SUMMARY: The role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and monocyte extracellular traps (METs) is well established in fertilization disorders by adverse effects on sperm motility, acrosome integrity, membrane lipoperoxidation, and disturbing oocyte sperm binding. Moreover, NETs/METs remove efficiently excessive spermatozoa within the female reproductive tract (FRT) after natural coitus or artificial insemination (AI). Depending on their location in reproductive organs, NETs/METs may be beneficial to the host by their capability of either limiting the dissemination of infective pathogens, promoting wound healing, and exerting anti-inflammatory properties through the degradation of pro-inflammatory components. Conversely, excessive or imbalanced NETs/METs release within FRT or urogenital tract (UGT) might be associated with worse fertility due to deleterious effects on sperm functions, oocyte fertilization, endometrium microenvironment, and embryo implantation. In the UGT, patients with epididymitis or urogenital bacterial infections and with leukocytospermia spontaneous release of NETs/METs in seminal fluids. Moreover, in infertile male/female patients without infectious etiologies but with autoimmune (i. e. systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis)-, metabolic (diabetes mellitus, obesity)- and vascular (vasculitis, hypertension, and preeclampsia)- diseases uncontrolled NETs/METs might negatively influence their fertility. Thus, this review aims to provide novel insights into the beneficial as well as adverse effects of NETs/METs on male gametes, oocyte fertilization, and endometrium by highlighting broad implications on early diagnosis of extracellular traps (ETs) in seminal fluid samples of infertility patients with inflammatory etiologies. As well as, for early diagnosis of spontaneous formation of NETs/METs in infertile couples with one or both being affected with chronic inflammatory-, metabolic-, vascular- and/or autoimmune diseases to increase the chance of conception.

RESUMEN: El papel de las trampas extracelulares de neutrófilos (NETs) y las trampas extracelulares de monocitos (METs) está bien establecido en los trastornos de la fertilización por efectos adversos sobre la motilidad de los espermatozoides, la integridad del acrosoma, la lipoperoxidación de la membrana y la alteración de la unión de los espermatozoides al ovocito. Además, las NETs/METs eliminan de manera eficiente el exceso de espermatozoides dentro del tracto reproductivo femenino (FRT) después del coito natural o la inseminación artificial (IA). Dependiendo de su ubicación en los órganos reproductivos, las NET/MET pueden ser beneficiosas para el huésped por su capacidad de limitar la diseminación de patógenos infecciosos, promover la cicatrización de heridas y ejercer propiedades antiinflamatorias a través de la degradación de componentes proinflamatorios. Por el contrario, la liberación excesiva o desequilibrada de NETs/METs dentro del FRT o el tracto urogenital masculino (UGT) podría estar asociada con una baja fertilidad debido a efectos nocivos sobre las funciones de los espermatozoides, la fertilización de los ovocitos, el microambiente del endometrio y la implantación del embrión. En UGT, los pacientes con epididimitis o infecciones bacterianas urogenitales y con leucocitospermia presentan liberación espontánea de NETs/ METs en los fluidos seminales. Además, en pacientes masculinos/ femeninos infértiles sin etiologías infecciosas pero con enfermedades autoinmunes (es decir, lupus eritematoso sistémico, artritis reumatoide), metabólicas (diabetes mellitus, obesidad) y vasculares (vasculitis, hipertensión y preeclampsia), los NETs/ METs no controlados pueden influir negativamente en su fertilidad. Por lo tanto, esta revisión tiene como objetivo proporcionar nuevos conocimientos sobre los efectos beneficiosos y adversos de los NETs/METs en los gametos masculinos, la fertilización de ovocitos y el endometrio, destacando las amplias implicaciones en el diagnóstico temprano de trampas extracelulares (TE) en muestras de fluido seminal de pacientes infértiles con etiologías inflamatorias. Así como para el diagnóstico precoz de la formación espontánea de NETs/METs en parejas infértiles en las que uno o ambos padecen enfermedades inflamatorias, metabólicas, vasculares y/o autoinmunes crónicas, con el fin de aumentar las posibilidades de concepción.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In Colombia, several different studies have been done to determine the effect of physical activity on everyday life. A person's lifestyle upon entry to the university changes affects the habits, and physical and psychological health of a person. Aim: To identify the current level of physical activity in university students. Materials and methods: Ten university students took part in the study, under an empirical and analytical approach based on a non-experimental method. The study conducted a short international questionnaire Physical Activity (IPAQ), and the Mets analysis technique. Results: More than 70 % of the students in the Physical Education bachelor's degree at the Minuto de Dios University Corporation UNIMINUTO had a moderate level of physical activity. Conclusions: Physical activity favors mental and physical health, prevents non-communicable diseases, enhances academic achievements and work performance, and increases social interaction, among others.

