RESUMEN El financiamiento externo es una de las limitantes del desarrollo en emprendimiento MIPYMES entre los cuales se encuentran los emprendimientos agropecuarios. Por tanto, el trabajo de investigación, tuvo como objetivo identificar el origen del financiamiento externo en productores hortícolas de tres localidades del distrito de Julián Augusto Saldívar, Departamento Central. Se aplicó una investigación con enfoque cuantitativo de alcance descriptivo. El diseño del mismo es no experimental cuantitativa. Se aplica el método de la entrevista en profundidad para un mejor abordaje de los sujetos. La totalidad de las fincas son del tipo familiar. El 48% de los emprendimientos no operan con financiamiento o crédito externo, el 52% cuenta con algún nivel de endeudamiento. El Crédito Agrícola de Habilitación (CAH) ha aportado financiamiento a un 22%. El Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería a un 9%. El 33% afirma haber recibido financiamiento de Bancos. Las Cooperativas han aportado al financiamiento a un 25%. Las Casas de Crédito a un 9%. Las fundaciones aportaron a un 13%. Finalmente, existe un 8% que considera al Crédito de Proveedores como fuentes de financiamiento. Considerando que el 52% de los encuestados informa contar con endeudamiento, se puede afirmar que, si bien el financiamiento externo a nivel general puede considerarse escaso, por la falta de acceso al crédito, los emprendimientos estudiados se encontrarían un poco por encima de las estadísticas nacionales.

ABSTRACT External financing is one of the limitations of development in MSME entrepreneurship, among which are agricultural ventures. Therefore, the objective of the research work was to identify the origin of external financing in horticultural producers in three locations in the district of Julián Augusto Saldívar, Central Department. A research with a quantitative approach of descriptive scope was applied. Its design is non-experimental quantitative. The in-depth interview method is applied for a better approach to the subjects. All of the farms are family-type. 48% of the ventures do not operate with external financing or credit, 52% have some level of debt. The Agricultural Habilitation Credit (CAH) has provided financing to 22%. The Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock at 9%. 33% claim to have received financing from banks. The Cooperatives have contributed 25% to the financing. Credit Houses at 9%. The foundations contributed 13%. Finally, there is 8% that consider Supplier Credit as sources of financing. Considering that 52% of those surveyed reports having debt, it can be stated that, although external financing at a general level can be considered scarce, due to the lack of access to credit, the ventures studied would be a little above the statistics national.

Abstract Financial resilience is a faculty that improves the capabilities of companies to identify financial problems, resist them, confront them and recover quickly in the face of an economic crisis, such as that generated by COVID-19. The objective of this article is to determine the effects of financial resilience on the economic well-being of MSMEs in Baja California, Mexico. An economic well-being index is estimated based on the OECD/INFE (2020) methodology and an econometric model with information from 465 entrepreneurs to prove that financial resilience attenuated economic shocks in MSMEs during the recent period of economic crisis. The results suggest that, although the economic deficit negatively affected the economic well-being of the MSME, the majority of entrepreneurs preferred to be prudent, supporting deficits and avoiding new financial instruments. It was evident that MSME entrepreneurs sought to restore and improve their economic well-being through financial prudence.

Resumen La resiliencia financiera es una facultad que mejora las capacidades de las empresas para identificar problemas financieros, resistirlos, afrontarlos y recuperarse rápidamente ante una situación de crisis económica, como la generada por el COVID-19. El objetivo del presente artículo es determinar los efectos de la resiliencia financiera sobre el bienestar económico de la MiPyMe en Baja California, México. Se estima un índice de bienestar económico con base en la metodología de OECD/INFE (2020) y un modelo econométrico con información de 465 empresarios para probar que la resiliencia financiera atenuó los choques económicos en las MiPyMe durante el periodo reciente de crisis económica. Los resultados sugieren que, si bien el déficit económico afectó negativamente al bienestar económico de la MiPyMe, la mayoría de empresarios prefirieron ser prudentes, soportando déficits y evitar nuevos instrumentos financieros. Se evidenció que los empresarios de MiPyMe buscaron a través de la prudencia financiera restablecer y mejorar su bienestar económico.

