INTRODUCTION: South Africa has a high unemployment rate and few post-school employment opportunities for learners with disabilities. School-to-work transition programmes in special educational needs schools prepare learners with disabilities for work in the open labour market, optimizing post-school employment opportunities. Occupational therapists are the main key role players in facilitating school-to-work transition programme in many contexts of education. AIM: This study explores the perceptions of occupational therapists of a school-to-work transition programme at the school for learners with special needs. METHODS: This study was a descriptive qualitative study. The researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with six occupational therapists involved in delivering the programme at the school. To ensure ethical compliance, we obtained clearance from the UP-Research Ethics Committee. The collected data underwent reflective thematic analysis for interpretation. FINDINGS: Three prominent themes emerged from the data analysis: (1) The Significance of the Programme: Participants highlighted the importance and benefits of the program. (2) Facilitators affecting school-to-work transition programme: Various factors that positively influenced the smooth transition from school to the workforce were identified and discussed. (3) Barriers to school-to-work transition programme: Participants also pointed out obstacles and challenges that hindered the successful transition from school to the workforce. CONCLUSION: The school-to-work transition programme was influenced by personal, environmental, and occupational barriers and facilitators. The findings highlighted that the benefits of the programme should be viewed in a broader context, as learners mature and develop self-confidence. The value of the programme thus extends beyond employment opportunities. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The research findings inform barriers that need to be focused on in order to have a successful and effective school-to-work transition programme. There are facilitators that show the perceived effectiveness of the school-to-work transition programme that could assist in motivating for more assistance from stakeholders of the school.

Abstract Transfers, in the form of subsidies, are a government intervention aimed at boosting economic development. These are provided through various instruments that affect production and trade. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development classifies these instruments into categories from most to least distorting. In its strategy of deregulating the world market, it encourages the use of the latter in agricultural policy. Nonetheless, the effect of this recommendation on the value of agricultural production has been poorly researched. This work assessed the relationship between the amounts of support in different agricultural policy instruments used and the value of the production of subsidized agricultural products (VpS) in Mexico, Brazil, and Chile during the period 1995-2020, through a multiple linear regression model with the stepwise backward elimination procedure. The results show that the transfer items that were relevant to explain the VpS in Mexico were: storage, marketing and other physical infrastructure, support based on area and number of animals, extension services, safety and inspection of agricultural products and institutional infrastructure (p< 0.05), in Brazil they were: research, market prices and education (p< 0.05) and in Chile they were: research, storage, marketing and other physical infrastructure, and farm restructuring (p< 0.05). It should be noted that all instruments with a significant effect on the VpS are classified as less distortive, except for the market price support present in Brazil.

Resumen Las transferencias, bajo la modalidad de subsidios, configuran una intervención gubernamental dirigida a impulsar el desarrollo económico. Estas se brindan a través de diversos instrumentos que inciden en la producción y el comercio. La organización para la cooperación y el desarrollo económicos clasifica estos instrumentos en categorías de mayor a menor distorsión. En su estrategia de desregulación del mercado mundial, incentiva el empleo de estos últimos en la política agrícola. Sin embargo, el efecto de esta recomendación sobre el valor de la producción agrícola ha sido escasamente investigado. Este trabajo evaluó la relación entre el monto de apoyo en diferentes instrumentos de política agrícola empleados y el valor de la producción de productos agrícolas subsidiados (VpS) en México, Brasil y Chile durante el periodo 1995-2020, a través de un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple con el procedimiento de eliminación etapa por etapa hacia atrás (stepwise backward). Los resultados muestran que los rubros de las transferencias que resultaron relevantes para explicar el VpS en México fueron: almacenamiento, mercadeo y otra infraestructura física, apoyos basados en superficie y número de animales, servicios de extensión, seguridad e inspección de productos agrícolas e infraestructura institucional (p< 0.05), en Brasil fueron: investigación, precios de mercado y educación (p< 0.05) y en Chile fueron: investigación, almacenamiento, mercadeo y otra infraestructura física y reestructuración de fincas (p< 0.05). Se debe destacar que todos los instrumentos con efecto significativo sobre el VpS están clasificados como menos distorsionantes, con excepción del apoyo a precios de mercado presente en Brasil.

