RESUMO O trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a influência da atenção e do ceticismo na avaliação do falso discurso mercadológico com apelo ambiental (greenwashing). O suporte teórico da pesquisa assentou-se no estudo do processo da atenção (compreendido em termos de pré-atenção e atenção), assim como da prática de greenwashing e o ceticismo do consumidor. O procedimento metodológico adotou uma abordagem hipotético-dedutiva, realizada por meio de dois experimentos presenciais (n=129 e n=159) com desenho fatorial 2 (atenção/pré-atenção) x 2 (ceticismo presente/ausente), com a mensuração de quatro métricas de interesse (avaliação dos atributos, julgamento acerca da prática de greenwashing, reação emocional ao anúncio e comportamento ambiental de compra), somada ao monitoramento ocular (eyetracker). Foram empregadas a ANOVA one-way para as análises unidimensionais e a ANOVA pelo modelo linear geral (GLM) para as análises multivariadas, com o teste post hoc de Tukey. Como resultado, foi possível observar uma melhor avaliação da prática de greenwashing quando da junção da pré-atenção e da ausência do ceticismo, o que configura um cenário de potencialidade da capacidade de influência desse falso discurso mercadológico no comportamento do consumidor. greenwashing. . (greenwashing) assentouse assentou se compreendido préatenção pré atenção, , atenção) consumidor hipotéticodedutiva, hipotéticodedutiva hipotético dedutiva, dedutiva hipotético-dedutiva n=129 n129 n 129 (n=12 n=159 n159 159 atenção/préatenção atençãopréatenção atenção/pré (atenção/pré-atenção presente/ausente, presenteausente presente/ausente presente ausente presente/ausente) atributos compra, compra compra) eyetracker. eyetracker (eyetracker) oneway one way GLM (GLM multivariadas Tukey resultado (greenwashing n=12 n12 12 (n=1 n=15 n15 15 atençãopré (eyetracker n=1 n1 1 (n= n= (n

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of attention and skepticism in the evaluation of false market discourse with an environmental appeal (greenwashing). The theoretical support for the research was based on the study of the attention process (understood in terms of pre-attention and attention), as well as the practice of greenwashing and consumer skepticism. The methodological procedure adopted a hypothetical-deductive approach, carried out through two face-to-face experiments (n=129 and n=159) with a 2 factorial design (attention/pre-attention) x 2 (present/absent skepticism), with the measurement of four interest metrics (attribute evaluation, judgment about the practice of greenwashing, emotional reaction to the advertisement, and environmental purchase behavior), added to eye tracking. One-way ANOVA was used for one-dimensional analyzes and general linear model (GLM) ANOVA for multivariate analyses, with Tukey's post hoc test. As a result, it was possible to observe a better evaluation of the practice of greenwashing when pre-attentiveness and the absence of skepticism were combined, which sets up a potential scenario for the influence of this false marketing discourse on consumer behavior. greenwashing. . (greenwashing) understood preattention pre attention, , attention) hypotheticaldeductive hypothetical deductive approach facetoface face n=129 n129 n 129 (n=12 n=159 n159 159 attention/preattention attentionpreattention attention/pre (attention/pre-attention present/absent presentabsent present absent skepticism, skepticism) attribute advertisement behavior, behavior behavior) tracking Oneway One way onedimensional one dimensional GLM (GLM analyses Tukeys Tukey s test result preattentiveness attentiveness combined (greenwashing n=12 n12 12 (n=1 n=15 n15 15 attentionpre n=1 n1 1 (n= n= (n

Resumen Introducción. La red de movilización de ganado bovino para engorda en México es compleja. El motivo, volumen, origen y destino de los animales movilizados, determinan la estructura económica y red de mercado. Objetivo. Analizar la estructura de mercado de la red nacional de bovinos para engorda en México de 2017 a 2021. Materiales y métodos. El estudio consideró todas las cabezas de ganado movilizado para engorda en 956 municipios de origen (oferta) y 1173 municipios de destino (demanda) dentro de México del año 2017 a 2021. La estructura del mercado se analizó con medidas económicas, de densidad y centralidad del Análisis de Redes Sociales (ARS). Resultados. La red de movilización de bovinos para engorda se conformó con 31 orígenes y 32 destinos, un promedio anual de 3,9 millones de cabezas de ganado bovino movilizadas y 73,6 cabezas de ganado por movilización. Los Estados más importantes en la movilización de ganado, en origen y destino, fueron Chiapas y Durango. En todos los orígenes y destinos del ganado se encontró una alta concentración de novillo para engorda, porque tuvieron medidas de centralidad y densidad bajas de toda la red. Tanto en origen como en destino Veracruz y Durango fueron los más influyentes. Conclusiones. La red de mercado de bovinos para engorda en México tiene una estructura con alta densidad y baja centralidad. El grado de especialización, tanto de orígenes y destinos, es bajo. La oferta se concentra en el sureste y la demanda en el norte y centro del país. Esta información permite establecer tres redes: prevención sanitaria, trazabilidad del ganado e información de mercados.

