ABSTRACT Currently with a more demanding market, is necessary to produce better and high physiological quality cultivars of soybeans. In front of this new challenge, our objective was to evaluate the physiological quality of 11 soybean cultivars: CD201, SYN1263, SYN1279, BMX, UFLA1, CA115, CD215, CD202, Conquista, Savana, and BRS820 storage for 12 months. Evaluations were conducted through physiological like germination and vigor (accelerated aging and controlled deterioration) and isoenzymes analysis. The seeds were stored under controlled conditions at 10 °C and 10% relative humidity. It was assessed every four months (0, 4, 8, and 12). 200 seeds per treatment were used for each test, divided into 4 replications of 50 seeds. The number of normal plants was evaluated on the fifth and seventh days, expressed as a percentage value. Isoenzyme analysis of MDH, ADH, Esterase, and Catalase was made. The results were interpreted from the presence or absence of bands in the gel. An experimental design in randomized complete blocks, interpreting data using analysis of variance in a factorial scheme 11 x 4 (11 cultivars and 4 times of storage and averages compared by the test Scott-Knott 5% of probability and regression analysis. The statistical program used was Sisvar®. We found that cultivars Savana and Conquista showed low physiological quality, and the cultivars CD 215 and BMX showed high physiological quality during storage. market soybeans challenge 1 CD201 SYN1263 SYN SYN1279 UFLA1 UFLA CA115 CA CD215 CD202 BRS BRS82 accelerated deterioration C humidity 0, 0 (0 8 12. . 12) 20 5 days value MDH ADH Esterase made gel blocks (1 ScottKnott Scott Knott Sisvar Sisvar® 21 CD20 SYN126 SYN127 CA11 CD21 BRS8 ( 2 CD2 SYN12 CA1 SYN1

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a percepção de professores universitários sobre os determinantes da adoção de tecnologias de mercado no currículo dos cursos de graduação em Ciências Contábeis da América Latina. Este estudo é baseado na Teoria Unificada de Aceitação e Uso de Tecnologia 2 (UTAUT2). Foi realizada uma survey com professores de cursos de graduação em contabilidade localizados em países que fazem parte da América Latina, resultando em uma amostra de 151 professores distribuídos em 16 países. Os dados foram analisados por meio de uma abordagem de métodos mistos, utilizando Modelagem de Equações Estruturais - Mínimos Quadrados Parciais e Análise Comparativa Qualitativa fuzzy-set. Os resultados mostram a influência simétrica do hábito, expectativa de desempenho e influência social na adoção de tecnologias de mercado, independentemente da idade, experiência acadêmica ou gênero. Além disso, várias combinações assimétricas de condições acarretam em uma alta adoção de tecnologias de mercado nos currículos de contabilidade, com a expectativa de desempenho presente em todas as combinações possíveis. Latina UTAUT2. UTAUT2 UTAUT . (UTAUT2) 15 1 mistos fuzzyset. fuzzyset fuzzy set. set fuzzy-set hábito idade gênero disso possíveis (UTAUT2 (UTAUT

Abstract The aim of this article is to analyze the perception of university professors regarding the determinants of adopting market technologies in the curriculums of undergraduate accounting courses in Latin America. This study is based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2). A survey was conducted with professors from undergraduate accounting courses located in the countries that make up Latin America, resulting in a sample of 151 professors distributed among 16 countries. The data was analyzed through a mixed-method approach using Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling and fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis. The findings show the symmetrical influence of habit, performance expectancy, and social influence on the adoption of market technologies regardless of age, academic experience or gender. Furthermore, various asymmetrical combinations of conditions bring about a high adoption of market technologies in accounting curricula, with performance expectancy being present in all possible combinations. America UTAUT2. UTAUT2 UTAUT . (UTAUT2) 15 1 mixedmethod mixed method fuzzyset fuzzy set Analysis habit age gender Furthermore curricula (UTAUT2 (UTAUT

