Resumen: Arachis hypogaeaL. se originó en América del Sur y ha sido llevado a gran parte de las zonas tropicales y subtropicales del mundo como un valioso cultivo alimenticio con alto contenido de proteínas y como una fuente de aceite insaturado. El origen del maní cultivado, 2n= 4x= 40, ha sido objeto de muchas discusiones, pero la mayoría concuerda en queA. duranensissería el donante del genoma A yA. ipaënsisel donante B; ambos diploides con 2n= 20. También es objeto de debate si la duplicación cromosómica de este híbrido ocurrió en un entorno natural o en el jardín de un cazador-recolector-cultivador. Los análisis moleculares han establecido queA. duranensisfue el progenitor femenino del cruzamiento. Hasta hace poco nadie había tenido éxito en hacer el cruzamiento y establecer plantas del mismo en esa dirección. El cruzamiento recíproco se logra fácilmente y se ha informado varias veces. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es informar sobre el éxito del cruzamiento y el desarrollo de plantas híbridas, anfidiploides y poblaciones del híbridoA. duranensis×A. ipaënsis.

Summary: Arachis hypogaeaL. originated in South America and has been taken to most of the tropical and sub-tropical parts of the world as a valuable food crop with high protein content and a source of high energy unsaturated oil. The origin of the cultivated peanut, 2n = 4x= 40, has been the subject of many discussions, but the primitive parents have been agreed on by most asA. duranensisbeing the A genome donor andA. ipaënsisthe B donor; both diploids with 2n= 20. Whether the chromosome doubling of this hybrid occurred in a natural setting or in the garden of a hunter-gatherer-cultivator is also a subject of debate, but most likely it occurred in nature. Molecular analyses have established thatA. duranensiswas the female of the cross. Until recently no one had been successful in making and establishing plants of the cross in that direction. However, the reciprocal cross is easily accomplished and has been reported several times. The primary objective of this paper is to report the successful cross and development of hybrid plants, amphidiploids and populations from the hybrid,A. duranensis×A. ipaënsis.

ABSTRACT Purposes: To assess the efficacy of botulinum toxin A injection in the treatment of strabismus in patients with neurological impairment and evaluate the factors associated with treatment success. Methods: The study included 50 patients with strabismus and neurological impairment. In all children, botulinum toxin injection was performed into the appropriate extraocular muscle. The relationship between demographic features, clinical characteristics, and treatment success were analyzed. Results: In the study group, 34 patients had esotropia, and 16 patients had exotropia. As neurological problems, 36 patients had cerebral palsy, and 14 had hydrocephalus. The average follow-up period was 15.3 ± 7.3 months. The mean number of injections was 1.4 ± 0.6. The mean angle of deviation was 42.5 ± 13.2 PD before the treatment, which decreased to 12.8 ± 11.9 PD after the treatment. Successful motor alignment (orthotropia within 10 PD) was achieved in 60% of the patients. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that esotropic misalignment and shorter duration of strabismus was significantly associated with treatment success in the study group. Patients with esotropia and lower angles of misalignment were more likely to be treated with a single injection. Conclusion: The use of botulinum toxin A for the treatment of strabismus in children with neurological impairment is a good alternative to conventional surgical therapy with a lower risk of overcorrection. The treatment outcome is better in esodeviations and shorter duration of strabismus, implying an advantage of early treatment. Purposes Methods 5 muscle features characteristics analyzed Results group 3 1 exotropia problems palsy hydrocephalus followup follow up 153 15 15. 73 7 7. months 4 1. 06 0 6 0.6 425 42 42. 132 13 2 13. 128 12 8 12. 119 11 9 11. orthotropia 60 Conclusion overcorrection 0.

RESUMO Objetivos: Avaliar a eficácia do uso de toxina bo-tulínica tipo A no tratamento do estrabismo em pacientes com comprometimento neurológico e avaliar os fatores associados ao sucesso do tratamento. Métodos: Cinquenta pacientes com estrabismo e comprometimento neurológico foram incluídos no estudo. Em todas as crianças, a toxina botulínica tipo A foi injetada no músculo extraocular apropriado. A relação entre características demográficas, características clínicas e o sucesso do tratamento foram analisadas. Resultados: No grupo de estudo, 34 pacientes tiveram esotropia e 16 pacientes tiveram exotropia, sendo trinta e seis pacientes com paralisia cerebral e 14 pacientes com hidrocefalia. O tempo médio de acompanhamento foi de 15,3 ± 7,3 meses. O número médio de aplicações foi de 1,4 ± 0,6. O ângulo de desvio médio foi de 42,5 ± 13,2 DP antes do tratamento e diminuiu para 12,8 ± 11,9 DP após o tratamento. Alinhamento motor bem sucedido (ortotropia dentro de 10 DP) foi alcançado em 60% dos pacientes. A análise de regressão logística binária revelou que o desalinhamento esotrópico e uma menor duração do estrabismo foram significativamente associados ao sucesso do tratamento no grupo de estudo. Pacientes esotrópicos com ângulos de desalinhamento menores são mais propensos a serem tratados com uma única aplicação. Conclusão: O uso da toxina botulínica tipo A para o tratamento de estrabismo em crianças com comprometimento neurológico é uma boa alternativa para a terapia cirúrgica convencional com menor risco de hipercorreção. O resultado do tratamento é melhor em exodesvios e em pacientes com estrabismo de menor duração, implicando em vantagem para o tratamento precoce. Objetivos bo tulínica Métodos estudo apropriado demográficas analisadas Resultados 3 1 exotropia hidrocefalia 153 15 15, 73 7 7, meses 4 1, 06 0 6 0,6 425 42 5 42, 132 13 2 13, 128 12 8 12, 119 11 9 11, ortotropia 60 aplicação Conclusão hipercorreção precoce 0,