Abstract: Since the 1970s, the social housing sector in Latin America underwent market-led transformations that reduced State intervention and boosted participation by private developers and financial institutions. Their participation increased the housing supply but left behind the poorest sectors of the population for whom this type of housing remains unaffordable. Subsidy policies seek to promote affordability, either by directly providing workers with down payment funds or by injecting money into the production chain to reduce housing prices. Their implementation, however, remains marginal and shows a downward trend while housing costs steadily continue to rise. Even if subsidies are central to remedying the affordability gap left by market-led social housing policies in Latin America, few studies include them as a variable that would help understand the social housing production cycle and project potential scenarios. This study applies a dynamic model to simulate three prospective scenarios that analyze the relationship between subsidy provision and housing deficit reduction in the Metropolitan Area ofSan Luis Potosi, Mexico. The results show that the best-case scenario is one where subsidies are increased by 30% to reduce the housing deficit while avoiding skyrocketing land prices and housing costs.

Resumen: Desde la década de 1970, el sector de la vivienda social en Latinoamérica sufrió transformaciones que redujeron la intervención del Estado e incrementaron la participación de desarrolladores privados e instituciones financieras. Esto multiplicó la oferta, pero dejó atrás a los sectores más pobres de la población para quienes este tipo de vivienda sigue siendo inasequible. Las políticas de subsidios buscan promover la asequibilidad de la vivienda, ya sea dotando directamente a los trabajadores de fondos para pagar el enganche de una hipoteca o inyectándole dinero a la cadena de producción para reducir el costo final de la vivienda. Su implementación, sin embargo, es marginal y muestra una tendencia a la baja mientras que los costos se incrementan constantemente. Aún y cuando los subsidios son centrales para atender la brecha de asequibilidad que dejan las políticas de mercado en Latinoamérica, pocos estudios los incluyen como variable para entender el ciclo de producción de la vivienda social y para proyectar escenarios posibles. Este estudio implementa un modelo dinámico a la simulación de tres escenarios prospectivos que analizan la relación entre provisión de subsidios y la reducción del déficit de vivienda en el Área Metropolitana de San Luis Potosí, México. Los resultados muestran que el mejor escenario para reducir el déficit y evitar un incremento abrupto en los precios del suelo y en el costo final de la vivienda consiste en incrementar los subsidios en un 30%.

Abstract: Within the framework of his philosophy of money Locke develops a concept of it as something that belongs to the nature of things but whose value must be politically promulgated only once and forever. In his opinion the money is gold or silver, and its order is dictated by the order of natural reason which forces men to build their institution respecting this natural norm of things with the attitude of an unbreakable promise. Beyond the fixation that arrange the value of the money to the intrinsic nature of good social order, State intervention in the creation and management of money is instead judged as essentially pernicious. This article studies the function that this peculiar concept of money plays as an early antecedent of the liberal myth of economics as a supposed scientific discipline whose epistemic object would be the market understood analogously, under the influence of the deistic ideas of the 18th century, as a product of the spontaneous and virtuous order of society.

Resumen: En el marco de su filosofía de la moneda Locke desarrolla un concepto de ésta como algo que pertenece a la naturaleza de las cosas, pero cuyo valor debe promulgarse políticamente una sola vez y para siempre. A su juicio la moneda es el oro o la plata, y su ordenamiento está dictado por el orden de la razón natural, lo que obliga a los hombres a erigir su institución respetando esta norma natural de las cosas con la actitud de una promesa inquebrantable. Más allá de la fijación que ordena el valor de la moneda a la naturaleza intrínseca del buen orden social, la intervención estatal en la creación y gestión de la moneda es juzgada en cambio como esencialmente perniciosa. El presente artículo estudia la función que cumple este peculiar concepto de la moneda en cuanto antecedente temprano del mito liberal de la economía como una supuesta disciplina científica cuyo objeto epistémico sería el mercado, entendido éste análogamente, bajo el influjo de las ideas deístas del siglo XVIII, como un producto del orden espontáneo y virtuoso de la sociedad.

Resumo Ao longo das décadas, os ecossistemas ribeirinhos sofreram intensa intervenção humana, resultando em degradação e perda de habitat. Como consequência, muitas espécies de peixes tornaram-se ameaçadas, principalmente em rios onde há grande demanda de água doce. Wallago attu é um bagre de crescimento rápido pertencente à família Siluridae tem boa demanda de mercado com alto teor de proteína e valor nutricional em sua carne. Os dados foram obtidos para concentração de metal no peso corporal úmido e seco em Wallago attu selvagem. Todo o metal foi encontrado no limite permitido, conforme recomendado por diferentes organizações internacionais. O cálcio foi encontrado em maior concentração, enquanto o cádmio em menor concentração. Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn, K, Na, Ca e Mg apresentaram correlação positiva altamente significativa (P < 0,001) com o peso corporal úmido, exceto Co e Cd que apresentaram correlação não significativa (P > 0,05). Metais como Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, K, Ca, Mg e Co apresentaram padrão alométrico negativo com o aumento do peso corporal(P < 0,001) e do comprimento total (em centímetros), exceto para Co e Cd, que indica correlação não significativa (P > 0,05). O presente estudo será útil para avaliar a toxicidade devido à presença de metais pesados para pesquisadores e diferentes organizações de River Chenab, Punjab, Paquistão. décadas humana habitat consequência tornaramse tornaram se ameaçadas doce carne selvagem permitido internacionais Fe Zn Cu Ni Mn K Na P 0,001 0001 0 001 0,05. 005 0,05 . 05 0,05) Pb corporalP centímetros, centímetros , centímetros) Chenab Punjab Paquistão 0,00 000 00 0,0 0,