RESUMO Introdução: na Colômbia foram desenvolvidos vários estudos e planos para determinar o impacto que a atividade física traz na vida diária. É importante reconhecer como o estilo de vida de uma pessoa ao ingressar na universidade sofre algumas mudanças, onde estas se refletem nos hábitos que a pessoa possui e também na saúde psicológica e física. Objetivo: identificar o nível atual de atividade física de estudantes universitários. Materiais e métodos: participaram dez estudantes universitários, a abordagem da pesquisa é o método empírico-analítico, não experimental, onde foi utilizado o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) em seu formato curto e a análise Mets como desenvolvimento da técnica. Resultados: constatou-se que mais de 70 % dos alunos do curso de graduação em Educação Física da Corporação Universitária do Minuto de Dios "UNIMINUTO" apresentam nível moderado de atividade física. Conclusões: a atividade física auxilia na saúde tanto mental quanto física, previne doenças não transmissíveis, melhora o desempenho acadêmico e profissional, aumenta até certo ponto o convívio social, são muitos os benefícios que o exercício físico traz.

RESUMEN Introducción: en Colombia, se han desarrollado varios estudios como también planes para poder determinar la incidencia que trae la actividad física en el diario vivir. Es importante reconocer cómo el estilo de vida de una persona al momento de ingresar a la universidad obtiene algunos cambios, donde estos se ven reflejados en los hábitos que tiene la persona y también en la salud psicológica y física. Objetivo: identificar el nivel actual de actividad física de los estudiantes universitarios. Materiales y métodos: participaron diez estudiantes universitarios, el enfoque de la investigación es empírico analítico, de método no experimental, donde se utilizó el cuestionario internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ) en su formato corto y como desarrollo de la técnica se utilizó análisis Mets. Resultados: se determinó que más del 70 % de los estudiantes de licenciatura en Educación Física de la Corporación Universitaria del Minuto de Dios "UNIMINUTO" tienen un nivel moderado de actividad física. Conclusiones: la actividad física ayuda a la salud tanto mental como físicamente, previene enfermedades no transmisibles, mejora el rendimiento académico como laboral, incrementa en alguna medida la interacción social, son muchos los beneficios que trae consigo el ejercicio físico.

BACKGROUND: Sit-to-stand (STS) is a mechanically demanding task. Little is known about the energy expenditure (EE) and the perceived effort of patients with stroke during STS OBJECTIVES: The objectives of our study were to assess the perceived effort and EE of patients with stroke when moving from STS and to determine whether an association between actual energy expended and patient-perceived effort exists METHOD: This descriptive cross-sectional pilot study assessed participants' EE and perceived effort during STS, with a triaxial accelerometer and the modified Borg scale (MBS), respectively RESULTS: The team screened 428 individuals for potential inclusion, with nine participants (n = 5 female, 55.5%) meeting the criteria for our pilot study. Participants had a mean age of 52.77 (standard deviation [SD] ± 11.33) years, the majority had a haemorrhagic stroke (n = 6, 66.6%) and left hemiplegia (n = 6, 66.6%), and they were assessed 9.11 (SD ± 6.57) days post-stroke. The mean EE during STS was 2.82 (SD ± 1.9) kCal. Most participants (n = 7, 77.77%) perceived STS as more than a 'moderate' effort on the MBS. The correlation coefficient between the metabolic equivalent of task (METs) and MBS was r = 0.34 (p = 0.38 CONCLUSION: Our study found a fair positive correlation between METs and MBS for patients with stroke during STS CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The increased EE shown can be a key point for rehabilitation to lessen the extent of EE during STS. Further research is warranted

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a collection of risk factors, including hypertension, high fasting blood glucose, high fasting triglyceride and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels that may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of MetS among adults attending a Free State district hospital's outpatient department METHODS: A cross-sectional study included a consecutive sample of consenting patients 18 years and older from 18 October 2021 to 19 November 2021. Patients' waist circumference was measured, and data were extracted from patients' files RESULTS: The 409 participants were predominantly females (64.2%). The median age was 60 years. Triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels were available for 27.4% and 26.9% of patients, respectively. Of the 278 (68.0%) patients with sufficient information to determine their MetS status, 187 (67.3%) had MetS. Of the males with sufficient information, 49.1% (n = 56/114) had MetS compared to 79.9% (n = 131/164) of the females with sufficient information (p < 0.001). The age group 60-79 years had the highest prevalence (76.7%, p < 0.001). In all race groups, at least two-thirds of patients had MetS (p = 0.831 CONCLUSION: Incomplete patient notes and failure to do investigations led to a third of patients not having sufficient information to determine their MetS status. In patients with sufficient information, a high prevalence of MetS was found CONTRIBUTION: This study highlights the challenges of determining MetS retrospectively in an outpatient population and the need for completeness of medical note keeping and routine investigations in high-risk patients. It also notes the high prevalence of MetS

