Two novel alkyl thiophene-modified pyrene derivatives (1)-(2) were created and synthesized using palladium-catalyzed Stille coupling processes and Friedel-Crafts reaction of pyrene. The polycyclic aromatic groups of the thiophene-modified pyrene were oxidized with Ag[Al(OC(CF3)3)4] to provide the insensitive radical cations 1•+-2•+ based on the alkyl thiophene-modified pyrene derivatives. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, were used to investigate their structures and properties. The pyrene moieties were the primary location of the electron spin distribution, with a little overflow onto the outer thiophene moieties. Due to the different substituent groups, free radicals 1•+ 2•+ exhibit some different properties. Compound 1•+ is the most extensive thiophene-modified pyrene radical cation that has been reported. These species are anticipated to have wide-ranging potential in the areas of optoelectronic materials and semiconductors. thiophenemodified modified 12 1 2 (1)-(2 palladiumcatalyzed palladium catalyzed FriedelCrafts Friedel Crafts AgAlOCCF334 AgAlOCCF Ag Al OC CF3 3 4 CF Ag[Al(OC(CF3)3)4 1•+2•+ 1•+-2• NMR, NMR , (NMR) EPR, EPR (EPR) UVVis UV Vis spectroscopy DFT (DFT calculations properties distribution 1• 2• reported wideranging wide ranging semiconductors (1)-( AgAlOCCF33 Ag[Al(OC(CF3)3) 1•+2• 1•+-2 (NMR (EPR (1)- AgAlOCCF3 Ag[Al(OC(CF3)3 1•+2 1•+- (1) Ag[Al(OC(CF3) (1 Ag[Al(OC(CF3 ( Ag[Al(OC(CF

ABSTRACT Introduction: a pressure ulcer is an injury that is located at the level of the skin and deeper tissues. The beginning of the appearance of pressure ulcers can constitute a major problem in the health of patients, causing physical discomfort, increasing hospitalization time and treatment costs. Objectives: describe the prevalence of hospitalized patients with pressure ulcers in the medical clinic service of the modular block of the National Hospital, 2022 - 2023. Methodology: observational, descriptive, prospective design study, which included 223 adult patients admitted to the medical clinic service of the Hospital Nacional (Itauguá, Paraguay) during the period from 2022 to 2023. Results: the prevalence found was 9.4 %. The average age was 64 years, with a predominance of males (58 %). The most frequent location of the ulcers was at the sacral level (64 %), 14 % were multiple. Cerebrovascular accident was found as a determining pathology for the development of pressure ulcers (41 %). Pressure ulcers grade 1 and 2 were the most frequent (41 % both). Conclusion: pressure ulcers are a common pathology in hospitalized patients. There are associated comorbidities, stroke being one of the most frequent.

RESUMEN Introducción: la úlcera por presión es aquella lesión que se localiza a nivel de la piel y tejidos más profundos. El comienzo de la aparición de ulceras por presión puede constituir un problema importante en la salud de los pacientes, causar molestias físicas, aumentar el tiempo de hospitalización y los costos de tratamiento. Objetivos: describir la prevalencia de pacientes internados que presentan úlceras por presión en el servicio de clínica médica del bloque modular del Hospital Nacional, 2022 a 2023. Metodología: estudio de diseño observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, que incluyó a 223 pacientes adultos internados en el Servicio de Clínica Médica del Hospital Nacional (Itauguá, Paraguay) durante el periodo de 2022 a 2023. Resultados: la prevalencia encontrada fue de 9,4 %. La edad media fue de 64 años, con predominio del sexo masculino (58 %). La localización más frecuente de las ulceras fue a nivel sacro (64 %), fueron múltiples el 14 %. Se encontró como patología determinante para el desarrollo de ulceras por presión el accidente cerebrovascular (41 %). Las ulceras por presión grado 1 y 2 fueron las más frecuentes (41 %, ambos). Conclusión: las ulceras por presión son una patología frecuente en pacientes internados. Existen comorbilidades asociadas, siendo el accidente cerebrovascular una de las más frecuentes.

