The selective separation of precious metals from complex aqueous solutions is important in protecting the environment, aquatic ecosystems, water resources and recycling resources. In this study, cysteine-containing polymeric nanoparticles were synthesized using the molecular imprinting (MIP) technique with the mini-emulsion polymerization method. The basis of the polymer design is inspired by affinity of silver to cysteine in biological systems. The synthesized silver ion imprinted (Ag+-IIP) poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate-N -methacryloyl-L-cysteine) poly(HEMA-MAC) nanoparticles were characterized by elemental analysis, zeta sizer, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of pH, ionic strength and interaction time on adsorption of Ag+ ions were investigated. In experimental studies, the highest adsorption amount (196.9 mg g1 nanoparticle) was reached in a short period of 40 min at pH 5.0 and 150 mg L-1 concentration. Selectivity studies of synthesized Ag+-IIP nanoparticles against silver (Ag+) ions were carried out in the presence of lithium (Li+), barium (Ba2+), mercury (Hg2+) and cadmium (Cd2+) ions. Experimental results indicate that nanoparticles adsorb Ag+ ions with high selectivity. Ag+-IIP nanoparticles have 3.7, 3.1, 2.4, and 2.6 times more selective or higher affinity for Ag+ ions compared to Li+, Ba2+, Hg2+ and Cd2+ ions, respectively, compared to Ag+-non-imprinted (NIP) nanoparticles. environment ecosystems study cysteinecontaining containing MIP (MIP miniemulsion mini emulsion method systems Ag+IIP AgIIP IIP Ag (Ag+-IIP polyhydroxyethylmethacrylateN poly hydroxyethylmethacrylate N methacryloylLcysteine methacryloyl L -methacryloyl-L-cysteine polyHEMAMAC HEMA MAC poly(HEMA-MAC analysis sizer FTIR (FTIR spectroscopy AFM, AFM , (AFM) SEM. SEM . (SEM) investigated 196.9 1969 196 9 (196. g nanoparticle 4 50 5 0 5. 15 L1 1 L- concentration (Ag+ Li Li+ (Li+) Ba2 Ba Ba2+ (Ba2+) Hg2 Hg (Hg2+ Cd2 Cd (Cd2+ selectivity 37 3 7 3.7 31 3.1 24 2 2.4 26 6 2. respectively Ag+nonimprinted Agnonimprinted non NIP (NIP (AFM (SEM 196. 19 (196 (Ag (Li+ (Ba2+ (Hg2 (Cd2 3. nonimprinted (19 (Li (Ba2 (Hg (Cd (1 (Ba (

Resumen Este documento estudia la evolución de la estructura de la economía colombiana empleando herramientas de la teoría de redes. Para lograr el objetivo se construyeron las matrices insumo-producto (MIP) actividad-actividad para 61 ramas en los años 2005 a 2021 y se emplean el diámetro y la densidad para caracterizar las redes. Adicionalmente, se usan algoritmos de detección de comunidades para identificar las ramas de actividad económica que tienen una interconexión más fuerte cada año. Finalmente, se emplea, por primera vez en la literatura de análisis de redes, una metodología de análisis de estabilidad de clústeres para detectar cambios de un año a otro en la composición de las comunidades. Se encuentran siete comunidades y la existencia de cambios en la red que se reflejan en la MIP durante el periodo 20052021; sin embargo, no son sustanciales como para evidenciar fuertes cambios estructurales, al menos desde un punto de vista de comunidades.

Abstract This paper studies the evolution of the structure of the Colombian economy using network theory tools. To achieve this objective, activity-activity input-output (I-O) matrices for 61 sectors were constructed for the years 2005 to 2021, and diameter and density were used to characterize the networks. Additionally, community detection algorithms were used to identify the economic activity sectors that have a stronger interconnection each year. Finally, for the first time in the network analysis literature, a cluster stability analysis methodology was used to detect changes in community composition from one year to another. Seven communities were identified, and changes in the network were found to be reflected in the I-O matrix during the period 2005-2021; however, these were not substantial enough to evidence strong structural changes, at least from a community perspective.

RESUMO Os Medicamentos Isentos de Prescrição (MIP) ou de venda livre podem ser fornecidos sem exigência de receita. Este estudo objetivou analisar o perfil farmacológico, risco e qualidade da evidência dos MIP registrados no Brasil. Foram consultadas as bases de dados da Anvisa e a base de síntese Micromedex. As indicações de uso foram classificadas segundo Ciap, os medicamentos segundo ATC e a qualidade da evidência segundo método Grade. Foram identificados 188 MIP, com 376 apresentações. Os grupos de trato alimentar e respiratório tiveram os maiores números de fármacos, com 19% cada. No geral, 61% dos fármacos foram classificados como evidência alta ou moderada e 39% como baixa, muito baixa ou sem evidência. Apesar da prevalência de maior qualidade de evidência, as restrições precisam ser evidenciadas, pois cerca de 55% dos fármacos possuem força de recomendação fraca, 67% não podem ser utilizados por crianças menores de 6 anos, 95% não possuem informações confiáveis de segurança na gestação e 87% não possuem informações de uso na lactação. Mais pesquisas sobre o tema, políticas de autocuidado apoiado e monitoramento parecem essenciais para melhor compreender os riscos e benefícios associados aos MIP, garantindo uma prática clínica mais segura e baseada em evidências.

ABSTRACT Over-the-counter medications (OTC), also known as non-prescription drugs can be dispensed without a prescription. This study aimed to analyze the pharmacological profile, risk, and quality of evidence of OTC medications registered in Brazil. The databases of ANVISA and Micromedex synthesis were consulted. The indications for use were classified according to CIAP, the medications according to ATC, and the quality of evidence according to the GRADE method. A total of 188 OTC medications were identified, comprising 376 presentations. The groups related to the digestive tract and respiratory system had the highest number of drugs, each accounting for 19%. Overall, 61% of the drugs were classified as having high or moderate evidence, and 39% as low, very low, or lacking evidence. Despite the prevalence of higher-quality evidence, restrictions need to be highlighted, as approximately 55% of the drugs have a weak recommendation, 67% may not be used by children under the age of 6, 95% lack reliable safety information during pregnancy, and 87% lack clear information regarding use during lactation. Further research on the topic, supported self-care policies, and monitoring seem essential to better understand the risks and benefits associated with OTC medications, thus ensuring a safer and evidence-based clinical practice.