Abstract: This paper examines how digitalization of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is influenced by their ability to adapt in a turbulent environment. Our goal is to understand the role of dynamic capabilities, specifically sensing and seizing opportunities, in the digital maturity of firms. We employ a structural equation model to analyze the effect of these capabilities on MSMEs’ digitalization, taking advantage of a novel data set from the self-assessment tool Chequeo Digital in Ecuador. Our focus on dynamic capabilities in the MSMEs context, represents a significant contribution, enhancing our understanding of the determinants of digitalization. The results show a positive and substantial effect of both capabilities on the digital advance of MSMEs. Moreover, we found a negative and significant moderating effect of firm age, on the relationship between sensing capability and digitalization, suggesting that older firms may face in adopting digital technologies when compared to their younger counterparts.

Abstract: Customer Satisfaction, Innovation, and Product Quality are a cornerstone for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) seeking growth, competitiveness, and long-term sustainability. This research explores the complexities of how Customer Satisfaction, Innovation, and Product Quality impact the performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) within the vibrant Iberoamerican business environment. Utilizing a quantitative methodology, the study examines the interplay between Customer Satisfaction, Innovation, and Product Quality and their collective effect on the operational success of MSMEs in the Iberoamerican region. An index derived from self-reported data was employed to gauge MSME performance, drawing upon a comprehensive survey of 9,300 Iberoamerican MSMEs. Our findings reveal factors such as company origin, size, and age significantly impact the level of innovation achievable by MSMEs; also, innovation has generated resilience in some local sectors for one of the analyzed countries, Colombia. Notably, younger, medium-sized companies exhibit a propensity for higher innovation than older firms and micro-enterprises. The study's implications for theory and practice extend to policymakers, business owners, and stakeholders invested in fostering MSME growth and development.

Abstract Before the pandemic, the economic development of Micro, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSME) in Latin America showed gradual signs of recovery after the problems that occurred in years 2009 and 2016. As of 2017, Mexico maintained a growing inflation of 5% on average, the price of energy increased 20%, an external debt growth of 12% and a GDP lesser than 1.6% per year (Banco Mundial, 2020), (OCDE, 2019), (INEGI, 2018). By the end of 2019, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID - 2019) evidenced failure factors that exacerbated the permanence of MSMEs, since closed more than 30.6% of them (Naciones Unidas, 2021). In this research, these factors are discussed, by compiling information on economic behavior, and quantitative studies of the commercial, manufacturing and services sectors. To identify these factors, 246 Mexican MSMEs that closed between September 2019 and December 2020 were selected using stratified random sampling. The results showed failure factors associated with the capabilities of the administrator and internal aspects of the company, among which the lack of vision to identify new businesses and little knowledge of Information Technology stand out.

Resumen Antes de la pandemia el desarrollo económico de las Micro, Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (MiPyME) en Latinoamérica presentaba indicios paulatinos de recuperación tras los problemas presentados en los años 2009 y 2016. México a partir del 2017 mantuvo una inflación creciente del 5% promedio, el precio de los energéticos aumentó en un 20%, el crecimiento de la deuda externa un 12% y el PIB fue menor al 1.6% anual (Banco Mundial, 2020), (OCDE, 2019), (INEGI, 2018). Para finales del 2019, el SARS-CoV-2 (COVID - 2019) evidenció factores de fracaso que agudizaron la permanencia de las MiPyME ya que cerraron más del 30.6% de ellas (Naciones Unidas, 2021). En esta investigación se discuten dichos factores, para ello, se recopiló información del comportamiento económico, y de estudios cuantitativos de los sectores comerciales, manufactura y servicios. Para identificar estos factores, se encuestaron a 246 MiPyME mexicanas que cerraron entre septiembre del 2019 y diciembre del 2020, las cuales fueron seleccionadas mediante muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Los resultados evidenciaron factores de fracaso asociados a las capacidades del administrador y a aspectos internos de la empresa, entre los que destacan la falta de visión para identificar nuevos negocios y poco conocimiento de las Tecnologías de la Información.