Abstract Standardized Work (SW) is an approach originated in the manufacturing industry, which aims to standardize and improve the efficiency of operations cycles, based on the Lean Production Philosophy. SW has the potential to support the implementation of Location-Based Planning and Control (LBPC) as it allows balancing the workload between workers or teams, contributing to the synchronization of processes. The aim of this study is to propose a method for implementing SW as an additional element of LBPC. Design Science Research was the methodological approach adopted in this investigation and an empirical study was carried out in a real estate company, in which the method for implementing SW was conceived and implemented.The following benefits were identified in the study: increase in the degree of process standardization, improvement in process synchronization, increase in the engagement of the work force with process standards, and improvement in terms of time reliability. The main contribution of this research study has been the adaptation of SW in the construction context as an additional element of LBPC. (SW industry cycles Philosophy LocationBased Location Based LBPC (LBPC teams processes company implementedThe implemented standardization standards reliability

Resumo Trabalho Padronizado (TP) é uma abordagem originária da indústria da manufatura que visa a padronizar e melhorar a eficiência dos ciclos de operações com base na Filosofia da Produção Enxuta. O TP tem o potencial de apoiar a implementação do Planejamento e Controle Baseado em Localização (LBPC), pois permite equilibrar a carga de trabalho entre os trabalhadores ou equipes, contribuindo para a sincronização de processos. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um método para implementação do TP como um elemento adicional do LBPC. Design Science Research foi a abordagem metodológica utilizada, sendo conduzido um estudo empírico em uma empresa atuante no mercado imobiliário, na qual o método para implementação do TP foi concebido e implementado. Os seguintes benefícios foram identificados no estudo: aumento do grau de padronização das operações, melhoria na sincronização entre processos, aumento do engajamento da mão-de-obra com padrões de processo, e melhoria em termos de confiabilidade em relação a prazos. A principal contribuição desta pesquisa para o avanço do conhecimento foi a adaptação da abordagem do TP ao contexto da construção civil como um elemento adicional do LBPC. (TP Enxuta LBPC, LBPC , (LBPC) equipes processos utilizada imobiliário implementado mãodeobra mão obra processo prazos (LBPC

Abstract After performing localized repairs, it is customary to observe the reappearance of corrosion points in the region adjacent to the repaired area, a situation usually called the incipient anode phenomenon. Although there are several studies have on the subject, there are still controversial aspects regarding its causes, location, and progression over time. To investigate these gaps in knowledge, samples were molded with unrepaired chloride-contaminated substrate and repaired with repair mortar containing 0%, 10%, and 20% binder replacement with rice husk ash (RHA). Then, measurements of the electrochemical variables of density and corrosion potential were carried out, as well as the destructive inspection of part of the samples. After the measurements, an increase in corrosion rates was observed after the repair, in the repair-substrate interface. In the destructive inspection, significant deterioration also was observed in the repair-substrate interface region, as well as inside the substrate. Regarding the effect of replacing the binder with RHA, no relevant reduction in the incipient anode was identified in the mortars with 10% and 20% RHA. On the other hand, a possible reduction in the passivation capacity of mortar with 20% RHA content was noted. repairs area phenomenon subject causes location time knowledge chloridecontaminated chloride contaminated 0 0% 10 20 . (RHA) Then out repairsubstrate hand noted 1 2 (RHA

Resumo Após a realização de reparos localizados, costuma-se observar o ressurgimento de pontos de corrosão na região adjacente à área reparada, situação usualmente denominada ânodo incipiente. Embora tenham sido feitas diversas pesquisas a respeito do tema, ainda restam controversos aspectos em relação às suas causas, localização e progressão no tempo. Com objetivo de investigar essas lacunas no conhecimento, moldaram-se amostras com substrato contaminado por cloretos não reparadas e reparadas com argamassa de reparo contendo substituição de ligante por sílica de casca de arroz (SCA) nos teores de 0%, 10% e 20%. Em seguida, realizaram-se aferições das variáveis eletroquímicas de densidade e potencial de corrosão, bem como a inspeção destrutiva de parte das amostras. Após as aferições, observou-se aumento nas densidades de corrosão após o reparo, na interface substrato-reparo. Na inspeção destrutiva, também foi constatada deterioração significativa na interface reparo-substrato, bem como em algumas regiões no interior do substrato. Em relação ao efeito da substituição de ligante por SCA, não foi identificada redução relevante do ânodo incipiente nas argamassas com 10% e 20% de SCA. Por outro lado, notou-se possível redução da capacidade de passivação da argamassa com teor de 20% de SCA. localizados costumase costuma se reparada tema causas tempo conhecimento moldaramse moldaram SCA (SCA 0 0% 10 20 seguida realizaramse realizaram observouse observou substratoreparo. substratoreparo reparo. substrato-reparo reparosubstrato, reparosubstrato substrato, reparo-substrato lado notouse notou 1 2

Abstract Articulating the ethics of care and cyberfeminism, this article analyzes how imaginaries about abortion and access to abortion have changed in the central highlands of Ecuador. For this purpose, a qualitative methodology is used through semi-structured interviews with a group of young Indigenous women leaders in the province of Chimborazo. In this province, abortion has gradually ceased to be a latent and silenced issue in community agendas and has become part of the conversations of women’s groups. The article illustrates how the influence of the fourth wave of feminism and the Green Wave movement, linked to the use of social networks, has permeated certain community discourses and has influenced the possibility for young Indigenous women in this province to access information and to exercise, in the company of other women, their right to abortion. In this sense, it is concluded that the use of online social networks promotes the weaving of offline networks, which allows women, beyond their geographical location, to have more access to information and, therefore, more possibility of exercising their sexual and reproductive rights.