RESUMO Contexto: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a frequência e a intensidade dos sintomas ansiosos e depressivos em pacientes com diagnóstico de doença hepática esteatótica associada à disfunção metabólica [do inglês: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)]. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e transversal, resultante do acompanhamento de 106 pacientes do Ambulatório de Doença Hepática Esteatótica Associada à Disfunção Metabólica (A2MG700) da Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Clínica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, Brasil, sem história de abuso de álcool, verificada pelo Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Foram avaliados os dados sociodemográficos, Escala hospitalar de ansiedade e depressão [do inglês: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)], Escala de avaliação de ansiedade de Hamilton [do inglês: Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A)] e Escala de depressão de Hamilton [do inglês: Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D)]. Resultados: Um total 69,8% dos indivíduos eram do sexo feminino com idade média de 61 anos. A maioria dos indivíduos avaliados (71,7%) descobriu a doença por meio de exames de rotina e apresentavam diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (59,4%), dislipidemia (49,1%), hipertensão arterial (68,9%), obesidade (61,3%) e síndrome metabólica [SM (63,2%)]. A análise da escala HADS demonstrou probabilidade de ansiedade em 34% dos participantes e 33% de sintomas depressivos. A escala de intensidade de Hamilton demonstrou que 63,9% dos indivíduos apresentavam ansiedade severa e 54,3% depressão severa. Observamos também relação entre ansiedade, depressão e o sexo feminino, assim como, entre depressão e SM. Conclusão: Nossos achados demonstram a presença de ansiedade e depressão em mais de 1/3 dos indivíduos com MASLD avaliados e a maioria apresenta sintomas graves. O grupo era composto por pacientes idosos e com comorbidades, incluindo SM. Observamos correlação positiva entre ansiedade, depressão e sexo feminino, sendo significativa entre SM e depressão. Contexto inglês dysfunctionassociated dysfunction associated MASLD. . (MASLD)] Métodos Tratase Trata se transversal 10 A2MG700 AMG MG (A2MG700 HCFMUSP, HCFMUSP HC FMUSP , (HC-FMUSP) Brasil álcool AUDIT. AUDIT (AUDIT) sociodemográficos HADS, (HADS)] HAMA HAM (HAM-A) HAMD. HAMD D (HAM-D)] Resultados 698 69 8 69,8 6 anos 71,7% 717 71 7 (71,7% 59,4%, 594 59,4% 59 4 (59,4%) 49,1%, 491 49,1% 49 1 (49,1%) 68,9%, 689 68,9% 68 9 (68,9%) 61,3% 613 3 (61,3% 63,2%. 632 63,2% 63 (63,2%)] 34 33 639 63,9 543 54 54,3 Conclusão 13 1/ graves comorbidades (MASLD) A2MG70 (A2MG70 (HC-FMUSP (AUDIT (HADS) (HAM-A (HAM-D) 69, 71,7 (71,7 59,4 5 (59,4% 49,1 (49,1% 68,9 (68,9% 61,3 (61,3 63,2 (63,2%) 63, 54, (MASLD A2MG7 (A2MG7 (HADS (HAM-D 71, (71, 59, (59,4 49, (49,1 68, (68,9 61, (61, (63,2% A2MG (A2MG (71 (59, (49, (68, (61 (63,2 (7 (59 (49 (68 (6 (63, ( (5 (4 (63

ABSTRACT Background: This study aimed to assess the frequency and intensity of anxious and depressive symptoms in patients diagnosed with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Methods: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study, resulting from 106 patients from the Hepatology outpatient clinic at the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil without a history of alcohol abuse, verified by the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT). These were assessed using the sociodemographic data sheet, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D). Results: A total of 69.8% were women and 30.2% were men, with a mean age of 61 years. The majority (71.7%) discovered MASLD through routine exams, presenting as comorbidities: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (59.4%), Dyslipidemia (49.1%), Arterial hypertension (68.9%), Obesity (61.3%) and Metabolic syndrome [MetS (63.2%)]. The HADS scale indicates 34% probability of anxiety and 33% depressive symptoms. The Hamilton’s scales of intensity indicates 63.9% severe anxiety and 54.3% severe depression. There is also a relationship between anxiety, depression and the female gender, as well as between depression and MetS. Conclusion: The findings point to the presence of anxiety and depression in more than one third of MASLD patients, most with severe symptoms. The group is concentrated in the elderly, with many comorbidities, including MetS. There was a positive correlation between anxiety, depression and being female; also, being significant between MetS and depression. Background dysfunctionassociated dysfunction associated MASLD. . (MASLD) Methods crosssectional cross sectional 10 HCFMUSP, HCFMUSP HC FMUSP , (HC-FMUSP) abuse AUDIT. AUDIT (AUDIT) sheet HADS, (HADS) HAMA, HAMA HAM (HAM-A) HAMD. HAMD D (HAM-D) Results 698 69 8 69.8 302 30 30.2 men 6 years 71.7% 717 71 7 (71.7% exams comorbidities 59.4%, 594 59.4% 59 4 (59.4%) 49.1%, 491 49.1% 49 1 (49.1%) 68.9%, 689 68.9% 68 9 (68.9%) 61.3% 613 3 (61.3% 63.2%. 632 63.2% 63 (63.2%)] 34 33 Hamiltons s 639 63.9 543 54 54.3 gender Conclusion elderly (MASLD (HC-FMUSP (AUDIT (HADS (HAM-A (HAM-D 69. 30. 71.7 (71.7 59.4 5 (59.4% 49.1 (49.1% 68.9 (68.9% 61.3 (61.3 63.2 (63.2%) 63. 54. 71. (71. 59. (59.4 49. (49.1 68. (68.9 61. (61. (63.2% (71 (59. (49. (68. (61 (63.2 (7 (59 (49 (68 (6 (63. ( (5 (4 (63