Abstract Introduction. The network of cattle mobilization for fattening in Mexico is complex. The purpose, volume, origin, and destination of the mobilized animals determine the economic structure and market network. Objective. To analyze the market structure of the national network of cattle for fattening in Mexico from 2017 to 2021. Materials and methods. The study considered all heads of cattle mobilized for fattening in 956 municipalities (supply) and 1173 destination municipalities (demand) within Mexico from 2017 to 2021. The market structure was analyzed using economic, density, and centrality measures from Social Network Analysis (SNA). Results. The network of cattle mobilization for fattening was composed of 31 sources and 32 destinations, with an average annual mobilization of of 3.9 million heads of cattle and 73.6 heads of cattle per mobilization. The most important states in cattle mobilization, both in origin and destination, were Chiapas and Durango. In all cattle sources and destinations, there was a high concentration of fattening steers, as they had low centrality and density measures throughout the network. Veracruz and Durango were the most influential both in origin and destination. Conclusions. The cattle fattening market network in Mexico has a structure with high density and low centrality. The degree of specialization, both in sources and destinations, is low. Supply is concentrated in the southeast, while demand is concentrated in the north and center of the country. This information allows the establishment of three networks: sanitary prevention, cattle traceability, and market information.

Resumen. Los tambores y roncadores (Sciaenidae) son parte importante de la composición específica de las capturas costeras en el Golfo de California, México. Dentro de este grupo de especies, la curvina rayada (Cynoscion reticulatus) destaca por su alto potencial pesquero, gran demanda y debido a que ha incrementado su valor de mercado. La curvina rayada ha estado bajo constante presión pesquera durante los últimos 20 años. Sin embargo, se necesita contar con información biológica actual o puntos de referencia que permitan establecer medidas de manejo pesquero. Por tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue estimar la longitud estándar media de madurez sexual (LE 50 ) utilizando varios modelos para sugerir una talla mínima de captura (TMC) de C. reticulatus en la costa sur de Sinaloa. Para esto, se realizaron muestreos mensuales en las descargas de la flota costera desde diciembre de 2020 hasta diciembre de 2021 en la costa sur de Sinaloa. La LE 50 se evaluó con base en 3 modelos candidatos (Gompertz, Lysack y White) a través de un enfoque binomial. Los intervalos de confianza para la LE 50 se estimaron utilizando perfiles y contornos de verosimilitud, y se utilizó el criterio de información de Akaike (CIA) para seleccionar el mejor modelo. Se examinaron un total de 284 individuos, de los cuales 131 se utilizaron en el análisis. El modelo de White fue el más adecuado; sin embargo, con base en los pesos de CIA, los 3 modelos mostraron un rendimiento similar, por lo que la LE50 (24.48 cm; IC 95% 12.9-36.0 cm) se estimó como el promedio de estos. Por último, como medida de manejo, proponemos una TMC bajo un enfoque precautorio de 36 cm LE para C. reticulatus en la costa sur de Sinaloa.

Abstract. Drums and croakers (Sciaenidae) are important to the species composition of coastal catches in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Among these species, the striped corvina (Cynoscion reticulatus) stands out because of its high fishery potential, high demand, and increased market value. The striped croaker has been under constant fishing pressure over the past 20 years. Still, there needs to be current biological information or reference points to allow the establishment of management measures for fisheries. The objective of the present study was to estimate the mean standard length at sexual maturity (SL 50 ) of females using various models and to suggest a minimum catch size (MCS) for C. reticulatus off the southern coast of Sinaloa. Monthly samplings of coastal fishery landings were done from December 2020 to December 2021 on the south coast of Sinaloa. The SL 50 was evaluated based on 3 candidate models (Gompertz, Lysack, and White) through a binomial approach. Confidence intervals for SL 50 were estimated using likelihood profiles and contours, and Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) was used to select the best model. A total of 284 individuals were examined, of which 131 were used in calculations. White’s model was the most adequate; however, based on AIC weights, all 3 models performed similarly, and SL 50 (24.48 cm; C.I. 95% 12.9-70 36.0 cm) was estimated as their average. As a management measure, we propose a precautionary MCS of 36 cm SL for C. reticulatus off southern Sinaloa.