RESUMO: O melão de polpa alaranjada honeydew apresenta elevado potencial nutricional e econômico, sendo amplamente apreciado como fruta doce e refrescante. Portanto, avaliar amostras comerciais de produtos tão relevantes para o mercado de frutas frescas é de grande importância. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a capacidade antioxidante, os parâmetros de qualidade e a composição química de melões do mercado brasileiro. Os valores de pH e ºBrix determinados para as amostras de melão foram 6,5 ± 0,30 e 9,2 ± 0,80 g/100 g (peso fresco), respectivamente, o que está de acordo com os resultados esperados para melões de alta qualidade. A análise cromatográfica revelou a sacarose (49% do açúcar total) como principal açúcar, seguida pela frutose (30%) e glicose (21%). Os carotenóides, que estão diretamente ligados à cor laranja característica, apresentaram teor total de 270,59 µg/g (peso seco). Além disso, o maior valor de b* comparado ao valor de a* indica a maior contribuição da cor amarela. Quanto ao potencial antioxidante, além de apresentar capacidade antioxidante para ambos os métodos aplicados, DPPH e FRAP, níveis variando de 16,40 ± 0,21 µmol equivalente de ácido ascórbico/g a 56,98 ± 0,80 µmol equivalente de Trolox/g (peso seco) foram encontrados nos extratos de melão. Ademais, os resultados foram maiores em termos de FRAP do que em DPPH. Desta forma, os resultados destacam os melões avaliados como fontes valiosas de compostos bioativos, como carotenóides e fenólicos, que contribuem para suas propriedades antioxidantes. Além disso, análises de cor, pH e teor de sólidos solúveis totais também refletem os atributos de qualidade. RESUMO econômico refrescante Portanto importância brasileiro 65 6 5 6, 030 0 30 0,3 92 9 2 9, 080 80 0,8 g100 100 g/10 peso fresco, fresco , fresco) respectivamente 49% 49 (49 30% (30% 21%. 21 21% . (21%) característica 27059 270 59 270,5 µgg µg seco. seco disso b amarela aplicados 1640 16 40 16,4 021 0,2 ascórbicog ascórbico 5698 56 98 56,9 Troloxg Trolox Ademais forma bioativos fenólicos antioxidantes 03 3 0, 08 8 g10 10 g/1 4 (4 (30 (21% 2705 27 270, 164 1 16, 02 569 56, g1 g/ ( (3 (21 (2

ABSTRACT: Orange-fleshed non-netted honeydew melon has high nutritional and economic potential, being widely appreciated as a refreshing sweet fruit. Therefore, evaluating commercial samples of such relevant products for the fresh fruit market is of great importance. This study investigated the antioxidant capacity, quality parameters, and chemical composition of honeydew melons from the Brazilian market. The values of pH and °Brix determined for melon samples were 6.5 ± 0.30 and 9.2 ± 0.80 g/100 g (fresh weight), respectively, which agree with the results expected for high-quality melons. The chromatography analysis revealed sucrose (49% of total sugar) as the main sugar, followed by fructose (30%) and glucose (21%). Carotenoids, which are directly linked to the characteristic orange color, showed a total level of 270.59 µg/g (dry weight). Additionally, the higher b* value compared to a* value indicates the highest yellow contribution. Regarding the antioxidant assays, in addition to presenting antioxidant capacity for both methods applied, DPPH and FRAP, levels ranging from 16.40 ± 0.21 µmol ascorbic acid equivalent/g to 56.98 ± 0.80 µmol Trolox equivalent/g (dry weight) were reported in melon extracts. Moreover, the results were higher in terms of FRAP than DPPH. Therefore, the results underscore the evaluated honeydew melons as valuable sources of bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids and phenolics, which contribute to their antioxidant properties. Besides, analyses of color, pH, and total soluble solids content also reflect the quality attributes. ABSTRACT Orangefleshed Orange fleshed nonnetted non netted potential Therefore importance parameters Brix 65 6 5 6. 030 0 30 0.3 92 9 2 9. 080 80 0.8 g100 100 g/10 weight, weight , respectively highquality 49% 49 (49 sugar 30% (30% 21%. 21 21% . (21%) Carotenoids color 27059 270 59 270.5 µgg µg dry weight. Additionally b contribution assays applied 1640 16 40 16.4 021 0.2 equivalentg equivalent 5698 56 98 56.9 extracts Moreover compounds phenolics properties Besides attributes 03 3 0. 08 8 g10 10 g/1 4 (4 (30 (21% 2705 27 270. 164 1 16. 02 569 56. g1 g/ ( (3 (21 (2

Abstract The competitiveness of SMEs is relevant to analyze their development in the market, which increasingly requires better performance to remain relevant. Competitiveness must be analyzed comprehensively to have a better overview of these companies and know how they interact with their competitors. The objective of this article is to present an analysis of the level of competitiveness of SMEs in the municipality of Umán, Yucatán. The present work is with a quantitative and cross-sectional approach. In this research, the systemic competitiveness model was used, the study population was 95 companies with a sample of 77. The main findings of the work indicate that the companies studied have a high competitiveness index, where the quality assurance factor is one of the best evaluated, while the environmental management factor is one of those that obtained the lowest score.

