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Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum.) is an Amazonian fruit rich in antioxidants potential due to its phenolic compounds. Its seeds produce cupulate, a chocolate-like product, and the residue remains rich in biocompounds. This study aimed to optimize and compare microwave-assisted (MAE) and high pressure/temperature extraction (HPTE) of polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds from cupuaçu seed by-products. A Box-Behnken 33 factorial design assessed the influence of extraction time, solid/liquid ratio, and ethanol concentration. Responses included total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, and anti-radical power via the ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) method. In optimum conditions, MAE had the highest total polyphenol content and HPTE for flavonoids. Optimal conditions for both methods were 65% (m/v) ethanol concentration, 45 min extraction time, and 0.03 g mL−1 solid/liquid ratio. MAE and HPTE achieved greater recovery of (−)-epicatechin and (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate compared to percolation. Both techniques proved viable for recovering polyphenols from cupuaçu seed by-products, in less time and with less solvent. Thus, cupuaçu by-products can be a sustainable and functional food source, with MAE and HPTE providing high yields and quality extracts rich in polyphenols. Theobroma Schum. Schum cupulate chocolatelike chocolate like product biocompounds microwaveassisted microwave assisted (MAE pressuretemperature pressure temperature (HPTE byproducts. byproducts by products. products BoxBehnken Box Behnken 3 solidliquid solid liquid ratio concentration antiradical anti radical 2,2azinobis3ethylbenzothiazoline6sulphonic 22azinobis3ethylbenzothiazoline6sulphonic azinobisethylbenzothiazolinesulphonic 2,2 azino bis ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulphonic 2 acid method flavonoids 65 m/v mv m v (m/v 4 003 0 03 0.0 mL1 mL 1 mL− −epicatechin epicatechin − −epigallocatechin3gallate epigallocatechin3gallate epigallocatechingallate epigallocatechin gallate percolation byproducts, products, solvent Thus source 2azinobis3ethylbenzothiazoline6sulphonic azinobis 22 2, 00 0.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20240149

Multifractal analysis of weeds in a no-tillage system in the Pre-Amazon region notillage no tillage PreAmazon Pre Amazon
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Silva, Daniel M. da

; Silva, Guimarães V. da

; Siqueira, Glécio M.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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2024, Volumen 28 Nº 1 elocation e273778

Resumen: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Weeds have several mechanisms of dispersal and reproduction, resulting high spatial variability. The objective of this study was to assess the scale and spatial heterogeneity of weeds using multifractal analysis in a no-tillage system in the Pre-Amazon region. Sampling was conducted in a commercial soybean (Glycine max) production plot in the Mata Roma, Maranhão, Brazil, comprising 1,071 points marked on a 10 × 10 m grid. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multifractal analysis through the box-counting method. Weeds showed varying degrees of multifractality, resulting in different scales and spatial heterogeneity in the study area. Euphorbia hirta and Turnera subulata exhibited asymmetry of branches to the left in the singularity spectrum, indicating dominance of high measurement values. reproduction variability notillage no tillage PreAmazon Pre Amazon region Glycine max Roma Maranhão Brazil 1071 1 071 1,07 grid boxcounting box counting method multifractality area spectrum values 107 07 1,0 0 1,

RESUMO As plantas-daninhas possuem diversos mecanismos de dispersão e reprodução descrevendo elevada variabilidade espacial. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a heterogeneidade de escala e espacial de plantas-daninhas utilizando análise multifractal em sistema de semeadura direta na região Pré-Amazônia. A amostragem foi realizada em uma parcela de produção comercial cultivada com soja (Glycine max). Na área de estudo foram demarcados 1.071 pontos, em malha regular de 10 × 10 m, no município de Mata Roma (Maranhão, Brasil). Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva e análise multifractal empregando o método box-counting. As plantas-daninhas apresentaram diferentes graus de multifractalidade, descrevendo maior ou menor heterogeneidade de escala e espacial na área de estudo. Euphorbia hirta e Turnera subulata apresentaram assimetria dos ramos do espectro de singularidade para a esquerda, indicando domínio de valores elevados de medidas. plantasdaninhas plantas daninhas PréAmazônia. PréAmazônia Pré Amazônia. Amazônia Pré-Amazônia Glycine max. max . max) 1071 1 071 1.07 pontos m Maranhão, Maranhão (Maranhão Brasil. Brasil Brasil) boxcounting. boxcounting box counting. counting box-counting multifractalidade esquerda medidas 107 07 1.0 0 1.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v28n1e273778

Evaluation of Production Performance Parameters of Two Laying Hen Strains Housed in Four Housing Environments
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Tainika, B

; Şekeroğlu, A

; Abacı, SH

; Akyol, A

; Duman, M

; Şentürk, YE

; Avcı, M

Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science

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2024, Volumen 26 Nº 2 elocation eRBCA-2023-1885

