnout levels. A relational survey model was used in the study. The population of the study consisted of 896 pre-school teachers who worked in public and private schools in Mersin, Türkiye during the 2019-2020 academic year. The sample consisted of 309 pre-school teachers selected from the population using the convenience sampling method. The data were collected using the women's career barriers scale (İnandı, 2009a), Maslach burnout inventory (Ergin, 1992) and pre-school teachers professional alienation scale (Kıhrı, 2013). Correlation and regression analyses were performed on the data. As a result of the study, apart from social gender stereotypes and meaninglessness dimensions of alienation, positive and highly significant relationships were found between all sub-dimensions of career barriers and all sub-dimensions of alienation. Moreover, apart from social gender stereotypes and personal accomplishment sub-dimension of burnout, a positive and highly significant relationship between all sub-dimensions of career barriers and all sub-dimensions of burnout was found.

RESUMEN El agotamiento psicológico o síndrome de burnout (SBO) es un fenómeno ampliamente conocido, particularmente entre poblaciones jóvenes. Sin embargo, en nuestro país, aún no hay reportes longitudinales acerca de su vigencia en el comportamiento de estudiantes de Medicina Humana. Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia del SBO en estudiantes de Medicina a lo largo de un semestre académico en el año 2023, explorando factores cercanamente vinculados. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, longitudinal, siguiendo un diseño de panel. Las dimensiones del SBO se midieron con el Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) en tres períodos distintos del semestre académico, junto con otras variables relacionadas. Se aplicaron pruebas bivariadas de comparación de proporciones en diferentes momentos; los factores asociados a la incidencia se determinaron mediante un modelo de ecuaciones de estimación generalizadas (GEE) de familia binomial. Resultados: La presencia de SBO fue de 5,7 %, 12,5 % y 19,3 % en el primer, segundo y tercer período, respectivamente. La incidencia acumulada de SBO de T1 a T2 fue de 11,4 %, mientras que de T2 a T3 fue de 12,5 %, y para todo el seguimiento fue de 29,6 %. Aumentó la presencia de SBO en quienes nacieron en provincia, convivían con 4 personas a más y no se trasportaban solo a pie. Conclusión: La presencia de SBO aumenta significativamente durante el semestre académico y afecta más a varones. Los factores como actividades académicas incrementan el riesgo de padecer SBO en estudiantes de años superiores y en aquellos sin afiliación religiosa.

ABSTRACT Psychological burnout or Burnout Syndrome (SBO) is a widely studied phenomenon that particularly affects younger populations; however, in our country, there are no longitudinal reports on its presence among medical students. Objective: To determine the incidence of Burnout Syndrome (SBO) in medical students over the course of an academic semester in 2023, and to explore closely associated factors. Materials and methods: An observational, longitudinal study was conducted using a panel design. The dimensions of Burnout Syndrome (SBO) were measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Student Survey (MBI-SS) at three different periods during the academic semester, along with other related variables. Bivariate tests for comparing proportions at different points in time were applied; the determination of factors associated with incidence was carried out using a generalized estimating equations (GEE) model with a binomial family. Results: The presence of SBO was 5.7%, 12.5%, and 19.3% in the first, second, and third periods, respectively. The cumulative incidence of SBO from T1 to T2 was 11.4%, from T2 to T3 was 12.5%, and for the entire follow-up, 29.6%. The presence of SBO increased among those born in provinces, living with four or more people, and not commuting exclusively on foot. Conclusion: The presence of SBO significantly increases throughout the academic semester and affects men more. Factors such as academic activities increase the risk of SBO in upper-year students and among those without religious affiliation.