Abstract Despite an economy based mostly on agriculture, literature on viral diseases of plants is scarce in Paraguay. Only recently, researches on plant viruses took an impulse resulting in a precise identification of many of them affecting plants either cultivated or not. To provide reliable information regarding plant viruses present in Paraguay, an annotated list of them was prepared, covering descriptions from 1920 to present day. There have been some important outbreaks with severe yield losses in crops as cucurbits, citrus, sesame, bean, maize, peanuts and tomato. Many of older descriptions are included for their historical significance, but most identifications made require confirmation. On the other hand, recent descriptions have been completed, based on several assays, especially molecular characterization. This list is organized alphabetically following scientific names of the plant species found naturally infected by viruses, with comments about symptoms, geographical distribution, incidence, identification procedures, and other information, with due literature references. It is based on a compilation of publications made on plant virus diseases in Paraguay. Described virus species, in a total of 38 recognized by ICTV, belonging to 17 different genera (Alphaendornavirus, Ampelovirus, Begomovirus, Benyvirus, Carlavirus, Cilevirus, Closterovirus, Comovirus, Cucumovirus, Dichorhavirus, Fabavirus, Luteovirus, Ophiovirus, Orthotospovirus, Potexvirus, Potyvirus and Tobamovirus), besides two unclassified, and four unidentified. There is also a case of viroid described in Citrus spp. Infections caused by potyviruses are the most numerous. These viruses were described in more than 40 plant species, belonging to 18 botanical families. Because of crop diversity and richness in native flora, many more viruses must be present in Paraguay, which future works will certainly reveal, especially with the increase in manpower involving researches, especially cooperative with foreign centers, on plant viruses, which has been very limited until now. Also, knowledge on existing viruses may have relevance in understanding their epidemiology and provide the basis for their control strategies and quarantine measures, to avoid new variants of existing viruses or new viruses being introduced. agriculture Paraguay recently not prepared 192 day cucurbits citrus sesame bean maize tomato significance confirmation hand completed assays characterization symptoms distribution incidence procedures references 3 ICTV 1 Alphaendornavirus, Alphaendornavirus (Alphaendornavirus Ampelovirus Begomovirus Benyvirus Carlavirus Cilevirus Closterovirus Comovirus Cucumovirus Dichorhavirus Fabavirus Luteovirus Ophiovirus Orthotospovirus Potexvirus Tobamovirus, Tobamovirus , Tobamovirus) unclassified unidentified spp numerous 4 families flora reveal centers now Also measures introduced 19

Resumo A pesar de una economía basada principalmente en la agricultura, la literatura sobre enfermedades virales de las plantas es escasa en Paraguay. Sólo recientemente se han impulsado las investigaciones sobre los virus de plantas, lo que ha permitido identificar con precisión muchos de ellos que afectan a plantas cultivadas o no. Para brindar información confiable sobre los virus de plantas presentes en el Paraguay, se elaboró una lista comentada de los mismos, abarcando descripciones desde 1920 hasta la actualidad. Se han producido algunos focos importantes con severas pérdidas de rendimiento en cultivos de cucurbitáceas, cítricos, sésamo, frijol, maíz, maní y tomate. Muchas de las descripciones más antiguas se incluyen por su importancia histórica, pero la mayoría de las identificaciones realizadas requieren confirmación. Por otro lado, las descripciones recientes han sido completadas, basadas en varios ensayos, especialmente de caracterización molecular. Esta lista está organizada alfabéticamente siguiendo los nombres científicos de las especies de plantas que se encontraron naturalmente infectadas por virus, con comentarios sobre síntomas, distribución geográfica, incidencia, procedimientos de identificación y otras informaciones, con las debidas referencias bibliográficas. Se basa en una recopilación de publicaciones realizadas sobre enfermedades virales de plantas en Paraguay. Especies de virus descritas, en un total de 38 reconocidas por el ICTV, pertenecientes a 17 géneros diferentes (Alphaendornavirus, Ampelovirus, Begomovirus, Benyvirus, Carlavirus, Cilevirus, Closterovirus, Comovirus, Cucumovirus, Dichorhavirus, Fabavirus, Luteovirus, Ophiovirus, Orthotospovirus, Potexvirus, Potyvirus y Tobamovirus), además de dos sin clasificar y cuatro sin identificar. También existe un caso de un viroide descrito en Citrus spp. Las infecciones causadas por potyvirus son las más numerosas. Estos virus fueron descritos en más de 40 especies de plantas, pertenecientes a 18 familias botánicas. Debido a la diversidad de cultivos y la riqueza de la flora nativa, muchos más virus deben estar presentes en Paraguay, lo que seguramente revelarán trabajos futuros, especialmente con el aumento de la mano de obra involucrada en investigaciones, en cooperación con centros extranjeros, sobre virus de plantas, que ha sido muy limitada hasta el momento. Además, el conocimiento sobre los virus existentes puede ser relevante para comprender su epidemiología y proporcionar una base para sus estrategias de control y medidas de cuarentena, para evitar la introducción de nuevas variantes de virus existentes o nuevos virus. agricultura Paraguay no mismos 192 actualidad cucurbitáceas cítricos sésamo frijol maíz tomate histórica confirmación lado completadas ensayos molecular síntomas geográfica incidencia informaciones bibliográficas descritas 3 ICTV 1 Alphaendornavirus, Alphaendornavirus (Alphaendornavirus Ampelovirus Begomovirus Benyvirus Carlavirus Cilevirus Closterovirus Comovirus Cucumovirus Dichorhavirus Fabavirus Luteovirus Ophiovirus Orthotospovirus Potexvirus Tobamovirus, Tobamovirus , Tobamovirus) spp numerosas 4 botánicas nativa futuros extranjeros momento Además cuarentena 19