Resumen Articulando la ética del cuidado y el ciberfeminismo, en este artículo se analiza cómo han cambiado los imaginarios sobre el aborto y el acceso al mismo en la Sierra central del Ecuador. Para ello se emplea una metodología cualitativa a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas a un grupo de jóvenes lideresas indígenas en la provincia de Chimborazo. En dicha provincia el aborto ha ido dejando poco a poco de ser un tema latente y silenciado en las agendas comunitarias, para convertirse en parte de las conversaciones de los grupos de mujeres. Se ilustra cómo la influencia de la cuarta ola del feminismo y del movimiento Marea Verde, ligada al uso de las redes sociales, ha permeado ciertos discursos comunitarios y ha incidido en la posibilidad de que las jóvenes indígenas de esta provincia accedan a información y puedan ejercer, en compañía de otras mujeres, su derecho al aborto. En este sentido, se concluye que el uso de las redes sociales online promueve el tejido de redes offline, lo cual permite a las mujeres, más allá de su ubicación geográfica, tener más acceso a información y, por tanto, más posibilidad de ejercer sus derechos sexuales y reproductivos.

Abstract: The present work focuses on a practical application of remote control for the opening and closing of the reactive compensation tuned to the fifth harmonic at the output of the 13.8 kV distribution feeder of the Novacero S.A. electrical substation, through the migration from local control to remote control by means of a Schneider Electric U27 series recloser as a switch for its location in the yard. The process includes the use of the recloser in one-shot mode which is performed by the operator from the control room, in addition a SEL-551 protection relay is implemented which commands the recloser to open in the event of possible overcurrent faults by means of an ADVC-IOEX card located on the recloser board. This device helps to open and close the filter remotely in conjunction with the WSOS software of the equipment for the supervision and operation from a level 2 substation automation system. The result obtained through this automation system is to safeguard the safety of the operator from level 0 to level 1 automation, in addition to being able to monitor and supervise the variables measured inside the control room from level 2.

Resumen: El presente trabajo se enfoca en una aplicación práctica de control remoto para la apertura y cierre de la compensación reactiva sintonizada a la quinta armónica en la salida del alimentador de distribución a 13,8 kV de la subestación eléctrica Novacero S.A., mediante la migración de control local a control remoto por medio de un reconectador marca Schneider Electric serie U27 como interruptor para su ubicación en patio. El proceso comprende con la utilización del reconectador en modo de un solo disparo que lo realiza el operador desde el cuarto de control, además se implementa un relé de protección SEL-551 que manda abrir el reconectador ante posibles fallas por sobrecorriente por medio de una tarjeta ADVC-IOEX ubicada en el tablero del reconectador, este dispositivo ayuda a la apertura y cierre del filtro de manera remota en conjunto con el software WSOS del equipo para la supervisión y operación desde un nivel 2 de sistemas de automatización de subestaciones. El resultado obtenido mediante este sistema de automatización es precautelar y salvaguardar la seguridad del operador llevando de un nivel 0 a nivel 1 de automatización, además de poder monitorear y supervisar las variables medidas dentro del cuarto de control desde un nivel 2.

Abstract Introduction: Working memory for one property (e.g., colour) of a recently viewed object is enhanced by repeated presentation of a cue (e.g., an arrow) to remember that property before (pre-cueing) or after (retro-cueing) viewing the object. While an added cue can enhance memory, selective interference of memory can occur when an added stimulus competes for working memory processing of one property (e.g., colour) of an object more than another (e.g., location of the object). The current experiment investigated whether adding a cue, trained as a pre-cue, after the target but before a distractor stimulus will improve or interfere with memory of the target in a visuo-spatial change detection task. Method: Test trials followed the structure: coloured background (CB1), target stimulus, coloured background (CB2), distractor, and probe stimulus. Young adults (n = 22) were instructed that the colour of CB1 would signal whether to respond “same” or “different” based on the match of the identity (e.g., green) or the location (e.g., yellow) of the probe stimulus to the target stimulus. During the test, the property signalled by the colour of CB2 could be either the same as CB1, neutral, or incongruent. Control trials included the same novel colour (e.g., blue) as CB1 and CB2. Results: An analysis of d’ revealed significantly better performance during trials with CBs that signalled the need to remember the same property before the target and distractor. Conclusions: Results support the hypothesis of protection from interference by a retro-cue.