Abstract This study aims to determine factors impacting the intention of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in using fintech lending applications as an optional source of business financing using the technology acceptance model approach. The population in this study were MSMEs in Indonesia. Samples were taken by purposive sampling with the criteria of having used a licensed fintech lending application for business financing. The samples used were 171 samples. This study used structural equation model (SEM) as the analysis technique. The results of this study showed that Perceived Ease of Use had an impact on Perceived Usefulness but had no effect on Attitude Toward Using. The factor Perceived Usefulness had an effect on Attitude Toward Using, and Attitude Toward Using influences Behavioral Intention to Use. Fintech companies can play a role by providing education and empowerment to foster understanding of digital literacy for MSME stakeholders. The governments need to develop policy frameworks that can balance innovation and risk mitigation. Micro Small (MSMEs approach Indonesia 17 SEM (SEM technique stakeholders mitigation 1

RESUMO Este estudo tem como objetivo determinar os fatores que impactam a intenção de Micro, Pequenas e Médias Empresas (MPMEs) em usar aplicativos de empréstimo fintech como uma fonte opcional de financiamento de negócios usando a abordagem do modelo de aceitação de tecnologia. A população neste estudo eram MPMEs na Indonésia. As amostras foram coletadas por amostragem intencional, selecionando indivíduos com base no critério de terem utilizado um aplicativo de empréstimo fintech licenciado para financiamento de negócios. A amostra consistiu de 171 indivíduos. Este estudo utilizou o modelo de equação estrutural (SEM) como técnica de análise. Os seus resultados mostram que a Facilidade de Uso Percebida tem impacto na Utilidade Percebida, mas não teve efeito na Atitude Face ao Uso. O fator de Utilidade Percebida tem um efeito na Atitude Face ao Uso, e Atitude Face ao Uso influenciam a Intenção Comportamental de Uso. A empresa fintech pode desempenhar um papel ao fornecer educação e capacitação para promover a compreensão da alfabetização digital para as partes interessadas das MPME. Os governos precisam desenvolver estruturas políticas que possam equilibrar inovação e mitigação de riscos. Micro (MPMEs tecnologia Indonésia intencional 17 SEM (SEM análise MPME riscos 1

PURPOSE: Previous studies have found mixed results regarding the effect of job crafting (JC) on employee engagement (EE) and employee performance (EP). JC was also influenced by the type of work and tenure. Therefore, the present study examined the relationship between JC and EE in increasing in-role (IRP) and extra-role performance (ERP). Additionally, it analyses JC on manufacturing and service micro, small and medium enterprise (MSME) and differences in tenure DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The study was conducted using 1032 employees who work in MSME in Indonesia, especially in Yogyakarta. Validity and reliability tests were carried out for the questionnaire, and Chi-square was used to test the JC difference for the type of work, analysis of variance was used to test the JC difference on tenure, and structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the relationship model FINDINGS/RESULTS: The results of SEM with a two-step approach found that EE mediated the effect of JC on performance. Depending on the type of work performed, the challenges of manufacturing companies differed from those of service companies. The tenure also distinguished the JC that was carried out PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Job crafting is a phenomenon of employee creativity that is important for achieving a good fit in the workplace and increase EE and EP. The human resources department needs to optimize this concept by regulating the procedures for conducting JC ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The results found that the effect of JC was only on IRP and was different, negative, positive and insignificant. Furthermore, JC is proven not to affect ERP

Abstract The current context in which companies operate has meant that financing is offered in a different way than the traditional one. Technology has made investment and financing alternatives appear that are aimed at reducing financial costs and access to credit by MSMEs in Peru and Latin America. The objective of this research was to establish if the MSMEs of the Piura Region, Peru, are willing to demand financing through Crowdlending. The hypothesis that was raised was aimed at confirming that MSMEs are willing to demand financing through Crowdlending. To test this hypothesis, 382 surveys were applied to MSMEs from the different provinces of the Piura Region. The research was quantitative, descriptive and longitudinal. The perceptions of MSME entrepreneurs regarding Crowdlending were collected from the perspective of financial costs, the speed of access to credit and the flexibility of credit conditions. Ignorance of these financing alternatives and distrust in virtual transactions could have conditioned the answers. The results showed that the majority of entrepreneurs are willing to demand financing through Crowdlending, despite the fact that they perceive that access to credit would be slow, the financial cost low and that there would be high flexibility in the credit conditions to be demanded.