Resumen Introducción: Los residentes de neurología se ven enfrentados a situaciones ocasionalmente asociadas a agotamiento laboral, cansancio emocional, despersonalización y menor sensación de eficacia en sus funciones académicas y laborales, por lo que objetivo de este artículo fue describir la prevalencia y los factores asociados del síndrome de burnout en residentes de Neurología en Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Mediante una encuesta autoadministrada se obtuvo información de 134 residentes de Neurología de Colombia. Se incluyeron datos correspondientes a variables sociodemográficas y aquellas incluidas en la escala Maslach Burnout Inventory. Resultados: En los residentes evaluados predominó el género femenino (55,2 %), con un promedio de edad de 29,77 años, DE ± 3,172. La mayoría de los residentes pertenecen a programas privados, de los cuales la Universidad Simón Bolívar representa el mayor porcentaje. En líneas generales, los residentes entrevistados tienen bajo cansancio emocional, un nivel intermedio-bajo de despersonalización y un nivel alto de satisfacción personal. Discusión: Al analizar los resultados se determinó que los residentes reportaron niveles importantes de despersonalización y cansancio emocional, lo que puede indicar el inicio de burnout. Esto se asocia quizás al exigente entorno académico y a la carga laboral inapropiada de los residentes. Conclusiones: Se concluye que los residentes tienen un bajo porcentaje burnout y una baja probabilidad de despersonalización.

Abstract Background: Neurology residents are faced with situations occasionally associated with job burnout, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a lower sense of efficacy in their academic and work functions. The purpose of this research has been to describe the prevalence and associated factors of Burnout syndrome in Neurology residents in Colombia. Materials and methods: Through a self-administered survey, information was obtained from 134 neurology residents in Colombia. Data corresponding to sociodemographic variables and those included in the Maslasch Burnout inventory scale were included. Results: Among the residents evaluated, the female gender predominated (55.2%), with an average age of 29.77 years SD ± 3.172. Most of the residents belong to private programs of which the Simón Bolívar University represents the highest percentage. In general terms, the residents interviewed have low emotional exhaustion, an intermediate-low level of depersonalization, and a high level of personal satisfaction. Discussion: When analyzing the results, it was determined that the residents reported significant levels of depersonalization and emotional exhaustion, which may indicate the onset of burnout. This is perhaps associated with the demanding academic environment and inappropriate workload of the residents. Conclusion: It is concluded that residents have a low burnout rate and a low probability of depersonalization.

Resumen El estudio fue propuesto debido a la percepción de la escasez de estudios sobre la correlación entre burnout, afrontamiento y apoyo social. Así, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar la prevalencia de burnout académico y sus posibles correlaciones con estrategias de afrontamiento y apoyo social en estudiantes de cursos de salud. La muestra estuvo constituida por 173 participantes, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 30 años (M = 23,71; DE = 7,04). Para la recogida de datos se utilizaron: Cuestionario sociodemográfico, Inventario de Burnout de Maslach para estudiantes (MBI-SS), COPE breve (inventario de afrontamiento) y Escala de satisfacción con el apoyo social para estudiantes de enseñanza superior (SSSS). Los resultados revelaron correlaciones entre las dimensiones de agotamiento emocional y cinismo, con la satisfacción de apoyo familiar [F (3. 201752) = 9184,986, p < .001; r2 = .12] y F (3.168) = 8,473, p < .001; r2 = .131]. En cuanto a las correlaciones entre las estrategias de afrontamiento con el resto de las variables del estudio, la muestra utilizó con mayor frecuencia el afrontamiento centrado en la emoción en las estrategias de Autoculpabilización (r = .290, p< .001); Consumo de Sustancias (r = .241, p< .01); Apoyo Instrumental (r = .206, p< .01) y Reinterpretación Positiva (r = .197, p< .01).

Abstract The study was proposed due to the perception of the scarcity of studies on the correlation between burnout, coping and social support. Thus, the present study aimed to verify the prevalence of academic burnout and its correlations with coping strategies and social support in students of health courses. The sample consisted of 173 participants, ages between 18 and 30 years (M = 23.71; SD = 7.04). For data collection we used: Sociodemographic questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory for students (MBI-SS), Brief COPE (coping inventory) and Social Support Satisfaction Scale for higher education students (SSSS). The results revealed correlations between the dimensions of emotional exhaustion and cynicism, with family support satisfaction [F (3. 201752) = 9184.986, p < .001; r2 = .12] and F (3.168) = 8.473, p < .001; r2 = .131]. Referring to the correlations between coping strategies with the other study variables, the sample most frequently used emotion-focused coping in the strategies of Self-blaming (r = .290, p<.001); Substance Use (r = .241, p<.01); Instrumental Support (r = .206, p<.01) and Positive Reinterpretation (r =.197, p<.01).