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on healthcare costs remains unclear in the literature. OBJECTIVES: To determine the impact of MetS on primary healthcare costs of adults, as well as to identify the impact of physical activity and other covariates on this phenomenon. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Presidente Prudente, State of São Paulo/Brazil, in 2016. METHODS: The sample comprised 159 older adults (> 50 years) of both sexes (110 women) who were identified from their medical records in the Brazilian National Health Service. Healthcare costs (US$) were assessed through medical records and divided into medical consultations, medications, laboratory tests, and total costs. MetS was assessed using medical records. RESULTS: The Brazilian National Health Service spent more on consultations (US$ 22.75 versus US$ 19.39; + 17.3%) and medication (US$ 19.65 versus US$ 8.32; + 136.1%) among adults with MetS than among those without MetS, but the costs for laboratory tests were similar (P = 0.343). Total costs were 53.9% higher in adults with MetS than in those without the diagnosis of the disease (P = 0.001). Regarding total costs, there was an increase of US$ 38.97 when five components of MetS were present (P = 0.015), representing an increase of approximately 700%, even after adjusting for sex, age, and physical activity. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the presence of the MetS is responsible for increasing primary care costs among older adults, especially in those related to medicines. BACKGROUND (MetS literature OBJECTIVES phenomenon SETTING crosssectional cross sectional Prudente PauloBrazil Paulo Brazil Paulo/Brazil 2016 METHODS 15 > ( 5 years 110 (11 women US medications RESULTS (US 2275 22 75 22.7 19.39 1939 19 39 17.3% 173 17 3 1965 65 19.6 8.32 832 8 32 136.1% 1361 136 1 P 0.343. 0343 0.343 . 0 343 0.343) 539 53 9 53.9 0.001. 0001 0.001 001 0.001) 3897 38 97 38.9 0.015, 0015 0.015 , 015 0.015) 700 700% sex age CONCLUSION conclusion medicines 201 11 (1 227 2 7 22. 19.3 193 17.3 196 6 19. 8.3 83 136.1 13 034 0.34 34 53. 000 0.00 00 389 38. 0.01 01 70 20 17. 8. 136. 03 0.3 0.0 0.

Resumo Esta revisão sistemática (RS) com meta-análise (MA) teve por objetivo identificar os padrões alimentares da população, segundo sexo e etnia, e sua associação com a síndrome metabólica e seus fatores de risco (SM-FR). Foram consultadas as seguintes bases de dados: Medline, Scopus, Ebsco, SciELO e BVS. Foram incluídos estudos com participantes adultos e que identificaram padrões alimentares associados à SM-FR. Na MA empregou-se o modelo de efeitos aleatórios para estimativa do odds ratio (OR) combinado. A heterogeneidade estatística e o viés de publicação foram explorados. Os padrões alimentares foram agrupados em saudável ou não saudável. Conforme a composição das amostras, os estudos foram assim categorizados: Mulheres (sem definição de etnia), Afrodescendentes (homens e mulheres), e População Geral (ambos os sexos e etnia). Foram encontrados 8.496 artigos, dos quais 22 compuseram a RS e 11 a MA. A adesão ao padrão alimentar saudável associou-se negativamente com SM-FR (fator de proteção) apenas para População Geral (OR=0,77; IC95%: 0,61-0,98). No entanto, o padrão alimentar não saudável esteve associado a maiores prevalências de SM-FR em todos os grupos analisados. Concluiu-se que um padrão alimentar não saudável aumenta as chances de SM-FR em adultos, independentemente de gênero e etnia. (RS metaanálise meta análise (MA população etnia SMFR. SMFR SM FR . (SM-FR) dados Medline Scopus Ebsco BVS FR. empregouse empregou se OR (OR combinado explorados amostras categorizados sem , etnia) homens mulheres, mulheres mulheres) ambos 8496 8 496 8.49 artigos 2 1 associouse associou fator proteção OR=0,77 OR077 0 77 (OR=0,77 IC95% IC95 IC 0,610,98. 061098 0,61 0,98 61 98 0,61-0,98) entanto analisados Concluiuse Concluiu (SM-FR 849 49 8.4 OR=0,7 OR07 7 (OR=0,7 IC9 610 0,610,98 06109 061 0,6 098 0,9 6 9 0,61-0,98 84 4 8. OR=0, OR0 (OR=0, 0,610,9 0610 06 0, 09 0,61-0,9 OR=0 (OR=0 0,610, 0,61-0, OR= (OR= 0,610 0,61-0 0,61-