Resumen El contexto actual en que se desenvuelven las empresas ha propiciado que el financiamiento sea ofertado de una manera distinta al tradicional. La tecnología ha permitido que aparezcan alternativas de inversión y financiamiento que se orientan a disminuir los costos financieros y el acceso al crédito por parte de las mipymes en el Perú y América Latina. El objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer si las mipymes de la región Piura, Perú, están dispuestas a demandar financiamiento a través del crowdlending. La hipótesis pretendía confirmar que las mipymes están dispuestas a demandar financiamiento a través del crowdlending. Para contrastar esta hipótesis se aplicaron 382 encuestas a las mipymes de las diferentes provincias de la región Piura. La investigación fue de carácter cuantitativo, descriptivo y longitudinal. Se recogieron las percepciones de los empresarios de las mipymes con respecto al crowdlending desde la perspectiva de los costos financieros, la rapidez de acceso al crédito y la flexibilidad de condiciones del crédito. El desconocimiento de estas alternativas de financiamiento y la desconfianza en las transacciones virtuales pudieron condicionar las respuestas. Los resultados demostraron que la mayoría de los empresarios están dispuesto a demandar financiamiento a través del crowdlending, a pesar de que perciben que el acceso al crédito sería lento, el costo financiero bajo y que se daría una alta flexibilidad en las condiciones del crédito a demandar.

Abstract This research strives to examine the influence of financial access towards the performance of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) through entrepreneurship oriented finance. The research respondents were comprised of 265 batik MSME entrepreneurs from three regions in Central Java Province in Indonesia, which are Pekalongan Regency, Rembang Regency, and Surakarta Municipality. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to synchronously test the data. The research results revealed that financial access, entrepreneurial orientation, and entrepreneurship oriented finance have a positive influence on MSME performance. In addition, financial access, business prospect, entrepreneurial orientation, and government policy support have a positive influence on entrepreneurship oriented finance. Furthermore, entrepreneurship oriented finance mediates the influence between business prospects, entrepreneurial orientation, and government policy support towards MSME performance.

Resumen Esta investigación se esfuerza por examinar la influencia del acceso financiero en el desempeño de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (MIPYME) a través de las finanzas orientadas al emprendimiento. Los encuestados de la investigación estaban compuestos por 265 emprendedores de MIPYME batik de tres regiones de la provincia de Java Central en Indonesia, que son la regencia de Pekalongan, la regencia de Rembang y el municipio de Surakarta. Se utilizó el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para probar los datos de forma sincrónica. Los resultados de la investigación revelaron que el acceso financiero, la orientación empresarial y las finanzas orientadas al emprendimiento tienen una influencia positiva en el desempeño de las MIPYME. Además, el acceso financiero, la perspectiva comercial, la orientación empresarial y el apoyo de las políticas gubernamentales tienen una influencia positiva en las finanzas orientadas al emprendimiento. Además, las finanzas orientadas al emprendimiento median la influencia entre las perspectivas comerciales, la orientación empresarial y el apoyo de la política gubernamental al desempeño de las MIPYME

Abstract: The present study aims to assess the performance of MSME (micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises) managers from the State of Atlántico (Colombia) by using a creative and innovative scenario. The methodology is qualitative, quantitative, descriptive, and interpretative. The population under study consists of 29 senior manufacturing sector company managers from the State of Atlántico that are registered in the Chamber of Commerce. An interview with nine open-ended questions and a survey with four questions with a Likert scale are applied. The results show that strongly hierarchical organizations have a tendency to be linked negatively with creativity. It is concluded that creativity requires a proper environment to successfully develop inside companies, for which it is necessary to create a conducive environment for generating ideas.