Resumen Introducción: La memoria de trabajo para las propiedades (p. ej., color) de un objeto visto recientemente se mejora mediante la presentación repetida de una señal (p. ej., una flecha) para recordar esa propiedad antes (preseñal) o después (retroseñal) del objeto. Si bien una señal adicional puede mejorar la memoria, la interferencia selectiva de la memoria puede ocurrir cuando un estímulo adicional compite por el procesamiento de la memoria de trabajo de una propiedad (p. ej., color) de un objeto más que de otra (p. ej., ubicación del objeto). Este experimento investigó si agregar una señal, previamente entrenada como señal previa, después del objetivo, pero antes de un estímulo distractor mejoraría o interferiría con la memoria del objetivo en una tarea de detección de cambios visuoespaciales. Método: Los ensayos de prueba siguieron la estructura: fondo coloreado (CB1), estímulo objetivo, fondo coloreado (CB2), distractor y estímulo de prueba. A un grupo de adultos jóvenes (n = 22) se les indicó que el color de CB1 indicaría si debían responder “igual” o “diferente” según la coincidencia de la identidad (p. ej., verde) o la ubicación (p. ej., amarillo) del estímulo de prueba en comparación con el estímulo objetivo. Durante la prueba, la propiedad señalada por el color de CB2 podría ser la misma que la de CB1, neutral o incongruente. Los ensayos de control incluyeron un color novedoso (p. ej., azul) en CB1 y CB2. Resultados: Un análisis de d’ reveló un rendimiento significativamente mejor durante las pruebas con CB que indicaban la necesidad de recordar la misma propiedad antes que el objetivo y el distractor. Conclusiones: Los resultados apoyan la hipótesis de protección contra interferencia mediante una retroseñal.

Abstract Introduction: Coryphaena hippurus is a species of commercial interest with a high migratory capacity, a characteristic that places it in tropical and subtropical environments, preferring areas with a temperature range between 21 and 30 °C and salinity close to 31 ppt. Although the population trend of C. hippurus is stable, the fishing of this resource is increasing and occupies important positions in the economy of the Eastern Tropical Pacific coastal countries, which demonstrates the need to design and strengthen conservation strategies for the adequate use of this resource. Given its location in tropical and subtropical environments, its availability and distribution could be affected by climate change. Objective: To analyze the current and future potential distribution of C. hippurus under climate change scenarios. Methods: Ten algorithms were used to model the potential distribution and current habitat suitability index of C. hippurus as a function of sea surface temperature, current salinity and velocity, and these results were then projected under the most extreme climate change scenario. Results: There were good performances with all the algorithms used, but the model generated with BIOCLIM (AUC: 0.89) was chosen because it also solves the problem of spatial and temporal bias found in the records of the species. The region of greatest habitat suitability for C. hippurus matches the oceanic fronts of the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Under future conditions of extreme climate change, the species distribution pattern indicates a contraction, relocation, and expansion of habitat south of the equator. Conclusions: Under conditions of extreme climate change, the distribution model for C. hippurus suggests a process of topicalization of marine ecosystems in the Eastern Tropical Pacific by 2100.

Resumen Introducción: Coryphaena hippurus es una especie migratoria de interés comercial, que se encuentra en ambientes tropicales y subtropicales, prefiriendo zonas con un rango de temperatura entre 21 y 30 °C y salinidad cercana a 31 ppt. Aunque la tendencia poblacional del dorado es estable, la pesquería de este recurso está aumentando y ocupa importantes posiciones en la economía de países costeros del Pacífico Oriental Tropical, evidenciándose la necesidad de diseñar y fortalecer estrategias de conservación y mejorar el aprovechamiento de este recurso. Dada su ubicación en ambientes tropicales y subtropicales, la disponibilidad y distribución de este recurso podría verse afectado a futuro por el cambio climático. Objetivo: Analizar la distribución potencial actual y futura de C. hippurus bajo condiciones de cambio climático. Métodos: Se emplearon 10 algoritmos para modelar la distribución potencial e idoneidad de hábitat actual para C. hippurus a partir de la temperatura superficial del mar, la salinidad y velocidad de las corrientes, posteriormente se proyectaron estos resultados según el escenario de cambio climático más extremo. Resultados: Hubo buenos desempeños con todos los algoritmos empleados, pero se escogió el modelo generado con BIOCLIM (AUC: 0.89) pues además resuelve el inconveniente del sesgo espacial y temporal hallado en los registros de la especie. La región de mayor idoneidad de hábitat para C. hippurus coincide con los frentes oceánicos del Pacífico Oriental Tropical. En condiciones futuras de cambio climático extremo, el modelo de distribución de la especie indica una contracción, reubicación y expansión de hábitat hacia el sur de la línea ecuatorial. Conclusiones: En condiciones de cambio climático extremo, el modelo de distribución para C. hippurus sugiere un proceso de tropicalización de los ecosistemas marinos en el Pacífico Oriental Tropical para el año 2100.