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT This study investigated the impact of housing environment on performance parameters of the Lohmann LSL Classic (LW) and Lohmann Sandy (LS) strains. The deep litter (DL), free access to outdoor Mentha piperita (MP), Petroselinum crispum (PC), and Medicago sativa (MS) housing environments were examined. A total of 260 four-week-old birds were randomly allotted to DL and outdoor plant-associated groups, with four and three replicates, respectively, and 10 birds per replicate. Data collection for weekly feed intake began at 4 weeks until the end of the study. Weekly hen weights were measured from 4 weeks of age until the age of 50% egg production; and then later, at 52 weeks of age. From the day of the first egg until the last day of the study, eggs laid in each nest box tier (upper, middle, bottom, and floor) were recorded and weighed at 9:00 a.m., 12:00 noon, and 3:00 p.m. Housing environment influenced the age at first egg and 50% egg production, hen-day egg production, feed intake during the egg-laying period, feed conversion ratio, average egg weight, and egg size distribution (p<0.01; p<0.05). Age at first egg and 50% egg production, hen-day egg production, feed intake, average egg weight, and egg size distribution varied between strains (p<0.01; p<0.05). Most of the eggs were laid in the morning and on the upper nest box tier (p<0.01). Additionally, average egg weight varied among the egg-laying time and nest box tiers, and most of the eggs laid were in the large egg size (56-65 g) category (p<0.01). It was concluded that access to Medicago sativa offers hens the most ideal environment for production performance. The two strains were quite similar in terms of overall performance outcomes. LW (LW LS (LS DL, , (DL) MP, MP (MP) PC, PC (PC) MS (MS examined 26 fourweekold week old plantassociated plant associated groups replicates respectively 1 replicate 50 later 5 upper, (upper middle bottom floor 900 9 00 9:0 am a m a.m. 1200 12 12:0 noon 300 3 3:0 pm p p.m henday egglaying laying period ratio p<0.01 p001 0 01 (p<0.01 p<0.05. p005 p<0.05 . 05 p<0.05) p<0.01. (p<0.01) Additionally tiers 5665 56 65 (56-6 g outcomes (DL (MP (PC 2 90 9: a.m 120 12: 30 3: p<0.0 p00 (p<0.0 566 6 (56- p<0. p0 (p<0. (56 p<0 (p<0 (5 p< (p< ( (p

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2023-1885

Synthesis and characterization of magnetic chitosan-polypyrrole composite for adsorption of tetracyclines from contaminated water
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Lefatle, Mpho C.

; Madikizela, Lawrence M.

; Pakade, Vusumzi E.

; Nomngongo, Philiswa N.

South African Journal of Chemistry

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2024, Volumen 78 Paginas 178 - 191

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The extensive consumption of tetracyclines (TCs) has gained attention due to their toxic effect. The current study reports the synthesis and characterization of magnetic chitosan-polypyrrole (Cs-PPy-Fe3O4) composite, which was then used for the adsorption of TCs from aqueous solutions. The synthesized adsorbent had a surface area, pore volume, and pore size diameter of 129 m² g-1, 0.32 cm³ g-1, and 9.9 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the adsorbent had an elemental composition of C (53.6%), O (18.0%), N (12.4%), Fe (12.4%) and O (18.0%). Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to investigate the effects of various parameters affecting the adsorption of TCs onto Cs-PPy-Fe3O4 composite. The results displayed that the sorption of the TCs onto Cs-PPy-Fe3O4 composite followed pseudo-first-order and best fitted the Langmuir isotherm model with adsorption capacities of 112, 95, 94, and 93 mg g-1 for oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, and doxycycline, respectively. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption of the analytes onto the Cs-PPy-Fe3O4 composite was physical with exothermic and increasing entropy. Furthermore, as the eluting solvent, the adsorbent could be regenerated using methanol and 0.01 oxalic acid (20:80 v/v). Therefore, the Cs-PPy-Fe3O4 composite could be a promising adsorbent for the simultaneous removal of TCs in water.

https://doi.org/10.17159/0379-4350/2024/v78a24

Morphophysiology and gas exchange of pomegranate under salt stress and foliar application of nitrogen
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Figueiredo, Francisco R. A.

; Fátima, Reynaldo T. de

; Nóbrega, Jackson S.

; Silva, Toshik I. da

; Ferreira, Jean T. A.

; Ribeiro, João E. da S.

; Leal, Márcia P. da S.

; Soares, Lauriane A. dos A.

; Dias, Thiago J.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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Dic 2023, Volumen 27 Nº 12 Paginas 958 - 965

Resumen: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Salinity is one of the abiotic stresses that affect gas exchange and growth of pomegranate. In this context, the application of nitrogen fertilizer through the leaves can minimize these effects. Thus, the objective of present study was to evaluate the effect of foliar nitrogen fertilization on pomegranate seedlings irrigated with brackish water. The design used was randomized blocks, in an incomplete factorial scheme (Central Composite Design) with five electrical conductivities of irrigation water - ECw (0.50, 1.15, 2.75, 4.35, and 5.00 dS m-1) and five doses of foliar nitrogen fertilization - FNF (0, 0.33, 1.15, 1.97, and 2.30 g L-1), with four replicates and two plants per experimental plot. Plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and gas exchange (stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, instantaneous water use efficiency, and intrinsic water use efficiency) were evaluated at 60 days after the beginning of irrigation with saline water. Salinity of irrigation water negatively affects the gas exchange of pomegranate seedlings. Foliar nitrogen fertilization up to 1.31 g L-1 improves plant height and number of leaves in pomegranate seedlings under salt stress. Foliar nitrogen fertilization up to 1.59 g L-1 increases the net photosynthesis of pomegranate seedlings. context effects Thus blocks Central Design 0.50, 050 0 50 (0.50 115 1 15 1.15 275 2 75 2.75 435 4 35 4.35 500 5 00 5.0 m1 m m-1 0, (0 033 33 0.33 197 97 1.97 230 30 2.3 L1, L1 L , L-1) plot diameter stomatal conductance CO concentration rate efficiency 6 131 31 1.3 L- stress 159 59 1.5 0.50 05 (0.5 11 1.1 27 7 2.7 43 3 4.3 5. m- ( 03 0.3 19 9 1.9 23 2. 13 1. 0.5 (0. 4. 0.