RESUMO Os Medicamentos Isentos de Prescrição (MIP) ou de venda livre podem ser fornecidos sem exigência de receita. Este estudo objetivou analisar o perfil farmacológico, risco e qualidade da evidência dos MIP registrados no Brasil. Foram consultadas as bases de dados da Anvisa e a base de síntese Micromedex. As indicações de uso foram classificadas segundo Ciap, os medicamentos segundo ATC e a qualidade da evidência segundo método Grade. Foram identificados 188 MIP, com 376 apresentações. Os grupos de trato alimentar e respiratório tiveram os maiores números de fármacos, com 19% cada. No geral, 61% dos fármacos foram classificados como evidência alta ou moderada e 39% como baixa, muito baixa ou sem evidência. Apesar da prevalência de maior qualidade de evidência, as restrições precisam ser evidenciadas, pois cerca de 55% dos fármacos possuem força de recomendação fraca, 67% não podem ser utilizados por crianças menores de 6 anos, 95% não possuem informações confiáveis de segurança na gestação e 87% não possuem informações de uso na lactação. Mais pesquisas sobre o tema, políticas de autocuidado apoiado e monitoramento parecem essenciais para melhor compreender os riscos e benefícios associados aos MIP, garantindo uma prática clínica mais segura e baseada em evidências. (MIP receita farmacológico Brasil Micromedex Ciap Grade 18 37 apresentações 19 cada geral 61 39 evidenciadas 55 fraca 67 anos 95 87 lactação tema evidências 1 3 5 9 8

ABSTRACT Over-the-counter medications (OTC), also known as non-prescription drugs can be dispensed without a prescription. This study aimed to analyze the pharmacological profile, risk, and quality of evidence of OTC medications registered in Brazil. The databases of ANVISA and Micromedex synthesis were consulted. The indications for use were classified according to CIAP, the medications according to ATC, and the quality of evidence according to the GRADE method. A total of 188 OTC medications were identified, comprising 376 presentations. The groups related to the digestive tract and respiratory system had the highest number of drugs, each accounting for 19%. Overall, 61% of the drugs were classified as having high or moderate evidence, and 39% as low, very low, or lacking evidence. Despite the prevalence of higher-quality evidence, restrictions need to be highlighted, as approximately 55% of the drugs have a weak recommendation, 67% may not be used by children under the age of 6, 95% lack reliable safety information during pregnancy, and 87% lack clear information regarding use during lactation. Further research on the topic, supported self-care policies, and monitoring seem essential to better understand the risks and benefits associated with OTC medications, thus ensuring a safer and evidence-based clinical practice. Overthecounter Over counter OTC, , (OTC) nonprescription non prescription profile risk Brazil consulted CIAP ATC method 18 identified 37 presentations 19 19% Overall 61 39 low higherquality higher highlighted 55 recommendation 67 6 95 pregnancy 87 lactation topic selfcare self care policies evidencebased based practice (OTC 1 3 5 9 8

Abstract Introduction: Early menarche is associated with general health, such as the increased risk of cancer, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, asthma, and lower lung function in adult women. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between respiratory muscle strength and early menarche. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the means of maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP/MEP) considering the age of the menarche of middle-aged and older women residents of Temuco - Chile. Materials and methods: Women aged 41-80 years, residents of Temuco, were included in the sample. They were divided into two groups in relation to their menarche age (< 13 years old; ≥ 13 years old), and they were evaluated in relation to MIP/MEP using a manometer. We conducted the independent samples t-test to compare MIP/MEP means between the menarche groups. Results: This was a cross-sectional study, with 41 women (mean age = 53.7; SD = 9.06). Eighteen women were considered in the group of with early menarche (mean MIP = 90.05 cmH2O, MEP = 119.2 cmH2O, and 23 women were categorized with menarche age ≥ 13 years old (mean MIP = 95.17 cmH2O, MEP = 122.4 cmH20). Conclusion: The early menarche group presented maximal respiratory pressures lower than the group considered with non-early menarche among middle-aged and older women residents of Temuco - Chile.

Resumen Introducción: La menarquia temprana se asocia con la salud general, como el aumento del riesgo de cáncer, obesidad, enfermedad cardiovascular y función pulmonar más baja. Sin embargo, pocos estudios han investigado la relación entre la fuerza de los músculos respiratorios y la menarquia temprana. Objetivo: Comparar las medias de las presiones máximas inspiratoria y espiratoria (PIM/PEM), considerando la edad de la menarquia de mujeres de mediana edad y mayores residentes en la comunidad de Temuco - Chile. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron en la muestra mujeres de 41-80 años, residentes de Temuco. Se dividieron en dos grupos en relación a la edad de la menarquia (< 13 años; ≥ 13 años), y se evaluaron en relación con la PIM/MEP mediante un manómetro. Resultados: Estudio transversal con 41 mujeres (edad media = 53,7). 18 mujeres fueron consideradas con menarquia temprana (valor medio de PIM = 90,05 cmH2O, PEM = 119,2 cmH2O) y 23 mujeres fueron con edad de menarquia ≥ 13 años (PIM media de 95,17 cmH2O, MEP de 122,4 cmH2). Conclusiones: El grupo con menarquia precoz presentó presiones respiratorias máximas inferiores al grupo considerado con menarquia no precoz entre mujeres de mediana edad y mayores residentes en la comunidad de Temuco - Chile.

ABSTRACT: Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) is distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of America, and is an important pest of Fabaceae, such as: soybean, peanut, common bean, cowpea, pea, chickpea and kudzu. In soybean, the velvet bean caterpillar is important due to the plant defoliation in their larval stage. This study evaluated soybean cultivars as source of resistance to A. gemmatalis by antixenosis (attractiveness and non-preference for feeding) and antibiosis (biological parameters of the insect). The parameters evaluated were: antixenosis: attractiveness and non-preference, dry mass consumed and attractiveness index and antibiosis: duration of larval and pupal stages, adult longevity, total cycle, larval and pupal weights and larval, pupal and total viability. Considering antixenosis and antibiosis the least suitable cultivars for A. gemmatalis were found to be BRS 8383 IPRO, BRS 1074 IPRO, BRS 1061 IPRO, BRS 7180 IPRO, BRS 9383 IPRO, BRS 8980 IPRO and BRS 1003 IPRO due to high mortality in the larval phase. The cultivars BRS 523 and BRS 543 RR “block technology” suggest displays antixenosis and or antibiosis to A. gemmatalis. These cultivars can be used by soybean producers in combination with other control tactics in soybean IPM.

RESUMO: Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) está distribuída nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais da América, trata-se de importante praga de Fabaceae, como: soja, amendoim, feijão, feijão-caupi, ervilha, grão de bico e kudzu. Na soja, a lagarta-da-soja é importante devido à desfolha da planta em sua fase larval. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar cultivares de soja como fonte de resistência a A. gemmatalis por antixenose (atratividade e não-preferência para alimentação) e antibiose (parâmetros biológicos do inseto). Os parâmetros avaliados foram: antixenose: atratividade e não-preferência, massa seca consumida e índice de atratividade e antibiose: duração dos estágios larval e pupal, longevidade de adultos, ciclo total, peso larval e pupal e viabilidade larval, pupal e total. Na antixenose e antibiose os cultivares menos favoráveis a A. gemmatalis foram: BRS 8383 IPRO, BRS 1074 IPRO, BRS 1061 IPRO, BRS 7180 IPRO, BRS 9383 IPRO, BRS 8980 IPRO e BRS 1003 IPRO devido à alta mortalidade larval. Os cultivares BRS 523 e BRS 543 RR “Tecnologia block” apresentaram antixenose e/ou antibiose a A. gemmatalis. Essas cultivares podem serem utilizadas por produtores de soja em combinação com outras táticas de controle no MIP.