Abstract Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) not only restricts airflow but also induces sys-temic manifestations in individuals with the disease. Objective To evaluate the effect of a water-based aero-bic exercise program on respiratory muscle strength, thoracic mobility, dyspnea, and functional capacity in patients with COPD. Methods We conducted a blind randomized controlled trial with 22 patients with COPD, dividing them into a control group (CG) and a training group (TG). The TG participated in 24 sessions of a water aerobic exercise program, while the CG only partici-pated in the evaluations. Maximal respiratory pressure (MRP), dyspnea, and functional capacity were measured. Results When comparing the MRP values (cmH2O) in the pre- and post-training conditions, the results revealed a significant improvement in the TG [maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP): 74.8 ± 15.3 vs. 83.9 ± 17.2; maximal expi-ratory pressure (MEP): 141.5 ± 30.7 vs. 157.6 ± 32.9], whereas no difference was observed for the CG (MIP: 55.5 ± 21.8 vs. 54.4 ± 18.4; MEP: 116.2 ± 40.3 vs. 109.3 ± 38.9). Regarding thoracic mobility in the pre- and post-training conditions, no significant difference was found for the CG, whilst for the TG there was a significant in-crease at the axillary level (cm) (5.9 ± 1.8 vs. 7.7 ± 1.1). With respect to functional capacity, there was a signifi-cant increase in walking distance during the six-minute walking test only in the TG when comparing pre- and post-training conditions (462.1 ± 62.9 vs. 538.5 ± 63.7). Lastly, the dyspnea results demonstrated that after the training period there was a major reduction in the scores of Medical Research Council (3.1 ± 0.8 vs. 1.9 ± 0.7) and Borg CR-10 scales (5.2 ± 0.8 vs. 3.7 ± 0.3) only for the TG. Conclusion The water aerobic exercise training promoted beneficial changes in respiratory mus-cle strength, thoracic mobility, functional capacity and dyspnea among patients with COPD. COPD (COPD systemic sys temic waterbased based aero bic strength 2 (CG . (TG) partici pated evaluations MRP, , (MRP) measured cmH2O cmHO cmH O (cmH2O pre posttraining post MIP (MIP) 748 74 8 74. 153 15 3 15. vs 839 83 9 83. 17.2 172 17 expiratory expi ratory MEP (MEP) 1415 141 5 141. 307 30 7 30. 1576 157 6 157. 32.9, 329 32.9 32 32.9] (MIP 555 55 55. 218 21 21. 544 54 4 54. 18.4 184 18 1162 116 116. 403 40 40. 1093 109 109. 38.9. 389 38.9 38 38.9) crease cm (cm 5.9 59 (5. 1 1. 77 7. 1.1. 11 1.1 1.1) signifi cant sixminute six minute 462.1 4621 462 (462. 629 62 62. 5385 538 538. 63.7. 637 63.7 63 63.7) Lastly 3.1 31 (3. 08 0 0. 19 0.7 07 CR10 CR 10 CR-1 5.2 52 37 3. 0.3 03 mus cle (TG (MRP 17. (MEP 14 32. 18. 38. 5. (5 462. 46 (462 53 63. (3 CR1 CR- ( (46 (4

Resumo Introdução A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) não apenas restringe o fluxo aéreo, mas também induz mani-festações sistêmicas em indivíduos com a doença. Objetivo Avaliar o efeito de um programa de exercícios aeróbicos aquáticos na força muscular respiratória (FMR), mobilidade torácica, dispneia e capacidade funcional em pacientes com DPOC. Métodos Realizou-se um ensaio clínico randomizado cego com 22 pacientes com DPOC, divi-dindo-os em grupo controle (GC) e grupo treinamento (GT). O GT participou de 24 sessões de um programa de exercícios aeróbicos aquáticos, enquanto o GC participou somente das avaliações. Foram me-didas a pressão respiratória máxima, (PRM) dispneia e capa-cidade funcional. Resultados Ao comparar os valores da PRM (cmH2O) nas condições pré e pós-treinamento, os resultados revelaram melhora significativa no GT [pressão inspiratória má-xima (PImáx): 74,8 ± 15,3 vs. 83,9 ± 17,2; pressão expiratória máxima (PEmáx): 141,5 ± 30,7 vs. 157,6 ± 32,9], enquanto não observou-se diferença para o GC (PImáx: 55,5 ± 21,8; vs. 54,4 ± 18,4; PEmáx: 116,2 ± 40,3 vs. 109,3 ± 38,9). Em relação à mobilidade torácica nas condições pré e pós-treinamento, não foi encontrada diferença significativa para o GC, enquanto para o GT houve um aumento significante no nível axilar (cm) (5,9 ± 1,8 vs. 7,7 ± 1,1). Com relação à capacidade funcional, houve aumento significativo da distância percorrida durante o teste de caminhada de 6 minutos apenas no GT quando comparadas as condições pré e pós-treinamento (462,1 ± 62,9 vs. 538,5 ± 63,7). Por fim, os resultados da dispneia demonstraram que após o período de treinamento houve uma redução importante nas pontuações do Medical Research Council (3,1 ± 0,8 vs. 1,9 ± 0,7) e nas escalas Borg CR-10 (5,2 ± 0,8 vs. 3,7 ± 0,3) apenas para o GT. Conclusão O trei-namento físico aquático promoveu alterações benéficas na força muscular respiratória, mobilidade torácica, capacidade funcional e dispneia em pacientes com DPOC. DPOC (DPOC aéreo manifestações mani festações FMR, FMR , (FMR) Realizouse Realizou se 2 dividindoos divi dindo (GC . (GT) avaliações medidas me didas (PRM capa cidade cmH2O cmHO cmH (cmH2O póstreinamento, póstreinamento pós treinamento, má xima PImáx (PImáx) 748 74 8 74, 153 15 3 15, vs 839 83 9 83, 17,2 172 17 PEmáx (PEmáx) 1415 141 5 141, 307 30 7 30, 1576 157 157, 32,9, 329 32,9 32 32,9] observouse observou (PImáx 555 55 55, 21,8 218 21 544 54 4 54, 18,4 184 18 1162 116 116, 403 40 40, 1093 109 109, 38,9. 389 38,9 38 38,9) cm (cm 5,9 59 (5, 1 1, 77 7, 1,1. 11 1,1 1,1) 462,1 4621 462 (462, 629 62 62, 5385 538 538, 63,7. 637 63,7 63 63,7) fim 3,1 31 (3, 08 0 0, 19 0,7 07 CR10 CR 10 CR-1 5,2 52 37 3, 0,3 03 trei namento (FMR (GT 17, (PEmáx 14 32, 21, 18, 38, 5, (5 462, 46 (462 53 63, (3 CR1 CR- ( (46 (4