Abstract Over the decades, riverine ecosystems is suffering from intense human intervention resulting in degradation and habitat loss as a consequence, many fish species become endangered, particularly in rivers where heavy demand is placed on freshwater. Wallago attu is fast growing catfish belongs to the family siluridae has good market demand having high protein content and nutritional value in it’s flesh. The data was obtained for metal concentration in wet and dry body weight in wild Wallago attu. All metal was found under permissible limit as recommended by different international organizations. Calcium was found highest, while cadmium in lowest concentration. Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn, K, Na, Ca and Mg showed highly significant (P<0.001) positive correlation with wet body weight except Co and Cd showed non-significant (P>0.05) correlation. Metals such as Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, K, Ca, Mg and Co shown negative allometric pattern with increasing body weight concentration of Cu, Fe, Zn, Ni, Pb, Mn, Na, Ca and K showed positive relationship (P<0.001) with total length (cm), except for Co and Cd, which indicated non significant correlation (P>0.05). Present Study will helpful to assess toxicity due to presence of heavy metals for researchers and different organizations from River Chenab, Punjab, Pakistan. decades consequence endangered freshwater its it s flesh highest Fe Zn Cu Ni Mn Na P<0.001 P0001 P 0 001 (P<0.001 nonsignificant P>0.05 P005 05 (P>0.05 Pb cm, cm , (cm) P>0.05. . Chenab Punjab Pakistan P<0.00 P000 00 (P<0.00 P>0.0 P00 (P>0.0 (cm P<0.0 (P<0.0 P>0. P0 (P>0. P<0. (P<0. P>0 (P>0 P<0 (P<0 P> (P> P< (P< (P

Resumo. Com a crescente desigualdade social, a corrupção e a instabilidade política, o problema da justiça no Quirguizistão torna-se um tema urgente, que exige medidas para assegurar a estabilidade e o desenvolvimento do país, através de uma governança social eficaz. O estudo visa a identificar variações na compreensão filosófica da justiça, no contexto da governança social, no Quirguizistão, utilizando uma abordagem fenomenológica, na sua base teórica e metodológica. A base empírica do trabalho foi o método do grupo de discussão, o qual envolveu ativistas no Quirguizistão. Existem duas abordagens dominantes na percepção da justiça, no país. A abordagem liberal sublinha a importância dos direitos individuais, das liberdades e dos princípios do mercado. A abordagem socialista enfatiza a importância dos interesses colectivos, da solidariedade social e da intervenção do Estado na economia. É importante criar mecanismos que estejam em conformidade com os princípios liberais, mas que também tenham em conta as necessidades das pessoas que estão habituadas a uma economia mais planificada e à intervenção do Estado. Os resultados do estudo têm valor prático para as estruturas estatais envolvidas em processos de reforma social e econômica. Resumo política tornase torna se urgente país eficaz fenomenológica metodológica discussão individuais mercado colectivos liberais econômica

Abstract: With growing social inequality, corruption political instability, the problem of justice in Kyrgyzstan becomes an urgent topic requiring measures to ensure the country’s stability and development through effective social governance. The study aims to identify variations, in the philosophical understanding of justice, in the context of social governance in Kyrgyzstan. The study employed a phenomenological approach in its theoretical and methodological basis. The empirical basis of the study was the focus group method, which involved activists in Kyrgyzstan. There are two dominant approaches to the perception of justice in the country. The liberal approach emphasizes the importance of individual rights, freedoms and market principles. The socialist approach emphasizes the importance of collective interests, social solidarity and state intervention in the economy. It is important to create mechanisms that are in line with liberal principles, but also consider the people’s needs, who are used to a more planned economy and state intervention. The results of the study have practical value for state structures involved in social and economic reform processes. Abstract inequality instability countrys country s variations method rights principles interests peoples people needs processes