Abstract Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) not only restricts airflow but also induces sys-temic manifestations in individuals with the disease. Objective To evaluate the effect of a water-based aero-bic exercise program on respiratory muscle strength, thoracic mobility, dyspnea, and functional capacity in patients with COPD. Methods We conducted a blind randomized controlled trial with 22 patients with COPD, dividing them into a control group (CG) and a training group (TG). The TG participated in 24 sessions of a water aerobic exercise program, while the CG only partici-pated in the evaluations. Maximal respiratory pressure (MRP), dyspnea, and functional capacity were measured. Results When comparing the MRP values (cmH2O) in the pre- and post-training conditions, the results revealed a significant improvement in the TG [maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP): 74.8 ± 15.3 vs. 83.9 ± 17.2; maximal expi-ratory pressure (MEP): 141.5 ± 30.7 vs. 157.6 ± 32.9], whereas no difference was observed for the CG (MIP: 55.5 ± 21.8 vs. 54.4 ± 18.4; MEP: 116.2 ± 40.3 vs. 109.3 ± 38.9). Regarding thoracic mobility in the pre- and post-training conditions, no significant difference was found for the CG, whilst for the TG there was a significant in-crease at the axillary level (cm) (5.9 ± 1.8 vs. 7.7 ± 1.1). With respect to functional capacity, there was a signifi-cant increase in walking distance during the six-minute walking test only in the TG when comparing pre- and post-training conditions (462.1 ± 62.9 vs. 538.5 ± 63.7). Lastly, the dyspnea results demonstrated that after the training period there was a major reduction in the scores of Medical Research Council (3.1 ± 0.8 vs. 1.9 ± 0.7) and Borg CR-10 scales (5.2 ± 0.8 vs. 3.7 ± 0.3) only for the TG. Conclusion The water aerobic exercise training promoted beneficial changes in respiratory mus-cle strength, thoracic mobility, functional capacity and dyspnea among patients with COPD. COPD (COPD systemic sys temic waterbased based aero bic strength 2 (CG . (TG) partici pated evaluations MRP, , (MRP) measured cmH2O cmHO cmH O (cmH2O pre posttraining post MIP (MIP) 748 74 8 74. 153 15 3 15. vs 839 83 9 83. 17.2 172 17 expiratory expi ratory MEP (MEP) 1415 141 5 141. 307 30 7 30. 1576 157 6 157. 32.9, 329 32.9 32 32.9] (MIP 555 55 55. 218 21 21. 544 54 4 54. 18.4 184 18 1162 116 116. 403 40 40. 1093 109 109. 38.9. 389 38.9 38 38.9) crease cm (cm 5.9 59 (5. 1 1. 77 7. 1.1. 11 1.1 1.1) signifi cant sixminute six minute 462.1 4621 462 (462. 629 62 62. 5385 538 538. 63.7. 637 63.7 63 63.7) Lastly 3.1 31 (3. 08 0 0. 19 0.7 07 CR10 CR 10 CR-1 5.2 52 37 3. 0.3 03 mus cle (TG (MRP 17. (MEP 14 32. 18. 38. 5. (5 462. 46 (462 53 63. (3 CR1 CR- ( (46 (4

Resumo Introdução A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) não apenas restringe o fluxo aéreo, mas também induz mani-festações sistêmicas em indivíduos com a doença. Objetivo Avaliar o efeito de um programa de exercícios aeróbicos aquáticos na força muscular respiratória (FMR), mobilidade torácica, dispneia e capacidade funcional em pacientes com DPOC. Métodos Realizou-se um ensaio clínico randomizado cego com 22 pacientes com DPOC, divi-dindo-os em grupo controle (GC) e grupo treinamento (GT). O GT participou de 24 sessões de um programa de exercícios aeróbicos aquáticos, enquanto o GC participou somente das avaliações. Foram me-didas a pressão respiratória máxima, (PRM) dispneia e capa-cidade funcional. Resultados Ao comparar os valores da PRM (cmH2O) nas condições pré e pós-treinamento, os resultados revelaram melhora significativa no GT [pressão inspiratória má-xima (PImáx): 74,8 ± 15,3 vs. 83,9 ± 17,2; pressão expiratória máxima (PEmáx): 141,5 ± 30,7 vs. 157,6 ± 32,9], enquanto não observou-se diferença para o GC (PImáx: 55,5 ± 21,8; vs. 54,4 ± 18,4; PEmáx: 116,2 ± 40,3 vs. 109,3 ± 38,9). Em relação à mobilidade torácica nas condições pré e pós-treinamento, não foi encontrada diferença significativa para o GC, enquanto para o GT houve um aumento significante no nível axilar (cm) (5,9 ± 1,8 vs. 7,7 ± 1,1). Com relação à capacidade funcional, houve aumento significativo da distância percorrida durante o teste de caminhada de 6 minutos apenas no GT quando comparadas as condições pré e pós-treinamento (462,1 ± 62,9 vs. 538,5 ± 63,7). Por fim, os resultados da dispneia demonstraram que após o período de treinamento houve uma redução importante nas pontuações do Medical Research Council (3,1 ± 0,8 vs. 1,9 ± 0,7) e nas escalas Borg CR-10 (5,2 ± 0,8 vs. 3,7 ± 0,3) apenas para o GT. Conclusão O trei-namento físico aquático promoveu alterações benéficas na força muscular respiratória, mobilidade torácica, capacidade funcional e dispneia em pacientes com DPOC. DPOC (DPOC aéreo manifestações mani festações FMR, FMR , (FMR) Realizouse Realizou se 2 dividindoos divi dindo (GC . (GT) avaliações medidas me didas (PRM capa cidade cmH2O cmHO cmH (cmH2O póstreinamento, póstreinamento pós treinamento, má xima PImáx (PImáx) 748 74 8 74, 153 15 3 15, vs 839 83 9 83, 17,2 172 17 PEmáx (PEmáx) 1415 141 5 141, 307 30 7 30, 1576 157 157, 32,9, 329 32,9 32 32,9] observouse observou (PImáx 555 55 55, 21,8 218 21 544 54 4 54, 18,4 184 18 1162 116 116, 403 40 40, 1093 109 109, 38,9. 389 38,9 38 38,9) cm (cm 5,9 59 (5, 1 1, 77 7, 1,1. 11 1,1 1,1) 462,1 4621 462 (462, 629 62 62, 5385 538 538, 63,7. 637 63,7 63 63,7) fim 3,1 31 (3, 08 0 0, 19 0,7 07 CR10 CR 10 CR-1 5,2 52 37 3, 0,3 03 trei namento (FMR (GT 17, (PEmáx 14 32, 21, 18, 38, 5, (5 462, 46 (462 53 63, (3 CR1 CR- ( (46 (4

