Nürnberger's 'Faith in Christ Today: Invitation to Systematic Theology' is meant to serve the proclamation of the Word of God in modern times. Based on 'experiential realism', as used by science, it restricts itself to immanent reality, avoids the reification of idealised abstractions and biblical metaphors and follows an emergent-evolutionary hermeneutic. God's self-disclosure manifests itself as (1) creative power in the cosmic process as explored by science, (2) benevolent intentionality as proclaimed on the basis of the Christ-event and (3) a motivating and transforming vision in the community of believers. Classical doctrines are reconceptualised in action terms, rather than ontological terms. CHRISTOLOGY: The ministry, death and elevation of Jesus of Nazareth as God's messianic representative manifest God's redemptive intentionality. TRINITY: The God manifest in Christ is identical with the God of Israel and the Creator of the universe and the divine Spirit transforming and empowering the community of believers. ESCHATOLOGY: The thrust of God's vision of comprehensive optimal well-being moves through time like a horizon opening up ever new vistas, challenges and opportunities. INTRADISCIPLINARY AND/OR INTERDISCIPLINARY IMPLICATIONS: The task of Systematic Theology is to offer as comprehensive and consistent a presentation of the Christian faith as possible under current circumstances. This involves the retrieval of the biblical message from its ancient conceptualisations and to repackage it in current world view assumptions. To reach a readership informed by modern science, technology, commerce and the consumer culture, Nürnberger's Systematic Theology applies the approach of experiential realism as practised by the positive sciences: restricting its analyses to immanent reality and avoiding metaphysical constructs. It follows a consistent emergent-evolutionary hermeneutic and works on an interdisciplinary basis, using insights from modern physics, biology, neurology and sociology. God is conceptualised as the transcendent Source and Destiny of experienced reality. The core of the Christian message is God's suffering, transforming acceptance of the unacceptable, which involves us in its dynamics. It is geared to transformation rather than perfection. It is applied to all aspects of reality, including, for example, entropy, death and natural evil and so on. In this way, the author hopes to help Christians to regain their intellectual integrity and the credibility of their message.

Resumen Este artículo analiza los encuadres mediáticos desde los cuales la National Geographic Magazine -NGM- (1903-1926) contribuyó a la construcción de la identidad de los colombianos a comienzos del siglo XX. El argumento central del artículo es que los encuadres mediáticos encontrados están soportados por las ideologías del Destino manifiesto y del positivismo. A través de la estrategia retórica de la apropiación, los encuadres encontrados promueven dos valores asociados al Destino manifiesto: la virtud de las instituciones de Estados Unidos y la misión de transformar el mundo de acuerdo con los valores profesados por este país. En relación con la ideología del positivismo, los encuadres mediáticos la reproducen a través de la estrategia retórica de la clasificación, ya que los reportajes observan la identidad de los colombianos a través del lente de la teoría científica del darwinismo.

Abstract This article analyzes the media framings from which National Geographic Magazine -NGM- (1903-1926) contributed to the construction of the identity of Colombians at the beginning of the 20th century. The main argument of this paper defends the idea that the media framings found are directly supported by the ideologies of Manifest Destiny and Positivism. By means of the rhetoric strategy of appropriation, the framings found promote two values associated with the Manifest Destiny: the virtue of the institutions of the United States and the mission to transform the world in accordance with the values professed by this country. Regarding the ideology of positivism, the media framings reproduce this ideology through the rhetorical strategy of classification, given that the reports observe the identity of Colombians through the lens of the scientific theory of Darwinism.

Resumo Este artigo analisa os enquadramentos mediáticos desde os quais National Geographic Magazine -NGM- (1903-1926) contribuiu para a construção da identidade dos colombianos a princípios do século XX. O argumento central do paper defende a ideia de que os enquadramentos mediáticos encontrados, estão diretamente suportados pelas ideologias do Destino Manifesto e do Positivismo. Através da estratégia retórica da apropriação, os enquadramentos encontrados promovem dois valores associados com o Destino Manifesto: a virtude das instituições dos Estados Unidos e a missão de transformar o mundo de acordo aos valores professados por este país. No que diz respeito da ideologia do positivismo, os enquadres mediáticos reproduzem essa ideologia através da estratégia retórica da classificação, uma vez que os relatórios observam a identidade dos colombianos através do lente da teoria científica do Darwinismo.