Resumen Introducción: El síndrome de burnout es un fenómeno social y ocupacional reconocido por la OMS, frecuente en el área de la salud. Se caracteriza por baja realización personal, agotamiento emocional y despersonalización, afectando el desempeño profesional y estrategias de afrontamiento. A pesar de la relevancia del tema, es insuficiente la información disponible que permita visualizar la magnitud del problema con cifras reales en Colombia y, en especial, en el área de cardiología. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia del síndrome de burnout y las características sociodemográficas de médicos que realizan especialización en cardiología y cardiólogos en Colombia. Materiales y método: Estudio observacional, analítico, de corte transversal, realizado en Colombia mediante la aplicación de una encuesta virtual autodiligenciada dirigida a médicos que cursan especialización en cardiología y a cardiólogos. La primera parte de la encuesta obtuvo datos sociodemográficos-económicos y la segunda parte aplicó el cuestionario de Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), herramienta validada para evaluar síndrome de burnout. Resultados: En total se realizaron 207 encuestas; 145 médicos contestaron la primera parte, 67.59% eran hombres, la edad media fue 40.8 años, 64% de los cardiólogos y 79% de los estudiantes consideran que no tienen tiempo suficiente para realizar otras actividades diferentes a la medicina (p = 0.18). Al aplicar MBI, las dimensiones más afectadas son agotamiento emocional, baja realización personal y despersonalización. Al comparar cardiólogos y estudiantes, los segundos tienen mayor proporción de compromiso en las tres dimensiones. Teniendo en cuenta las dos dimensiones más afectadas, 61.72% de los cardiólogos y 81.57% de los estudiantes de cardiología tienen alta puntuación de síntomas sugestivos de síndrome de burnout. Conclusión: La prevalencia del síndrome de burnout en estudiantes de cardiología y cardiólogos incluidos en la encuesta descrita, es alta y amerita la realización pronta de estrategias que busquen retirar o mitigar factores que se asocien a mayor riesgo de presentar esta condición, que impacta directamente en el desempeño profesional y la calidad de vida de los médicos.

Abstract Introduction: Burnout syndrome is a social and occupational phenomenon recognized by the WHO, and common in healthcare. It is characterized by low personal accomplishment, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization, affecting professional performance and coping strategies. Despite the relevance of the topic, there is insufficient available information to visualize the magnitude of the problem with real figures in Colombia, especially in the field of cardiology. Objective: To determine the prevalence of burnout syndrome and the sociodemographic characteristics of cardiology students and cardiologists in Colombia. Materials and method: Cross-sectional analytical observational study conducted in Colombia through the application of a self-completed virtual survey made to cardiology students and cardiologists in Colombia. The first part of the survey collected sociodemographic and economic data; in the second part was applied the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) questionnaire. Results: A total of 207 surveys were conducted, 145 physicians answered the first part, 67.59% were men, the mean age was 40.8 years old, 64% of the cardiologists and 79% of the students consider that they do not have enough time to perform other activities not related to medicine (p = 0.18). When applying MBI, the most affected dimensions in the physicians surveyed are emotional exhaustion followed by low personal accomplishment and finally depersonalization. Comparing cardiologists and cardiology students, students have the highest proportion of compromise in all three dimensions. Taking into account the two most affected dimensions, 61.72% of the cardiologists and 81.57% of the cardiology students have a high score of symptoms suggestive of a diagnosis of burnout syndrome. Conclusion: The prevalence of burnout syndrome in cardiology students and cardiologists included in the described survey is high, this warrants the early implementation of strategies that seek to remove or mitigate factors that are associated with a higher risk of presenting this condition, which directly impacts the professional performance and quality of life of health professionals.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Burnout syndrome arises as a response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors at work and is related to negative consequences at a personal and organizational level. Objective: to describe Burnout syndrome in Specialists of the Internal Medicine Service of the “Arnaldo Milián Castro” Provincial University Hospital. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in the period from July 2022 to January 2023; From a population of 26 doctors, 23 were selected by non-probabilistic and intentional sampling, 12 Specialists in Internal Medicine, six in Endocrinology and five in Rheumatology. The Maslach Burnout Inventory Survey was used and prevalences expressed in percentages were calculated. Results: the prevalence of low emotional exhaustion was 43.5%, high in ages between 46 and 65 years (from 66.7 to 100%), in singles (75%) and in Internal Medicine Specialists (58. 3%); low with six and up to 15 years of service (50%). Low depersonalization prevailed in 69.6% doctors; in all age groups, in both sexes, in those who were married, in all specialties and in those who were on duty. Personal fulfillment was high in 56.5% and in those under 55 years of age (from 55 to 75%) and low in others (from 66 to 100%); high in men (66.7%), married (63.2%) and in Specialists in Internal Medicine (58.3%) and in Rheumatology (100%). Conclusions: there is variability in the response of doctors depending on their characteristics and the dimensions of Burnout syndrome; in general, less than half of the professionals had high emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and low personal accomplishment.