ABSTRACT This research deals with the study of the various factors affecting the performance of circular shaped elevated water tanks made of reinforced concrete material with framed staging with filled as well as empty conditions due to past Indian earthquakes. Six ground accelerations have been picked out based on the strong motion parameters. Eight numbers of existing tanks have been selected with different storage capacity and structural configurations. Seismic performances such as base shear, base moment and hydrodynamic pressure are calculated using Response Spectrum method for the ground accelerations selected. The results due to all the ground accelerations are compared with that obtained by the elastic design response spectrum available in IS1893: part1 (2016). Eventually, it has been found out that the performances of each tank for every acceleration is highly influenced by the structural configuration, mainly for empty tanks. Hence, this research is intended to achieve desirable performances of water tanks during the occurrences of earthquakes by providing appropriate number of columns and horizontal bracing configuration. To ensure this, an experimental investigation has also been done on two models, tank 1 of capacity 105.86 m3 and tank 2 of 223.278 m3, to determine the dynamic properties of tanks. parameters configurations shear IS1893 IS part 2016. 2016 . (2016) Eventually configuration Hence models 10586 105 86 105.8 m 223278 223 278 223.27 IS189 201 (2016 1058 10 8 105. 22327 22 27 223.2 IS18 20 (201 2232 223. IS1 (20 (2 (

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There are several conditions that can influence the experience of parturition and experiences related to labor pain. These aspects can result in important psychological outcomes in the postpartum period. Painful responses are mediated in different ways, and catastrophizing is one of the related variables. The objective of the present study was to map the evidence about the impact of pain catastrophizing in the perinatal period on postnatal maternal psychological outcomes, such as baby blues, anxiety disorders, postpartum depression and psychosis, up to three months after delivery. CONTENTS: A literature scope review, was carried out with the following question: “What is the impact of pain catastrophizing in the perinatal period on postnatal maternal psychological outcomes”? The search for studies that made up the sample was carried out on July 31, 2023, using the Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Virtual Health Library and Science Direct databases. 113 documents were identified and based on the selection, four articles were included in the sample, all of them prospective/observational studies. The impact of catastrophizing on outcomes was evaluated: state-trait anxiety, postpartum depression, perceived stress, mother-infant interactions, maternal blues and social functioning. CONCLUSION: It was shown that the catastrophizing of pain in the perinatal period is related to worse postnatal maternal psychological outcomes. OBJECTIVES ways variables disorders psychosis delivery CONTENTS review question What outcomes” 31 2023 Pubmed databases 11 selection prospectiveobservational prospective observational evaluated statetrait state trait stress motherinfant mother infant interactions functioning CONCLUSION 3 202 1 20 2

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: São diversas as condições que podem influenciar a experiência de parturição e vivências relacionadas à dor do parto. Esses aspectos podem resultar em desfechos psicológicos importantes no pós-parto. A mediação das respostas dolorosas ocorre de diferentes formas, e a catastrofização é uma das variáveis relacionadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi mapear as evidências acerca do impacto da catastrofização da dor no período perinatal em desfechos psicológicos maternos pós-natais, como baby blues, transtornos de ansiedade, depressão pós-parto e psicose, até três meses após o parto. CONTEÚDO: Foi realizada revisão de escopo da literatura, com a seguinte pergunta: “Qual o impacto da catastrofização da dor no período perinatal em desfechos psicológicos maternos pós-natais?”. A busca dos estudos que compuseram a amostra foi realizada em 31 de julho de 2023 utilizando as bases de dados Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde e Science Direct. Foram identificados 113 documentos e, a partir do processo de seleção, foram incluídos na amostra quatro artigos, todos eles estudos prospectivos/observacionais. Foi avaliado o impacto da catastrofização nos desfechos: ansiedade estado-traço, depressão pós-parto, estresse percebido, interações mãe-bebê, maternal blues e funcionamento social. CONCLUSÃO: Evidenciou-se que a catastrofização da dor no período perinatal está relacionada a piores desfechos psicológicos maternos pós-natais. OBJETIVOS parto pósparto. pósparto pós formas pósnatais, pósnatais natais, natais pós-natais psicose CONTEÚDO literatura pergunta Qual pósnatais. . pós-natais?” 3 202 Pubmed Library Direct 11 seleção artigos prospectivosobservacionais prospectivos observacionais prospectivos/observacionais estadotraço, estadotraço estado traço, traço estado-traço pósparto, parto, percebido mãebebê, mãebebê mãe bebê, bebê mãe-bebê social CONCLUSÃO Evidenciouse Evidenciou se natais. pós-natais? 20 1 2

Abstract In 2008, the Mexican upper secondary education level underwent an educational reform aimed at establishing a competency-based curriculum model. To achieve this, the change in teaching practices of teachers was considered central. From a constructivist structural perspective, the concept of academic habitus was used to investigate the changes and persistences in the teaching practices commonly employed by teachers, and the way in which these are perceived by students. Through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) mean calculations were employed, as well as correlation tests for the processing of information from 1033 newly admitted students in 2018 to thirteen faculties of the Universidad Veracruzana. The results are presented in two analytical sections: exposition and incorporation. The first section details that the majority of students were exposed to traditional educational practices. In the second section, the relationship of these practices with how students classify and hierarchize teaching practices is described. Considering the information presented, the results are discussed in order to account for both the changes and the persistence of habitus in secondary education. A positive relationship is identified between the frequent use of instructional and assessment practices, and how students quantitatively classified and hierarchized educational practices.