Abstract The objective of this systematic review (SR) with meta-analysis (MA) was to identify the dietary patterns of the population, regarding ethnicity and gender, and their association with the metabolic syndrome and its risk factors (MetS-RF). The literature search was performed using Medline, Scopus, Ebsco, SciELO, and BVS databases. Studies with adult participants that identified dietary patterns associated with MetS-RF were included. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95%CI were calculated using a random-effect, generic inverse variance method. Statistical heterogeneity and publication bias were explored. The dietary patterns were classified as healthy or unhealthy. Studies were categorized into three groups: Women (all ethnicities), Afro-descendant (men and women), and General Population (both genders and ethnicity). Among the articles found (n=8,496), 22 integrated the SR and 11 the MA. The adherence to the healthy dietary pattern was negatively associated (protective factor) with MetS-RF only in the General Population (OR=0.77; 95%CI: 0.61-0.98). Nevertheless, the unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with the higher prevalence of MetS-RF in all analyzed groups. It was concluded that an unhealthy eating pattern increases the chances of SM-RF in adults, regardless of gender and ethnicity. (SR metaanalysis meta analysis MA (MA population MetSRF. MetSRF MetS RF . (MetS-RF) Medline Scopus Ebsco SciELO databases included OR (OR 95CI CI 95 randomeffect, randomeffect random effect, effect random-effect method explored groups ethnicities, ethnicities , ethnicities) Afrodescendant Afro descendant men women, women women) both ethnicity) n=8,496, n8496 n n=8,496 8 496 (n=8,496) 2 1 protective factor OR=0.77 OR077 0 77 (OR=0.77 0.610.98. 061098 0.61 0.98 61 98 0.61-0.98) Nevertheless SMRF SM adults (MetS-RF 9 n849 n=8,49 49 (n=8,496 OR=0.7 OR07 7 (OR=0.7 610 0.610.98 06109 061 0.6 098 0.9 6 0.61-0.98 n84 n=8,4 4 (n=8,49 OR=0. OR0 (OR=0. 0.610.9 0610 06 0. 09 0.61-0.9 n8 n=8, (n=8,4 OR=0 (OR=0 0.610. 0.61-0. n=8 (n=8, OR= (OR= 0.610 0.61-0 n= (n=8 0.61- (n= (n

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to examine the expression profile of genes (APOE, FTO, and LPL) associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in subjects with concomitant atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS: A total of 690 subjects were categorized into control, AF without MetS, and AF with MetS. RESULTS: The expression profiles of the APOE, FTO, and LPL genes were decreased in AF subjects and AF subjects with MetS as compared to the controls. In AF without the MetS group, an inverse relationship was found between the expression of the LPL gene with body mass index (BMI) and a positive relationship with creatine kinase-MB, whereas expression of the FTO gene was inversely associated with fasting blood glucose and positively with cardiac troponin I in AF suffering from MetS. Expression of the LPL gene was directly linked with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), whereas an inverse correlation with heart rate and expression of the FTO gene in AF with MetS were shown. The expression of the LPL gene was inversely related to BMI in subjects with AF. The expression of the LPL gene was positively correlated with SBP and HDL-C and negatively correlated with heart rate, while the expression of the FTO gene was an important predictor of AF with MetS. CONCLUSION: The decreased expression of APOE, FTO, and LPL genes in AF with and without MetS indicates their potential contributing role in the pathogenesis of AF. OBJECTIVE APOE (APOE (MetS . (AF) METHODS 69 control RESULTS controls group (BMI kinaseMB, kinaseMB kinase MB, MB kinase-MB (SBP highdensity high density lipoproteincholesterol lipoprotein cholesterol HDLC, HDLC HDL C , (HDL-C) shown CONCLUSION (AF 6 (HDL-C