Resumen: Esta investigación analiza la relación entre comportamiento de consumo sostenible con la percepción, las prácticas y los atributos percibidos en los productos y los fabricantes en torno al consumo responsable en la generación Z. Para esto se hizo un estudio descriptivo, con enfoque cuantitativo. Se aplicó una encuesta en formato digital a 903 adultos nacidos a partir de 1995 en la ciudad de Bogotá. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio para identificar si las variables se agrupan en los constructos propuestos, seguido se realizó un modelo causal a partir de un análisis de ecuaciones estructurales, con la metodología de bootstraping con el fin de validar las hipótesis propuestas. Los resultados comprueban la existencia de los factores propuestos y se identificó que los hábitos de consumo responsable, la actitud hacia el consumo responsable y los atributos del producto inciden en el comportamiento de consumo sostenible, sin embargo, los atributos percibidos del fabricante no tienen una relación directa con este, aunque cuando los atributos del fabricante son mediados por los atributos del producto existe incidencia. Estos hallazgos aportan al conocimiento científico ya que la literatura actual no ha analizado la relación entre el fabricante con producción responsable y los atributos de productos de consumo responsable percibidos por el consumidor. Por tal razón, los fabricantes deben mejorar sus esfuerzos en comunicar y llevar al mercado productos amigables con el medio ambiente.

Abstract: This research analyzes the relationship between sustainable consumption behavior with perception, practices and perceived attributes in products and manufacturers around responsible consumption in generation Z. For this a descriptive study was made, quantitatively. A digital survey was carried out on 903 adults born in Bogotá since 1995. The statistical analysis was performed using a confirmatory factor analysis to identify if the variables are grouped in the proposed constructs, followed by a causal model based on an analysis of structural equations, with the bootstraping methodology in order to validate the proposed hypotheses. The results prove the existence of the proposed factors and it was identified that responsible consumption habits, attitude towards responsible consumption and product attributes affect sustainable consumption behavior, However, the perceived attributes of the manufacturer do not have a direct relationship with it, although when the attributes of the manufacturer are mediated by the attributes of the product there is incidence. These findings contribute to scientific knowledge since the current literature has not analyzed the relationship between the manufacturer with responsible production and the attributes of responsible consumer products perceived by the consumer. For this reason, manufacturers must improve their efforts to communicate and bring environmentally friendly products to market.

Resumen: En el escenario competitivo del sector bancario, las actividades de marketing y branding se han convertido en un elemento crucial para el éxito a largo plazo de las instituciones financieras. Desde la gestión del brand equity, la confianza y la lealtad son esenciales, no solo en los procesos operativos con los usuarios, sino en la consolidación de la marca como un activo estratégico. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la multidimensionalidad del brand equity para el sector bancario desde la perspectiva de la generación Z. Se desarrolla un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, analítico y de corte transversal, utilizando el análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio a partir de un instrumento aplicado de forma on line a personas pertenecientes a este segmento generacional. Los hallazgos infieren que el brand equity en el sector bancario dirigido a la generación Z está conformado por las siguientes dimensiones: fidelidad e importancia de la marca (FIM), calidad percibida (CP), asociación de marca (AM), rendimiento de la marca (RM) y conciencia de la marca (CM). Se concluye que el sector bancario debe seguir consolidando su brand equity como actividad estratégica a partir de dichas dimensiones, fortaleciendo el posicionamiento de sus marcas, su participación y su orientación al mercado, garantizando el entendimiento de las necesidades, deseos y comportamientos de la generación Z.

Abstract: In the competitive scenario of the banking sector, marketing and branding activities have become a crucial element for the long-term success of financial institutions. From the perspective of brand equity management, trust and loyalty are essential, not only in the operational processes with users, but also in the consolidation of the brand as a strategic asset. The aim of this research was to analyse the multidimensionality of brand equity for the banking sector from the perspective of Generation Z. A quantitative, analytical, and cross-sectional study was carried out, using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis based on an instrument applied online to people belonging to this generational segment. The findings infer that brand equity in the banking sector aimed at Generation Z is made up of the following dimensions: brand loyalty and importance (BLI), perceived quality (PQ), brand association (BA), brand performance (BP) and brand awareness (BA). It is concluded that the banking sector must continue to consolidate its brand equity as a strategic activity based on these dimensions, strengthening its brand positioning, market share and market orientation, ensuring an understanding of the needs, desires, and behaviours of Generation Z.

Abstract Pig Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome (PRRS) is a disease with economic repercussions for pig farmers worldwide as it causes low feed efficiency and, therefore, less weight gain in the fattening stage. The effect of dietary supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), turmeric oleoresin and capsicum (EP, plant extracts) on the productive performance of fattening pigs and on the health of a herd affected by PRRS was evaluated. Nine-hundred and sixty fattening pigs with an initial average weight of 5.21 ± 0.065 kg was randomly assigned to one of four treatments, T1, control; T2, DHA; T3, EP; T4, DHA+EP. The variables analyzed were weight at day 70 of life (P70), weight at market (PM), daily weight gain at day 70 of life (GDP70), daily weight gain to market (GDPM), feed conversion at day 70 of life (CA70) and feed conversion at market (CAM). T2 and T4 diets exceeded the control and T3 in P70 and GDP (P < 0.05), T2 and T4 did better than the control and T3 in CA70 (P < 0.05). T2, T3, and T4 surpasssed the control in PM (P < 0.05). All pigs had antibodies against PRRS throughout the study, although pigs in the second fattening cycle showed higher IgG values for T2 and T4. The cost of production for T2, T3 and T4 was lower for GDPM, CAM and PM. In conclusion, the treatments T2, T3, and T4 were superior to the control in PM and therefore, the use of DHA and phylogens wasp cost-effective.