Resumen La competitividad de las PyMEs resulta relevante para analizar su desarrollo en el mercado, el cual cada vez exige un mejor desempeño para que se mantengan vigentes. La competitividad debe ser analizada de forma integral para tener un mejor panorama de estas empresas y conocer cómo interactúan con sus competidores. El objetivo del presente artículo es presentar un análisis del nivel de competitividad de las PyMEs del municipio de Umán, Yucatán. El presente trabajo es con enfoque cuantitativo y de corte transversal. En esta investigación se empleó el modelo de la competitividad sistémica, la población de estudio fueron 95 empresas con una muestra de 77. Los principales hallazgos del trabajo indican que las empresas estudiadas presentan un alto índice de competitividad, donde el factor de aseguramiento de la calidad es uno de los mejores evaluados, mientras que el factor de la gestión ambiental es uno de los que obtuvieron menor puntaje

Abstract The objective of this research is to identify and describe the main domains and subdomains of the entrepreneurial ecosystem that drive entrepreneurship in Mexico and establish their relationship with the entrepreneurial intention. For this purpose, a structured direct questionnaire was developed which was applied to 1,141 students of accounting, administration, and computer science majors, from the Faculty of Accounting and Administration of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. A descriptive, correlational, and multivariate analysis was carried out. The results allow to know that the training of an entrepreneur integrates social, cultural and economic knowledge, which increases the probability of creating successful entrepreneurship; however, knowledge of the business environment does not represent a strength for students, specifically they lack knowledge about the financing sources. Regarding the students' perception about the market and human capital, it was found that they have a notion of the elements that allow increasing sales in an organization and know how to recognize the importance of human capital. On the other hand, students express concern about procedures and corruption, which are barriers that usually prevent entrepreneurship in Mexico; likewise, they require more information about entrepreneurship support services.

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar y describir los principales dominios y subdominios del ecosistema emprendedor que favorecen el emprendimiento en México, y establecer su relación con la intención de emprendimiento, para ello se elaboró un cuestionario directo estructurado el cual fue aplicado a 1,141 estudiantes de las carreras de contaduría, administración e informática, de la Facultad de Contaduría y Administración de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, se realizó un análisis descriptivo, correlacional y multivariado. Los resultados permiten saber que la formación de un emprendedor integra conocimientos sociales, culturales y económicos, lo cual incrementa las probabilidades de crear emprendimientos exitosos, sin embargo, el conocimiento del ambiente empresarial no representa una fortaleza para los estudiantes, específicamente carecen de conocimientos sobre las fuentes de financiamiento. Respecto a la percepción de los estudiantes acerca del mercado y del capital humano, se encontró que estos tienen noción de los elementos que permiten incrementar las ventas en una organización y saben reconocer la importancia del capital humano. Por otra parte, los estudiantes manifiestan preocupación por los trámites y la corrupción que son barreras que suelen impedir el emprendimiento en México; asimismo, requieren de más información sobre de los servicios de apoyo al emprendimiento.

RESUMEN El karaguata es un arbusto de la familia de las bromelias del cual se extrae fibra a fin de producir distintos productos, utilizado como recurso ancestral por las comunidades indígenas del Gran Chaco. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo la descripción del avance de los últimos años del uso del karaguata, teniendo a las comunidades de los Ayoreos de Carmelo Peralta y a los Nivaclé de Boquerón como casos de estudio. El método empleado es de enfoque cualitativo, nivel descriptivo de diseño etnográfico; la técnica es de análisis documental. Por medio de estos estudios se tiene como resultado que estas comunidades aborígenes han adquirido un cierto grado de tecnología y la apertura a un nuevo mercado de comercialización que pueden ofrecer soluciones económicas de desarrollo sustentable. Aunque se obtienen resultados positivos se requiere también tener en cuenta algunos aspectos de suma importancia a fin de sostener las mejoras significativas, como por ejemplo, el aprovisionamiento de la materia prima y el cuidado del valor simbólico y sociocultural de la producción hecha por los pueblos originarios. El artículo es un estudio introductorio a otros que pueden realizarse a futuro y que tengan como enfoque principal el examinar a más profundidad la producción, distribución y comercio del karaguata a nivel país.