Resumo: Este artigo analisou o processo de construção e execução de uma pesquisa acerca da gravidez na adolescência com jovens do ensino médio no cotidiano de uma escola pública estadual de Fortaleza-CE, a partir de um estudo qualitativo com base na pesquisa-intervenção. Por meio de um curso de extensão para estudantes secundaristas, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa na escola em que as próprias jovens da escola pública foram copesquisadoras do tema gravidez na adolescência no cotidiano escolar. Utilizou-se as ferramentas metodológicas de diários de campo, questionário on-line e restituição. Os resultados mostraram que há diferenças nos papéis de mãe e pai na adolescência, dificuldades para a conclusão da vida escolar e prejuízos na inserção no mercado de trabalho, principalmente para as meninas. Portanto, a pesquisa possibilitou problematizar o lugar de representatividade das pautas de maternidade e paternidade fomentando espaços de escuta e dialogicidade na promoção da equidade com estudantes que experienciam a maternidade e paternidade. Resumo FortalezaCE, FortalezaCE Fortaleza CE, CE Fortaleza-CE pesquisaintervenção. pesquisaintervenção intervenção. intervenção pesquisa-intervenção secundaristas desenvolveuse desenvolveu se Utilizouse Utilizou campo online on line restituição trabalho meninas Portanto

Résumé : Cet article a analysé la construction et réalisation d’une recherche avec de lycéens sur la grossesse adolescente dans la vie quotidienne d’une école publique de Fortaleza-CE, dès une étude qualitative de recherche-intervention. Avec un cours d’extension pour des élèves du secondaire, une recherche a été menée où les élèves de l’école publique étaient co-chercheurs sur la grossesse adolescente dans l’école. Des journaux de terrain, des questionnaires en ligne et des restitutions ont été utilisés. Les résultats ont montré des différences dans les rôles de mère et de père pendant l’adolescence, des difficultés à mener à terme leur scolarité et des préjudices dans leur insertion sur le marché du travail, surtout pour les filles. Donc, la recherche a permis de questionner la représentativité des enjeux de maternité et de paternité, en favorisant des espaces d’écoute et de dialogue pour promouvoir l’équité avec les étudiants qui vivent la maternité et la paternité. dune d FortalezaCE, FortalezaCE Fortaleza CE, CE Fortaleza-CE rechercheintervention. rechercheintervention intervention. intervention recherche-intervention dextension extension secondaire lécole l cochercheurs co chercheurs lécole. école. terrain utilisés ladolescence, ladolescence adolescence, adolescence l’adolescence travail filles Donc paternité découte écoute léquité équité

Abstract: This article aimed to analyze the process of constructing and conducting research on teenage pregnancy with high school students in the daily life of a public school in Fortaleza, Ceará, based on a qualitative study using the Intervention Research approach. By an extension course for high school students, a research project was developed in the school in which the public school students themselves were co-researchers on the topic of teenage pregnancy in the school environment. The methodological tools used were field journals, online questionnaires, and restitution. Results showed differences in the roles of the mother and father during adolescence, difficulties in completing education, and obstacles in entering the job market, especially for girls. Therefore, this research could question the representation of maternity and paternity issues, promoting spaces for listening and dialogue in the promotion of equity with students who experience parenthood. Abstract Fortaleza Ceará approach coresearchers co researchers environment journals questionnaires restitution adolescence education market girls Therefore issues parenthood

Resumen: Este artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar el proceso de construcción e implementación de una investigación con estudiantes de secundaria sobre el tema del embarazo adolescente en la vida cotidiana de una escuela pública de Fortaleza, Ceará (Brasil), basada en un estudio cualitativo de investigación-intervención. A partir de un curso de extensión, se desarrolló una investigación en la escuela donde las propias estudiantes de secundaria fueron coinvestigadoras sobre el tema del embarazo adolescente. Se utilizaron como herramientas metodológicas un cuestionario en línea, diario de campo y restitución. Los resultados mostraron diferencias en el papel de la madre y el padre durante la adolescencia, dificultades para completar la vida escolar y dificultades para entrar en el mercado laboral, especialmente para las chicas. Por lo tanto, esta investigación permitió problematizar el papel representacional de la maternidad y la paternidad, propiciando espacios de escucha y de diálogo para promover la equidad con los estudiantes que experimentan estos roles. Resumen Fortaleza Brasil, Brasil , (Brasil) investigaciónintervención. investigaciónintervención intervención. intervención investigación-intervención extensión línea restitución adolescencia laboral chicas tanto paternidad roles (Brasil

Resumen El trabajo muestra que los procesos de liberalización y la expansión del sector financiero han cambiado profundamente la vida económica, social y política de la economía mundial. Han surgido fenómenos nuevos, por ejemplo, la supremacía de las autoridades monetarias sobre las fiscales y la transformación de los gobiernos nacionales en acreedores de los bancos centrales. Estos cambios han generado consecuencias negativas, como la inestabilidad financiera, el aumento del número de crisis, el bajo crecimiento y la desigualdad distributiva. El artículo aclara la necesidad de modificar aspectos relevantes de la política económica. Se argumenta que atribuir a las autoridades monetarias el papel de líderes en la coordinación de las políticas económicas perjudica el crecimiento y la equidad distributiva. Se alega que debe devolverse discrecionalidad a la política fiscal y que la intervención pública tiene que guiar la evolución de la estructura productiva. A fin de cumplir lo primero, deben mejorarse la calidad de las políticas públicas y los niveles de confianza entre las diferentes instituciones de la política económica nacional y entre los operadores de los mercados financieros y las autoridades de gobierno.