Resumen: El presente estudio tiene como objetivo realizar un diagnóstico de la gestión de gerentes de micro, pequeñas, y medianas empresas (MIPYMES) del departamento del Atlántico (Colombia) en un escenario creativo e innovador. La metodología es cuali-cuantitativa de tipo descriptivo e interpretativo. La población objeto de estudio se constituyó por 29 miembros de la alta gerencia de empresas del sector manufacturero en el departamento del Atlántico, registradas en la Cámara de Comercio. Para la recolección de datos, se aplicó una entrevista con nueve preguntas abiertas y una encuesta con 4 preguntas con escala tipo Likert. Los resultados muestran que organizaciones fuertemente jerárquicas tienden a relacionarse negativamente con la creatividad. Se concluye que la creatividad requiere de un entorno para desenvolverse en la organización, por lo cual es necesario crear un ambiente propicio para generar ideas.

Resumen A través del desarrollo de un proyecto de investigación académico, se planteó involucrar a tres actores de la sociedad como son el estado, la academia y el sector productivo (sector terciario, el comercio al detal), con la intención de incluir también a la sociedad para resolver la problemática real de una Mipyme tipo granero en el municipio de Tuluá, Colombia. Lo anterior, basado en la aplicación de los modelos de triple y cuádruple hélice que buscan el desarrollo científico y tecnológico de una sociedad para conseguir un bienestar general y sostenible en el tiempo. A través de la observación no estructurada, la revisión de documentos y entrevistas abiertas con el gerente y empleados de la Mipyme, se recolectaron los datos relacionados con las características de la misma. Con base en lo anterior, se estableció la problemática actual y se estudió la solución que mejor se adaptara a las necesidades y requerimientos de la empresa. Luego, se diseñó y desarrolló la máquina dispensadora de cajetillas de cigarrillos. La medición del tiempo de despacho y atención al cliente, así como el control de productos extraviados, permitieron verificar eficiencia de la máquina. Se demostró, mediante el diseño y el desarrollo de la maquina dispensadora, que la interrelación y la cooperación academia-empresa-estado-personas es factible y útil para resolver los problemas reales de las organizaciones. Así mismo, se evidenció la necesidad de mayor participación de la sociedad civil, así como de lograr la sostenibilidad en el tiempo de la cooperación academia-empresa-estado y sociedad.

Abstract Through an academic research project, it was proposed to stablish a cooperation of three main actors in a society such as state, academia and productive sector (tertiary sector, retail), but keep in mind to incorporate people, in order to solve real-world problems of a MSMEs type called granero in Tuluá-Colombia. All this, based on triple and quadruple helix model’s application, that seek scientific and technological development of a society to achieve a general and sustainable quality of life over time. Through unstructured observation, document review and open interviews with MSME manager and employees, the data related to company characteristics were collected. Based on this information, it proceeded to establish the current situation and study the solution that best match needs and requirements of the company. Then, the cigarette pack dispenser machine was designed and developed. Measurement of dispatch and customer service times and the lost products inventory, allowed to verify the machine efficiency. Design and development of the dispensing machine allow to evidenced that academy-company-state-people interrelation and cooperation is feasible and useful to solve real life problems in organizations. In addition, a greater participation of civil society and increase the academy-company-state cooperation and society cooperation over time was evidenced.