Resumo O presente estudo foi realizado para avaliar o efeito de duas pulverizações de sete pesticidas na dose recomendada sobre o ácaro marrom dos citros, Eutetranychus orientalis, e os efeitos colaterais sobre seus ácaros predadores, Euseius scutalis, Amblyseius swirskii, Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) em campo, nas condições das temporadas de 2022 e 2023. Os resultados obtidos mostram que todos os pesticidas testados alcançaram alta redução (%) de E. orientalis, a qual variou entre (82,1-90,0%) e (81,6-87,1%) após a primeira e a segunda pulverizações da temporada de 2022. A redução variou entre (84,9-88,7%) e (79,7-88,7%) após a primeira e a segunda pulverizações da temporada 2023. A abamectina registrou a maior redução (%) contra o ácaro marrom dos citros, enquanto o pesticida Congest registrou a menor redução (%) após as duas pulverizações ao longo das temporadas de 2022 e 2023. Quanto aos efeitos colaterais dos pesticidas testados em ácaros predadores associados, todos os pesticidas foram seguros para números de E. scutalis, registrando diminuição (%) entre (18,4-28,6%) e (16,2-26,1%) após a primeira e a segunda pulverizações na temporada de 2022, a qual variou entre (15,3-29,1%) e (19,6-32,0%) após a primeira e a segunda pulverizações da safra 2023. Pelo contrário, o imidaclopride não foi seguro para os números de E. scutalis, registando a maior diminuição média (%) após a primeira e a segunda pulverizações durante as duas estações. Além disso, todos os pesticidas testados foram seguros para números de A. swirskii, após a primeira e a segunda pulverizações das duas temporadas, registrando diminuição (de 10,9 para 28,1%) e (de 24,4 para 31,4%) para a temporada de 2022, e (19-38,9%) e (18,7-39,4%), na temporada de 2023. Pelo contrário, o imidaclopride não era seguro para A. swirskii e os números registraram a maior diminuição (%) após a primeira e a segunda pulverizações durante as duas estações. Quanto aos números de P. Persimilis, todos os pesticidas testados foram seguros, em que se registrou baixa porcentagem de redução, variando entre (17-33,8%) e (20,4-34,8%) após a primeira e a segunda pulverizações da temporada de 2022, e (24,3-39%) & (20,2-28,9%) após a primeira e a segunda pulverizações da temporada de 2023. Por outro lado, o imidaclopride não foi seguro para os números de P. persimilis, registando a maior diminuição (%) após a primeira e a segunda pulverizações durante as duas épocas. O presente estudo provou que todos os pesticidas testados foram altamente eficazes contra E. orientalis e parecem ser seguros e seletivos para os ácaros predadores associados, exceto o imidaclopride, que foi muito prejudicial para todos os ácaros predadores testados. Pôde-se concluir que os pesticidas testados, Fenpiroximato, Hexitiazox, Congest, Espirodiclofeno, Abamectina e Clorfenapir, poderiam ser usados nos programas de Manejo Integrado de Pragas (MIP) para E. orientalis em pomares cítricos. citros scutalis Acari (Acari Phytoseiidae campo 202 2023 % (% E 82,190,0% 821900 82,1 90,0% 82 1 90 0 (82,1-90,0% 81,687,1% 816871 81,6 87,1% 81 6 87 (81,6-87,1% 84,988,7% 849887 84,9 88,7% 84 9 88 7 (84,9-88,7% 79,788,7% 797887 79,7 79 (79,7-88,7% associados 18,428,6% 184286 18,4 28,6% 18 4 28 (18,4-28,6% 16,226,1% 162261 16,2 26,1% 16 2 26 (16,2-26,1% 15,329,1% 153291 15,3 29,1% 15 3 29 (15,3-29,1% 19,632,0% 196320 19,6 32,0% 19 32 (19,6-32,0% contrário estações disso 109 10 10, 28,1% 281 244 24 24, 31,4% 314 31 1938,9% 19389 38,9% 38 (19-38,9% 18,739,4%, 187394 18,7 39,4% , 39 (18,7-39,4%) P Persimilis 1733,8% 17338 17 33,8% 33 8 (17-33,8% 20,434,8% 204348 20,4 34,8% 20 34 (20,4-34,8% 24,339% 24339 24,3 39% (24,3-39% 20,228,9% 202289 20,2 28,9% (20,2-28,9% lado épocas Pôdese Pôde Fenpiroximato Hexitiazox Espirodiclofeno Clorfenapir MIP (MIP cítricos ( 190 82,190,0 82190 821 82, 900 90,0 (82,1-90,0 687 81,687,1 81687 816 81, 871 87,1 (81,6-87,1 988 84,988,7 84988 849 84, 887 88,7 (84,9-88,7 788 79,788,7 79788 797 79, (79,7-88,7 428 18,428,6 18428 184 18, 286 28,6 (18,4-28,6 226 16,226,1 16226 162 16, 261 26,1 (16,2-26,1 329 15,329,1 15329 153 15, 291 29,1 (15,3-29,1 632 19,632,0 19632 196 19, 320 32,0 (19,6-32,0 28,1 31,4 1938 1938,9 389 38,9 (19-38,9 739 18,739,4% 18739 187 394 39,4 (18,7-39,4% 1733 1733,8 338 33,8 (17-33,8 434 20,434,8 20434 204 20, 348 34,8 (20,4-34,8 339 24,339 2433 243 (24,3-39 228 20,228,9 20228 289 28,9 (20,2-28,9 82,190, 8219 90, (82,1-90, 68 81,687, 8168 87, (81,6-87, 98 84,988, 8498 88, (84,9-88, 78 79,788, 7978 (79,7-88, 42 18,428, 1842 28, (18,4-28, 22 16,226, 1622 26, (16,2-26, 15,329, 1532 29, (15,3-29, 63 19,632, 1963 32, (19,6-32, 31, 193 1938, 38, (19-38, 73 18,739,4 1873 39, (18,7-39,4 173 1733, 33, (17-33, 43 20,434, 2043 34, (20,4-34, 24,33 (24,3-3 20,228, (20,2-28, 82,190 (82,1-90 81,687 (81,6-87 84,988 (84,9-88 79,788 (79,7-88 18,428 (18,4-28 16,226 (16,2-26 15,329 (15,3-29 19,632 (19,6-32 (19-38 18,739, (18,7-39, (17-33 20,434 (20,4-34 (24,3- 20,228 (20,2-28 82,19 (82,1-9 81,68 (81,6-8 84,98 (84,9-8 79,78 (79,7-8 18,42 (18,4-2 16,22 (16,2-2 15,32 (15,3-2 19,63 (19,6-3 (19-3 18,739 (18,7-39 (17-3 20,43 (20,4-3 (24,3 20,22 (20,2-2 (82,1- (81,6- (84,9- (79,7- (18,4- (16,2- (15,3- (19,6- (19- 18,73 (18,7-3 (17- (20,4- (24, (20,2- (82,1 (81,6 (84,9 (79,7 (18,4 (16,2 (15,3 (19,6 (19 (18,7- (17 (20,4 (24 (20,2 (82, (81, (84, (79, (18, (16, (15, (19, (1 (18,7 (20, (2 (82 (81 (84 (79 (18 (16 (15 (20 (8 (7