Abstract: Background: Oaxaca is a Mexican region with a high richness of pine trees. However, the specific location where it occurs and the influence of the environment on it is deficient. Questions: Where the greatest richness, diversity and endemism of Pinus species is located in Oaxaca? How does the environment influence the richness, diversity, and endemism of Pinus species in Oaxaca? Studied species: Pinus ayacahuite, Pinus chiapensis, Pinus devoniana, Pinus douglasiana, Pinus hartwegii, Pinus herrerae, Pinus lawsonii, Pinus leiophylla, Pinus maximinoi, Pinus montezumae, Pinus oocarpa, Pinus patula, Pinus pringlei, Pinus pseudostrobus, Pinus tecunumanii and Pinus teocote. Study site: Oaxaca Methods: Occurrences of pine species were collected. From these, spatial cells were delimited, and species and environmental matrices were constructed, with which canonical correspondence analysis was carried out. The richness, diversity, and endemism of pines per cell was calculated, correlating them with physical-environmental parameters. Results: 15 cells with high richness and 17 with high endemism were identified, located in the Sierra Sur, Sierra Norte and La Mixteca regions. Richness, diversity, and endemism were negatively influenced by temperature and compaction soil (r = -0.48, P < 0.01) and positively by topographic (r = 0.43, P < 0.01) and soil parameters (r = 0.45, P < 0.01). Conclusions: The Sierra Norte, Sierra Sur and La Mixteca contain the greatest richness and endemism of pine species in Oaxaca. Richness is positively and negatively related to topographic and temperature variables, respectively.

Resumen: Antecedentes: Oaxaca es una región mexicana con alta riqueza de pinos. Sin embargo, la ubicación concreta donde esta se presenta y la influencia del ambiente sobre la misma es deficiente. Preguntas: ¿Dónde se ubica la mayor riqueza, diversidad y endemismo de especies de Pinus en Oaxaca?, ¿Cómo influye el ambiente sobre la riqueza, diversidad y endemismo de especies de Pinus en Oaxaca? Especies de estudio: Pinus ayacahuite, Pinus chiapensis, Pinus devoniana, Pinus douglasiana, Pinus hartwegii, Pinus herrerae, Pinus lawsonii, Pinus leiophylla, Pinus maximinoi, Pinus montezumae, Pinus oocarpa, Pinus patula, Pinus pringlei, Pinus pseudostrobus, Pinus tecunumanii, Pinus teocote. Sitio de estudio: Oaxaca. Métodos: Se colectaron ocurrencias de especies de pino. A partir de estas se delimitaron celdas espaciales y se construyeron matrices de especies y ambientales, con las que se realizó análisis de correspondencia canónica. Se calculó la riqueza, diversidad y endemismo de pinos por celda, correlacionándolas con parámetros físico-ambientales. Resultados: Se identificaron 15 celdas con alta riqueza y 17 con alto endemismo, ubicadas en las regiones Sierra Sur, Sierra Norte y La Mixteca. La riqueza, diversidad y endemismo fueron influenciados negativamente por la temperatura y compactación del suelo (r = -0.48, P < 0.01) y positivamente por parámetros topográficos (r = 0.43, P < 0.01) y de suelo (r = 0.45, P < 0.01). Conclusiones: La Sierra Norte, Sierra Sur y La Mixteca contienen la mayor riqueza y endemismo de especies de pino en Oaxaca. La riqueza se relaciona positiva y negativamente con variables topográficas y de temperatura, respectivamente.

Abstract The association between cacti and nurse plants has been reviewed by different authors. These reviews however were qualitative because only evaluated aspects such as species identity of cacti and nurse plants, probable explanatory causes of their association, and location of study sites. To our knowledge, there are no quantitative reviews that have evaluated the association between cacti and nurse plants for different subfamilies, tribes, and growth forms of cacti and nurse plants, and different plant communities and soil properties. To address these issues, we performed a quantitative review of the studies on the association between cacti and nurse plants. The studies were searched in the ISI Web of Knowledge from 1986 to 2021. Data obtained from studies were analyzed with the relative risk ratio and ratio of medians. Most studies on the association between cacti and nurse plants were performed mainly in Mexico and the USA. Globose, cylindrical, and columnar cacti of the subfamily Cactoideae, and tribes Cacteae, Cereeae, and Echinocereeae were associated to nurse plants of Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Fabaceae. However, other subfamilies (Opuntioideae) and tribes (Notocacteae) of cacti, and families (Asparagaceae) of nurse plants were not associated. Nurse plants ameliorated temperature, moisture, and nitrogen of soil. The association between cacti and nurse plants occurred in desert shrubland and tropical dry forest. Further studies are needed on the association between cacti and nurse plants that consider more cactus subfamilies and tribes in countries with high cactus diversity in Central and South America.