Resumen El Síndrome Respiratorio y Reproductivo del Cerdo (PRRS) es una enfermedad que impacta económicamente a la porcicultora, pues provoca baja eficiencia alimenticia y menor ganancia de peso en la fase de engorda. Se evaluó el efecto de adicionar la dieta con ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA), oleorresina de cúrcuma y capsicum (EP, extractos de plantas) sobre el desempeño productivo de cerdos en engorda y en la salud de una piara con PRRS. Novecientos sesenta cerdos con un peso promedio inicial de 5.21 ± 0.065 kg fueron asignados a uno de cuatro tratamientos: T1, testigo; T2, DHA; T3, EP; T4, DHA+EP. Las variables fueron: peso al día 70 (P70), peso a la salida al mercado (PM), ganancia diaria de peso al día 70 (GDP70), ganancia diaria de peso al mercado (GDPM), conversión alimenticia al día 70 (CA70) y conversión alimenticia a la salida al mercado (CAM). P70 y GDP mostraron que las dietas T2 y T4 (P < 0.05) superaron al testigo y a T3. En CA70, los cerdos de T2 y T4 fueron mejores que el testigo y T3 (P < 0.05). En PM, T2, T3 y T4 superaron al testigo (P < 0.05). Todos los cerdos fueron positivos a PRRS durante todo el estudio, aunque los cerdos del segundo ciclo de engorda mostraron más IgG en T2 y T4. El costo de producción para T2, T3 y T4 fue menor para GDPM, CAM y PM. En conclusión, las dietas experimentales fueron superiores al testigo en PM y, por ende, el uso de DHA y fitogénicos resultó rentable.

Abstract Bioactive cements based on tricalcium silicate have been introducedto the market for use in dentistry, with a variety of clinical applications. These cements are in contact with vital tissues such as dental pulp or periodontium in cases of unintentional extrusion; thus, it is important to know the genotoxicity and cytoxicity of these materials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of bioactive sealers, Bio-C® Sealer and MTA Repair HP®, in human fibroblasts. Discs of bioactive sealers Bio-C® Sealer, and MTA Repair HP®, were prepared and set for 24h under sterile conditions. The discs were placed in culture medium at 2.5mg/mL inside a SRT6D roller mixer (Stuart, UK) at 60rpm for 24h. The eluates obtained were incubated for 24h with previously activated and cultured ATCC cell line fibroblasts at 80% confluence. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by Alamar Blue® and LIVE/ DEAD assays, as well as the analysis of the Tunel and Mitotracker assays to evaluate genotoxicity using the confocal laser-scanning microscope. In the Alamar Blue® assay, the Bio-C® Sealer presented a cell proliferation of 87%, while the MTA Repair HP® Sealer was 72%. A statistically significant difference was found between the MTA Repair HP® Sealant and the negative control (p=<0.001). Regarding the genotoxicity tests, in the Tunel assay, both materials stain the nucleus of the fibroblast cells exposed to the eluates, while in the Mitotracker assay, the MTA Repair HP® Sealer showed greater mitochondrial function than the Bio-C® Sealer. Calcium silicate-based sealers, Bio-C® Sealer and MTA Repair HP®, are not cytotoxic and have low genotoxicity.

Resumen Los cementos bioactivos a base de silicato tricálcico se introdujeron en el mercado para uso en odontología, con una variedad de aplicaciones clínicas. Estos cementos pueden estar en contacto con tejidos como la pulpa dental o el periodonto, en caso de extrusión no intencionada. Por lo tanto, es importante conocer la genotoxicidad y la citoxicidad de estos materiales. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la citotoxicidad y genotoxicidad de los selladores bioactivos Bio-C® Sealer y MTA Repair HP® en fibroblastos humanos. Se prepararon discos de selladores bioactivos Bio-C® Sealer y MTA Repair HP® y se colocaron durante 24h en condiciones de esterilidad. Los discos se colocaron en medio de cultivo a 2,5mg/mL dentro de un mezclador de rodillos SRT6D (Stuart, Reino Unido) a 60rpm durante 24h. Los eluidos obtenidos se incubaron durante 24h con fibroblastos de la línea celular ATCC previamente activados y cultivados al 80% de confluencia. La citotoxicidad se evaluó mediante ensayos Alamar Blue® y LIVE/DEAD; así como el análisis de los ensayos Tunnel y Mitotracker para evaluar la genotoxicidad, utilizando el microscopio confocal láser de barrido. En el ensayo Alamar Blue®, el Sellador Bio-C® presentó una proliferación celular del 87%, mientras que el sellador MTA Repair HP® fue del 72%. Se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el sellador MTA Repair HP® con respecto al control negativo (p=<0.001). En cuanto a las pruebas de genotoxicidad, en el ensayo Tunel, ambos materiales tiñen el núcleo de las células fibroblásticas expuestas a los eluidos, mientras que el ensayo Mitotracker, el sellador MTA Repair HP®, mostró una mayor función mitocondrial que el Bio-C® Sealer. Los selladores a base de silicato de calcio, Bio-C® Sealer y MTA Repair HP® no son citotóxicos y tienen una baja genotoxicidad.