Abstract The present study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of two sprays of seven pesticides at recommended dose on citrus brown mite, Eutetranychus orientalis and the side effects on their predatory mites, Euseius scutalis, Amblyseius swirskii, Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) under field conditions at 2022 & 2023 seasons. The obtained results show that, all tested pesticides achieved high reduction % of E. orientalis ranged between (82.1-90.0%) and (81.6-87.1%) after the 1st and 2nd sprays of 2022 season, where it ranged between (84.9- 88.7%) and ( 79.7- 88.7%) after 1st and 2nd sprays of 2023 season. Abamectin recorded the highest reduction % against the citrus brown mite, whereas Congest pesticide recorded the lowest reduction % after the two sprays along 2022 & 2023 seasons. As for the side effects of tested pesticides on associated predatory mites, all pesticides were safely for E. scutalis numbers recording decrease % between (18.4-28.6%) and (16.2 -26.1%) after the 1st and 2nd spray at 2022 season , where it ranged between (15.3- 29.1%) and (19.6-32.0%) after the 1st and 2nd sprays of 2023 season. On contrary, imidacloprid was unsafely for E. scutalis numbers recording the highest mean decrease % after 1st and 2nd sprays during the two seasons. Also, all tested pesticides were safely for A. swirskii numbers, after the 1st and 2nd sprays of the two seasons recording decrease (from 10.9 to 28.1%) & (24.4 to 31.4%) for the 2022 season, and (19-38.9%) & (18.7-39.4%) at 2023 season. On contrary, imidacloprid was unsafely for A. swirskii numbers recorded the highest decrease % after 1st and 2nd sprays during the two seasons. As for, Ph. Persimilis numbers, all tested pesticides were safely, where it recorded low decrease % ranged between (17-33.8%) & (20.4-34.8%) after the 1st and 2nd sprays of 2022 season, and (24.3-39%) & (20.2-28.9%) after the 1st and 2nd sprays of 2023 season. On the other side, imidacloprid was unsafely for Ph. persimilis numbers recording the highest decrease % after the 1st and 2nd sprays during the two seasons. The present study proved that all tested pesticides were high effective against E. orientalis and appeared to be safely and selective for associated predatory mites except imidacloprid which was very harmful for all tested predatory mites, and it could be concluded that the tested pesticides, Fenpyroximate, Hexythiazox , Congest , Spirodiclofen, Abamectin, and Chlorfenapyr could be used in the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs for E. orientalis at citrus orchards. mite Acari (Acari Phytoseiidae 202 E 82.190.0% 821900 82.1 90.0% 82 1 90 0 (82.1-90.0% 81.687.1% 816871 81.6 87.1% 81 6 87 (81.6-87.1% st nd 84.9 849 84 9 (84.9 88.7% 887 88 7 79.7 797 79 18.428.6% 184286 18.4 28.6% 18 4 28 (18.4-28.6% 16.2 162 16 2 (16. 26.1% 261 26 -26.1% 15.3 153 15 3 (15.3 29.1% 291 29 19.632.0% 196320 19.6 32.0% 19 32 (19.6-32.0% contrary Also A from 109 10 10. 28.1% 281 24.4 244 24 (24. 31.4% 314 31 1938.9% 19389 38.9% 38 (19-38.9% 18.739.4% 187394 18.7 39.4% 39 (18.7-39.4% Ph 1733.8% 17338 17 33.8% 33 8 (17-33.8% 20.434.8% 204348 20.4 34.8% 20 34 (20.4-34.8% 24.339% 24339 24.3 39% (24.3-39% 20.228.9% 202289 20.2 28.9% (20.2-28.9% Fenpyroximate Spirodiclofen IPM (IPM orchards 190 82.190.0 82190 821 82. 900 90.0 (82.1-90.0 687 81.687.1 81687 816 81. 871 87.1 (81.6-87.1 84. (84. 88.7 79. 428 18.428.6 18428 184 18. 286 28.6 (18.4-28.6 16. (16 26.1 -26.1 15. (15. 29.1 632 19.632.0 19632 196 19. 320 32.0 (19.6-32.0 28.1 24. (24 31.4 1938 1938.9 389 38.9 (19-38.9 739 18.739.4 18739 187 394 39.4 (18.7-39.4 1733 1733.8 338 33.8 (17-33.8 434 20.434.8 20434 204 20. 348 34.8 (20.4-34.8 339 24.339 2433 243 (24.3-39 228 20.228.9 20228 289 28.9 (20.2-28.9 82.190. 8219 90. (82.1-90. 68 81.687. 8168 87. (81.6-87. (84 88. 42 18.428. 1842 28. (18.4-28. (1 26. -26. (15 29. 63 19.632. 1963 32. (19.6-32. (2 31. 193 1938. 38. (19-38. 73 18.739. 1873 39. (18.7-39. 173 1733. 33. (17-33. 43 20.434. 2043 34. (20.4-34. 24.33 (24.3-3 22 20.228. (20.2-28. 82.190 (82.1-90 81.687 (81.6-87 (8 18.428 (18.4-28 -26 19.632 (19.6-32 (19-38 18.739 (18.7-39 (17-33 20.434 (20.4-34 (24.3- 20.228 (20.2-28 82.19 (82.1-9 81.68 (81.6-8 18.42 (18.4-2 -2 19.63 (19.6-3 (19-3 18.73 (18.7-3 (17-3 20.43 (20.4-3 (24.3 20.22 (20.2-2 (82.1- (81.6- (18.4- - (19.6- (19- (18.7- (17- (20.4- (20.2- (82.1 (81.6 (18.4 (19.6 (19 (18.7 (17 (20.4 (20.2 (82. (81. (18. (19. (20. (82 (81 (18 (20