ABSTRACT Karaguata is a shrub from the bromeliad family from which fiber is extracted in order to produce different products, used as an ancestral resource by the indigenous communities of the Gran Chaco. The objective of this research is to describe the progress in recent years in the use of Karaguata, taking the communities of the Ayoreos of Carmelo Peralta and the Nivaclé of Boquerón as case studies. The method used is a qualitative approach, descriptive level of ethnographic design; the technique is documentary analysis. Through these studies, the result is that these aboriginal communities have acquired a certain degree of technology and the opening to a new marketing market that can offer economic solutions for sustainable development. Although positive results are obtained, it is also necessary to take into account some extremely important aspects in order to sustain significant improvements, such as, for example, the provision of raw materials and the care of the symbolic and sociocultural value of the production made by the native peoples. The article is an introductory study to others that may be carried out in the future and whose main focus is to examine in more depth the production, distribution and trade of karaguata at the country level.

Abstract Introduction. The network of cattle mobilization for fattening in Mexico is complex. The purpose, volume, origin, and destination of the mobilized animals determine the economic structure and market network. Objective. To analyze the market structure of the national network of cattle for fattening in Mexico from 2017 to 2021. Materials and methods. The study considered all heads of cattle mobilized for fattening in 956 municipalities (supply) and 1173 destination municipalities (demand) within Mexico from 2017 to 2021. The market structure was analyzed using economic, density, and centrality measures from Social Network Analysis (SNA). Results. The network of cattle mobilization for fattening was composed of 31 sources and 32 destinations, with an average annual mobilization of of 3.9 million heads of cattle and 73.6 heads of cattle per mobilization. The most important states in cattle mobilization, both in origin and destination, were Chiapas and Durango. In all cattle sources and destinations, there was a high concentration of fattening steers, as they had low centrality and density measures throughout the network. Veracruz and Durango were the most influential both in origin and destination. Conclusions. The cattle fattening market network in Mexico has a structure with high density and low centrality. The degree of specialization, both in sources and destinations, is low. Supply is concentrated in the southeast, while demand is concentrated in the north and center of the country. This information allows the establishment of three networks: sanitary prevention, cattle traceability, and market information.

Resumen Introducción. La red de movilización de ganado bovino para engorda en México es compleja. El motivo, volumen, origen y destino de los animales movilizados, determinan la estructura económica y red de mercado. Objetivo. Analizar la estructura de mercado de la red nacional de bovinos para engorda en México de 2017 a 2021. Materiales y métodos. El estudio consideró todas las cabezas de ganado movilizado para engorda en 956 municipios de origen (oferta) y 1173 municipios de destino (demanda) dentro de México del año 2017 a 2021. La estructura del mercado se analizó con medidas económicas, de densidad y centralidad del Análisis de Redes Sociales (ARS). Resultados. La red de movilización de bovinos para engorda se conformó con 31 orígenes y 32 destinos, un promedio anual de 3,9 millones de cabezas de ganado bovino movilizadas y 73,6 cabezas de ganado por movilización. Los Estados más importantes en la movilización de ganado, en origen y destino, fueron Chiapas y Durango. En todos los orígenes y destinos del ganado se encontró una alta concentración de novillo para engorda, porque tuvieron medidas de centralidad y densidad bajas de toda la red. Tanto en origen como en destino Veracruz y Durango fueron los más influyentes. Conclusiones. La red de mercado de bovinos para engorda en México tiene una estructura con alta densidad y baja centralidad. El grado de especialización, tanto de orígenes y destinos, es bajo. La oferta se concentra en el sureste y la demanda en el norte y centro del país. Esta información permite establecer tres redes: prevención sanitaria, trazabilidad del ganado e información de mercados.

Resumen En el contexto de la economía política internacional, el régimen de protección de derechos humanos y el régimen de inversores extranjeros atraviesan tensiones como resultado de una arquitectura jurídica que privilegia la libertad de capitales. Un análisis de contenido del Acuerdo de Escazú revelaría, respecto al acceso a la justicia en temas ambientales, que las personas y la sociedad civil acceden a instancias judiciales y administrativas contempladas en la legislación nacional de cada país, mientras que los inversores extranjeros, bajo la figura de los tratados bilaterales de inversión (TBI) y libre comercio (TLC), recurren a la justicia mediante tribunales de arbitraje internacional que no siempre son independientes, imparciales y que privilegian los intereses del mercado. Esta arquitectura jurídica condiciona el accionar de los Estados frente a la sociedad civil y sus derechos. El Acuerdo de Escazú atraviesa desafíos jurídicos frente al régimen de protección a los inversores, en el cual las garantías económicas limitan las acciones concretas para abordar la crisis climática, proteger el medioambiente o hacer efectivos los derechos humanos.