Abstract The paper shows that the liberalization processes and the expansion of the financial sector have changed profoundly the economic, social, and political life of the world economy. New phenomena have arisen, such as the supremacy of the monetary authorities over the fiscal ones and the transformation of national governments into creditors of the central banks. These changes have generated negative consequences, like financial instability, an increase in the number of crises, low growth, and distributive inequality. The article clarifies the need to modify relevant aspects of economic policy. It argues that attributing the role of leaders to the monetary authorities in the coordination of economic policies harms growth and distributive equity. The work claims that discretion should be returned to fiscal policy and that public intervention should guide the evolution of the productive structure. To restore discretion to fiscal policy, the quality of public policies and the levels of trust between the different institutions of national economic policy and between financial market operators and government authorities must be improved.

Abstract This article proposes to analyze different paradigms of intervention in informal settlements in Latin America that occurred from the end of the 1970s to the present and the programs that fall within them, focusing on some countries in the region. They are: a) progressive development; b) market solution; c) social urbanism; d) integral perspective; e) evictions. It seeks to demonstrate that in recent decades all the approaches indicated or hybridizations of them are in force. The analysis focuses on the assumptions that they imply, the foundations, the orientations of the same and the axes of intervention that they raised and/or developed. For this, the bibliography produced on the subject in Latin America since the 1960s and documents from national and international official organizations were reviewed.

Resumen En este artículo se propone analizar diferentes paradigmas de intervención en asentamientos populares en América Latina que se sucedieron desde fines de la década 1970 hasta la actualidad y los programas que se encuadran en ellos, focalizando en algunos países de la región. Los paradigmas son: a) desarrollo progresivo; b) solución de mercado; c) urbanismo social; d) perspectiva integral; e) desalojos. Se busca demostrar que en las últimas décadas se encuentran vigentes todos los enfoques señalados o hibridaciones de estos. El análisis se centra en los supuestos que implican, las fundamentaciones, sus orientaciones y los ejes de intervención que plantearon y/o desarrollaron. Para esto se revisó la bibliografía producida sobre el tema en América Latina desde la década de 1960 y los documentos de organismos oficiales nacionales e internacionales.

Resumo Este artigo se propõe a analisar diferentes paradigmas de intervenção em assentamentos populares na América Latina que ocorreram desde o final da década de 1970 até o presente e os programas que se inserem neles, com foco em alguns países da região. São eles: a) desenvolvimento progressivo; b) solução de mercado; c) urbanismo social; d) perspectiva integral; e) despejos. Procura demonstrar que nas últimas décadas todas as abordagens indicadas ou hibridizações delas estão em vigor. A análise centra-se nos pressupostos que implicam, os fundamentos, as orientações dos mesmos e os eixos de intervenção que levantaram e/ou desenvolveram. Para isso, revisou-se a bibliografia produzida sobre o tema na América Latina desde a década de 1960 e documentos de órgãos oficiais nacionais e internacionais.

Abstract This article examines the regulation of tertiary education in Peru within the context of the pervasiveness of the regulatory state in liberal democracies. Peru’s experience with regulating tertiary serves as a cautionary example of the challenges posed by the regulatory state. Despite a decade of reforms, the outcome for Peruvians has been reduced competition, increased costs, limited access to education, and no discernible enhancement in quality. The article introduces the regulatory state concept and explores its origins and ongoing expansion. It argues that this expansion results from diverse factors such as economic shifts away from free markets and the implementation of welfare policies. The subsequent part outlines strategies for reducing regulatory burden, ranging from straightforward approaches to paradigm-shifting concepts. However, none of these alternatives proves fully effective. Finally, the authors scrutinize a Peruvian case study of tertiary education -in which the state controls half of the education offerings-. The article’s conclusion advocates for strengthening the role of the state to alleviate regulatory pressures. In this sense, a model closer to the Nordic model -wherein state intervention is distinct and strategic within a predominantly free-market economy- is the best way to escape the ubiquity quality of the regulatory state.