Abstract Introduction Patients with psoriatic arthritis have some lipid metabolism changes and higher risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular diseases, regardless of traditional risk factors, suggesting that chronic inflammation itself plays a central role concerning the atherosclerosis. However, there is a lack of information regarding atherogenic pattern and lipoprotein subfractions burden in these individuals. Aim To evaluate the HDL and LDL-cholesterol plasmatic levels and their subfractions after a nutritional intervention in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Methods This was a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of a 12-week nutritional intervention. PsA patients were randomly assigned to 1-Placebo: 1 g of soybean oil daily, no dietetic intervention; 2-Diet + Supplementation: an individualized diet, supplemented with 604 mg of omega-3 fatty acids, three times a day; and 3-Diet + Placebo: individualized diet + 1 g of soybean oil. The LDL subfractions were classified as non-atherogenic (NAth), atherogenic (Ath) or highly atherogenic (HAth), whereas the HDL subfractions were classified as small, medium, or large particles, according to the current recommendation based on lipoproteins electrophoresis. Results A total of 91 patients were included in the study. About 62% of patients (n = 56) had an Ath or HAth profile and the main risk factors associated were male gender, longer skin disease duration and higher BMI. Thirty-two patients (35%) had a high-risk lipoprotein profile despite having LDL plasmatic levels below 100 mg/dL. The 12-week nutritional intervention did not alter the LDL subfractions. However, there were significant improvement of HDL subfractions. Conclusion Recognizing the pro-atherogenic subfractions LDL pattern could be a relevant strategy for identifying PsA patients with higher cardiovascular risk, regardless total LDL plasmatic levels and disease activity. In addition, a short-term nutritional intervention based on supervised and individualized diet added to omega-3 fatty acids changed positively the HDLLARGE subfractions, while LDLLARGE subfraction was improved in hypercholesterolemic individuals. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03142503 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/). MetS (MetS diseases atherosclerosis However individuals LDLcholesterol cholesterol PsA. . (PsA) randomized placebocontrolled placebo controlled 12week week 12 1Placebo Placebo 1-Placebo daily 2Diet Diet 2 Supplementation 60 omega3 omega 3 omega- day 3Diet nonatherogenic non NAth, NAth , (NAth) (Ath HAth, (HAth) small medium particles electrophoresis 9 study 62 n 56 gender BMI Thirtytwo Thirty two 35% 35 (35% highrisk high 10 mgdL dL mg/dL proatherogenic pro activity addition shortterm short term ClinicalTrialsgov ClinicalTrials gov identifier NCT NCT0314250 http//www.clinicaltrials.gov/. httpwwwclinicaltrialsgov http //www.clinicaltrials.gov/ www clinicaltrials (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/) (PsA 6 (NAth (HAth 5 (35 NCT031425 http//www.clinicaltrials.gov/ wwwclinicaltrialsgov //www.clinicaltrials.gov (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ (3 NCT03142 http//www.clinicaltrials.gov (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT0314 NCT031 NCT03 NCT0

Abstract Objectives Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) has been established as a significant factor in the pathogenesis of numerous chronic inflammatory conditions. However, its role in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP) is unknown. This study aims to investigate the association between MetS, its components, and the risk of postoperative recurrence in Chinese patients with CRSwNP. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on CRSwNP patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery in our hospital. Patients were divided into MetS and non-MetS groups, and the clinical characteristics and recurrence rates were compared. All CRSwNP patients were followed up for more than 2-years and further categorized into non-recurrent and recurrent groups. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the effects of MetS and its components on the risk of postoperative recurrence. Results A total of 555 CRSwNP patients were enrolled in the present study, 157 patients were included in the MetS group and 398 patients were categorized into the non-MetS group. The recurrence rate in the MetS group was significantly higher compared to the non-MetS group (p< 0.05). The rate of MetS, overweight or obesity, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia were higher in the recurrent group in comparison with the non-recurrent group (p< 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that MetS, overweight or obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and accompanying allergic rhinitis were associated with the risk of postoperative recurrence of CRSwNP (p< 0.05). Moreover, adjusted and unadjusted regression models showed that MetS was an independent risk factor for postoperative recurrence of CRSwNP, and the risk increased with more components of MetS included (p< 0.05). Conclusion Our findings revealed that MetS independently increased the risk of postoperative recurrence in patients with CRSwNP, with the risk escalating as the number of MetS components increased. Moreover, accompanying allergic rhinitis was also demonstrated to be a potential risk factor for CRSwNP recurrence. Level of evidence: Level 4. (MetS conditions However (CRSwNP unknown hospital nonMetS non groups 2years years 2 nonrecurrent 55 15 39 p< p (p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) obesity Moreover evidence 4 5 1 3 00 0.0 0.