Abstract In the context of the international political economy, the human rights protection regime and the foreign investor regime are in tension because of a legal architecture that privileges freedom of capital. A content analysis of the Escazú Agreement would reveal, with respect to access to justice in environmental matters, that individuals and civil society have access to judicial and administrative instances contemplated in national legislation, while foreign investors under bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and free trade agreements (FTAs) have access to justice through international arbitration tribunals that are not always independent, impartial and that privilege the interests of the market. This legal architecture conditions the actions of States in relation to society and its rights. The conclusions point out that the Escazú Agreement faces legal challenges in terms of the investor protection regime, where economic guarantees limit concrete actions to address the climate crisis, protect the environment or enforce human rights.

Abstract In retail markets, analysis of perceived value in purchasing processes has been a topic of special interest as it focuses on perception of benefits beyond the product itself. In the face of such interest, an exhaustive bibliographical review was performed regarding its concept and components applied to retail dealers. The methodology is quantitative and cross-sectional, with a descriptive and explanative analysis through structural equation models to analyze the effect of dimensions in perceived value in the dependent variable of intent to purchase. Applied surveys on 390 recurring customers of retail dealers in Bogota. The results revealed that: functional value does have a positive effect on intent to purchase; and there is a relation between functional and symbolic value of purchase. The implications of management in the context of marketing are further discussed, focusing on functional value of a purchase. Actions related to quality, communication, employee training and customer service are recommended. These findings contribute to the literature on consumer behavior within the context of consumption by comparing functional and symbolic value.

Resumen En el ámbito del comercio minorista, el análisis del valor percibido en el proceso de compra ha sido objeto de especial interés por enfocarse en la percepción de beneficios que van más allá del producto en sí. Ante tal interés, se realizó una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica sobre su concepto y componentes aplicado a establecimientos minoristas. La metodología es cuantitativa y transversal, con un análisis descriptivo y explicativo a través de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales para analizar el efecto de las dimensiones del valor percibido en la variable dependiente de la intención de compra. Se aplicaron encuestas a 390 a clientes habituales de comercios minoristas en Bogotá. Los resultados revelaron que el valor funcional tiene un efecto positivo en la intención de compra; y existe una relación entre el valor funcional y el valor simbólico de la compra. Se discuten las implicaciones de la gestión en el ámbito del marketing, centrándose en el valor funcional de la compra. Se sugieren acciones relacionadas con la calidad, la comunicación, la capacitación de los empleados y el servicio al cliente. Estos hallazgos contribuyen a la literatura sobre el comportamiento del consumidor en el contexto del consumo, al comparar el valor funcional y el valor simbólico.

Resumo Dentro do âmbito do comercio de retalho, a análise do valor percebido no processo de compra tem sido objeto de interesse especial por se focalizar em a percepção de benefícios que vão mais longe do produto direito. Com esse interesse, fez-se uma revisão exaustiva da literatura de seu conceito e componentes aplicados aos estabelecimentos de retalho. A metodologia é quantitativa e transversal, com uma análise descritiva e explicativa por meio de modelos de equações estruturares para analisar o efeito das dimensões do valor percebido na variável dependente da intenção de compra. Fizeram-se pesquisas em 390 clientes usuais de lojas de retalho em Bogotá. Os resultados revelaram que: o valor funcional tem um efeito positivo na intenção de compra; e existe uma relação entre o valor funcional e o valor simbólico da compra. Discutem-se as implicações da gestão no âmbito do marketing, focalizando-se no valor funcional da compra. Sugerem-se ações relacionadas à qualidade, comunicação, capacitação dos empregados y serviço ao cliente. Os resultados contribuem à literatura com relação ao comportamento do consumidor no contexto do consumo, ao comparar o valor funcional e o valor simbólico.