Resumen Este documento examina la relación entre los consejos de administración y los modos de entrada al mercado internacional. El consejo de administración tiene la autoridad para determinar las estrategias de internacionalización tanto para grandes multinacionales como para organizaciones pequeñas y medianas. Los marcos teóricos en internacionalización proporcionan una base sólida para comprender la dinámica de los modos de entrada y la gobernanza corporativa. El estudio presenta un marco bien organizado que consta de cuatro ejes temáticos: características, capacidades, comportamiento y composición del consejo. Este marco se utiliza para analizar las complejidades de los procesos de toma de decisiones del consejo. Aunque se reconocen sus limitaciones, este estudio ofrece hallazgos prácticos para los gerentes de negocios y contribuye a la discusión teórica actual, resaltando la necesidad de marcos más profundos que tengan en cuenta factores psicológicos y culturales en la toma de decisiones del consejo en el contexto del desarrollo internacional.

Abstract This study explores the relationship between administrative advice and international market entry modes. The board of directors has the authority to determine internationalization strategies for both large multinational corporations and small and medium-sized organizations. Existing theoretical frameworks dealing with internationalization provide a strong foundation for understanding the dynamics of entry modes and corporate governance. The study presents a framework consisting of four thematic elements: characteristics, capabilities, behavior, and composition of the advice. This framework is utilized to analyze the complexities of the decision-making processes of boards. Despite acknowledging its limitations, this study provides practical insights for business managers and contributes to the ongoing theoretical debate on this topic, highlighting the need for more comprehensive frameworks that consider psychological and cultural factors in the decision-making process of boards in the context of international business.

Abstract As a result of COVID-19, new dynamics emerged in many urban systems, including the acquisition and distribution of food. The pandemic revealed vulnerabilities in the functioning of facilities and intensified problems such as informality, insecurity, and immigration. In order to contribute to the identification and characterization of these dynamics within food markets, a case study methodology was adopted for this article using mixed techniques - a quantitative approach using a survey and a qualitative approach featuring a focus group. Both methods were applied in the San Roque market in the Metropolitan District of Quito, an iconic food market and distribution facility. The results highlight new commercial dynamics and preferences, as in recent years informal trade and the presence of supermarket chains have proliferated; new logistic means have been created; and wholesale trade has intensified. In addition, the pandemic accentuated the vulnerability of the market at the administrative level and the precariousness of some informal jobs, in turn, accelerated changes among traders. It is concluded that these dynamics merit new conceptual, organizational, and spatial approaches in architectural and urban terms, as well as different policies that favor the sustainable management of markets.

Resumen A raíz de la covid-19 se dieron nuevas dinámicas en muchos sistemas urbanos entre las que destaca la de adquisición y distribución de alimentos. La pandemia mostró la vulnerabilidad en el funcionamiento de equipamientos e intensificó problemáticas como la informalidad, la inseguridad y la inmigración. Con el objetivo de aportar a la identificación y caracterización de estas dinámicas dentro de los mercados de alimentos, para el presente artículo se adoptó una metodología de caso de estudio con técnicas mixtas: cuantitativas por medio de una encuesta y cualitativas a partir de un grupo focal. Ambas técnicas se aplicaron en el mercado San Roque en el Distrito Metropolitano de Quito, equipamiento icónico en cuanto a la comercialización y distribución de alimentos. En los resultados sobresalen las nuevas dinámicas y preferencias comerciales, ya que en los últimos años han proliferado el comercio informal y la presencia de cadenas de supermercados, se han creado nuevos medios logísticos y se ha intensificado el comercio mayorista. Además, la pandemia acentuó la vulnerabilidad del mercado a nivel administrativo y la precarización de algunos trabajos informales, a su vez, aceleró un cambio entre el grupo de comerciantes. Se concluye que estas dinámicas ameritan nuevas aproximaciones conceptuales, organizativas y espaciales a escala arquitectónica y urbana, y también distintas políticas que favorezcan la gestión sostenible de los mercados.

Resumen La delincuencia empresarial moviliza simultáneamente la represión penal como la represión administrativa, ambos instrumentos confluyen en la estabilización de las expectativas normativas de manera autónoma y diferenciada, sin embargo, la perspectiva tradicional de la relación entre estas dos materias ha fallado relativamente en ofrecer una clara diferenciación. El objetivo de este artículo se circunscribirá entonces a brindar una distinción funcionalista de ambos subsistemas jurídicos, en lo que concierne al ámbito económico. La metodología aplicada consistirá en una relectura de la sanción penal y la sanción administrativa a través del funcionalismo-sistémico que posee la capacidad de plantear una vía alternativa original para este impase doctrinal. Este estudio tomará como ilustración el comportamiento de insider trading en materia bursátil. Se concluye que dos distinciones funcionales son identificables entre sanción administrativa y sanción penal, la primera concerniente en la naturaleza de las expectativas normativas que tienen como objetivo estabilizar cada una y, en segundo lugar, el contenido comunicativo de cada sanción en el marco de la teoría de los medios de comunicación simbólicamente generalizados.