Abstract Objective To assess a panel of cytokines and placental insufficiency with the risk of preterm delivery (PTD). Methods Nested case-control study into the BRISA birth cohort. Eighty-two mother-infant-placenta pairs were selected at 20+0 to 25+6 weeks. Circulating biomarker levels were performed using Luminex flowmetric xMAP technology. Cytokines classified as Th1, Th2 or Th17 and other biomarkers were selected. The ratio between birth weight and placental weight (BW/PW) was used as a proxy for placental efficiency. Spearman correlation, univariate analyses and logistic regression models were calculated. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated using the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve. Results Mean gestational age was 250 days, 14,6% were small for gestational age, 4,8% large for gestational age and 13,4% stunted. Placental efficiency was higher for term newborns (p<0,001), and 18/22 (81%) preterm biomarker values were higher than the control group. Th1 cytokines were highly correlated, while the weakest correlation was observed in other biomarkers. Less education was associated with a higher risk of PTD (p = 0.046), while there was no appreciable difference in the risk of PTD for placental insufficiency. Biomarkers showed negligible adjusted OR of PTD (0.90 to 1.02). IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, TNFβ, IL-4, IL-13, GCSF, MIP1A, VEGF, EGF, and FGF2 presented a higher sensitivity ranging from 75.56% to 91.11%. Conclusion IL-8, IL-12p40, IL-4, IL-13, GCSF, MIP1B, and GMSF in asymptomatic pregnant women were associated with PTD. This finding suggests an activation of maternal inflammatory response. . (PTD) casecontrol case cohort Eightytwo Eighty two motherinfantplacenta mother infant placenta 200 20 0 20+ 256 25 6 25+ weeks technology Th BW/PW BWPW BW PW (BW/PW Sensitivity specificity curve days 146 14 14,6 48 4 8 4,8 134 13 13,4 stunted p<0,001, p0001 p p<0,001 , 001 (p<0,001) 1822 18 22 18/2 81% 81 (81% group correlated 0.046, 0046 0.046 046 0.046) 0.90 090 90 (0.9 1.02. 102 1.02 1 02 1.02) IL6, IL6 IL 6, IL-6 IL8, IL8 8, IL-8 IL1β, IL1β ILβ 1β, 1β β IL-1β TNFβ IL4, IL4 4, IL-4 IL13, IL13 13, IL-13 GCSF MIP1A MIPA MIP A VEGF EGF FGF 7556 75 56 75.56 9111 91 11 91.11% IL12p40, IL12p40 ILp 12p40, 12p40 IL-12p40 MIP1B MIPB B response (PTD 2 14, p000 p<0,00 00 (p<0,001 182 18/ (81 004 0.04 04 0.9 09 9 (0. 10 1.0 IL- IL1 IL-1 755 7 5 75.5 911 91.11 IL12p4 12p4 IL-12p4 p00 p<0,0 (p<0,00 (8 0.0 0. (0 1. 75. 91.1 IL12p 12p IL-12p p0 p<0, (p<0,0 ( 91. p<0 (p<0, p< (p<0 (p<

Resumo A lagarta-do-cartucho (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), uma praga invasora e polífaga que afeta muitas culturas importantes ao redor do mundo, foi estudada para avaliar de que modo diferentes híbridos de milho impactam seus parâmetros biológicos em condições de laboratório. O milho é uma das culturas de cereais mais amplamente distribuídas e desempenha um papel importante na segurança alimentar no Egito. Vários métodos de Manejo Integrado de Pragas (MIP) devem, portanto, ser usados para controlar essas pragas que ocorrem esporadicamente. O controle cultural, químico, biológico e integrado de pragas é comumente usado para infestações de S. frugiperda. Portanto, este artigo tem como objetivo explorar como S. frugiperda se comporta em cinco híbridos ne milho, nomeadamente Hi-tech 2031, Wataniya 6, Giza 10, Giza 128 e Giza 168. A duração larval diferiu significativamente quando as larvas foram criadas com diferentes híbridos de milho. A menor duração larval (14,08 dias) foi observada quando as larvas foram criadas com o híbrido Hi-tech 2031. O maior período de pupação (9,39 dias) ocorreu com as larvas criadas com o híbrido Giza 128. A vida útil dos adultos variou de 8,91 a 9,61 dias. Os diferentes híbridos de milho influenciaram significativamente a reprodução de S. frugiperda. O tempo antes da oviposição variou de 4,64 a 4,90 dias. Os períodos de oviposição das fêmeas variaram de 3 a 4,14 dias. O maior número médio de ovos (1352,19 ovos) foi observado quando as larvas se alimentaram do híbrido Giza 10. A proporção de machos foi menor que a proporção de fêmeas nos insetos alimentados com os híbridos Hi-tech 2031 e Giza 128, 44,81 e 43,45%, respectivamente. As larvas de S. frugiperda alimentadas com o híbrido Giza 10 apresentaram a maior porcentagem de pupação (93,33%). As larvas de S. frugiperda alimentadas com o híbrido Hi-tech 2031 registraram a maior porcentagem de emergência (96,33%). lagartadocartucho lagarta cartucho FAW, FAW , (FAW) J.E. JE J E (J.E Smith Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera Noctuidae, Noctuidae Noctuidae) mundo laboratório Egito MIP (MIP devem portanto esporadicamente cultural químico S Portanto Hitech Hi tech 6 12 168 14,08 1408 14 08 (14,0 dias 9,39 939 9 39 (9,3 891 8 91 8,9 961 61 9,6 464 4 64 4,6 490 90 4,9 414 4,1 1352,19 135219 1352 19 (1352,1 203 4481 44 81 44,8 4345 43 45 43,45% respectivamente 1 93,33%. 9333 93,33% . 93 33 (93,33%) 96,33%. 9633 96,33% 96 (96,33%) (FAW J.E 16 14,0 140 0 (14, 9,3 (9, 89 8, 9, 46 4, 49 41 1352,1 13521 135 (1352, 20 448 44, 434 43,45 933 93,33 (93,33% 963 96,33 (96,33% 14, (14 (9 1352, 13 (1352 2 43,4 93,3 (93,33 96,3 (96,33 (1 ( (135 43, 93, (93,3 96, (96,3 (13 (93, (96, (93 (96