RESUMEN La industria del tabaco, como cualquier otra, es participe del producto interno bruto y la generación de empleo en cualquier país. No obstante, los gobiernos han establecido mecanismos fiscales para erradicar su consumo, debido a las enfermedades que ocasiona como cáncer pulmonar, bronquitis crónica; lo que puede llevar a la muerte. En este sentido, se propone una aplicación de un modelo de externalidades para la producción de tabaco en México. Se obtuvieron dos mecanismos para la erradicación del tabaco, uno de ellos implica que las empresas disminuyan salarios de los trabajadores por el aumento de impuestos; el segundo, aumentar precios del tabaco permitiendo que las empresas equilibren su presupuesto. Ambos mecanismos implican un desajuste presupuestal para los ciudadanos, pero el segundo es una solución socialmente optima, pues solo se ven afectados los consumidores de tabaco y no así los que dependen del empleo y salario de la empresa.

ABSTRACT The tobacco industry, like any other, is a participant in the gross domestic product and the generation of employment in any country. However, governments have established fiscal mechanisms to eradicate its consumption, due to the diseases it causes such as lung cancer, chronic bronchitis; what can lead to death. In this sense, an application of an externalities model for tobacco production in Mexico is proposed. Two mechanisms were obtained for the eradication of tobacco; one of them implies that companies reduce workers' wages due to the increase in taxes. A second is to increase tobacco prices allowing companies to balance their budget. Both mechanisms imply a budget imbalance for citizens, but the second is a socially optimal solution, since only tobacco users are affected and not those who depend on the company's employment and salary.

Abstract Introduction: Semaprochilodus laticeps is a freshwater fish species native to the Orinoco Basin that is exploited in Colombia at two different stages of its life cycle: fry (for the ornamental trade) and adults (for the consumer market). This double exploitation of juveniles and adults raises concerns about the population stability of the species. Objective: To evaluate the sustainability of the exploitation of the species in these two life stages. Methods: 1 277 specimens of S. laticeps were sampled between June and December 2017. Population parameters were estimated from length-frequency data using ELEFAN 1 routine of the FISAT II package. Length at first maturity (Lm) and length at maximum yield (Lopt) were determined using the Froese and Binohlan equations. Virtual population analysis was performed based on Jones length cohort analysis. Results: Population parameters were as follows: K = 0.75, L∞ = 53.1 cm LE, Z = 2.92 yr-1, M = 1.24 yr-1 and F = 1.68. Lm was estimated to be 29.6 cm SL and Lopt at 33.4 cm SL. Of note, 96.3 % of the fish caught in the consumer fishery exceeded Lm and 80 % exceeded Lopt. The results of the virtual population analysis suggested that a very low proportion (0.85 %) of the population was caught as fry, possibly due to natural mortality. Conclusions: Based on the results, as no indicators of overexploitation were identified, it is recommended to continue with the dual use of S. laticeps. It is recommended to maintain the existing conservation measures, such as the closed season during the reproductive period, to ensure sustainable fishery exploitation. The results obtained can serve as a reference to analyze the situation of other species currently fished for both the ornamental (fry) and food (adult) markets.

Resumen Introducción: Semaprochilodus laticeps es una especie de pez de agua dulce originaria de la cuenca del Orinoco, explotada en Colombia en dos etapas distintas de su ciclo de vida: alevín (para el comercio ornamental) y adulto (para el mercado de consumo). Esta doble explotación de alevines y adultos genera preocupación sobre la estabilidad poblacional de la especie. Objetivo: Evaluar la sostenibilidad de la explotación de la especie en estas dos etapas de vida. Método: Entre junio y diciembre de 2017 se muestrearon 1 277 ejemplares de S. laticeps. Los parámetros poblacionales se estimaron utilizando datos de frecuencia de tallas con la rutina ELEFAN 1 del paquete FISAT II. La longitud de primera madurez (Lm) y la de máximo rendimiento (Lopt) se determinaron mediante ecuaciones de Froese y Binohlan. El análisis de la población virtual se realizó basándose en el análisis de cohorte de longitud de Jones. Resultados: Los parámetros poblacionales fueron los siguientes: K = 0.75, L∞ = 53.1 cm LE, Z = 2.92 año-1, M = 1.24 año-1 y F = 1.68. Lm se estimó en 29.6 cm SL y Lopt en 33.4 cm SL. En particular, el 96.3 % del pescado capturado en la pesquería de consumo superó Lm y el 80 % superó Lopt. El análisis de la población virtual sugirió que una fracción muy baja (0.85 %) de la población fue capturada como alevines, posiblemente atribuible a la mortalidad natural. Conclusiones: Con base en los hallazgos, al no identificarse indicadores de sobreexplotación, se recomienda continuar con el doble uso de S. laticeps. Se recomienda mantener las medidas de protección existentes, así como una veda durante el período reproductivo, para garantizar una explotación pesquera sostenible. Los resultados obtenidos pueden servir como referencia para analizar la situación de otras especies actualmente capturadas para el mercado tanto ornamental como de consumo.