Abstract Corporate crime simultaneously triggers both criminal repression and administrative repression. Both mechanisms converge in stabilizing normative expectations autonomously and differentially. However, the traditional perspective on the relationship between these two subjects has relatively failed to provide a clear differentiation. Therefore, the functionalist-systemic perspective could propose an original alternative approach to this doctrinal impasse. The purpose of this article will then be limited to providing a functionalist distinction between the two legal subsystems as regards the economic sphere. The methodology applied will consist of a rereading of the criminal sanction and the administrative sanction through the functionalism-system that possesses an ability to propose an original alternative way for this doctrinal impasse. This study using insider trading behavior in the stock market as an illustration. It is concluded that two functional distinctions are identifiable between administrative sanction and criminal sanction, the first concerning the nature of the normative expectations that aim to stabilize each and second, the communicative content of each sanction within the framework of symbolically generalized media theory.

Resumen En el actual entorno de comunicación digital en Manabí, el presente estudio analiza la identidad visual corporativa de los medios periodísticos digitales, esencial para entender cómo estos se presentan visualmente a una audiencia conectada y exigente. Este análisis se centra en el diseño, colores, tipografía y elementos visuales, utilizando un enfoque metodológico mixto. Se seleccionaron cinco medios significativos por su alcance y trayectoria para el periodo 2020-2023. Los hallazgos indican una fuerte priorización del contenido visual, con un uso predominante de imágenes y videos para atraer audiencias y fortalecer el reconocimiento de marca. Aunque esta estrategia se alinea con las tendencias actuales del marketing digital, se observó que algunos medios podrían mejorar en coherencia visual y en la interacción con la audiencia. Los resultados sugieren que la identidad visual no solo influye en la percepción del usuario sino también en el reconocimiento y la interacción en línea. Se concluye que la mejora en estas áreas podría potenciar el compromiso y la viralidad del contenido periodístico, ofreciendo perspectivas valiosas para los medios en un mercado altamente competitivo y en constante evolución.

Abstract In the current digital communication environment in Manabí, this study analyzes the corporate visual identity of digital journalistic media, essential to understand how they are presented visually to a connected and demanding audience. This analysis focuses on design, colors, typography and visual elements, using a mixed methodological approach. Five significant media were selected due to their scope and trajectory for the period 2020-2023. The findings indicate a strong prioritization of visual content, with a predominant use of images and videos to engage audiences and strengthen brand recognition. Although this strategy aligns with current digital marketing trends, it was observed that some media could improve in visual coherence and interaction with the audience. The results suggest that visual identity not only influences user perception but also online recognition and interaction. It is concluded that improvement in these areas could enhance the engagement and virality of journalistic content, offering valuable perspectives for the media in a highly competitive and constantly evolving market.

INTRODUCTION: South Africa has a high unemployment rate and few post-school employment opportunities for learners with disabilities. School-to-work transition programmes in special educational needs schools prepare learners with disabilities for work in the open labour market, optimizing post-school employment opportunities. Occupational therapists are the main key role players in facilitating school-to-work transition programme in many contexts of education. AIM: This study explores the perceptions of occupational therapists of a school-to-work transition programme at the school for learners with special needs. METHODS: This study was a descriptive qualitative study. The researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with six occupational therapists involved in delivering the programme at the school. To ensure ethical compliance, we obtained clearance from the UP-Research Ethics Committee. The collected data underwent reflective thematic analysis for interpretation. FINDINGS: Three prominent themes emerged from the data analysis: (1) The Significance of the Programme: Participants highlighted the importance and benefits of the program. (2) Facilitators affecting school-to-work transition programme: Various factors that positively influenced the smooth transition from school to the workforce were identified and discussed. (3) Barriers to school-to-work transition programme: Participants also pointed out obstacles and challenges that hindered the successful transition from school to the workforce. CONCLUSION: The school-to-work transition programme was influenced by personal, environmental, and occupational barriers and facilitators. The findings highlighted that the benefits of the programme should be viewed in a broader context, as learners mature and develop self-confidence. The value of the programme thus extends beyond employment opportunities. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The research findings inform barriers that need to be focused on in order to have a successful and effective school-to-work transition programme. There are facilitators that show the perceived effectiveness of the school-to-work transition programme that could assist in motivating for more assistance from stakeholders of the school.