RESUMO A salinidade é um dos estresses abióticos que afeta as trocas gasosas e o crescimento de romãzeira. Neste sentido, à aplicação de adubo nitrogenado via foliar poderá minimizar estes efeitos. Com isso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação foliar com nitrogênio em mudas de romã irrigadas com águas salobra. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial incompleto (Composto Central de Box), sendo cinco condutividade elétrica da água - CEa (0,50; 1,15; 2,75; 4,35 e 5,00 dS m-1) e cinco doses de adubação nitrogenada via foliar - ANF (0; 0,33; 1,15; 1,97 e 2,30 g L-1), com quatro repetições. A salinidade da água de irrigação afeta negativamente as trocas gasosas de mudas de romãzeira. A adubação nitrogenada foliar até 1,31 g L-1 melhora o crescimento em altura e no número de folhas em mudas de romãzeira sob estresse salino. Adubação nitrogenada foliar até a dose de 1,59 g L-1 aumenta a fotossíntese das mudas de romãzeira. sentido efeitos isso salobra casualizados Composto Box, Box , Box) 0,50 050 0 50 (0,50 1,15 115 1 15 2,75 275 2 75 435 4 35 4,3 500 5 00 5,0 m1 m m-1 (0 0,33 033 33 197 97 1,9 230 30 2,3 L1, L1 L L-1) repetições 131 31 1,3 L- salino 159 59 1,5 0,5 05 (0,5 1,1 11 2,7 27 7 43 3 4, 5, m- ( 0,3 03 19 9 1, 23 2, 13 0, (0,

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n12p958-965

Influence on clinical biochemistry values of black-tufted marmosets (Callithrix penicillata) anesthetized with isoflurane or sevoflurane blacktufted black tufted Callithrix penicillata
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Costa, A.

; Soares, D.R.

; Borella, C.O.

; Dietze, W.

; Uliana, A.S.

; Moraes, A.N.

; Saito, M.E.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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Jul 2023, Volumen 75 Nº 4 Paginas 644 - 650

Resumen: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical biochemistry behavior of Black-Tufted Marmosets (Callithrix penicillatta) submitted to blood collection without sedation and after general anesthesia with anesthetics isoflurane or sevoflurane. Blood collections were performed on (M1) day before anesthesia by physical restraint, and (M2) after anesthesia. There were four groups: Isoflurane (GI) and Sevoflurane (GS) using an anesthetic box. GIM: isoflurane induction with mask for a shorter period. Control group (GP): physical restraint in both moments. Plasma was separated and frozen to measure clinic biochemistry values. Urea was higher at M2 in groups GI and GP. AST was higher in M2 in GI, GS, and GP and only GI showed an increase in CK in M2. Glucose was higher in M1 in the GI, GS, and GP groups and fructosamine was higher in M2 in the GI. Stress caused by physical restraint can cause biochemical changes and these must be considered when interpreting the exams. Both the inhalational anesthetic isoflurane and sevoflurane did not cause clinically significant changes in clinical biochemistry results. BlackTufted Black Tufted Callithrix penicillatta M (M1 (M2 (GI GS (GS box GIM period (GP) moments values exams results (M (GP

RESUMO O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o comportamento da bioquímica clínica de saguis-do-tufo-preto (Callithrix penicillatta) submetidos à coleta sanguínea sem sedação e após anestesia geral, com os anestésicos isoflurano ou sevoflurano. As coletas de sangue foram realizadas: (M1) dia antes da anestesia por contenção física e (M2) após anestesia. Foram definidos quatro grupos: isoflurano (GI) e sevoflurano (GS), utilizando caixa anestésica; GIM: indução com isoflurano com máscara por um período menor; grupo controle (GCF): contenção física em ambos os momentos. O plasma com EDTA foi separado e congelado para realizar dosagem da bioquímica clínica. A ureia foi maior no M2 nos grupos GI e GCF. A AST foi maior no M2 nos GI, GS e GCF e somente o GI apresentou aumento de CK no M2. A glicose foi maior no M1 nos grupos GI, GS e GCF, e a frutosamina foi maior no M2 no GI. O estresse causado pela contenção física pode causar alterações bioquímicas e essas devem ser levadas em consideração na interpretação dos exames. Tanto o anestésico inalatório isoflurano quanto o sevoflurano não causaram alterações clinicamente significantes nos resultados da bioquímica clínica. saguisdotufopreto saguis do tufo preto Callithrix penicillatta geral realizadas M (M1 (M2 (GI GS, , (GS) anestésica GIM menor (GCF) momentos exames (M (GS (GCF

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12908

Foliar nitrogen fertilization attenuating harmful effects of salt stress on purple basil
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Nóbrega, Jackson S.

; Silva, Toshik I. da

; Lopes, Adriano S.

; Costa, Raimundo N. M.

; Ribeiro, João E. da S.

; Silva, Edcarlos C. da

; Bezerra, Ana C.