Resumen Los anuncios de empleo pueden presentar elementos de opresión racial, aunque sutilmente, como en las expresiones “buena apariencia” y “buena higiene”. Esta constatación nos hace reflexionar que tanto el mercado laboral como la sociedad en general están racialmente estructurados, no solo en la permanencia y promoción profesional de las mujeres negras, sino incluso en el reclutamiento, del cual forman parte los anuncios online de empleo. En la presente investigación, partimos del objetivo de comprender cómo la publicación de anuncios de empleo con características fenotípicas y relacionadas con “buena apariencia” contribuye a la perpetuación del racismo y el sexismo. Específicamente, nos proponemos comprender cómo se produce la resistencia a las prácticas y a la estructura racista del mercado laboral. Recurrimos a referencias de decolonialidad e interseccionalidad y utilizamos el análisis temático en un corpus de 285 anuncios de empleo en 4 sitios de anuncios y 4 iniciativas de empleabilidad negra presentes en LinkedIn. En los resultados y discusión, indicamos que se perpetúa un ideal de trabajadora blanca en el mercado de trabajo doméstico y que “buena imagen” y “buena higiene” son expresiones eufemísticas que enmascaran el racismo presente en el mercado laboral, con resquicios de esclavitud. Aun así, las iniciativas actuales de empleabilidad de los negros buscan sacar a la luz la necesidad de pensar en acciones afirmativas para hombres y mujeres negros, históricamente excluidos de los trabajos más prestigiosos y mejor remunerados, así como de los espacios de decisiones. Este movimiento entre opresión, resistencia y existencia negra opera un proyecto decolonial de intervención en la realidad, principal aporte de esta investigación. racial sutilmente buena apariencia higiene. higiene . estructurados negras reclutamiento investigación sexismo Específicamente 28 LinkedIn discusión imagen esclavitud remunerados decisiones realidad 2

Resumo Anúncios de empregos podem apresentar elementos de opressão de raça, ainda que sutilmente, em expressões como ‘boa aparência’ e ‘boa higiene’. Tal constatação nos faz refletir que o mercado de trabalho, assim como a sociedade em geral, é racialmente estruturado não apenas na permanência e ascensão profissional de mulheres negras, mas até mesmo no recrutamento, do qual os anúncios de emprego on-line fazem parte. Na presente pesquisa, partimos do objetivo de compreender como a publicação de anúncios de emprego que trazem em si características fenotípicas e relacionadas a ‘boa aparência’ contribuem para a perpetuação do racismo e do sexismo. Especificamente, almejamos compreender como se dá a resistência às práticas e à estrutura racista do mercado de trabalho. Recorremos a referenciais de decolonialidade e interseccionalidade e utilizamos a análise temática em um corpus de 285 anúncios de emprego, 4 sites de classificados e 4 iniciativas de empregabilidade negra presentes no LinkedIn. Nos resultados e discussão, indicamos que um ideal de trabalhadora branca perpetua-se no mercado de trabalho doméstico e que boa imagem e boa higiene são expressões eufemísticas que mascaram o racismo presente no mercado de trabalho, manifestando resquícios do escravismo. Ainda assim, iniciativas atuais de empregabilidade negra buscam trazer à tona a necessidade de pensar ações afirmativas para homens e mulheres negros, historicamente excluídos de empregos de maior prestígio e remuneração, assim como de espaços de decisão. Esse movimento entre opressão, resistência e existência negra opera um projeto decolonial de intervenção na realidade, principal contribuição da presente pesquisa. raça sutilmente aparência higiene. . higiene’ geral negras recrutamento online on line parte pesquisa sexismo Especificamente 28 LinkedIn discussão perpetuase perpetua escravismo negros remuneração decisão realidade 2

Abstract Job advertisements may present elements of racial oppression, albeit in subtle ways, as in the expressions “good looks” and “good hygiene.” This acknowledgment makes us reflect that the job market, and society in general, is racially structured, not only in the permanence and professional advancement of black women but even in recruitment, including online job advertisements. This research aims to understand how the publication of job advertisements with phenotypic characteristics such as “good looks” contribute to the perpetuation of racism and sexism. Specifically, we aim to understand how resistance to racist labor market practices and structure occurs. We invoke references of decoloniality and intersectionality and use thematic analysis in a corpus of 285 job advertisements on four classified sites and four black employability initiatives present on LinkedIn. In the results and discussion, we indicate that an ideal of a white worker is perpetuated in the domestic work market and that good image and good hygiene are euphemistic expressions that mask racism in the labor market, which is a remnant of slavery. Current black employability initiatives highlight the need to think about affirmative action for black men and women, historically excluded from more prestigious and remunerative jobs and decision-making spaces. This movement, between oppression, resistance, and black existence, operates a decolonial project of intervention in reality, the main contribution of this research. oppression ways looks hygiene. general structured recruitment sexism Specifically occurs 28 LinkedIn discussion slavery decisionmaking decision making spaces movement existence reality 2