ABSTRACT In analysing the history of the United States, it is possible to observe a tendency to establish hegemonies consistent in the use of persuasion or economic and cultural influence rather than in the physical strength, circumstance with a direct impact on its relations with Hispanoamérica and the rest of the world. To define the hegemony will be mentioned some authors such as Antonio Gramsci, Alfonso Klauer, Carlos Pérez Morales, Immanuel Wallerstein, etc. In an attempt to explain the way in which American political and economic theories of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were articulated. It could be said that given the amplitude of the theme, emphasis will be placed on what happened between the signing of the Treaty of Versailles and the beginning of World War II. In addition, due to the few efforts that link US foreign policy relating to its actions in Europe and Latin America, both issues will be treated independently but following as a thread the thesis that the United States lived only a relative isolationism very reduced to its relations with Europe. Finally, emphasis will be placed on the possibilities of Latin America to take advantage of the multilateralism posed by modern international institutions, with which it can defend itself against abuses, demand for participation and create political paths of its own.

RESUMEN Al analizar la historia de Estados Unidos, se puede observar una tendencia a instaurar hegemonías consistentes en el uso de la persuasión o la influencia económica y cultural más que en la fuerza bruta, dinámica que repercutió directamente en sus relaciones con Hispanoamérica y el mundo. Para definir la hegemonía se analizaron autores como Antonio Gramsci, Alfonso Klauer, Carlos Pérez Morales e Immanuel Wallerstein, en un intento de explicar la forma en que se articularon las teorías políticas y económicas estadounidenses del siglo XIX e inicios del XX. Cabría decir que dada la amplitud del tema, se hizo énfasis en lo sucedido entre la firma del Tratado de Versalles y el inicio de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Además, debido a los pocos trabajos que vinculan la política exterior estadounidense relacionando sus acciones en Europa y Latinoamérica, ambos temas se trataron por separado, aunque siguiendo como hilo conductor la tesis de que Estados Unidos vivió apenas un aislacionismo relativo muy reducido a sus relaciones con Europa. Por último, se enfatiza en las posibilidades de Latinoamérica para aprovechar el multilateralismo planteado por las instancias internacionales modernas, con las que puede defenderse de abusos, exigir participación y crear derroteros políticos propios.

Resumo Neste artigo explora-se o processo de co-constituição dos referentes identitários e geopolíticos pós-soviéticos como fundamento discursivo da política externa de Putin. Analisa-se ainda o papel que o discurso geo-identitário desempenha, desde 2000, na justificação da recomposição do espaço pós-soviético e reclamação de uma nova ordem internacional. Metodologicamente, recorre-se à dialética entre “grande” (high) e “pequena” (low) geopolítica com o objetivo de destacar a interdependência entre as narrativas nacionais produzidas pelo poder político e pela sociedade. Conclui-se que a plasticidade e o hibridismo da gramática simbólica russa permitiram definir uma política externa pragmática e assertiva, mobilizada para a recuperação do estatuto internacional da Rússia e a consolidação da coligação de interesses liderada por Putin.

Abstract In this article we set out to explore the mutual constitution of post-soviet identity and geopolitical referents serving as the discursive ground for Putin’s foreign policy. We further explore the role of the geo-identitarian discourse in justifying the recomposition of the post-Soviet space after 2000 and the promotion of a new international order. Methodologically, we resort to a dialectics of sorts between “high” and “low” geopolitics in order to uncover the interdependence of national narratives produced by political power (top-down) and society (bottom-up). We come to the conclusion that the plasticity and hybridity of the Russian symbolic grammar has allowed Putin to define a pragmatic and assertive foreign policy intent both on regaining international status for Russia and consolidating the domestic coalition of interests led by him.

It has been commonly asserted that Kaine Agary's Yellow-Yellow(2006) presents a sordid account of the deprivation of the protagonist's subsistence livelihood by oil despoilment. This assertion is made without much regard to the repressed and manifest anxieties and desires profoundly induced in the novel's central character by a male who is present, onto whom the absent male-figure is displaced. This article, therefore, investigates the provocations, corollaries, and correlations of the displaced male-image through its absence and presence and examines how the various offshoots of this image, whether as a father, lover, friend, autocrat or deliverer, are posited by the work's major characters. The manifestation of the varied shades of the male-image is vital for the destiny of the main character and a few others, accounting for their sexual behaviours, consequent torture and the work's tragic form. Also closely examined, through the coalescing and the application of Freudian and Jungian theories, are the anxieties stimulated by the absence or presence of the male-image, how they come about, are made manifest in the Nigerian literary tradition and repressed at the same time. From here, works that display the repressed are analysed and aligned to Yellow-Yellow. Besides the main characters' heeding of some kind of pleasure code, the super-structural image of the male person hangs, like an unseen shadow, over and above Yellow-Yellows major character, motivating her actions.