Abstract Promoting transparency is seen as one of the key mechanisms for generating trust in the work of journalists and thereby strengthening democracies. The principle is that making information about media ownership, funding, and editorial decision-making criteria public enhances understanding of the less visible aspects of journalistic production, thus increasing credibility by identifying potential conflicts of interest. In recent years, technological development, particularly the internet’s growing capabilities, coupled with the crisis in journalism’s business models, which is jeopardising traditional funding models, has led to the emergence of entrepreneurial journalistic projects that claim to be alternative and independent. These projects seek to distinguish themselves from mainstream journalism through their structure, funding and ownership models, and they find a strategy for promoting transparency that sets them apart from traditional media. This article aims to identify and analyse the transparency promotion practices of these journalistic projects, relating them to a strategy of affirmation in the news market.

Resumo A promoção da transparência é vista como um dos mecanismos para gerar confiança no trabalho dos jornalistas e, por essa via, fortalecer as democracias. O princípio é o de que tornar públicas as informações sobre a propriedade dos meios de comunicação jornalísticos, o seu financiamento e os critérios gerais que suportam as suas decisões editoriais contribui para o conhecimento sobre o lado menos visível da produção jornalística e, assim, credibilizar o jornalismo, identificando eventuais pontos de conflito. Nos últimos anos, o desenvolvimento tecnológico, em particular com o aumento das potencialidades da internet, a par da crise dos modelos de negócio do jornalismo, que coloca em causa modelos tradicionais de financiamento, tem motivado o aparecimento de projetos jornalísticos empreendedores que se afirmam como alternativos e independentes. Estes projetos procuram distanciar-se do jornalismo tradicional no que diz respeito à sua estrutura, modelos de financiamento e de propriedade e encontram na promoção da transparência uma estratégia que os distingue dos média tradicionais. O presente artigo pretende identificar e estudar as práticas de promoção da transparência destes projetos jornalísticos, relacionando-as com uma estratégia de afirmação no mercado das notícias.

RESUMEN El desarrollo del análisis se centra en identificar un conjunto de prácticas efectivas que contribuyan a mejorar la sostenibilidad en la cadena de suministro de cafés especiales. Metodológicamente, el análisis se fundamenta en un ejercicio de análisis de contenido temático en un corpus evaluado a través de un indicador construido que permite medir el impacto estructural de artículos científicos en la base de datos de Web of Science. Como resultado, se identificaron tres categorías de análisis para las prácticas que incluyen múltiples dimensiones de análisis: Tecnología y procesos de producción sostenible; Impacto ambiental y calidad del café; y, Comportamiento del consumidor y valor agregado. A partir de estos hallazgos, se contribuye a responder cómo se pueden mejorar las prácticas de producción, comercialización y consumo de cafés especiales para lograr una mayor sostenibilidad en la cadena de suministro en el mercado internacional. CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: DI2,Q01,Q13,Q57

RESUMO O desenvolvimento da análise se concentra na identificação de um conjunto de práticas eficazes que contribuem para melhorar a sustentabilidade na cadeia de suprimentos de cafés especiais. Metodologicamente, a análise baseia-se em um exercício de análise de conteúdo temático em um corpus avaliado por meio de um indicador construído para medir o impacto estrutural de artigos científicos na base de dados Web of Science. Como resultado, foram identificadas três categorias de análise para as práticas que incluem várias dimensões de análise: Tecnologia e processos de produção sustentáveis; Impacto ambiental e qualidade do café; e Comportamento do consumidor e valor agregado. Com base nessas descobertas, o estudo contribui para responder como as práticas de produção, marketing e consumo de cafés especiais podem ser aprimoradas para alcançar maior sustentabilidade na cadeia de suprimentos no mercado internacional. CLASSIFICAÇÃO JEL: D12,Q01,Q13,Q57