Resumen En el 2008, el nivel educativo medio superior mexicano fue objeto de una reforma educativa que buscó asentar un modelo curricular basado en competencias. Para lograr lo anterior, se consideró central el cambio de las prácticas de enseñanza de los docentes. Desde una perspectiva estructural constructivista, se usó el concepto de habitus académico para realizar una aproximación sobre los cambios y persistencias en las prácticas de enseñanza comúnmente empleadas por los docentes, y la manera en cómo estas son percibidas por los estudiantes. Por medio del Paquete Estadístico para las Ciencias Sociales (SPSS por sus siglas en inglés), se empleó el cálculo de medias, además de pruebas de correlación para el procesamiento de la información procedente de 1033 estudiantes de recién ingreso -en el 2018- a trece facultades de la Universidad Veracruzana. Se presentan los resultados en dos secciones analíticas, exposición e incorporación. En la primera se detalla que la mayoría de los estudiantes fueron expuestos a prácticas educativas de tipo tradicional. En la segunda se describe la relación de esas prácticas con la forma en que los estudiantes clasifican y jerarquizan las prácticas de enseñanza. Considerando la información expuesta, se discuten los resultados tratando de dar cuenta tanto de los cambios como de las persistencias del habitus en el bachillerato. Se identifica una relación positiva entre el uso frecuente de prácticas de instrucción y de evaluación, con la forma en que los estudiantes clasificaban y jerarquizaban valorativamente las prácticas educativas

Resumo Em 2008 o nível educativo médio superior mexicano foi objeto de una reforma educativa que buscou estabelecer um modelo educativo baseado em competências. Para alcançar este objetivo se considerou essencial a mudança das práticas de ensino dos docentes. Desde uma perspectiva estrutural construtivista, foi usado o conceito de habitus académico para realizar uma aproximação sobre as mudanças e persistências nas práticas de ensino geralmente utilizadas pelos professores, e o jeito como estas são percebidas pelos alunos. Através do Pacote Estatístico para as Ciências Sociais (SPSS derivado da sua abreviação em inglês), foi utilizado o cálculo de médias, além de provas de correlação para o processamento da informação procedente de 1033 estudantes de novo ingresso -em 2018- a treze faculdades da Universidad Veracruzana. Os resultados são apresentados em dois seções analíticas, exposição e incorporação. Na primeira, detalha-se que a maioria dos estudantes foram expostos a práticas educativas do tipo tradicional. Na segunda, descreve a relação dessas práticas com a forma em que os estudantes classificam e hierarquizam as práticas de ensino. Considerando a informação exposta, os resultados são discutidos, tentando dar conta tanto das mudanças quanto das persistências do habitus no ensino médio. Se identifica uma relação positiva entre o uso frequente de práticas de instrução e de avaliação com a forma em que os estudantes classificavam e hierarquizavam quantitativamente as práticas educativas.

Resumen Esta investigación siguió un diseño factorial de parcelas divididas que involucra tres fases de riego deficitario (etapa de sedación, etapa de ampolla y un control). Los sub-tratamientos contienen micronutrientes (0, 1000 y 1500 g ha-1) y Cycocel (0, 442.5 y 885 mg L-1). Este estudio tuvo como objetivo que los riegos deficitarios impactaran negativamente el rendimiento y los componentes del rendimiento del maíz. Además, la aplicación de micronutrientes y Cycocel (CCC) mediante aplicación foliar en concentraciones de 1500 g ha-1 y 885 mg L-1 también condujo a una mejora notable en estas características. En ausencia de estrés y para plantas no tratadas (testigo), el rendimiento promedio de semilla fue de 8375.55 kg ha-1 durante los dos años mencionados. Como resultado de la aspersión foliar simultánea con una concentración de 1500 g ha-1 de micronutrientes y 885 mg L-1 de CCC, el rendimiento prome-dio de grano en dos años había aumentado en un 32 %. En las condiciones de limitación de agua en la etapa de formación de estrías, el rendimiento promedio de semillas de dos años había disminuido en un 82.5 % en comparación con las condiciones sin estrés. El mayor rendimiento promedio de semilla (5340 kg ha-1) se obtuvo durante los dos años mencionados bajo las condiciones de aspersión foliar de 1500 g ha-1 de micronutrientes y 885 mg L-1 de CCC, lo que supuso un aumento de 3.8 veces en comparación con el control promedio de dos años. Según los resultados de este estudio, el mayor rendimiento en condiciones de estrés se obtuvo con la aplicación foliar de micronutrientes (1500 g ha-1) y CCC (885 mg L-1).

Abstract This investigation followed a split-plot factorial design involved three phases of water deficit stress (silking stage, blister stage and a control). Sub-treatments included micronutrients (0, 1000, and 1500 g ha-1) and Cycocel (0, 442.5 and 885 mg L-1). This study aimed to water deficit stress negatively impacted the yield and yield components of maize. Moreover, applying micronutrients and Cycocel (CCC) through foliar application at concentrations of 1500 g ha-1 and 885 mg L-1 also led to a notable enhancement in these characteristics. In the absence of stress and for untreated plants (control), the average seed yield was 8375.55 kg ha-1 during the mentioned two years, as a result of simultaneous foliar spraying with a concentration of 1500 g ha-1 of micronutrients and 885 mg L-1 of CCC, the two-year average grain yield had increased by 32 %. In the conditions of water limitation in the stage of silking, the two-year average yield of seeds had decreased by 82.5 % compared to the conditions without stress. The highest average seed yield (5340 kg ha-1) was obtained during the mentioned two years under the conditions of foliar spraying of 1500 g ha-1 of micronutrients and 885 mg L-1 of CCC, which was an increase of 3.8 times compared to the two-year average control. According to the results of this study: the highest yield in stress conditions was obtained from micronutrient (1500 g ha-1) foliar application and CCC (885mg L-1).