RESUMEN Introducción: el síndrome de Burnout surge como respuesta a estresores crónicos emocionales e interpersonales en el trabajo y se relaciona con consecuencias negativas a nivel personal y organizacional. Objetivo: describir el síndrome de Burnout en Especialistas del Servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital Provincial Universitario “Arnaldo Milián Castro”. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal en el período de julio de 2022 a enero de 2023; de una población de 26 médicos fueron seleccionados, por muestreo no probabilístico e intencional, 23, 12 Especialistas en Medicina Interna, seis en Endocrinología y cinco en Reumatología. Se empleó la Encuesta de Maslach Burnout Inventory y se calcularon las prevalencias expresadas en por cientos. Resultados: la prevalencia del agotamiento emocional bajo fue del 43,5%, alto en edades entre 46 y 65 años (del 66,7 al 100%), en solteros (75%) y en Especialistas en Medicina Interna (58,3%); bajo con seis y hasta 15 años de servicio (50%). Prevaleció la despersonalización baja en 69,6% doctores; en todos los grupos de edades, en los dos sexos, en los casados, en todas las especialidades y en los que realizaban guardia. La realización personal fue alta en 56,5% y en menores de 55 años (del 55 al 75%) y baja en los demás (del 66 al 100%); alta en hombres (66,7%), casados (63,2%) y en Especialistas en Medicina Interna (58,3%) y en Reumatología (100%). Conclusiones: hay variabilidad de respuesta de los médicos en dependencia de sus características y de las dimensiones del síndrome de Burnout, de forma general menos de la mitad de los profesionales tuvieron agotamiento emocional y despersonalización altos y realización personal baja.

RESUMO A síndrome o Burnout é um estado de esgotamento físico e emocional que implica uma perda do interesse no trabalho, atitudes negativas para com os outros, e baixa auto-estima. A habilidades emocionais é definida como capacidade para conhecer e dominar emoções próprias e de outros/as. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi analisar a relação entre os níveis de habilidades emocionais e síndrome de Burnout em docentes universitários de Educação Física. Foram avaliados 31 docentes universitários de duas universidades de Santiago do Chile. Foi aplicada a Escala de rasgo de meta-conhecimento emocional validada em estudantes de Educação Física do Chile e o inventário de Burnout de Maslach (MBI). Os resultados revelam uma relação baixa e negativa entre as pontuações de despersonalização e reparação emocional na amostra. O sexo do docente, os anos de ensino universitário, ter cargos directivos ou estar em tratamento psicológico ou farmacológico não influem nos níveis de stress laboral e habilidades emocionais. Recomenda-se replicar esta pesquisa com amostras de docentes universitários de escolas de Educação Física em outras universidades, além do controle de outras variáveis como ansiedade, depressão, motivação, etc.