Abstract Objective: To identify sociodemographic and reproductive risk factors associated with MetS in women in their fourth decade of life. Methods: Cohort study conducted on women born from June 1978 to May 1979 in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Sociodemographic, clinical, and obstetric data were collected by interview and clinical evaluation. Univariable and multivariable binomial logistic regression models were constructed to identify the risk factors of metabolic syndrome and the adjusted relative risk (RR) was calculated. Results: The cohort included 916 women, and 286 (31.2%) of them have metabolic syndrome. MetS was associated with lack of paid work (RR 1.49; 95% CI 1.14-1.95), marital status of without a partner (RR 1.33; 95% CI 1.03-1.72), low educational level (less than 8 years of schooling [RR 1.72; 95% CI 1.23-2.41], 8 to 12 years of schooling [RR 1.37; 95% CI 1.06-1.76], when compared with more than 12 years of schooling), and teenage pregnancy (RR 2.00; 95% CI 1.45-2.77). There was no association between MetS, and the other covariates studied. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome in a population of women in the fourth decade of life was associated with lack of employment, lack of a partner, low educational level, and teenage pregnancy. Objective Methods 197 Preto Brazil Sociodemographic evaluation RR calculated Results 91 28 31.2% 312 31 2 (31.2% 1.49 149 1 49 95 1.141.95, 114195 1.14 1.95 , 14 1.14-1.95) 1.33 133 33 1.031.72, 103172 1.03 1.72 03 72 1.03-1.72) less 172 1.232.41, 123241 1.23 2.41 23 41 1.23-2.41] 1.37 137 37 1.061.76, 106176 1.06 1.76 06 76 1.06-1.76] schooling, schooling) 2.00 200 00 1.452.77. 145277 1.45 2.77 . 45 77 1.45-2.77) studied Conclusion employment 19 9 31.2 3 (31.2 1.4 4 141 1.141.95 11419 114 1.1 195 1.9 1.14-1.95 1.3 13 031 1.031.72 10317 103 1.0 1.7 0 7 1.03-1.72 17 232 1.232.41 12324 123 1.2 241 2.4 1.23-2.41 061 1.061.76 10617 106 176 1.06-1.76 2.0 20 452 1.452.77 14527 145 277 2.7 1.45-2.77 31. (31. 1. 1.141.9 1141 11 1.14-1.9 1.031.7 1031 10 1.03-1.7 1.232.4 1232 24 2. 1.23-2.4 1.061.7 1061 1.06-1.7 1.452.7 1452 27 1.45-2.7 (31 1.141. 1.14-1. 1.031. 1.03-1. 1.232. 1.23-2. 1.061. 1.06-1. 1.452. 1.45-2. (3 1.141 1.14-1 1.031 1.03-1 1.232 1.23-2 1.061 1.06-1 1.452 1.45-2 ( 1.14- 1.03- 1.23- 1.06- 1.45-

Abstract Diabetic-metabolic syndrome (MetS-D) has a high prevalence worldwide, in which an association with the rupture of the intestinal epithelium barrier function (IEBF) has been pointed out, but the functional and morphological properties are still not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of acute hyperglycemia diabetes on intestinal tight junction proteins, metabolic failure, intestinal ion and water transports, and IEBF parameters. Diabetes was induced in male Rattus norvegicus (200-310 g) with 0.5 mL of streptozotocin (70 mg/kg). Glycemic and clinical parameters were evaluated every 7 days, and intestinal parameters were evaluated on the 14th day. The MetS-D animals showed a clinical pattern of hyperglycemia, with increases in the area of villi and crypts, lactulose:mannitol ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and intestinal tissue concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), but showed a reduction in reduced glutathione (GSH) when these parameters were compared to the control. The MetS-D group had increased secretion of Na+, K+, Cl-, and water compared to the control group in ileal tissue. Furthermore, we observed a reduction in mRNA transcript of claudin-2, claudin-15, and NHE3 and increases of SGLT-1 and ZO-1 in the MetS-D group. These results showed that MetS-D triggered intestinal tissue inflammation, oxidative stress, complex alterations in gene regulatory protein transcriptions of intestinal transporters and tight junctions, damaging the IEBF and causing hydroelectrolyte secretion. Diabeticmetabolic Diabetic MetSD MetS D (MetS-D worldwide (IEBF out understood proteins failure transports 200310 200 310 (200-31 g 05 0 5 0. 70 (7 mg/kg. mgkg mg/kg . mg kg mg/kg) days th day crypts lactulosemannitol lactulose mannitol ratio MPO (MPO activity MDA, MDA , (MDA) GSH (GSH Na Na+ K K+ Cl, Cl Cl- Furthermore claudin2, claudin2 claudin 2, 2 claudin-2 claudin15, claudin15 15, 15 claudin-15 NHE SGLT1 SGLT 1 SGLT- ZO1 ZO ZO- inflammation stress junctions 20031 20 31 (200-3 ( (MDA claudin- claudin1 claudin-1 2003 3 (200- (200 (20 (2