Problematic elements in both the traditional African and current Western time-concepts seem to manifest in a manner that - in some or other way - causes humanity to become disconnected with the fulfilment of life in a future destiny that breaks through the entrapment of the perpetual present and cyclical past. In their research, the authors asked in what sense and to what extent time concepts can hinder the Christian worshipper in anchoring his or her life in the consummating, witness-energising power of communion with the living, time-transforming Christ and faith in the imminence of his return. In addressing this research problem, key elements in traditional African and current Western time conceptualisation were described, as well as the role of the Easter moment (as it manifests in the observance of the Eucharist) in transforming problematic elements in these particular manifestations of time conceptualisation. In conclusion, preliminary theoretical anchors were formulated for the function of the observance of the Eucharist and its role in transforming various enslaving and disconnecting aspects of cultural time conceptualisation.

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as origens e a evolução de alguns dos mitos religiosos "fundacionais" dos EUA, e seu papel no surgimento de uma noção de excepcionalismo, principal determinante da identidade norte-americana tal como expressa na política externa desse país.

The goal of this paper is to analyze the origins and the evolution of America’s religious foundational myths, and their role in the inception of the idea of "exceptionalism", the main determinant of US political identity as expressed in foreign policy.

Cuatro temas son el propósito del presente escrito: las concepciones más importantes sobre la política exterior norteamericana, la expansión de la frontera estadounidense a lo largo del siglo XIX, el pensamiento de Bolívar con respecto al istmo y el avance de Estados Unidos por Centroamérica durante la misma centuria. El trasfondo de la observación sobre los hechos gira en torno a la política exterior del gran país del norte y su "destino manifiesto". Su objetivo, era comprender lo sucedido en 1903: la separación protagonizada por Panamá frente a Colombia.

Four topics are the purpose of this paper: the most important conceptions on the North American foreign policy, the expansion of the American frontier along the XIX century, the thought that Bolivar expressed on Panama , and the advance of the United States in Central America during the same century. The observation will focus on the United States ' foreign policy, in order to understand the separation of Panama in 1903.

Abstract: This essay analyzes the impact of the ideology of Manifest Destiny on the shaping of national American identity during the Mexico-United States war through The American Star newspaper, published virtually throughout the nine months of the occupation government in Mexico City. Using Benedict Anderson's concept of imaginary community, the author shows how the United States press was one of the main promoters of the dissemination of this nationalistic image. She also analyzes the editorial position of the Star in relation to the negotiations that led to the signing of the peace treaty, in order to trace the influence of this conception on its editors, United States society and its institutions.

Resumen: Este ensayo analiza el impacto que tuvo el ideario del Destino Manifiesto en la conformación de la identidad nacional estadounidense, durante la guerra México-Estados Unidos, a través del periódico The American Star, que se publicó prácticamente durante los nueve meses que duró el gobierno de ocupación en la ciudad de México. Con base en el concepto de comunidad imaginaria de Benedict Anderson, la autora señala cómo la prensa estadounidense fue uno de los principales impulsores de la difusión de este imaginario nacionalista. De manera particular, estudia la postura editorial de ese diario en relación con las negociaciones que condujeron con la firma del tratado de paz, con lo que busca rastrear la influencia ejercida por dicha concepción sobre sus editores, la sociedad estadounidense y sus instituciones.

The borderlands shared by the United States and Mexico are a deposit of signs of diverse cultures that have crossed through them: Native, Spanish, Mexican and Anglo-Saxon. Three types of political or artistic activism take control selectively of some of those signs to proclaim own identities. By means of the action of border patrolling, the Minutemen safeguard the purity of the project of nativist identity based on the doctrine of Manifest Destiny. Anzaldúa (test) and Gómez-Peña (action art), however, stimulate the proliferation of combinations of signs that give rise to new identities and mestizations.

Las tierras fronterizas compartidas por los Estados Unidos y México son un depósito de signos de diversas culturas que han pasado por ellas: indígena, española, mexicana y anglosajona. Tres tipos de activismo político o artístico se apropian selectivamente de algunos de esos signos para proclamar identidades propias. Mediante acciones de patrullaje fronterizo, los Minutemen salvaguardan la pureza del proyecto de identidad nativista basado en la doctrina de Destino Manifiesto. Anzaldúa (ensayo) y Gómez-Peña (arte de acción), en cambio, estimulan la proliferación de combinaciones de signos que dan lugar a nuevas identidades y mestizajes.