Resumen Existen formas de presentación poco frecuentes de sífilis, dentro de las cuales se incluyen la neurosífilis, otosífilis y sífilis ocular. La neurosífilis es la infección del sistema nervioso central por Treponema pallidum. Las manifestaciones clínicas de neurosífilis son variadas e incluyen formas tempranas, tardías y atípicas. Además, la sífilis puede comprometer prácticamente cualquier estructura ocular, en cualquier etapa de la enfermedad, como así también la otosífilis. El diagnóstico de estas en tidades suele ser dificultoso. Sin embargo, resulta impor tante considerarlas como diagnósticos diferenciales, ya que la mayoría de estas manifestaciones son reversibles con tratamiento antibiótico adecuado. Se presenta una serie de casos de pacientes con diagnóstico de neurosí filis, otosífilis y sífilis ocular, que cursaron internación en un hospital de tercer nivel: meningitis sifilítica con compromiso de pares craneales y convulsiones (caso 1), sífilis ocular (caso 2), paresis general (caso 3) y tabes dorsalis (caso 4). La mitad de los pacientes presentó hipoacusia neurosensorial bilateral. El 50% presentó VDRL reactiva en líquido cefalorraquídeo. Todos fueron tratados con penicilina G sódica y en el 50% se optó por el uso de ceftriaxona como modalidad para finalizar el tratamiento en internación domiciliaria. Respecto a la evolución de los pacientes, uno de ellos falleció como consecuencia del cuadro de neurosífilis (caso 1), otro se perdió en el seguimiento (caso 4) mientras que, de los dos restantes, el caso 3 presentó recaída de su enferme dad a los 6 meses del tratamiento y el caso 2 resolvió ad integrum su sintomatología.

Abstract Uncommon forms of syphilis exist, among which neurosyphilis, otosyphilis, and ocular syphilis are included. Neurosyphilis is the infection of the central nervous system caused by Treponema pallidum. The clinical manifestations of neurosyphilis are diverse and include early, late, and atypical forms. Syphilis can affect virtually any ocular structure and can oc cur at any stage of the disease, as well as otosyphilis. The diagnosis of these conditions is often challeng ing. However, it is important to consider them as a differential diagnosis, as most of these clinical mani festations are reversible with appropriate antibiotic treatment. A case series study of patients diagnosed with neurosyphilis, otosyphilis, and ocular syphilis, who were admitted to a tertiary-level hospital, is here presented: syphilitic meningitis with cranial nerve in volvement, and seizures (case 1), ocular syphilis (case 2), general paresis (case 3), and tabes dorsalis (case 4). Half of the patients presented bilateral sensori neural hearing loss; and also half of the patients had reactive VDRL in cerebrospinal fluid. All were treated with aqueous penicillin G, and in two of these cases, ceftriaxone was chosen to complete ambulatory treat ment. One patient had an unfavorable outcome and died (case 1); another was lost in follow-up (case 4); one completely resolved his symptoms (case 2); and another one experienced symptom relapse six months after treatment (case 3).

Abstract In recent times, the primary approach to treating food allergies involved strict avoidance of the triggering allergen. Many considered this approach as lacking true treatment, leaving patients vulnerable to even small amounts or hidden sources of the allergenic food. Desensitization or Oral Tolerance Induction (OTI) is a studied method aiming for a lasting tolerance to the allergen. The ultimate goal is permanent tolerance, where allergic reactions won't reoccur after new exposure to the triggering allergen, following a period of abstinence. The research mainly focuses on allergen-specific immunotherapy, covering three routes: oral, sublingual, and epicutaneous immunotherapy. Milk, egg, and peanuts are the extensively studied foods due to their prevalence in allergies. The oral route is favored for inducing tolerance because ingestion of a food antigen by a non-allergic individual triggers an active immune response without causing an allergic reaction. The paradigm has shifted from recommending avoidance to early consumption strategies to prevent allergies. The period from 4 to 6 months of age is considered immunologically sensitive, where children with risk factors show increased allergic sensitization risk. Implementing these recommendations, considering family and community preferences, may reduce the burden of food allergies and healthcare costs.

Resumen Hasta hace poco, el enfoque principal para tratar las alergias alimentarias implicaba evitar estrictamente el alérgeno desencadenante. Este método a menudo se consideraba insuficiente, lo que dejaba a los pacientes vulnerables a pequeñas cantidades o fuentes ocultas del alérgeno. La desensibilización, o inducción de tolerancia oral, es un método emergente que se está investigando para el tratamiento de las alergias alimentarias. El objetivo final es conseguir una tolerancia permanente, previniendo reacciones alérgicas tras una nueva exposición al alérgeno tras un periodo de abstinencia. La investigación se ha centrado en la inmunoterapia con alérgenos específicos a través de tres vías: oral, sublingual y epicutánea. La leche, el huevo y el maní son los principales alimentos estudiados debido a su prevalencia en las alergias. Se prefiere la inducción oral porque la ingestión de una persona no alérgica induce una respuesta inmune sin desencadenar una reacción alérgica. La atención de pacientes se ha desplazado de evitar el alergeno a ofrecer estrategias de consumo temprano para prevenir las alergias. En este enfoque se considera crucial el rango de edad de 4 a 6 meses. Se necesita investigación continua para evaluar los detalles de la población, los efectos a largo plazo, la viabilidad y la seguridad de estas estrategias.