Resumen La asociación entre cactáceas y plantas nodriza ha sido revisada por diferentes autores. Sin embargo, estas revisiones fueron cualitativas porque solo evaluaron las especies de cactáceas y plantas nodriza, las probables causas de su asociación y los sitios de estudio. Hasta donde sabemos, no existen revisiones cuantitativas que hayan evaluado la asociación entre cactáceas y plantas nodriza para distintas subfamilias, tribus y formas de crecimiento de cactáceas y plantas nodriza, y distintas comunidades de plantas y propiedades del suelo. Para abordar estos aspectos, realizamos una revisión cuantitativa de los estudios sobre la asociación entre cactáceas y plantas nodriza. Los estudios fueron buscados en el ISI Web of Knowledge de 1986 a 2021. Los datos fueron analizados con la razón de riesgo relativo y la razón de medianas. Los estudios sobre la asociación entre cactáceas y plantas nodriza fueron realizados en México y EUA. Las cactáceas globosas, cilíndricas y columnares de la subfamilia Cactoideae y las tribus Cacteae, Cereeae y Echinocereeae estuvieron asociadas a plantas nodriza de Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae y Fabaceae. Sin embargo, otras subfamilias (Opuntioideae) y tribus (Notocacteae) de cactáceas, y familias (Asparagaceae) de plantas nodriza no estuvieron asociadas. Las plantas nodriza mejoraron la temperatura, humedad y nitrógeno del suelo. La asociación entre cactáceas y plantas nodriza ocurrió en matorral desértico y selva baja caducifolia. Es necesario realizar estudios adicionales sobre la asociación entre cactáceas y plantas nodriza que consideren otras subfamilias y tribus de cactáceas, en países con alta diversidad de cactáceas en Centro y Sudamérica.

Abstract Background: In institutionalized elderly people, urinary tract infections are the most common, involving 12% to 30% of this population, with at least one episode per year, where several risk factors influence their occurrence. Objective: To determine the prevalence of urinary tract infections in older people institutionalized in a private institution of social solidarity and to identify the risk factors. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional, observational, and epidemiological study conducted on a convenience sample of people who are institutionalized in a private institution of social solidarity and belong to three different services. Data was collected over 8 months, and the number of patients in the different services was recorded (n = 171). Results: The institution had a urinary tract infection prevalence of 18.1%. Although more cases occurred in women (p = 0.641) and people older than 75 years (p = 0.269), there were no significant differences. Location of hospitalization was identified as a risk factor for developing a urinary tract infection (p = 0.024). Conclusion: Out of the 171 people who were institutionalized, 31 developed a urinary tract infection. It is important to adopt educational and preventive measures.

Resumo Enquadramento: Nas pessoas idosas institucionalizadas, a infeção urinária é a mais comum, envolvendo 12% a 30% desta população, com pelo menos um episódio por ano, onde diversos fatores de risco influenciam a sua ocorrência. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência das infeções urinárias em pessoas institucionalizadas numa instituição particular de solidariedade social e identificar os fatores de risco. Metodologia: Estudo epidemiológico observacional transversal. Os participantes são pessoas institucionalizadas numa instituição particular de solidariedade social e que pertencem a três valências diferentes. Amostra por conveniência. A colheita de dados realizou-se durante 8 meses, com registo do número total de utentes das várias valências (n = 171). Resultados: A prevalência de infeção urinária na instituição foi de 18,1%. Ocorreram mais casos em mulheres (p = 0,641) e em pessoas com idade superior a 75 anos (p = 0,269), mas sem diferenças significativas. O local de internamento demonstrou ter influência no risco de desenvolvimento de infeção urinária (p = 0,024). Conclusão: Das 171 pessoas internadas, 31 desenvolveram infeção urinária. São necessárias atitudes educativas e preventivas.

Resumen Marco contextual: En los ancianos institucionalizados, las infecciones del tracto urinario son las más comunes, afectando del 12% al 30% de esta población, con al menos un episodio por año, donde varios factores de riesgo influyen en su aparición. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de infecciones urinarias en personas institucionalizadas en una institución privada de solidaridad social e identificar los factores de riesgo. Metodología: Estudio epidemiológico observacional transversal. Los participantes fueron personas institucionalizadas en una institución privada de solidaridad social y pertenecientes a tres servicios diferentes. Muestra de conveniencia. Los datos se recogieron durante un período de 8 meses y se registró el número total de usuarios de los distintos centros (n = 171). Resultados: La prevalencia de infección urinaria en la institución fue del 18,1%. Hubo más casos en mujeres (p = 0,641) y en mayores de 75 años (p = 0,269), pero sin diferencias significativas. Se demostró que el lugar de hospitalización influía en el riesgo de desarrollar infección urinaria (p = 0,024). Conclusión: De las 171 personas hospitalizadas, 31 desarrollaron infección urinaria. Se necesitan actitudes educativas y preventivas.