; Silva, Antônio V. da

; Dias, Thiago J.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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Jun 2023, Volumen 27 Nº 6 Paginas 472 - 479

Resumen: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Salinity can have detrimental effects on plant development. To minimize this damage, strategies such as balanced maintenance of plants’ nutritional status have been proposed previously. The objective of this study is to investigate whether the optimization of foliar nitrogen fertilization can promote the growth and photochemical efficiency of purple basil subjected to salt stress. The experiment was performed using a randomized block design with an incomplete 5 × 5 factorial arrangement generated through experimental matrix Central Composite Design with two parameters: salinity of irrigation water at 0.5, 0.81, 2.75, 4.69, and 5.50 dS m-1; and nitrogen doses at 0, 58.58, 200, 341.42, and 400 mg L-1. It was found that an increase in the salinity of irrigation water reduced the growth and photochemical efficiency of purple basil. However, the foliar application of nitrogen at the concentration of 400 mg L-1 attenuated the harmful effects of salinity on both the absolute and relative growth rates of stem diameter, the relative growth of plant height, and chlorophyll A fluorescence. These results showed that foliar nitrogen fertilization is a suitable strategy to help mitigate salt stress in basil plants. development damage plants previously parameters 05 0 0.5 081 81 0.81 275 2 75 2.75 469 4 69 4.69 550 50 5.5 m1 m 1 m-1 5858 58 58.58 200 34142 341 42 341.42 40 L1. L1 L 1. However L- diameter height fluorescence 0. 08 8 0.8 27 7 2.7 46 6 4.6 55 5. m- 585 58.5 20 3414 34 341.4 2. 4. 58. 3 341.

RESUMO A salinidade pode promover efeitos danosos ao desenvolvimento vegetal, sendo o necessário o uso de estratégias para minimizar os danos promovidos, como a manutenção equilibrada do estado nutricional da planta. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada foliar e da salinidade no crescimento e eficiência fotoquímica de manjericão roxo. O experimento foi conduzido com o delineamento de blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial incompleto 5 × 5 (salinidades da água de irrigação: 0,5; 0,81; 2,75; 4,69 e 5,50 dS m-1 × doses de nitrogênio: 0; 58,58; 200; 341,42 e 400 mg L-1), gerados através da matriz experimental Composto Central de Box. O aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação reduz o crescimento e a eficiência fotoquímica das plantas de manjericão roxo. Todavia, a aplicação foliar de 400 mg L-1 de N atenuou os efeitos deletérios da salinidade sobre as taxas de crescimento absoluto e relativo para o diâmetro do caule e relativo para a altura de plantas, assim como na fluorescência da clorofila a. Esses resultados mostram que a adubação foliar nitrogenada é uma estratégia para mitigar o estresse salino em plantas de manjericão. vegetal promovidos planta Assim roxo casualizados salinidades 0,5 05 0 0,81 081 81 2,75 275 2 75 469 4 69 4,6 550 50 5,5 m1 m 1 m- nitrogênio 58,58 5858 58 200 34142 341 42 341,4 40 L1, L1 L , L-1) Box Todavia L- 0, 0,8 08 8 2,7 27 7 46 6 4, 55 5, 58,5 585 20 3414 34 341, 2, 58, 3

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n6p472-479

Efecto multivariado de mezclas de fertilizantes orgánicos e inorgánicos sobre el crecimiento de Lactuca sativa L.
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Pajuelo, Luis

; Minchon-Medina, Carlos A.

; Paredes-López, Lilian R.

Manglar

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Abr 2023, Volumen 20 Nº 2 Paginas 131 - 137

Resumen: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to evaluate the multivariate effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer mixtures on growth of Lactuca sativa L. For this purpose, a complete multivariate randomized design was performed, with 5 replicates in 20 parcels, to which the treatments were randomly distributed. The data on the number of leaves per plant and the height of lettuce was obtained at harvest in the study field where the experiment was conducted. The compliance with the basic assumptions of normality and multivariate homogeneity of the experimental residuals was significantly demonstrated, evidencing the adequacy of the model. Likewise, the levels of organic and inorganic fertilizers had significant effects on the number of leaves and height of the lettuce plant collectively and individually.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto multivariado de mezclas de fertilizantes orgánicos e inorgánicos sobre el crecimiento de Lactuca sativa L. Para ello, se realizó un diseño completo multivariado al azar, con 5 repeticiones en 20 parcelas, a las que se distribuyeron los tratamientos al azar. Los datos sobre el número de hojas por planta y la altura de la lechuga se obtuvieron en el momento de la cosecha en el campo de estudio donde se realizó el experimento. Se demostró significativamente el cumplimiento de los supuestos básicos de normalidad y homogeneidad multivariante de los residuos experimentales, evidenciando la adecuación del modelo. Asimismo, los niveles de fertilizantes orgánicos e inorgánicos tuvieron efectos significativos sobre el número de hojas y la altura de la planta de lechuga de forma colectiva e individual.

https://doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2023.015

Photochemical and phytomass aspects of pomegranate seedlings grown under water salinity and foliar nitrogen fertilization
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Nóbrega, Jackson Silva

; Fátima, Reynaldo Teodoro de

; Ferreira, Jean Telvio Andrade

; Ribeiro, João Everthon da Silva

; Silva, Toshik Iarley da

; Lima, Geovani Soares de

Revista Ambiente & Água

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2023, Volumen 18 elocation e2910