Resumen Introducción : Es una enfermedad zoonótica cuyo agente etiológico es el virus de la viruela símica. Desde el 1 de enero de 2022, se han notificado casos de viruela símica a la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en 110 Estados Miembros en las 6 regiones de la OMS. Métodos : El presente trabajo es un estudio observa cional descriptivo de cohorte retrospectivo en primera instancia, y prospectivo al final, donde se describen las características epidemiológicas, la presentación clínica, y las complicaciones recabadas mediante llamado telefó nico al día 28 en 75 pacientes con diagnóstico de viruela símica confirmado por RT-PCR (correspondientes al 7% de los casos notificados en Argentina). Fue desarrollado entre el 12 de julio de 2022 y el 6 de octubre de 2022. Resultados : La población afectada fue en su totalidad hombres cisgénero, 70 (93.3%) identificados como hom bres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH). Cincuenta y uno (68%) estaban coinfectados con HIV, 50 (98%) esta ban recibiendo TARV. Todos los pacientes presentaron manifestaciones mucocutáneas. El exantema se mani festó con variedad de lesiones: papulares, vesiculares y pustulosas. En 26 (44.1%) los síntomas sistémicos se presentaron previos a la aparición del exantema, siendo el aumento de la temperatura corporal el más frecuente. Treinta y cuatro (45.3%) de los pacientes reportaron algu na complicación, siendo la proctitis la más frecuente se guida por edema de pene. Se observaron secuelas en 40 (53.3%), siendo la más frecuente las cicatrices cutáneas. Conclusión : En esta serie de casos pudimos observar mayormente cuadros leves, siendo las lesiones anogeni tales la presentación clínica más frecuente. La presencia de secuelas, el impacto social y emocional de esta enfer medad hacen necesario un enfoque multidisciplinario.

Abstract Introduction : Monkeypox It is a zoonotic disease. The etiologic agent is the monkeypox virus. Since January 1, 2022, monkeypox cases have been reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 110 Member States across 6 WHO regions. Methods : The present work is a descriptive-ob servational-retrospective cohort in the first instance, and prospective at the end, where the epidemiological characteristics, clinical presentation and complications collected by telephone call on day 28, are described 75 patients diagnosed with monkeypox, confirmed by RT-PCR (corresponding to 7% of the cases reported in Argentina). It was developed between July 12, 2022 and October 6, 2022. Results : The affected population was entirely cis gender men, 70 (93.3%) identified as men who have sex with men (MSM). Fifty-one (68%) were co-infected with HIV, 50 (98%) were receiving ART. All patients presented mucocutaneous manifestations. The rash manifested with a variety of lesions: papular, vesicular, and pustular. In 26 (44.1%) the systemic symptoms presented prior to the appearance of the rash, being the increase in body temperature the most frequent. Thirty-four (45.3%) of the patients reported some complication, with proctitis being the most frequent followed by penile edema. Se quelae were observed in 40 (53.3%), the most frequent being skin scars. Conclusion: In this case series we were able to ob serve mostly mild symptoms, with anogenital lesions being the most frequent clinical presentation. The pres ence of sequelae, the social and emotional impact of this disease make a multidisciplinary approach necessary.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Aromatherapy with lavender essential oil has been used to reduce pain, anxiety, nausea and vomiting, among others. As the painful experience is unique, responses to therapeutic approaches may vary among individuals and there are specific conditions related to women’s health that deserve to be examined. The objective of this study was to analyze the uses of aromatherapy with essential oil of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), by nurses, for pain control in women. CONTENTS: This is a scoping literature review. The search was carried out in the following portals and/or databases: BVS, Pubmed, Cochrane, on June 3, 2022, and was updated on June 9, 2023. The sample consisted of four controlled clinical trials addressing aromatherapy with lavender essential oil in the “inhalation” and “massage” modalities, to treat acute labor pain and dysmenorrhea. In all studies, the intervention provided a reduction in pain without unwanted effects (p<0.05) and the nurse participated as a member of the multidisciplinary team. CONCLUSION: Aromatherapy with lavender essential oil during labor and dysmenorrhea proved to be effective in reducing pain in the analyzed sample. OBJECTIVES anxiety vomiting others unique womens women s examined Lavandula angustifolia, angustifolia , angustifolia) nurses CONTENTS review andor or databases BVS Pubmed Cochrane 3 2022 9 2023 inhalation “inhalation massage “massage modalities studies p<0.05 p005 p 0 05 (p<0.05 team CONCLUSION 202 p<0.0 p00 (p<0.0 20 p<0. p0 (p<0. 2 p<0 (p<0 p< (p< (p

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A aromaterapia com óleo essencial de lavanda tem sido utilizada para redução de dor, ansiedade, náuseas e vômitos, dentre outros. Assim como a experiência dolorosa é única, as respostas às abordagens terapêuticas podem variar entre os indivíduos e há condições específicas relacionadas à saúde da mulher que merecem ser examinadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os usos da aromaterapia com óleo essencial de lavanda (Lavandula angustifolia), por enfermeiros, no controle da dor em mulheres. CONTEÚDO: Esta é uma revisão de escopo da literatura. A busca foi realizada nos seguintes portais e/ou bases de dados: BVS, Pubmed, Cochrane, em 03 junho de 2022, sendo atualizada em 09 de junho de 2023. A amostra foi composta de quatro ensaios clínicos controlados abordando aromaterapia com óleo essencial de lavanda nas modalidades “inalação” e “massagem”, para tratar dor aguda do parto e da dismenorreia. Em todos os estudos a intervenção proporcionou redução na dor sem efeitos adversos (p<0,05) e o enfermeiro participou como integrante da equipe multidisciplinar. CONCLUSÃO: A aromaterapia com óleo essencial de lavanda no trabalho de parto e dismenorreia mostrou-se eficaz para a redução da dor na amostra analisada. OBJETIVOS ansiedade vômitos outros única examinadas Lavandula angustifolia, angustifolia , angustifolia) enfermeiros mulheres CONTEÚDO literatura eou ou dados BVS Pubmed Cochrane 0 2022 2023 inalação “inalação massagem, massagem “massagem” p<0,05 p005 p 05 (p<0,05 multidisciplinar CONCLUSÃO mostrouse mostrou se analisada 202 “massagem p<0,0 p00 (p<0,0 20 p<0, p0 (p<0, 2 p<0 (p<0 p< (p< (p