Resumo Por meio de um projeto de pesquisa acadêmica, propôs-se trazer a cooperação de três atores principais em uma sociedade como o estado, a academia e o setor produtivo, mas tendo em mente a incorporação de pessoas, a fim de resolver problemas reais de um tipo de PMEs denominadas granero em Tuluá-Colômbia. Tudo isso, com base na aplicação do modelo de hélice tripla e quádrupla, que busca o desenvolvimento científico, tecnológico e social de uma sociedade para alcançar uma qualidade de vida geral e sustentável ao longo do tempo. Por meio de observação não estruturada, análise de documentos e entrevistas abertas com gestores e funcionários de MPMEs, foram coletados os dados relacionados às características das MPME. Com base nestas informações, procedeu-se a estabelecer a situação atual e estudar a solução que melhor se adequa às necessidades e requisitos da empresa. Então, a máquina dispensadora de maços de cigarros foi projetada e desenvolvida. A medição dos tempos de expedição e atendimento ao cliente e do estoque de produtos perdidos, permitiu verificar a eficiência da máquina. O projeto e o desenvolvimento da máquina distribuidora permitem evidenciar que a inter-relação e cooperação academia-empresa-estado-pessoas é viável e útil para resolver problemas da vida real nas organizações. Além disso, evidenciou-se uma maior participação da sociedade civil e aumento da cooperação academia-empresa-estado e da sociedade ao longo do tempo.

Resumen Tomando en consideración la importancia de la sostenibilidad, esta investigación tiene como objetivo la validación de una escala que permita determinar el comportamiento sostenible en las Mipymes de Tamaulipas en función de los valores de trabajo y de las competencias emprendedoras. Para esto, se integró un instrumento basado en estudios previos y fundamentos teóricos, con el cual, a través del análisis de 137 unidades económicas, se llevó a cabo la evaluación a través de distintas etapas: análisis descriptivo de datos para medir parámetros de normalidad, análisis factorial exploratorio para establecer la consistencia de los ítems más representativos y los constructos planteados de manera teórica (Alpha de Cronbach, KMO, esfericidad de Bartlett, comunalidades, correlaciones, varianza explicada, cargas factoriales) y un análisis factorial confirmatorio para determinar la validez convergente y discriminante. Dentro de los resultados obtenidos se presenta una escala válida y confiable para las variables y constructos a través de propiedades estadísticas satisfactorias.

Abstract Considering the importance of sustainability, the objective of this research was to validate a scale that allows to determine sustainable behavior in MSME of Tamaulipas, based on work values and entrepreneurial skills. For this purpose, an instrument supported on previous studies and theoretical foundations was integrated, with which, through the analysis of 137 economic units, the evaluation was carried out through different stages: a descriptive data analysis to measure parameters of normality, an exploratory factor analysis to establish the consistency of the most representative items and the constructs proposed theoretically (Cronbach's Alpha, KMO, Bartlett’s sphericity, commonalities, correlations, explained variance, factor loadings), and a confirmatory factor analysis to determine convergent and discriminant validity. The results obtained show a valid and reliable scale for the variables and constructs through satisfactory statistical properties.

Resumen La resiliencia se genera cuando el líder tiene capacidad de adaptarse a cambios perturbadores y capacidad de convertir las condiciones perjudiciales en ventajas de mejora hacia la fijación de los objetivos establecidos. Este trabajo es resultado de una investigación realizada sobre el liderazgo resiliente en dos empresas hoteleras (una micro y una pequeña) de Villaflores, Chiapas, México. El objetivo fue identificar las características del liderazgo resiliente y su apoyo a las micro y pequeñas empresas hoteleras de la localidad. La metodología adoptó un enfoque cualitativo, transversal, desarrollado con el método de estudio de caso múltiple. Es un trabajo que comprueba el liderazgo resiliente y sus subcategorías: física, social, mental, emocional y ética. Los resultados arrojan la presencia de características del liderazgo resiliente, predominando las resiliencias mental, física y social. Se tienen estas particularidades de manera innata y se propone su reconocimiento consciente para el desarrollo integral del líder resiliente.

Abstract Resilience is generated when the leader has the ability to adapt to disruptive changes and ability to turn damaging conditions into advantages directed towards achieving the established goals. This work is the result of research done in two hotel companies (one micro and one small) in Villaflores, Chiapas, Mexico. The objective is to identify the characteristics of resilient leadership and its support for the hotel MSME in town. The methodology applied a qualitative, cross-sectional approach, developed with the multiple case study method. It is a work that tests resilient leadership and its subcategories: physical, social, mental, emotional, and ethical resilience. The results show the presence of resilient leadership characteristics, predominantly those of mental, physical, and social resilience. These particularities are innate, and their conscious recognition is proposed for the development of the resilient leader to be integral.