Resumen: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Pomegranate is a fruit with potential for exploitation in the Brazilian Northeast as medicine and food. However, the qualitative and quantitative scarcity of water resources is common in this region, requiring the use of water with high salt contents in irrigated agriculture. The adoption of strategies to reduce the harmful effects of salt stress in plants is therefore necessary, and foliar nitrogen (N) fertilization is a promising alternative. The objective of the work, therefore, was to evaluate the photochemical and phytomass aspects of pomegranate seedlings grown under irrigation water salinity and foliar nitrogen fertilization. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design, in an incomplete factorial scheme, with five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw (0.50, 1.15, 2.75, 4.35 and 5.00 dS m-1) and five nitrogen doses - N (0.0, 0.33, 1.15, 1.97 and 2.30 g L-1), totaling nine combinations, generated by the Central Composite Design, with four repetitions and two plants per repetition. Foliar N application at a dose of 1.37 g L-1 increased the production of leaf and root dry phytomass at 90 days after emergence. Salt stress reduced the photochemical activity and phytomass production of pomegranate seedlings, while there was a stimulus by increasing N application up to 2.3 g L-1. food However region agriculture necessary (N alternative work design scheme 0.50, 050 0 50 (0.50 115 1 15 1.15 275 2 75 2.75 435 4 35 4.3 500 5 00 5.0 m1 m m-1 0.0, (0.0 033 33 0.33 197 97 1.9 230 30 L1, L1 L , L-1) combinations Design repetition 137 37 1.3 L- 9 emergence 23 3 2. L1. 1. 0.50 05 (0.5 11 1.1 27 7 2.7 43 4. 5. m- 0.0 (0. 03 0.3 19 13 0.5 0. (0 (

Resumo A romã é uma fruteira com potencial de exploração no Nordeste brasileiro com potencial de uso como composto medicinal e na alimentação. Porém, a escassez qualitativa e quantitativa dos recursos hídricos é comum nesta região, sendo necessário o uso de águas com elevados teores de sais na agricultura irrigada. Assim, é necessário a adoção de estratégias para reduzir os efeitos deletérios do estresse salino sobre as plantas, sendo a adubação foliar nitrogenada uma alternativa promissora. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os aspectos fotoquímicos e as fitomassas da romãzeira em função da salinidade da água de irrigação e adubação foliar de nitrogênio (N). O experimento foi realizado em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial incompleto, com cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água - CEa (0,50; 1,15; 2,75; 4,35 e 5,00 dS m-1) e cinco doses de nitrogênio - N (0,0; 0,33; 1,15; 1,97 e 2,30 g L-1), totalizando nove combinações, gerados pela matrix Composto Central de Box, com quatro repetições e duas plantas por repetição. A aplicação foliar de N na dose de 1,37 g L-1, aumentou a produção de fitomassa seca de folhas e da raiz, aos 90 dias após a emergência. O estresse salino reduziu a atividade fotoquímica e a produção de fitomassa das plantas de romã, enquanto houve um estimulo pela aplicação crescente de N até 2,3 g L-1. alimentação Porém região irrigada Assim promissora N. . (N) casualizados incompleto 0,50 050 0 50 (0,50 1,15 115 1 15 2,75 275 2 75 435 4 35 4,3 500 5 00 5,0 m1 m m-1 0,0 (0,0 0,33 033 33 197 97 1,9 230 30 L1, L1 L , L-1) combinações Box repetição 137 37 1,3 1, L-1 raiz 9 emergência 23 3 2, L1. 1. (N 0,5 05 (0,5 1,1 11 2,7 27 7 43 4, 5, m- 0, (0, 0,3 03 19 13 L- (0 (

https://doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2910

10.

A new ROV storage device for deep-sea sampling deepsea deep sea
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REIS, ESTÉFANE C.

; ROCHA, IAN V. DA

; CURBELO-FERNANDEZ, MARIA PATRICIA

; SILVA, PRISCILA R. DA

; REYNIER, MARCIA V.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volumen 95 Nº 3 elocation e20220391

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Sampling deep-sea biota is a significant challenge because of the logistics required, in terms of vessels and equipment, to obtain minimally preserved specimens. Traditional methods (trawls, nets, and dredges) cause physical damage, stress, and even contamination during the process of removal from the seabed and their displacement through the water column to the surface. Preserving conditions similar to those found in situ is particularly important when the sampling strives to maintain living organisms and for analyses where contamination or degradation by stress or damage may interfere with the results. Therefore, for the sampling and storage of this biota with less interference, a polypropylene box was designed based on the model of Kellogg et al. (2009) incorporating adaptations to be used by a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV). This new device has been successfully used in eight oceanographic campaigns, adequately performing for sediment and biota sampling, including coral reef forming or framework species (Scleractinia), octocorals, associated fauna, and rhodoliths, at depths between 50 and 900 m. deepsea deep sea required equipment specimens trawls, trawls (trawls nets dredges surface results Therefore interference al 2009 (2009 ROV. ROV . (ROV) campaigns Scleractinia, Scleractinia , (Scleractinia) octocorals fauna rhodoliths 5 90 m 200 (200 (ROV (Scleractinia 9 20 (20 2 (2 (

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320220391

11.

Multidisciplinary Scientific Cruises for Environmental Characterization in the Santos Basin – Methods and Sampling Design
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Moreira, Daniel L.

; Dalto, Adriana G.

; Figueiredo JR, Alberto G.

; Valerio, Aline M.

; Detoni, Amalia M. S.

; Bonecker, Ana C. T.

; Signori, Camila N.

; Namiki, Cláudia

; Sasaki, Dalton K.

; Pupo, Daniel V.

; Silva, Danilo A.

; Kutner, Deborah S.