RESUMEN En el sur de Córdoba la simplificación en los sistemas de producción ha incrementado el riesgo a la erosión eólica, debido a los cambios en la dinámica de la cobertura vegetal y la remoción de suelo. Por lo tanto, nuestros objetivos fueron evaluar la fracción erosionable por el viento en diferentes manejos y ambientes en el Sur del Córdoba, y relacionarla con propiedades edáficas. Para ello, en tres macro-ambientes (Oeste, Centro y Este) y en cuatro manejos: Monte (P), Mixto (M), Agricultura sin maní (A0) y Agricultura con maní (A1) se tomaron muestras de suelo sin disturbar para la determinación de la fracción erosionable por el viento (FE) usando un tamiz rotativo. Además, se tomaron muestras para la determinación de materia orgánica (MO) y textura. Existió interacción entre el manejo y el macro-ambiente para la FE. En el Oeste, la FE fue similar entre manejos y con valores por encima del umbral, en el Este también fue similar entre manejos, pero con valores por debajo del umbral. En el Centro, la FE de A1 fue mayor, presentando valores por encima de 40%. La FE se relacionó de manera lineal y negativa con la MO y de manera lineal y positiva con el contenido de arena. En suelos con más de 70% de arena es necesario el uso de cultivos de servicio para controlar la erosión, mientras que este umbral se reduce a 60% para aquellas secuencias con maní.

ABSTRACT In the South of Córdoba province, the simplification of agricultural production systems has increased the risk of wind erosion, due to changes in the dynamics of vegetation cover and land use. Therefore, our objectives were to evaluate the soil erodible fraction by wind in response to different management practices and environments in southern Córdoba province and to relate it to soil properties. For them, in three macro-environments (West, Central and East southern Córdoba) under four soil uses: Forest (P), Mixed (M), Agriculture without peanut crop (A0) and Agriculture with peanut crop (A1), undisturbed samples were taken for the determination of the wind erodible fraction (FE) using a rotary sieve. Additional samples were taken for the determination of organic matter (OM) and texture. There was interaction between soil use and the macro-environment for FE. In West and East southern Cordoba, FE was similar among soil uses with values above the threshold in the former and below the threshold in the latter. In the Central macro-region, FE of A1 was higher, with values above 40%. A linear negative relation was observed between FE and OM, whereas a linear positive relation was established between FE and sand content. In soils with above 70% sand, the use of service crops is necessary to control erosion, while this threshold is reduced to 60% for those sequences with peanut crop.

Abstract Pinole is a fine flour made from popped and toasted maize and it is the predominant food in the Rarámuri diet. This work aims to advance the sensory mapping of pinole from Sierra Tarahumara and evaluate its aroma. Three samples of pinole were analysed using a modified flash profile, Head Space-Solid Phase Dynamic Extraction coupled to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, and electronic nose (e-nose). The e-nose analysis showed few significant differences between the pinoles. The results of the sensory profile showed that the descriptive characteristics (seventeen attributes in total) could discriminate each sample, and this could be a consequence of the slight differences in the traditional processes applied. Forty-nine volatile compounds were identified in the three samples, of which twenty-two had previously been identified in popcorn and other corn products. A Multiple Factor Analysis showed correlations of various volatile compounds (e.g., heterocyclic compounds probably formed during roasting and smoking) and sensor responses with sensory odour attributes such as peanut, corn, toasted, sweet and pinole as well as flavour attributes like toasted, pinole, sweet and corn taste.

Resumen El pinole es una harina fina hecha con base en maíz reventado, tostado y es el alimento predominante en la dieta Rarámuri. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo avanzar en el mapeo sensorial del pinole de la Sierra Tarahumara de Chihuahua, México y evaluar su aroma. Se analizaron tres muestras del producto utilizando el Perfil Flash modificado, la cromatografía de gases-la espectrometría de masas con extracción dinámica en la fase sólida de espacio de cabeza (HS-SPDE) y la nariz electrónica (e-nose). En el análisis de la nariz electrónica hubo pocas diferencias significativas entre los pinoles. En los resultados del perfil sensorial las características descriptivas (diecisiete atributos en total) discriminaron cada muestra, como una consecuencia de las ligeras diferencias en los procesos tradicionales aplicados. Se identificaron cuarenta y nueve compuestos volátiles en las tres muestras, de los que veintidós se habían determinado previamente en las palomitas de maíz y en otros productos de maíz. El Análisis Factorial Múltiple mostró correlaciones de varios compuestos volátiles (p. ej., los compuestos heterocíclicos formados durante el tostado y el ahumado) y las respuestas de los sensores con dos tipos de atributos: de olores sensoriales como maní, maíz, tostado, dulce y pinole, y los de sabor como tostado, pinole, dulce y maíz.

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of hyperthyroidism and its treatment on body weight and composition, insulin resistance, and mediators of appetite and energy homeostasis, namely ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin, and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Subjects and methods: Thirty-five adult patients (27 female and 8 male, aged 39.63 ± 9.70 years) with overt hyperthyroidism were evaluated for leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, and FGF21 levels; insulin resistance; and body composition using DEXA both at baseline and a minimum of two months following normalization of serum thyroxin on carbimazole treatment. Comparison of means between the baseline and post treatment values was performed by the paired t test for normally distributed parameters and by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for non-normally distributed data. Results: Hyperthyroidism correction resulted in an increase in weight from 51.15 ± 8.50 kg to 55.74 ± 8.74 kg (P < 0.001), paradoxically accompanied by a decrease in insulin resistance as measured by HOMA-IR from 1.35 (1.02-1.72) to 0.73 (0.52-0.93) ( P < 0.001). Correction of hyperthyroidism was also associated with a decrease in FGF21 from 58 (55-64) to 52 (47-58) pg/mL ( P < 0.001) and in leptin levels from 17 (7-36) to 11 (4.6-28) ng/mL ( P = 0.03). Conclusion: Despite lower body weight, thyrotoxicosis is associated with insulin resistance. High levels of thermogenic hormones, leptin, and FGF21 were observed in thyrotoxicosis and may be partly responsible for the excessive heat production typical of this condition.