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é discutir os nexos entre violência e mercados, entre violência como tecnologia de poder e de expansão dos mercados nos limiares entre legalidade e ilegalidade. Esta é questão que nos parece ser o ponto cego dos debates correntes acerca das relações entre (neo)liberalismo e autoritarismo, e a “crise da democracia”. Trata-se de uma questão que se explicita desde a guinada à direita na constelação política do país e que se cristaliza no governo Bolsonaro, mas diz respeito a uma racionalidade neoliberal em curso desde meados dos anos 2000 e que ganha forma sob a lógica militarizada de gestão da ordem urbana. Tomamos como referência dois momentos que marcaram a história recente do Rio de Janeiro: primeiro, a montagem dos dispositivos político-institucionais voltados aos preparativos e realização da Copa do Mundo (2014) e dos Jogos Olímpicos (2016); segundo, a intervenção militar-financeira em um contexto de crise econômica e falência fiscal do estado (2018). ilegalidade neoliberalismo neo liberalismo autoritarismo democracia. democracia . democracia” Tratase Trata Bolsonaro 200 urbana Janeiro primeiro políticoinstitucionais político institucionais 2014 (2014 2016 (2016) segundo militarfinanceira militar financeira 2018. 2018 (2018) 20 201 (201 (2016 (2018 2 (20 (2 (

Abstract This article addresses the links between violence and markets, between violence as a technology of power and of market expansion, on the thresholds between legality and illegality. We believe this question is the blind spot of current debates about the relationship between (neo)liberalism and authoritarianism, and the “crisis of democracy”. As we postulate, such question became explicit since the right-wing turn in the political constellation of the country and that it is crystallized in the Bolsonaro government. However, it concerns a neoliberal rationality ongoing since the mid-2000s and that has been shaped under the militarized logic of management of the urban order. The paper addresses two moments that have marked the recent history of Rio de Janeiro: first, the assembly of political-institutional devices aimed at the preparation and realization of the World Cup (2014) and the Olympic Games (2016); second, military-financial intervention in a context of economic crisis and fiscal bankruptcy of the state (2018). markets expansion illegality neoliberalism neo liberalism authoritarianism democracy. democracy . democracy” postulate rightwing right wing government However mid2000s mids mid 2000s s order Janeiro first politicalinstitutional institutional 2014 (2014 2016 (2016) second militaryfinancial military financial 2018. 2018 (2018) 201 (201 (2016 (2018 20 (20 2 (2 (

Resumo Nas últimas décadas, a rivalidade entre convergência regulatória e divergência teve largo predomínio no debate acadêmico. De acordo com essa divisão, os países tenderiam a convergir para as regras da Basileia, tornando-se atores globalmente padronizados, ou divergir delas, mantendo suas instituições locais em vigor, especialmente seus estados desenvolvimentistas. A regulação bancária na Argentina, no Brasil, no Chile e no México, no entanto, traz evidências que desafiam essa divisão. Os países que mais convergiram para as regras da Basileia, Argentina e Brasil, contam com ampla participação estatal no sistema financeiro. Por outro lado, o Chile, que é um país de mercado, não aderiu às regras de capital internacional da mesma forma. Por fim, o México figura em uma posição intermediária. O país reforçou seus bancos estatais e adotou os novos padrões da Basileia, mas em um ritmo inferior ao do Brasil ou da Argentina. Esses achados sustentam a afirmação de que os países combinam instituições globais e locais de maneira mais diversa do que as previsões da divisão convergência-divergência. décadas acadêmico Basileia tornandose tornando se padronizados delas vigor desenvolvimentistas entanto financeiro lado mercado forma fim intermediária convergênciadivergência. convergênciadivergência divergência. convergência-divergência

Abstract Over the last few decades, the rivalry between regulatory convergence and divergence has dominated scholarly debate. In accordance with this divide, countries tend to either converge toward Basel rules, becoming globally standardized players, or diverge from them, leaving their local institutions untouched, particularly within developmental States. Banking regulation in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico, however, brings challenging evidence to that debate. Brazil, which, from among the group, has most converged toward Basel rules, relies on a sizeable developmental State. Argentina, which has also widely converged, relies on significant State intervention in the financial system. Conversely, Chile, a market-friendly country, has not adhered to international capital rules on the same level. Finally, Mexico has been in-between, reinforcing State-owned banks and adopting the new Basel standards, however, to a lesser degree, compared to Brazil. These findings support the claim that such countries combine global and local institutions more diversely than the convergence-divergence divide predictions would suggest. decades debate players them untouched States Argentina Brazil Chile however group system Conversely marketfriendly market friendly country level Finally inbetween, inbetween between, in-between Stateowned owned standards degree convergencedivergence suggest