; Duque-Castaño, Diana C.

; Marcon, Eduardo H.

; Gallotta, Fabiana D. C.

; Paula, Fabiana S.

; Gallucci, Fabiane

; Roque, Gabriela C. F.

; Campos, Giulia S.

; Fonseca, Gustavo

; Mattos, Gustavo

; Lavrado, Helena P.

; Silveira, Ilson C. A. da

; Costa, Jessica O.

; Santos Filho, João R. dos

; Carneiro, Juliane C.

; Moreira, Julio C.F.

; Rozo, Laura

; Araujo, Leandro F.M.

; Lazzari, Letícia

; Silva, Letícia O. da

; Michelazzo, Luan S.

; Fernandes, Luciano F.

; Dottori, Marcelo

; Araújo Jr., Marcus A. G. de

; Chuqui, Mateus G.

; Ceccopieri, Milena

; Borges-Silva, Milton

; Kampel, Milton

; Bergo, Natascha M.

; Silva, Paulo V. M.

; Tura, Pedro M.

; Moura, Rafael B. de

; Romano, Renato G.

; Martins, Renato P.

; Carreira, Renato S.

; Toledo, Rodrigo G.A.

; Bonecker, Sérgio L.C.

; Disaró, Sibelle T.

; Rodrigues, Silvana V.

; Corbisier, Thais N.

; Vicente, Thaisa M.

; Paiva, Vitor G. de

; Pellizari, Vivian H.

; Belo, Wellington C.

; Brandini, Frederico P.

; Sousa, Silvia H.M

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volumen 71 Supl. 3 elocation e23022

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The Santos Basin (SB) is the main petroliferous basin in the Brazilian continental margin and one of the most studied marine areas in Brazil. However, historical data suggest that new efforts should be carried out to acquire quantitative biological data, especially in the deep sea, to establish the baseline of essential ocean variables in different ecosystems for future monitoring programs. The Brazilian energy company Petrobras planned and executed 24 oceanographic cruises over a period of 2 years to assess the benthic (SANSED cruise) and pelagic (SANAGU cruise) systems of the SB (356 days at sea in 2019 and 2021/2022). These efforts were part of the Santos Project, which comprised a comprehensive environmental study aimed at investigating benthic and pelagic variables to characterize ecology, biogeochemistry, thermohaline properties of water masses, and ocean circulation patterns, geomorphology, and sedimentology, as well as organic and inorganic chemistry. Here we present the detailed sampling designs and the field methods employed on board, during the SB scientific cruises. All sampling protocols were based on standardized approaches. For the benthos analyses, triplicate sediment samples were performed using a GOMEX-type box corer (0.25 m²) or a large modified Van Veen grab (0.75 m²) at 100 stations ranging from 25 to 2400 m depth. At each station, 25 geochemical and physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in addition to micro-, meio-, and macrofauna and living foraminifera samples. For the pelagic system, 60 stations were selected to investigate the plankton community, ranging in size from pico- to macroplankton, through vertical, horizontal, and oblique net hauls (20, 200, and 500 μm mesh size), as well as 25 biogeochemical parameters collected with an aid of a CTD-rosette sampler. Part of this scientific information also serves the Regional Environmental Characterization Project (PCR-BS) in support of Petrobras’ Santos Basin drilling licensing process led by the Brazilian Environmental Agency – IBAMA. This project contributes to the sustainable development of the SB, in line with the guidelines of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. (SB Brazil However programs SANSED cruise SANAGU 356 (35 201 2021/2022. 20212022 2021/2022 . 2021 2022 2021/2022) ecology biogeochemistry masses patterns geomorphology sedimentology chemistry board approaches analyses GOMEXtype GOMEX type 0.25 025 0 (0.2 m² 0.75 075 75 (0.7 10 240 depth station physicochemical physico chemical micro, micro , micro- meio, meio meio- system 6 community pico macroplankton vertical horizontal 20, 20 (20 200 50 size, size) CTDrosette CTD rosette sampler PCRBS PCR BS (PCR-BS IBAMA Development 35 (3 2021202 2021/202 202 0.2 02 (0. 0.7 07 7 1 (2 5 3 ( 202120 2021/20 0. (0 20212 2021/2 2021/

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.22072dlm

12.

Flight radius and climatic conditions affect the external activity of stingless bee Melipona rufiventris (Lepeletier, 1836) Lepeletier, Lepeletier (Lepeletier 1836 183 18 1
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Freitas, P. V. D. X.

; Faquinello, P.

; Arnhold, E.

; Ferro, D. A. C.

; Ferro, R. A. C.

; Lacerda, M. L. G.

; Leite, P. R. S. C.