Abstract Introduction Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its associated components were reported as a possible cause of inner ear dysfunction. However, research about the influence of cardiovascular risk factors on hearing thresholds are conducted mainly in adult patients. Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate auditory function in adolescents with MetS compared with healthy controls. Methods One hundred adolescents with metabolic syndrome and 200 sex- and age-matched controls were recruited from a university pediatric endocrine clinic from May 2018 to July 2020. Hearing loss was defined as hearing level ≥ 15 dB at speech frequency (SFHL) or high frequency (HFHL) in one or both ears. A multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis examined the correlation between MetS components and several important demographic characteristics, and hearing loss. Results A total of 165 (55.0%) boys and 135 (45.0%) girls participated in this study. The rates of SFHL and HFHL in adolescents with MetS were 32.0% and 51.0%, respectively. Those values for controls were 5.0% and 15.5%, respectively. The regression analysis showed high triglycerides as a significant predictor for SFHL (odds ratio 10.87; 95% confidence interval: 1.98, 59.74). Neither predictor of interest was significant for HFHL. Conclusion Hypertriglyceridemia may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of SFHL. However, the strength of the association was not significant with a wide confidence interval. Also, we were unable to find an association between predictors and HFHL with the current sample size. Larger and prospective studies are recommended.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre bienestar, deterioro cognitivo, medidas de afrontamiento y nivel de actividad fisica de personas mayores en situación de pandemia por COVID-19 de una ciudad del norte de Chile y comparar entre personas con y sin deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL). Metodología: Estudio transversal que incluyó a 65 personas mayores que viven en la comunidad de Arica (Chile). Su rendimiento cognitivo fue valorado con la evaluación cognitiva de Montreal (MoCA); sus estrategias de afrontamiento se midieron con el Inventario Multidimensional de Estimación del Afrontamiento (COPE -28); sus niveles de actividad fisica con el cuestionario internacional de actividad física (IPAQ) versión corta, y su bienestar mediante el cuestionario de salud general GHQ12. Resultados: Cuatro variables se comportaron como predictores de bajo bienestar: sexo femenino (ß =1,833; p=0,049); presentar menor edad (ß = 0,175; p=0,030); usar más bloqueo del afrontamiento al estrés (ß =0,706; p=0,001); y en menor medida un afrontamiento cognitivo (ß = 0,436; p=0,001). Además, existió relación entre bajo bienestar y menor cantidad de MET en personas con nivel actividad física moderada (r= -0,250; p=0,022). Al comparar los resultados de las variables entre sujetos con y sin DCL, no existieron diferencias significativas (p>0,05). Conclusión: El mayor porcentaje de participantes con bajo bienestar se observó en los de menor actividad fisica, género femenino y que utilizan el bloqueo de afrontamiento como estrategia a periodos de estrés. Es vital asegurar que las personas mayores permanezcan activas y mantengan adecuadas medidas de afrontamiento para ser más resilientes durante una crisis.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the relationship between well-being, cognitive impairment, coping measures, and level of physical activity in older people in a COVID-19 pandemic situation in a city in northern Chile, and to compare people with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methodology: Cross-sectional study that included 65 elderly people living in the community of Arica (Chile). Their cognitive performance was assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), their coping strategies were measured with the Multidimensional Coping Estimation Inventory (COPE -28), their physical activity levels with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short version, and their well-being using the GHQ12 general health questionnaire. Results: Four variables behaved as predictors of low well-being: female gender (ß =1.833; p=0.049); being younger (ß = 0.175; p=0.030); use more stress coping block (ß =0.706; p=0.001); and less cognitive coping (ß = 0.436; p=0.001). In addition, there was a relationship between low well-being and a lower number of METs in people with a moderate physical activity level (r= -0.250; p=0.022). When comparing the results of the variables between subjects with and without MCI, there were no significant differences (p>0.05). Conclusion: The highest percentage of participants with low well-being was observed in those with less physical activity, female gender, and who use coping blocking as a strategy in periods of stress. It is vital to ensure that older people remain active and maintain adequate coping measures to be more resilient during a crisis.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de actividad física en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios por medio de un método indirecto. Materiales y métodos: Estudio con enfoque cuantitativo y alcance descriptivo, contó con una muestra representativa no probabilística de 304 sujetos, de los cuales 162 (53,2 %) eran mujeres y 142 (46,7 %) hombres; el instrumento empleado fue el cuestionario GPAQ Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, valorando con ello los MET en las categorías desplazamiento, trabajo, tiempo libre y conducta sedentaria. Resultados: Sobre los niveles AF a nivel general, el 62,5 % de los estudiantes evaluados presentó un nivel alto, un 12,2 % moderado y un 25,3 % bajo. Referente al comportamiento sedentario, el promedio general de los valorados en dicha variable fue de 6 horas diarias. En la distribución por género, los hombres presentaron un mayor nivel de AF con relación a las mujeres (p<0,05). Pero estas últimas, a su vez, tuvieron un mayor tiempo de AF sedentaria que los hombres (p<0,05). Conclusiones: Se encontró una relación asociada entre el género y los niveles de AF, siendo esta superior en el caso de los hombres; por su parte, los planes de estudio a nivel universitario deben fomentar e incluir la AF dentro de la formación integral, realizando mayor énfasis en las estudiantes del género femenino.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the level of physical activity in a group of university students by means of an indirect method. Materials and methods: A study with a quantitative approach and descriptive scope had a non-probabilistic representative sample of 304 subjects, of whom 162 (53.2 %) were women and 142 (46.7 %) men; the instrument used was the GPAQ Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, thereby assessing the METS in the categories: commuting, work and free time, as well as time spent in sedentary behavior. Results: On the FA levels at a general level, 62.5 % of the students evaluated presented a high level, 12.2 % moderate and 25.3 % low. Regarding sedentary behavior, the general average of those valued in said variable was 6 hours a day. In the distribution by gender, men presented a higher level of PA in relation to women (p<0.05). But the latter, in turn, had a longer sedentary PA time than the men (p<0.05). Conclusions: An associated relationship was found between gender and PA levels, this being higher in the case of men; on the other hand, the study plans at the university level should promote and include PA within comprehensive training, placing greater emphasis on female students.