SUMMARY: This study focuses on the review and proposal for anatomical terminology associated with the anatomical concept of Hyrtl´s porus crotaphitico-buccinatorius (PCBH), which is a passage area for the lateral divisions of the mandibular nerve in the infratemporal fossa. The objective of this research is to determine the most appropriate anatomical term from the perspective of international anatomical terminology to describe the structure known as PCBH. Furthermore, it seeks to provide solid proof, based on scientific and historical evidence that supports the correct choice of the term for international anatomical terminology in order to further precise and uniform communication in anatomy and medical science. The detailed analysis of the existing structure highlights the lack of descriptive information and the presence of eponyms. The proposed "Infratemporal Pterygoalar Foramen" is presented as a more precise alternative, supported by historical and etymological definitions. Each component of this new term is carefully selected, more accurately reflecting the location, components, shape and anatomical characteristics of the structure. This research contributes to the standardization and continuous improvement of international anatomical terminology, facilitating more effective communication in the scientific and medical field.

RESUMEN: Este estudio se centra en la revisión y propuesta para la terminología anatómica asociada al concepto anatómico de Poro Crotafítico Buccinatorio de Hyrtl (PCBH) que es un área de paso para las divisiones laterales del nervio mandibular en la fosa infratemporal. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar el término anatómico más apropiado desde la perspectiva de la terminología anatómica internacional para describir la estructura denominada PCBH. Asimismo, se busca proporcionar una justificación sólida y basada en evidencia científica e histórica que respalde la elección correcta del término para la terminología anatómica internacional, con el propósito de promover una comunicación precisa y uniforme en el campo de la anatomía y la ciencia médica. El análisis detallado de la estructura existente resalta la carencia de información descriptiva y la presencia de epónimos. La propuesta del "Foramen Infratemporal Pterigoalar" se presenta como una alternativa más precisa, respaldada por definiciones históricas y etimológicas. Cada componente de este nuevo término se selecciona cuidadosamente, reflejando con mayor precisión la ubicación, componentes, forma y características anatómicas de la estructura. Esta investigación contribuye a la estandarización y mejora continua de la terminología anatómica internacional, facilitando una comunicación más efectiva en el ámbito científico y médico.

SUMMARY: Human Macroscopic Anatomy (MHA) is the foundation of clinical knowledge for health professions. Its learning involves understanding the spatial location of body structures, the anatomical reference position, international anatomical terminology and the literacy involved in its study. The objective is to promote an understanding of the AMH through an anatomical and interactive model, which in this case is exemplified by the heart and its adjacent structures. For the proposal for the development of the anatomical model, seven phases were adopted: identification of a deficiency, search for a possible solution, definition of an objective for the construction of an anatomical model, in-depth theoretical review, proposal for creation with graphic design software, search and selection of materials and preparation of a guide for the construction of the manipulable anatomical model in 360°. Software was exported to an easy-to-print two-dimensional polygonal format, then the materials were chosen; Finally, the 360° anatomical model was assembled and the respective guides were prepared. The construction of anatomical models that are three-dimensional, favors the Teaching- Learning (E-L) processes by involving the student in building their knowledge, thereby allowing them to observe, identify, differentiate and spatially locate the anatomical structures through artistic pieces.

RESUMEN: La Anatomía Macroscópica Humana (AMH) sienta las bases del saber clínico de las profesiones de la salud. Su aprendizaje implica la comprensión de la ubicación espacial de las estructuras corporales, la posición anatómica de referencia, la terminología anatómica internacional y la literacidad implicada en su estudio. El objetivo es favorecer la comprensión de la AMH a través de un modelo anatómico e interactivo, que para este caso se ejemplifica con el corazón y sus estructuras adyacentes. Para la propuesta de desarrollo del modelo anatómico se adoptaron siete fases: identificación de una falencia, búsqueda de una posible solución, definición de un objetivo para la construcción de un modelo anatómico, revisión teórica profunda, propuesta de creación con un software de diseño gráfico, búsqueda y selección de materiales y elaboración de guía para la construcción del modelo anatómico manipulable en 360°. El software se exportó a un formato poligonal bidimensional fácil de imprimir, después se eligió los materiales; finalmente, se ensambló el modelo anatómico manipulable en 360° y se elaboraron las guías respectivas. La construcción de modelos anatómicos favoreció los procesos de Enseñanza - Aprendizaje (E-A) al involucrar al estudiante en la construcción de su conocimiento que le permitió observar, identificar, diferenciar y ubicar espacialmente las estructuras anatómicas mediante piezas artísticas.