; Silva Neto, C. M.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volumen 83 elocation e275645

Resumen: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract The objective of this study was to verify the flight radius and the influence of the climatic season and period of the day on the external activity of Melipona rufiventris bees. The forager bees were released at different distances to evaluate the flight radius. The following were considered for external activities in the four different seasons of the year (Winter, Autumn, Spring, Summer): the entry with no apparent load was considered as nectar/water, entry with defined and opaque mass in the corbicula was considered as pollen, the entry with undefined and shiny mass in the corbicula was considered as resin/clay or bee exit no load and removal of debris, mass trapped by the jaws. Assessments were performed between 6 am and 6 pm each month. M. rufiventris can reach distances of 2 500 meters, however the return decreases as the distance increases. The species performs all activities in and out of the colony during all seasons of the year and periods between 6 am and 6 pm but reduce nectar/water collection and exit from the box without apparent load and with debris between 6:00 am and 10 am in winter. It is concluded that distances greater than 1 500 meters hinder the external activity of bees which is influenced by air temperature, air humidity, time of day, season of the year and food availability. Winter, Winter (Winter Autumn Spring Summer Summer) nectarwater nectar water pollen resinclay resin clay jaws month M 50 increases 600 00 6:0 winter temperature humidity availability 5 60 0 6:

Resumo Objetivou-se com esse estudo verificar o raio de voo e a influência da estação climática e período do dia na atividade externa das abelhas Melipona rufiventris. As abelhas forrageiras foram soltas em diferentes distâncias para avaliar o raio de voo. Para as atividades externas nas quatro diferentes estações do ano (Inverno, Outono, Primavera, Verão) foram consideradas: a entrada sem carga aparente como néctar/água, a entrada com massa definida e opaca na corbícula caracterizada como pólen, a entrada com massa indefinida e brilhante na corbícula caracterizada como resina/argila ou ainda a saída de abelha sem carga e remoção de detritos, massa presa pelas mandíbulas. As avaliações foram realizadas entre 6h e 18h de cada mês. M. rufiventris pode atingir distâncias de 2500 metros, porém o retorno diminui à medida que a distância aumenta. A espécie realiza todas as atividades dentro e fora da colônia durante todas as estações do ano e períodos entre 6h e 18h, mas reduz a coleta de néctar/água e saída caixa sem carga aparente e com detritos entre 6h e 10h no inverno. Conclui-se que distâncias superiores a 1500 metros reduzem a atividade externa das abelhas que é influenciada pela temperatura e umidade do ar, hora do dia, estação do ano e disponibilidade de alimentos. Objetivouse Objetivou se Inverno, Inverno (Inverno Outono Primavera Verão consideradas néctarágua néctar água pólen resinaargila resina argila mandíbulas h mês M 250 aumenta inverno Concluise Conclui 150 ar alimentos 25 15 2 1

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.275645

13.

Community structure of the benthic macrofauna along the continental slope of Santos Basin and São Paulo plateau, SW Atlantic plateau
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Moura, Rafael Bendayan de

; Dalto, Adriana Galindo

; Sallorenzo, Ilana de Azevedo

; Moreira, Daniel Leite

; Lavrado, Helena Passeri

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volumen 71 Supl. 3 elocation e23032

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Continental margins usually have a high degree of environmental heterogeneity, which, in turn, promotes high benthic biodiversity. The South-Southeast regions concentrate the most well-mapped areas of the Brazilian continental margin regarding seafloor geomorphology and physical oceanography. However, the structure of the soft-sediment benthic fauna of the continental slope is still unknown. Characterization and understanding of the Brazilian continental slope biota are imperative since human activities are increasing in the last decades, especially after the discovery of the pre-salt reservoir in Santos Basin. In this study, we aimed to establish a baseline of the spatial distribution of the benthic macrofaunal communities regarding their latitudinal and bathymetric patterns in the Santos Basin to support future environmental monitoring activities in the region. As part of the Santos Project – The Santos Basin Regional Environmental Characterization (PCR-BS) – coordinated by CENPES/PETROBRAS, a benthic oceanographic cruise was carried out in 2019. Sediment samples were collected using a GOMEX-type box corer in 47 stations distributed in eight transects (400– 2,400 m depth range). In total, 12 additional stations (1,300–2,200 m) were defined to cover an area where oil and gas are exploited. Our results showed that macrofaunal assemblages of the Santos Basin present strong depth zonation related to changes in organic matter input, as well as to temperature, carbonate, and grain size. At local scale, the northern sector stood out for having a higher abundance of macrofauna in the upper slope (400 m) and it probably reflects the oceanographic processes and the organic enrichment caused by the upwelling events that occur at Cabo Frio region. The zonation pattern and the dominance of some polychaete, peracarid crustacean, and bivalve families were similar to other SE Brazilian continental margins. heterogeneity which turn biodiversity SouthSoutheast South Southeast wellmapped mapped oceanography However softsediment soft sediment unknown decades presalt pre salt study region PCRBS PCR BS (PCR-BS CENPESPETROBRAS CENPES PETROBRAS CENPES/PETROBRAS 2019 GOMEXtype GOMEX type 4 400– 400 2400 2 2,40 range. range . range) total 1 1,300–2,200 13002200 300 200 (1,300–2,20 exploited input temperature carbonate size scale (40 polychaete crustacean 201 40 240 2,4 1,300–2,20 1300220 30 20 (1,300–2,2 (4 24 2, 1,300–2,2 130022 3 (1,300–2, ( 1,300–2, 13002 (1,300–2 1,300–2 1300 (1,300– 1,300– 130 (1,300 1,300 13 (1,30 1,30 (1,3 1,3 (1, 1, (1

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.22091rbdm

14.