Abstract This article aims to propose a model for quality assurance of functional and non-functional requirements in Software Projects that may be appropriate for the MSME industry and find a propitious scenario to improve its competitiveness in the national and international order based on the products it manufactures. The metamodel was validated from its conceptualization, development, implementation, and evaluation with experts from academia and industry to reduce the gap between them. As a result, the development of an information system adjusted to the needs of regional software producers is achieved, which has the ability to accompany software projects in the management of quality requirements from the first stages, in accordance with the quality characteristics established by international organizations with experience in the discipline.

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo proponer un modelo para el aseguramiento de la calidad de los requerimientos funcionales y no funcionales en Proyectos de Software que pueda ser apropiado por la industria MiPyme y encuentre en éste un escenario propicio para mejorar su competitividad en el orden nacional e internacional a partir de los productos que fabrica. El mismo fue validado desde su conceptualización, desarrollo, implementación y evaluación con la participación de expertos de la academia e industria para reducir la brecha que existe entre estos. Como resultado, se logra el desarrollo de un sistema de información ajustado a las necesidades de los productores de software regionales del eje cafetero Pereira, Colombia, que tiene la capacidad de acompañar los proyectos de software en la gestión de requisitos de calidad desde etapas tempranas, de acuerdo con características de calidad establecidas por organizaciones internacionales expertas en la disciplina.

Resumen Esta investigación surge en un contexto de creciente preocupación por enfrentar la problemática de la pérdida de alimentos (PA), con el objetivo de evaluar los procesos de elaboración de productos agroindustriales centrándose en la determinación de puntos críticos de pérdida de alimentos (PCPA) para promover su reducción. La investigación se realizó en una MiPyme (micro, pequeña y mediana empresa) costarricense, dedicada al procesamiento de frutas tropicales. La metodología propuesta para la evaluación de PA permitió la conformación de un Equipo de Valorización de Pérdida de Alimentos (EVPA) para un enfoque multidisciplinario a lo largo del estudio, así como la construcción de un diagrama de flujo para el proceso seleccionado (pulpa de guanábana) y la identificación y cuantificación de las pérdidas. La evaluación de los puntos de pérdida de alimentos (PPA) se realizó utilizando una matriz y un índice de criticidad basados en la severidad y probabilidad de ocurrencia; lo que condujo a la identificación de los puntos críticos. Como resultado, se detectaron cuatro PCPA; relacionados con el ingreso de materias primas, la operación despulpado y la transferencia de las pulpas procesadas a los contenedores. El estudio de caso muestra que la metodología aplicada permite determinar los PCPA en una MiPyme como la estudiada; como una primer medida para identificar y reducir la pérdida de alimentos, mejorar la eficiencia y valorar nuevas estrategias de gestión de alimentos.

Abstract This research emerges from a growing concern to face the problem owing to food loss (FL), with the purpose to evaluate processes in agro-industrial product elaboration, focusing on the determination of food loss critical points (FLCP) to promote their further reduction. The research was carried out in a Costa Rican MSME (micro, small and medium-sized enterprise), dedicated to the processing of tropical fruits. The FL assessment proposed methodology enabled the establishment of a food loss valorization team (FLVT) for a multidisciplinary approach throughout the study, as well as a flowchart construction for the selected process (soursop pulping) and the identification and quantification of losses. The assessment of the food loss points (FLP) was performed using a matrix and a criticality index based on severity and probability of occurrence; which led to the identification of the critical points. As a result, four FLCP were detected; regarding the raw materials input, the pulping operation and the transference of processed pulps into containers. The case study shows that the applied methodology allows to determine FLCP in an MSME such as the studied, as a first action to identify and reduce food loss, improve efficiency and consider further waste management strategies.