Abstract The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an invasive and polyphagous pest affecting various vital crops globally, was studied to assess how different maize hybrids impact its biological parameters under controlled laboratory conditions. Maize, a crucial crop for food security in Egypt, requires effective Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies to manage pests like S. frugiperda. This article explores how S. frugiperda performs on five maize hybrids—Hi-Tech 2031, Wataniya 6, Giza 10, Giza 128, and Giza 168. Significant differences were observed in larval duration across the hybrids, with the shortest duration (14.08 days) on Hi-Tech 2031. Giza 128 resulted in the longest pupal period (9.39 days), and adult lifespans varied between 8.91 and 9.61 days. Reproductive parameters also diverse, with pre-oviposition periods ranging from 4.64 to 4.90 days and oviposition periods from 3 to 4.14 days. The highest average egg count (1352.19 eggs) was recorded with Giza 10. Hybrids Hi-Tech 2031 and Giza 128 had a lower male proportion (44.81% and 43.45%, respectively). Giza 10 also yielded the highest pupation rate (93.33%), while Hi-Tech 2031 showed the highest emergence rate (96.33%). FAW, FAW , (FAW) J.E. JE J E (J.E Smith Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera Noctuidae, Noctuidae Noctuidae) globally conditions Maize Egypt IPM (IPM S hybridsHiTech Hi Tech 6 168 14.08 1408 14 08 (14.0 HiTech 12 9.39 939 9 39 (9.3 days, 891 8 91 8.9 961 61 9.6 diverse preoviposition pre 464 4 64 4.6 490 90 4.9 414 4.1 1352.19 135219 1352 19 (1352.1 eggs 203 44.81% 4481 44 81 (44.81 4345 43 45 43.45% respectively. respectively . respectively) 1 93.33%, 9333 93.33% 93 33 (93.33%) 96.33%. 9633 96.33% 96 (96.33%) (FAW J.E 16 14.0 140 0 (14. 9.3 (9. 89 8. 9. 46 4. 49 41 1352.1 13521 135 (1352. 20 44.81 448 (44.8 434 43.45 933 93.33 (93.33% 963 96.33 (96.33% 14. (14 (9 1352. 13 (1352 2 44.8 (44. 43.4 93.3 (93.33 96.3 (96.33 (1 ( (135 44. (44 43. 93. (93.3 96. (96.3 (13 (4 (93. (96. (93 (96

SUMMARY AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the respiratory muscle strength of stroke patients and compare them with healthy individuals. METHOD: The study was conducted with 171 patients who had a stroke between 2017 and 2021 and 32 healthy controls. Respiratory muscle strength and inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressure (MIP and MEP) were measured using the portable MicroRPM device (Micro Medical, Basingstoke, UK). RESULTS: The stroke group exhibited significantly lower values in both MIP for men (p<0.001) and women (p=0.013) and maximal expiratory pressure for men (p<0.001) and women (p=0.042), compared with the healthy control group. Notably, there was a significant difference in the MIPmen (p=0.026) and MEPmen (p=0.026) values when comparing the reference values, which were calculated based on age and sex, with those of the healthy group. The baseline values calculated according to age for stroke patients were as follows: MIPmen 31.68%, MIPwomen 63.58%, MEPmen 22.54%, and MEPwomen 42.30%. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the significant respiratory muscle weakness experienced by stroke patients, with gender-specific differences. It highlights the importance of incorporating respiratory assessments and interventions into stroke rehabilitation protocols to improve the overall health and well-being of stroke patients. AIM individuals METHOD 17 201 202 3 controls MEP Micro Medical Basingstoke UK. UK . UK) RESULTS p<0.001 p0001 p 0 001 (p<0.001 p=0.013 p0013 013 (p=0.013 p=0.042, p0042 p=0.042 , 042 (p=0.042) Notably p=0.026 p0026 026 (p=0.026 sex follows 3168 31 68 31.68% 6358 63 58 63.58% 2254 22 54 22.54% 4230 42 30 42.30% CONCLUSION genderspecific gender specific differences wellbeing well being 1 20 p<0.00 p000 00 (p<0.00 p=0.01 p001 01 (p=0.01 p004 p=0.04 04 (p=0.042 p=0.02 p002 02 (p=0.02 316 6 31.68 635 5 63.58 225 2 22.54 423 4 42.30 p<0.0 p00 (p<0.0 p=0.0 (p=0.0 (p=0.04 31.6 63.5 22.5 42.3 p<0. p0 (p<0. p=0. (p=0. 31. 63. 22. 42. p<0 (p<0 p=0 (p=0 p< (p< p= (p= (p

ABSTRACT Introduction: The analysis of patients submitted to heart surgery at three assessment times has been insufficiently described in the literature. Objective: To analyze chest expansion, maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), distance traveled on the six-minute walk test (6MWT), and quality of life in the preoperative period, fourth postoperative day (4th PO), and 30th day after hospital discharge (30th-day HD) in individuals submitted to elective heart surgery. Methods: A descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted with 15 individuals submitted to elective heart surgery between 2016 and 2020 who did not undergo any type of physiotherapeutic intervention in Phase II of cardiac rehabilitation. The outcome variables were difference in chest expansion (axillary, nipple, and xiphoid), MIP, MEP, distance on 6MWT, and quality of life. The assessment times were preoperative period, 4th PO, and 30th-day HD. Results: Chest expansion diminished between the preoperative period and 4th PO, followed by an increase at 30th-day HD. MIP, MEP, and distance traveled on the 6MWT diminished between the preoperative period and 4th PO, with a return to preoperative values at 30th-day HD. General quality of life improved between the preoperative period and 4th PO and 30th-day HD. An improvement was found in the social domain between the preoperative period and the 30th-day HD. Conclusion: Heart surgery causes immediate physical deficit, but physical functioning can be recovered 30 days after hospital discharge, resulting in an improvement in quality of life one month after surgery. Introduction literature Objective MIP , (MIP) MEP (MEP) sixminute six minute MWT (6MWT) th PO) 30thday thday HD Methods descriptive analytical crosssectional cross sectional 1 201 202 rehabilitation axillary, axillary (axillary nipple xiphoid, xiphoid xiphoid) Results Conclusion deficit 3 (MIP (MEP (6MWT 20 2

Modelos dinâmicos de equilíbrio geral computável (EGC) são uma ferramenta de simulação e análise dos potenciais efeitos da implementação de políticas sobre o comportamento dos agentes, o fluxo de renda e o bem-estar das famílias. Esses modelos são alimentados pelos dados disponíveis em uma Matriz de Contabilidade Social (MCS), a qual traz muita informação da Matriz Insumo Produto (MIP). Este trabalho busca validar um modelo EGC - construído nos moldes de Hosoe et al. (2016) - que utiliza como fonte de dados duas MIPs: a do NEREUS e a do IBGE. A intenção é responder duas perguntas: i) quão adequada é a estrutura do modelo para representar a economia brasileira? e, ii) qual fonte de dados deve alimentar o modelo para que ele se torne mais acurado? Essa validação do modelo foi avaliada com base nas MCSs projetadas 5 anos para frente quando comparadas aos dados do IBGE para tal ponto no tempo. Os resultados sugerem que a prescrição do modelo tem bastante aderência aos dados observados e que a MIP do IBGE seria mais adequada para ser utilizada como fonte de dados. Classificação JEL. E270, O210. (EGC agentes bemestar bem estar famílias MCS, MCS , (MCS) MIP. . (MIP) al 2016 (2016 MIPs perguntas i brasileira ii acurado tempo JEL E270 E O210 O (MCS (MIP 201 (201 E27 O21 20 (20 E2 O2 2 (2 (