Standardization of the Radiographic Study of the Foot Using the Niza Box
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Fernandes, João Vitor de Castro

; Oliveira, Lucas Pena de

; Fernandes, Pedro Agner Aguiar

; Niza, Altair Carlos

; Cerqueira, Ana Luiza de Souza Lima

Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia

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2023, Volumen 58 Nº 6 Paginas 847 - 853

Resumen: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Objective This study proposes the Niza box, a device created to reduce interpretive errors among professionals and facilitate the correct positioning of structures by standardizing orthopedic radiography of the foot in anteroposterior, loaded, and Saltzman views. Methods Descriptive study based on material collected at an Orthopedics Ambulatory from a tertiary service in a large Brazilian city. The X-ray device was a Lotus X, model HF 500 M, 500 milliamperes and 125 kilovolts capacity, 100 cm focus-film distance, and 24 × 30 cm radiographic chassis. Device controls were set at 100 mA, 5 mA/sec, and 60 kilovolts, depending on the variable size of the foot. The same team of previously trained radiography technicians performed the tests under the authors' supervision. The chassis were positioned in three specific Niza box spaces per the proposed incidence. Data from 50 images from people between 18 and 70 years old were analyzed. Results Radiographs taken using the proposed device usually had a satisfactory quality, allowing correct identification of the anatomical elements of the foot and ankle and angular reconstruction. Small image variations due to foot size were acceptable and expected, allowing radiograph standardization. Conclusion The Niza box is a good method for minimizing interference and avoiding radiographic interpretation errors, providing quality and agility to the examination, and reducing cost and unnecessary repetitions. It is an innovative, low-cost device made of recyclable and biodegradable material. anteroposterior loaded views city Xray X ray M 12 capacity 10 focusfilm focus film distance 2 3 mA mAsec sec mA/sec 6 authors supervision incidence 1 7 analyzed reconstruction expected standardization examination repetitions innovative lowcost low

Resumo Objetivo Este estudo propõe a utilização da Caixa Niza, dispositivo criado com a finalidade de diminuir os erros interpretativos entre profissionais e facilitar o correto posicionamento das estruturas radiografadas ao padronizar as incidências radiográficas ortopédicas do pé anteroposterior, perfil com carga e Saltzman. Métodos Pesquisa descritiva, material coletado em Ambulatório de Ortopedia em serviço terciário de cidade brasileira de grande porte. Utilizado aparelho de radiografia marca Lotus X, modelo HF 500M, capacidade de 500 miliamperes e 125 quilovolts, distância foco-filme de 100cm, chassi radiográfico 24×30 cm e os comandos do aparelho ajustados para 100 mA, 5mA/seg e 60 quilovolts dependendo do tamanho variável dos pés. Exames realizados pela mesma equipe de técnicos em radiografia previamente treinados com supervisão dos autores. O chassi é posicionado em três espaços específicos da Caixa conforme a incidência proposta. Foram analisados dados de 50 imagens de pessoas entre 18 e 70 anos. Resultados A avaliação das radiografias após utilização do dispositivo proposto ocorreu de modo geral com qualidade satisfatória, permitindo correta identificação dos elementos anatômicos do pé e tornozelo e reconstrução angular. Pequenas variações nas imagens devido ao tamanho dos pés são aceitáveis e esperadas, sendo possível perceber padronização das radiografias. Conclusão A Caixa proposta se mostra um bom método de minimizar as interferências e evitar erros de interpretação radiográfica, proporcionando qualidade e agilidade ao exame, diminuindo custo e repetições desnecessárias. É inovador, um dispositivo de baixo custo, de material reciclável e biodegradável. Niza anteroposterior Saltzman descritiva porte X 500M M 12 focofilme foco filme 100cm 2430 24 30 24×3 10 mA 5mAseg mAseg 5mA seg 6 autores 5 1 7 anos satisfatória angular esperadas radiográfica exame desnecessárias inovador biodegradável 243 2 3 24×

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1771486

15.

Regulation of Video Gaming Loot Boxes: Lessons for South Africa from Abroad
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van der Westhuizen, E

; Carnelley, M

Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal (PELJ)

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2023, Volumen 26 Nº 1 Paginas 1 - 73

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

To optimise income, video game developers incorporate microtransactions into their games. One such microtransaction is a loot box. This is a container that a gamer in certain instances can win or purchase to take a chance on the unknown contents in the hope of obtaining an item that may be useful in the progression of the game. In the case of tradable loot boxes, these items won can also be traded or sold for cash either during the game or on a third-party marketplace. Research has shown that loot boxes are potentially harmful to minors and that there is possibly a link between loot boxes and problem gambling. The labelling of the games seems inadequate as it does not always warn gamers and/or parents of the potentially harmful content. It has also been argued that these loot boxes are an example of the convergence between gambling and gaming in that gambling and gambling-like opportunities are becoming more prevalent in video games. Notwithstanding existing research, the industry has not been forthcoming in addressing these problems. There are some exceptions where the developers amended their games after the gaming community reacted negatively to the introduction of loot boxes or when forced to do so by regulations or other third-party service providers. The call for self-regulation by the industry to adopt a set of ethical guidelines to address these concerns has not yielded the desired results. As a result of the lacklustre actions of the industry, some jurisdictions have addressed these problems through regulation. The mechanisms used by these jurisdictions differ, ranging from the banning of loot boxes to a mere acknowledgement of the potential problems without taking any action. Even where (tradable) loot boxes fall within the legal definition of gambling in national legislation, enforcement has been inconsistent as some argue that using gambling regulatory frameworks to protect vulnerable groups is inappropriate. After discussing these debates and global developments, the article concludes with a discussion of the current South African legal situation vis-á-vis loot boxes with specific reference to the constitutional and international law imperatives, the Film and Publications Board classifications, the consumer protection legislation, and the gambling regulatory framework. It finally provides suggestions for legal changes that may be feasible considering the lessons learnt from abroad.

https://doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2023/v26i0a13364

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