ABSTRACT The development of the analysis focuses on identifying a set of effective practices that contribute to improving sustainability in the special coffee supply chain. Methodologically the analysis is based on a thematic content analysis exercise in a corpus evaluated through a constructed indicator that allows measuring the structural impact of scientific articles in the Web of Science database. As a result, three categories of analysis were identified for the practices, which include multiple dimensions of analysis: Technology and sustainable production processes; Environmental impact and coffee quality; and Consumer behavior and added value. From these findings, it contributes to answering how production, marketing, and consumption practices of special coffees can be improved to achieve greater sustainability in the international market supply chain. JEL CLASSIFICATION: D12,Q01,Q13,Q57

There is widespread agreement that skills development is a vital dimension of the just energy transition (JET). Skills development for JET is rapidly emerging and involves complex inter-sectoral systems of skills development and new methods for demand analysis. Currently in South Africa, learning pathways into green jobs, enterprise development and more sustainable job options, including those required for JET at entry and technical levels, are unclear, ad hoc and fragmented. At best, we have fragmented offerings of courses and qualifications and few systemic approaches to skills analysis and development. There is also a narrow reliance on supply and demand discourses that are ill-fitting for the type of skills that need to be developed. Drawing on a group of regional and local studies focusing on skills supply and demand for JET, the paper analyses the responsiveness of skills systems, with specific focus on institutions and institutional arrangements that underpin skills planning and anticipation. The paper critiques the metaphor of 'supply' and 'demand', which, it argues, is the wrong lens, as it focuses attention on certain parts of the skills system dislocated from the broader conditions that they are imbedded in. We pose new methodological questions for engaged skills research that can enable a green and just future, and the systemic transformations that are needed to catalyse a low-carbon transition. SIGNIFICANCE: The research findings offer a critical reflection on the current approach to research focused on skills for the just energy transition. The review highlights the limitations of the dominant supply-demand approach of skills analysis, and we argue that it promotes a neoliberal, market-led discourse on skills that privileges industry and excludes the voices of communities and workers.

This paper aims to discuss the different activist strategies that vegans use on social media platforms, especially Facebook and YouTube, in Brazil. The popularization of veganism in the country is directly linked to the arrival of the internet and the emergence of so-called “virtual communities” that have strengthened their own political actions expressed through food activism. Therefore, when analyzing veganism as a social movement, it is important to understand how it uses social media platforms in different ways to organize, act, engage and resonate with styles, identities, consumer goods and active political organizations, capable of competing in the global market of the traditionally dominant value chain. The methodologies were a literature review and a content analysis of data collected from November 2021 to April 2022 on two social media platforms: Facebook and YouTube. In the first, a netnography was carried out in two online groups. On YouTube, data was collected using the online tool YouTube Data Tolls, which searched for videos published during the aforementioned period with references to vegan issues, and created a network of the main channels that shared this content. By analyzing this data, it was possible to identify how the vegan movement has strengthened in Brazil through the use of and active engagement with social media, which contributes to the consolidation of lifestyles in terms of the production, circulation and consumption of material and symbolic goods.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo discutir as diferentes estratégias de ativismos que os veganos utilizam em plataformas de mídias sociais, especialmente Facebook e YouTube, no Brasil. A popularização do veganismo no país está diretamente ligada as chegadas da internet e à emergência das chamadas "comunidades virtuais" que fortaleceram ações políticas próprias expressas pelo ativismo alimentar. Diante disso, ao analisar o veganismo enquanto um movimento social, torna-se importante compreender como o mesmo utiliza, de maneiras diferentes, plataformas de mídia sociais para organizar, agir, engajar e repercutir estilos, identidades, bens de consumo e organizações políticas ativas, capazes de disputarem o mercado global da cadeia de valores tradicionalmente dominantes. As metodologias foram as revisão bibliográfica e uma análise de conteúdo de dados coletados, durante o período de novembro de 2021 a abril de 2022, em duas plataformas de mídias sociais: Facebook e YouTube. Na primeira, foi realizada uma netnografia em dois grupos online. No YouTube, uma coleta de dados a partir da ferramenta online YouTube Data Tolls em que foram buscados vídeos publicados, durante o período já mencionado, com referências a temática vegana, e criada uma rede dos principais canais que compartilharam esse conteúdo. A partir da análise desses dados, foi possível identificar como o movimento vegano se fortaleceu no Brasil a partir do uso e engajamento ativo nas mídias sociais, que colaboram para a consolidação de estilos de vida em termos de produção, circulação e consumo de bens materiais e simbólicos.