RESUMO Introdução O badminton tem um público amplo e um grande mercado de desenvolvimento na China. Embora beneficie a flexibilidade de trabalhadores sedentários ao recrutar toda a musculatura corporal, ele também pode causar um efeito deletério devido a falhas na preparação ou intensidade durante os jogos. Objetivo Estudar os métodos de lesão esportiva e reabilitação de jogadores de badminton. Métodos 60 jogadores de badminton com lesão lombar foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupo experimental e grupo controle. O grupo controle utilizou o método tradicional de recuperação por técnicas manuais. Ao grupo experimental foi adicionada uma intervenção com treinamento de estabilidade do core com duração de 40 minutos, três vezes por semana, durante seis semanas. Resultados O grau de lesão dos jogadores de badminton é majoritariamente leve, com alguns casos de lesão moderada e grave. A combinação do fortalecimento do core associada à reabilitação por terapia manual e alongamentos pode acelerar a reabilitação muscular da coluna lombar. Conclusão No processo de reabilitação de lesões de badminton, devemos combinar o treinamento físico com as técnicas de reabilitação tradicionais, aumentando a eficácia da reabilitação esportiva. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction Badminton has a wide audience and a large development market in China. Although it benefits the flexibility of sedentary workers by recruiting the whole body’s musculature, it can also cause a harmful effect due to lack of preparation or intensity during matches. Objective Study the methods of sports injury and rehabilitation of badminton players. Methods 60 badminton players with low back injuries were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The control group used the traditional method of recovery by manual techniques. An intervention with core stability training lasting 40 minutes three times a week for six weeks was added to the experimental group. Results The degree of injury of badminton players is mostly mild, with some cases of moderate and severe injury. The combination of core strengthening associated with manual therapy rehabilitation and stretching can accelerate the muscular rehabilitation of the lumbar spine. Conclusion In the rehabilitation process of badminton injuries, we should combine physical training with traditional rehabilitation techniques, increasing the effectiveness of sports rehabilitation. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción El bádminton tiene un amplio público y un gran mercado de desarrollo en China. Aunque beneficia a la flexibilidad de los trabajadores sedentarios al reclutar toda la musculatura del cuerpo, también puede causar un efecto deletéreo debido a la falta de preparación o intensidad durante los partidos. Objetivo Estudiar los métodos de lesión deportiva y rehabilitación de los jugadores de bádminton. Métodos 60 jugadores de bádminton con lesión lumbar fueron divididos aleatoriamente en grupo experimental y grupo de control. El grupo de control utilizó el método tradicional de recuperación mediante técnicas manuales. Al grupo experimental se le añadió una intervención con entrenamiento de estabilidad del núcleo de 40 minutos, tres veces por semana, durante seis semanas. Resultados El grado de lesión de los jugadores de bádminton es mayoritariamente leve, con algunos casos de lesiones moderadas y graves. La combinación de fortalecimiento del core asociada a la rehabilitación de terapia manual y a los estiramientos puede acelerar la rehabilitación muscular de la columna lumbar. Conclusión En el proceso de rehabilitación de las lesiones de bádminton, debemos combinar el entrenamiento físico con las técnicas de rehabilitación tradicionales, aumentando la eficacia de la rehabilitación deportiva. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

ORIENTATION: Investing in manpower leads to positive results in the long run. This Study examines the role played by the management in encouraging employee participation in interventions by management on training and development RESEARCH PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore management interventions in employee participation in training and development intervention in a selected municipality MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: Studies show that positive economic and social development is dependent on the capacity of the workforce in the labour market. Therefore, motivated the investigation on challenges faced in local government to ensure that employees acquire adequate skills to perform their duties efficiently RESEARCH APPROACH/DESIGN AND METHOD: A qualitative approach was adopted through semi-structured questionnaire to collect data from a purposive sample of 20 questions developed and distributed to administrative personnel. Questionnaires containing open and closed-ended questions were distributed to determine employee perception towards training and development programme interventions MAIN FINDINGS: The findings suggest that there is a lack of effective communication and management practices within the organisation, leading to poor participation and understanding from employees. Addressing factors such as role clarification, change management, planning and time management can also help improve employee participation and job satisfaction PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: The study highlights the importance of management creating platforms to engage with subordinates and listen to staff needs. Additionally, the study exposed the crucial role that management plays in communicating a diversity training initiative CONTRIBUTION/VALUE-ADD: Management should explore the development of a supportive environment in which employees can freely communicate their perceptions and attitudes towards training and development interventions