RESUMO Este estudo analisa a presença online de marcas globais de moda à luz do novo luxo. Identificando resistências tradicionais à integração digital, destaca-se que seis das nove marcas pesquisadas adotam estratégias condizentes com o novo luxo, enfatizando interação, diálogo e venda de produtos premium no mercado brasileiro. Observa-se um compromisso crescente com a sustentabilidade, especialmente nas marcas Louis Vuitton e Dior, que incorporam ações ambientais e sociais em suas plataformas online. A análise de redes sociais (ARS) revela a interconexão entre os conceitos de luxo e sustentabilidade. Limitações incluem a amostragem restrita a marcas de moda e a falta de pesquisa sobre a exclusividade nas plataformas digitais. O estudo destaca a importância da compreensão aprofundada do engajamento das marcas de luxo na internet para orientar estratégias de marketing digital na pós-modernidade. destacase se interação brasileiro Observase Observa sustentabilidade Dior ARS (ARS digitais pósmodernidade. pósmodernidade pós modernidade. modernidade pós-modernidade

This study examines the online presence of global fashion brands in light of new luxury. Identifying traditional resistances to digital integration, it is noteworthy that six out of nine researched brands adopt strategies consistent with new luxury, emphasizing interaction, dialogue, and the sale of premium products in the Brazilian market. A growing commitment to sustainability is observed, particularly in brands like Louis Vuitton and Dior, which integrate environmental and social actions into their online platforms. Social Network Analysis reveals the interconnectedness between the concepts of luxury and sustainability. Limitations include a narrow sampling focusing on fashion brands and a lack of exploration into exclusivity on digital platforms. The study underscores the importance of a deep understanding of luxury brands’ engagement online to guide digital marketing strategies in the post-modern era. integration interaction dialogue market observed Dior platforms postmodern post modern era

Este estudio examina la presencia en línea de marcas globales de moda a la luz del nuevo lujo. Identificando resistencias tradicionales a la integración digital, es notable que seis de las nueve marcas investigadas adoptan estrategias consistentes con el nuevo lujo, enfatizando la interacción, el diálogo y la venta de productos premium en el mercado brasileño. Se observa un compromiso creciente con la sostenibilidad, especialmente en marcas como Louis Vuitton y Dior, que incorporan acciones ambientales y sociales en sus plataformas en línea. El Análisis de Redes Sociales (ARS) revela la interconexión entre los conceptos de lujo y sostenibilidad. Las limitaciones incluyen una muestra limitada centrada en marcas de moda y la falta de estudio sobre la exclusividad en las plataformas digitales. El estudio subraya la importancia de comprender a fondo el compromiso en línea de las marcas de lujo para orientar las estrategias de marketing digital en la era posmoderna. interacción brasileño sostenibilidad Dior ARS (ARS digitales posmoderna

RESUMEN La integración de tecnologías de agricultura de precisión de vanguardia en la producción de aguacate es una estrategia prometedora para impulsar la productividad y la rentabilidad en esta próspera industria. Si bien revisiones anteriores han explorado la aplicación de tecnologías emergentes en el cultivo de aguacate, existe un vacío en el análisis de la producción de patentes. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo cerrar esa brecha identificando tendencias en innovaciones científicas y tecnológicas relacionadas con la agricultura de precisión en el aguacate. A través de un análisis bibliométrico utilizando datos de Scopus y Lens.org, este estudio revela que la producción científica se concentra principalmente en los países industrializados, con una producción de investigación limitada de las principales naciones productoras de aguacate. La investigación se ha centrado en las técnicas de teledetección y procesamiento de imágenes. En términos de desarrollo tecnológico, las innovaciones en captura, recolección y procesamiento de datos agrícolas, así como en componentes para maquinaria agrícola, han sido las más predominantes. Las tecnologías disponibles en el mercado están diseñadas para predecir el rendimiento de los cultivos y evaluar el impacto de factores abióticos como la temperatura, la humedad y las precipitaciones. Al adoptar estas herramientas de agricultura de precisión, los productores de aguacate pueden tomar decisiones basadas en datos para optimizar el uso de recursos, mejorar la salud de los cultivos y, en última instancia, mejorar el rendimiento general de la finca.