RESUMO Atualmente, os sistemas de cultivo agrícola adotam o manejo integrado de pragas (MIP) como modelo de sucesso para o controle de pragas. O uso de fungos entomopatogênicos tem aumentado no manejo integrado devido ao seu grande potencial em reduzir as populações de pragas agrícolas sem causar danos à saúde humana e aos ecossistemas. Beauveria bassiana e Metarhizium anisopliae são as espécies de fungos mais utilizadas no controle biológico, contando com muitos isolados comercializados no mundo. Helicoverpa armigera é uma praga de importância agrícola, causadora de prejuízos associados a diversas culturas. Assim, esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial virulento de Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae e Metarhizium rileyi no controle biológico dos estágios larvais de H. armigera. Os resultados indicaram que em diferentes concentrações (1 × 107, 1 × 108 e 1 × 109 con.mL-1) e métodos de aplicação (DA ou DF) B. bassiana (cepa ESALQ PL63), M. anisopliae (cepa ESALQ E9) e M. rileyi (cepa UFMS 03) causaram baixa mortalidade e não foram virulentos ao primeiro, terceiro e quinto ínstares de H. armigera. A mortalidade pelo tratamento com B. bassiana (cepa ESALQ PL63) foi confirmada por conidiogênese em todos os cadáveres. Dada a importância de H. armigera como praga agrícola e a biodiversidade de fungos entomopatogênicos no Brasil, novas investigações sobre a virulência de cepas fúngicas são necessárias para aprimorar o manejo integrado de pragas através do controle microbiano, o potencial para novas cepas e o entendimento das relações entre microrganismos e os mecanismos de defesa dos hospedeiros. Atualmente MIP (MIP ecossistemas mundo culturas Assim H ( 107 10 con.mL1 conmL1 conmL con.mL con mL con.mL-1 DA DF B cepa PL63, PL63 PL , M E9 E 03 primeiro cadáveres Brasil microbiano hospedeiros mL1 con.mL- PL6 0

ABSTRACT Currently, agricultural cropping systems have adopted integrated pest management (IPM) as a successful model for pest control. The use of entomopathogenic fungi in IPM has increased because of their great potential for reducing arthropod pest populations without causing harm to human health and ecosystems. Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae stand out among the most used fungi in biological control, with many isolates commercialized worldwide. Helicoverpa armigera is an agriculturally important pest in Brazil and worldwide, causing damage to several crops. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the biological control potential of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and M. rileyi on H. armigera. The results indicated that the entomopathogenic fungi B. bassiana (strain ESALQ PL63), M. anisopliae (strain ESALQ E9), and M. rileyi (strain UFMS 03), applied using different methods (direct application and dry film) and concentrations (1 × 107, 1 × 108, and 1 × 109 conidia mL-1), resulted in low mortality and no virulence in first-, third-, and fifth-instar larvae of H. armigera. The death of all individuals subjected to treatment with B. bassiana (strain ESALQ PL63) was confirmed by conidiogenesis. Considering the importance of H. armigera as an agricultural pest and the biodiversity of entomopathogenic fungi in Brazil, further investigations on the virulence of fungal strains are necessary to improve the integrated management of lepidopteran pests through microbial control, explore the potential of new strains, and understand the relationships between microorganisms and host defense mechanisms. Currently (IPM ecosystems worldwide crops context M H B strain PL63, PL63 PL , E9, E9 E E9) 03, 03 03) direct film ( 107 108 10 mL1, mL1 mL mL-1) first, first first- third, third third- fifthinstar fifth instar conidiogenesis mechanisms PL6 0 mL-1 mL-

More attention has been paid to immunotherapy for ovarian cancer and the development of tumor vaccines. We developed a trichostatin A (TSA)-modified tumor vaccine with potent immunomodulating activities that can inhibit the growth of ovarian cancer in rats and stimulate immune cell response in vivo. TSA-treated Nutu-19 cells inactivated by X-ray radiation were used as a tumor vaccine in rat ovarian cancer models. Prophylactic and therapeutic experiments were performed with TSA-modified tumor vaccine in rats. Flow cytometry and ELISpot assays were conducted to assess immune response. Immune cell expression in the spleen and thymus were detected by immunohistochemical staining. GM-CSF, IL-7, IL-17, LIF, LIX, KC, MCP-1, MIP-2, M-CSF, IP-10/CXCL10, MIG/CXCL9, RANTES, IL-4, IFN-γ, and VEGF expressions were detected with Milliplex Map Magnetic Bead Panel immunoassay. TSA vaccination in therapeutic and prophylactic models could effectively stimulate innate immunity and boost the adaptive humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to inhibit the growth and tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer. This vaccine stimulated the thymus into reactivating status and enhanced infiltrating lymphocytes in tumor-bearing rats. The expression of key immunoregulatory factors were upregulated in the vaccine group. The intensities of infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and NK cells were significantly increased in the vaccine group compared to the control group (P<0.05). This protection was mainly dependent on the IFN-γ pathway and, to a much lesser extent, by the IL-4 pathway. The tumor cells only irradiated by X-ray as the control group still showed a slight immune effect, indicating that irradiated cells may also cause certain immune antigen exposure, but the efficacy was not as significant as that of the TSA-modified tumor vaccine. Our study revealed the potential application of the TSA-modified tumor vaccine as a novel tumor vaccine against tumor refractoriness and growth. These findings offer a better understanding of the immunomodulatory effects of the vaccine against latent tumorigenesis and progression. This tumor vaccine therapy may increase antigen exposure, synergistically activate the immune system, and ultimately improve remission rates. A vaccine strategy designed to induce effective tumor immune response is being considered for cancer immunotherapy. vaccines TSAmodified modified vivo TSAtreated treated Nutu19 Nutu 19 Nutu-1 Xray X ray staining GMCSF, GMCSF GM CSF, CSF GM-CSF IL7, IL7 IL 7, 7 IL-7 IL17, IL17 17, 17 IL-17 LIF LIX KC MCP1, MCP1 MCP 1, 1 MCP-1 MIP2, MIP2 MIP 2, 2 MIP-2 MCSF, MCSF M M-CSF IP10/CXCL10, IP10CXCL10 IPCXCL IP 10/CXCL10, 10 CXCL10 CXCL IP-10/CXCL10 MIGCXCL9 MIGCXCL MIG CXCL9 MIG/CXCL9 RANTES IL4, IL4 4, 4 IFNγ, IFNγ IFN γ, γ immunoassay cellmediated mediated tumorbearing bearing CD4 CD CD8 P<0.05. P005 P P<0.05 . 0 05 (P<0.05) extent IL- effect exposure progression system rates Nutu1 Nutu- IL1 IL-1 MCP- MIP- IP10 IP10/CXCL10 IP10CXCL1 10CXCL10 10/CXCL10 CXCL1 IP-10/CXCL1 MIG/CXCL P00 P<0.0 (P<0.05 IP1 IP10/CXCL1 IP10CXCL 10CXCL1 10/CXCL1 IP-10/CXCL P0 P<0. (P<0.0 IP10/CXCL 10CXCL 10/CXCL P<0 (P<0. P< (P<0 (P< (P