Abstract Background Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), a human polyomavirus that is unequivocally linked to merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), has been found in association with keratinocytes carcinomas (KC), especially basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Nevertheless, there is scarce information about the possible involvement of MCPyV in the development of KC. Objectives To assess the presence of MCPyV DNA and Large-T Antigen (LT-Ag) via Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in cases of KC, and to correlate its presence with immunohistochemical markers p16, p53, and ki67, tumor type and subtype, sun-exposed location, and epidemiological data. Methods The prevalence of MCPyV DNA, LT-Ag, and immunohistochemical markers p16, p53, and ki67 was assessed by PCR and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 127 cases of KC, these results were correlated with tumor type and subtype, sun-exposed location, and epidemiological data. Results The MCPyV DNA was detected in 42.57% (43 of 101) cases by PCR, the LT-Ag was detected in 16.4% (20 of 122) of cases, p16 in 81.5% (97 of 119), p53 in 66.4% (83 of 125), ki67 in 89% (73 of 82). No correlation between MCPyV LT-Ag and DNA confronted with tumor type, subtype, location site, and immunohistochemical markers was found. A single correlation between the MCPyV LT-Ag and cSCC tumors and peri-tumoral lymphocyte cells was noted. Study limitations Further steps need to be taken to better evaluate the MCPyV influence and its possible role in KC carcinogenesis, as the evaluation of the virus genome state, the gene sequence that encodes LT-Ag in the KC tumor cells, and in situ hybridization for viral DNA or RNA in these cells. Conclusions Despite the frequent detection of MCPyV in KC, the data available so far does not support the hypothesis of a causal relationship between them. MCPyV, , (MCPyV) MCC, MCC (MCC) (KC) BCC (BCC cSCC. . (cSCC) Nevertheless LargeT Large T LTAg LT Ag (LT-Ag (PCR IHC (IHC p ki subtype sunexposed sun exposed LTAg, Ag, ki6 12 4257 42 57 42.57 43 (4 101 164 16 4 16.4 20 (2 122 p1 815 81 5 81.5 97 (9 119, 119 119) p5 664 66 66.4 83 (8 125, 125 125) 89 73 (7 82. 82 82) site peritumoral peri tumoral noted carcinogenesis state them (MCPyV (MCC (KC (cSCC 1 425 42.5 ( 10 16. 2 8 81. 9 11 6 66. 7 42.

O Recife constitui-se como uma das cidades mais violentas e desiguais do Brasil, sobretudo na ocorrência de assassinatos. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os efeitos da produção de uma cidade racialmente cindida na distribuição da ocorrência de homicídios no município do Recife. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e ecológico, cujo local de estudo foi o Recife, capital do estado de Pernambuco. O período de estudo contemplou os anos de 2012 a 2021 e a população de estudo foram as vítimas de homicídios&nbsp; provocados por disparo por arma de fogo. Para as análises, o período de estudo foi dividido em dois quinquênios. Observou-se a determinação do racismo no perfil das vítimas: pessoas do sexo masculino (95%), negras (86%), jovens (67%) e com baixa escolaridade (78%). A análise espacial realizada demonstrou pontos de maior incidência de assassinatos no Recife, setores censitários estatisticamente significante de maior risco de morte 2012-2016 (RR=5,7; p=0,031) e 2017-2021 (RR=1,8; p=0,032) e proteção 2012-2016 (RR= 0,3; p=0,001; 0,006 p=0,014) e 2017-2021 (RR=0,1; p=0,001; RR=0,1; p=0,001), &nbsp;e, a maior incidência de homicídios nos territórios com maior Indice de Privação Social (IPS).

Recife is one of the most violent and unequal cities in Brazil, especially when it comes to murders. The objective of this article is to analyze the effects of the production of a racially divided city on the distribution of homicides in the city of Recife. This is a cross-sectional and ecological study, whose study location was Recife, capital of the state of Pernambuco. The study period covered the years 2012 to 2021 and the study population were victims of homicides caused by gunshots. For the analyses, the study period was divided into two five-year periods. The determination of racism was observed in the profile of the victims: male (95%), black (86%), young (67%) and with low education (78%). The spatial analysis carried out demonstrated points of highest incidence of murders in Recife, census tracts with statistically significant highest risk in the city 2012-2016 (RR=5.7; p=0.031) and 2017-2021 (RR=1.8; p= 0.032) and protection 2012-2016 (RR= 0.3; p=0.001; 0.006 p=0.014) and 2017-2021 (RR=0.1; p=0.001; RR=0.1; p=0.001), and, the highest incidence of homicides in territories with the highest Social Deprivation Index (IPS).