ABSTRACT The integration of cutting-edge precision agriculture technologies into avocado production is a promising strategy to boost productivity and profitability in this thriving industry. While previous reviews have explored the application of emerging technologies in avocado cultivation, there is a gap in the analysis of patent production. This research aims to bridge that gap by identifying trends in both scientific and technological innovations related to precision agriculture in avocado. Through a bibliometric analysis using data from Scopus and Lens.org, this study reveals that scientific production is primarily concentrated in industrialized countries, with limited research output from major avocado-producing nations. The focus of research has been on remote sensing and image processing techniques. In terms of technological development, innovations in agricultural data capture, collection, and processing, as well as components for agricultural machinery, have been the most prevalent. Market-available technologies are designed to predict crop yields and assess the impact of abiotic factors such as temperature, humidity, and precipitation. By adopting these precision agriculture tools, avocado farmers can make data-driven decisions to optimize resource use, improve crop health, and ultimately enhance overall farm performance.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a public health issue affecting an increasing number of workers, representing a disease exacerbated by work with a high social, economic, and personal cost. The nature of the work performed, coupled with occupational risks in a hospital setting, significantly contribute to the disease's progression. This study aims to address the impact of this disease on work and the role of Occupational Health in the prevention of exposure to occupational risk factors in the hospital environment, which can contribute to the metabolic imbalance of type I diabetes mellitus. Methodology: The methodology included search in PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases, using keywords such as "diabetes mellitus, occupational medicine, risk factors and occupational health”. Filters were applied, considering publications from 2010 to 2024, totaling 463 works. Exclusion criteria focused on non-diabetes-related diseases, exclusive focus on Type II, and non-occupational approaches. Articles on diabetes and occupational health and safety published in Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional were also considered, in a total of five studies. Sources also included Direção Geral de Saúde Clinical Guidance, a national epidemiological study, and a technical manual on workplace diabetes, totaling 30 references in the discussion. Results: The authors report two cases of healthcare professionals from a hospital unit, both diagnosed with Type I Diabetes at the age of five. Case 1: A 35-year-old healthcare assistant with a history of depressive syndrome and recent diabetic retinopathy diagnosis. Case 2: A 57-year-old nurse with diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, undergoing treatment for osteomyelitis of the right big toe, without cardiovascular changes. In both they work or have worked in shifts, including night shifts, engaging in physically demanding tasks. Discussion/Conclusion: Diabetes is a chronic disease requiring continuous medical care and patient education, alongside support in preventing acute complications and reducing the risk of chronic complications. The incidence of new Type I Dm cases is higher between 12-14 years. During the transition to adulthood and entry into the job market, patients face disease stigma, treatment management challenges, and psychosocial workplace-related issues. Implementing preventive measures and monitoring these workers should help reduce work absenteeism, productivity loss, and income loss for the worker.

RESUMO Introdução: A Diabetes mellitus é um problema de Saúde Pública que afeta um número crescente de trabalhadores. Pode ser considerada uma doença agravada pelo trabalho com um elevado custo social, económico e pessoal. O tipo de trabalho realizado e as exposições a riscos laborais em contexto hospitalar, podem contribuir para a sua progressão, segundo alguns autores. Este trabalho pretende abordar o impacto desta patologia no trabalho e o papel da Saúde Ocupacional na evicção da exposição a fatores de risco laborais, em ambiente hospitalar, que contribuem para o descontrolo metabólico da Diabetes Melitus tipo I. Pretende-se identificar as exposições laborais que podem constituir fatores de risco modificáveis, interferem com a aptidão para o trabalho, podem aumentar a frequência de acidentes laborais e acelerar a progressão crónica da doença. Metodologia: Na metodologia de pesquisa e seleção de estudos utilizou as bases de dados PubMed, Science Direct e Google Scholar, com as palavras-chave “diabetes mellitus, occupational medicine, risk factors, occupational health”. Aplicaram-se filtros de revisão e revisão sistemática, considerando publicações de 2010 a 2024, totalizando 463 trabalhos. Critérios de exclusão incidiram em doenças não relacionadas à diabetes, exclusividade na tipo II e abordagens não ocupacionais. Foram ainda considerados os artigos sobre diabetes e saúde e segurança no trabalho publicados na Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional, num total de cinco estudos. Incluíram-se a Norma de Orientação Clínica da DGS, um estudo epidemiológico nacional e um caderno técnico sobre diabetes no local de trabalho, totalizando 30 fontes na discussão. Descrição dos casos: Os autores reportam dois casos de profissionais de saúde de uma unidade hospitalar, ambos com diagnóstico de Diabetes tipo I aos cinco anos de idade. Caso 1: Uma auxiliar de ação médica de 35 anos, com antecedentes pessoais de síndrome depressivo e diagnóstico recente de retinopatia diabética. Caso 2: Uma enfermeira de 57 anos com retinopatia e nefropatia diabética, neuropatia, em tratamento para uma osteomielite do 1º dedo do pé direito, sem alterações cardiovasculares. Ambas trabalham ou trabalharam por turnos, com trabalho noturno e com tarefas fisicamente exigentes. Discussão/Conclusão: A diabetes é uma doença crónica que requer cuidados médicos contínuos e educação do doente, juntamente com apoio na prevenção de complicações agudas e redução do risco de complicações crónicas. A incidência de novos casos de Dm tipo I é maior entre os 12-14 anos. Na transição para a idade adulta e entrada no mercado laboral, os doentes podem ser sujeitos ao estigma da doença, ter dificuldade na gestão do tratamento e/ou desafios psicossociais relacionados com o trabalho. A instituição de medidas preventivas e monitorização destes trabalhadores deverá ajudar a reduzir o absentismo laboral, a perda de produtividade e a perda de rendimento para o trabalhador.