ABSTRACT Burnout syndrome is a state of physical and emotional exhaustion that involves a loss of interest in work, negative attitudes towards others, and low self-esteem. Emotional skills are defined as the ability to recognize and manage one's own emotions and the emotions of others. The aim of the present research was to analyze the relationship between levels of emotional skills and Burnout syndrome in university professors from Physical Education schools. A total of 31 university professors from two universities in Santiago, Chile, were evaluated. The Trait Meta-Mood Scale, validated in Physical Education students in Chile, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were employed. The results reveal a low and negative relationship between depersonalization and emotional repair scores in the sample. The professor's gender, years of university teaching experience, holding managerial positions, or undergoing psychological or pharmacological treatment do not influence levels of occupational stress and emotional skills. It is recommended to replicate this research with samples of university professors from Physical Education schools in other universities, controlling other variables such as anxiety, depression, motivation, etc.

RESUMEN El síndrome del Burnout es un estado de agotamiento físico y emocional que implica una pérdida del interés en el trabajo, actitudes negativas hacia los demás, y baja autoestima. Las habilidades emocionales se definen como capacidades para conocer y dominar emociones propias y de otros/as. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar la relación entre los niveles de habilidades emocionales y síndrome de Burnout en docentes universitarios de escuelas de Educación Física. Se evaluaron a 31 docentes universitarios de dos universidades de Santiago de Chile. Se aplicó la Escala de rasgo de metaconocimiento emocional validada en estudiantes de Educación Física de Chile y el inventario de Burnout de Maslach (MBI). Los resultados revelan una relación baja y negativa entre los puntajes de despersonalización y reparación emocional en la muestra. El sexo del docente, los años de docencia universitaria, tener cargos directivos o estar en tratamiento psicológico o farmacológico no influyen en los niveles de estrés laboral y habilidades emocionales. Se recomienda replicar esta investigación con muestras de docentes universitarios de escuelas de Educación Física en otras universidades, además del control de otras variables como ansiedad, depresión, motivación, etc.

ABSTRACT The connection between work fatigue and burnout syndrome has been the subject of growing interest due to its significant impact on the health and well-being of professionals, particularly in the educational context. The objective of the study is to evaluate the connection between work fatigue and the development of burnout syndrome specifically in teachers of the Catholic University of Cuenca - Cañar Extension. The methodology adopted is non-experimental, with a mixed approach that combines systematic, empirical and critical processes. The researchers analyzed and observed the problem without deliberately manipulating the study variables. The dimensions of burnout syndrome were highlighted, including emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and lack of personal fulfillment. Assessment tools such as the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and specific variants were presented, along with theoretical models and scales for measuring job burnout. Recognizing the relationship between these phenomena is important to implement preventive strategies and manage the health and well-being of teachers, highlighting the importance of adequate working conditions and early identification of symptoms.

RESUMEN La conexión entre la fatiga laboral y el síndrome de burnout ha sido objeto de creciente interés debido a su impacto significativo en la salud y bienestar de los profesionales, particularmente en el contexto educativo, el objetivo del estudio es evaluar la conexión entre la fatiga laboral y el desarrollo del síndrome de burnout específicamente en docentes de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca - Extensión Cañar. La metodología adoptada es no experimental, con un enfoque mixto que combina procesos sistemáticos, empíricos y críticos. Los investigadores analizaron y observaron la problemática sin manipular de forma deliberada las variables de estudio. Se destacaron las dimensiones del síndrome de burnout, incluyendo agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y falta de realización personal. Herramientas de evaluación como el Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) y variantes específicas fueron presentadas, junto con modelos teóricos y escalas para medir la fatiga laboral. Reconocer la relación entre estos fenómenos es importante para implementar estrategias preventivas y gestionar la salud y bienestar de los docentes, resaltando la importancia de condiciones laborales adecuadas y la identificación temprana de síntomas.