In the present work, three series of cinnamic (1), p-coumaric (2) and ferulic (3) esters containing different side-chains such as ethyl (1a-3a), n-propyl (1b-3b), n-butyl (1c-3c), n-pentyl (1d-3d), n-hexyl (1e-3e), and n-heptyl (1f-3f) were prepared, tested for activity against trypomastigote forms of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and toxicity against NCTC cells. Obtained results indicated that the presence of p-coumaric or ferulic moieties associated with C4-C7 linear side-chains play an important role in the bioactivity against T. cruzi since compounds 2c-2f and 3d-3f were found to be the most active derivatives with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) value ranging from 12.8 to 1.7 μM, superior to that determined for the positive control benznidazole (EC50 = 16.4 μM). Additionally, machine learning and multivariate statistical analyses identified molecular features correlated with biological activity, emphasizing the importance of side-chain length and lipophilicity, highlighting the significance of the molecular structure of phenylpropanoid derivatives in the activity against T. cruzi. work 1, 1 , (1) pcoumaric p coumaric 2 (2 3 (3 sidechains side chains 1a3a, 1a3a aa 1a 3a (1a-3a) npropyl n propyl 1b3b, 1b3b bb 1b 3b b (1b-3b) nbutyl butyl 1c3c, 1c3c cc 1c 3c c (1c-3c) npentyl pentyl 1d3d, 1d3d dd 1d 3d d (1d-3d) nhexyl hexyl 1e3e, 1e3e ee 1e 3e e (1e-3e) nheptyl heptyl 1f3f ff 1f 3f f (1f-3f prepared cells C4C7 CC C4 C7 C C4-C T 2c2f cf 2c 2f 3d3f df EC50 EC 128 12 8 12. 17 7 1. μM (EC5 164 16 4 16. μM. . μM) Additionally sidechain chain lipophilicity (1 ( (1a-3a (1b-3b (1c-3c (1d-3d (1e-3e C4C EC5 (EC

Abstract Introduction: The COVID-19 epidemic has manifested geographically as clusters of high morbidity (hot zones) and as cold spots of low incidence, which have been explained based on social variables. Objective: To characterize morbidity patterns due to COVID-19 in Costa Rica from March 2020 to May 2022 and to explain them through social determinants of health in the geographical context. Methods: An ecological study at the district level was designed with data on vaccination against COVID-19, weekly reports on speed of advance of the epidemic, development level, and other demographic data. Thematic maps were constructed, and spatial morbidity patterns were identified and characterized, which were explained using linear and geographically weighted regression models. Results: In the Greater Metropolitan Area and surrounding area, clusters of hot spots were identified, and cold spots flanked these high-incidence areas. The linear regression model, built from the variables: average number of vaccines per person, speed in weekly case reporting, social development in its economic, educational, and health dimensions, as well as the proportion of overcrowded homes and people born in the outside, explained more than 70 % of the spatial variations of the incidence of cases (crude and standardized by age and sex). The geographically weighted model corrected autocorrelation problems, improving the explanatory capacity to 82 %. Conclusions: morbidity during the COVID-19 epidemic until May 2020 was configured spatially through well-established clusters of hot and cold spots. This structure could be explained from the social determinants of health, proving that effects on morbidity are generated, differentiated territorially.

Resumen Introducción: En distintos países, la epidemia de covid-19 se ha manifestado en el espacio geográfico como conglomerados de alta morbilidad o zonas calientes, y como conglomerados de puntos fríos de baja incidencia, los que han sido explicados a partir de variables sociales. Objetivo: Caracterizar los patrones la morbilidad de covid-19 en Costa Rica entre marzo del 2020 y mayo del 2022, y explicarlos desde los determinantes sociales de la salud en el contexto geográfico. Métodos: Se diseñó un estudio ecológico a nivel distrital, con datos sobre vacunación contra covid-19, reportes semanales sobre la velocidad de avance de la epidemia, el nivel de desarrollo, y otros datos demográficos. Se construyeron mapas temáticos, se identificaron y caracterizaron los patrones geoespaciales de la morbilidad explicados a partir de modelos de regresión lineal y geográficamente ponderada. Resultados: Se identificaron conglomerados de puntos calientes en la Gran Área Metropolitana y su entorno, y puntos fríos que flanquean esta zona de alta incidencia. El modelo de regresión lineal que incluyó el promedio de vacunas por persona, la velocidad en el reporte de casos semanal, el desarrollo social en sus dimensiones económica, educacional y sanitaria, así como la proporción de viviendas hacinadas y de personas nacidas en el exterior, explicó más del 70 % de las variaciones espaciales de la incidencia de casos (bruta y estandarizada por edad y sexo). El modelo geográficamente ponderado corrigió problemas de autocorrelación mejorando la capacidad explicativa a un 82 %. Conclusiones: La morbilidad durante la epidemia de covid-19, en Costa Rica, durante el período evaluado, se configuró mediante conglomerados espaciales de puntos calientes y fríos muy bien establecidos. Esta estructura se pudo explicar desde los determinantes sociales de la salud, comprobando que se generan efectos en la morbilidad, diferenciados territorialmente.

RESUMO. Objetivo/contexto: O recrutamento partidário é instrumento crucial de governança nas democracias contemporâneas. Os chefes de governo presidenciais e parlamentares distribuem pastas ministeriais aos membros dos partidos em troca de recursos políticos essenciais, como o apoio legislativo. Neste artigo, é explorada a relação entre a formação do governo e os partidos políticos, com partidos pouco institucionalizados. Em particular, ele procura examinar até que ponto os argumentos existentes sobre a formação de gabinetes presidenciais se sustentam quando o nível hierárquico dos ministros do partido é considerado. Metodología: Este é um estudo estatístico que utiliza modelo linear generalizado (GLM), com distribuição binomial e função de ligação logit com erros-padrão robustos. O objetivo é realizar uma exploração de causalidade para testar os indicadores originais das variáveis dependentes propostas. Conclusões: A hierarquia e o poder partidário são fatores relevantes para complementar as explicações existentes sobre as estratégias de recrutamento ministerial. Originalidade: A pesquisa comparativa sobre a formação de governos e sua conexão com os partidos políticos fez progressos significativos, concentrando-se na distinção entre ministros filiados a partidos e não filiados a partidos. Essa abordagem dicotômica negligencia a consideração da posição hierárquica dentro da estrutura partidária, aspecto fundamental do modelo de governo de partido subjacente nas democracias parlamentares. Este artigo apresenta uma medida tricotômica, que considera o nível hierárquico dos ministros.

ABSTRACT: Objective/context: Party recruitment is a crucial governance tool in contemporary democracies. Presidential and parliamentary heads of government distribute ministerial portfolios to party members in exchange for essential political resources, such as legislative support. This article explores the relationship between government formation and political parties, with parties that are not very institutionalized. In particular, it examines the extent to which arguments about presidential cabinet formation hold up when the hierarchical level of party ministers is considered. Methodology: This statistical study uses a generalized linear model (GLM) with a binomial distribution and a logit link function with robust standard errors. It aims to carry out causality exploration to test the original indicators of the proposed dependent variables. Conclusions: Hierarchy and partisan powers are relevant factors to complement existing explanations of ministerial recruitment strategies. Originality: Comparative research on government formation and its connection to political parties has made significant progress, focusing on the distinction between ministers affiliated and not affiliated with a party. However, this dichotomous approach neglects consideration of the hierarchical position within the party structure, a fundamental aspect of the governing party model underlying parliamentary democracies. This article presents a trichotomous measure that considers the hierarchical level of ministers.

RESUMEN: Objetivo/contexto: El reclutamiento partidario constituye un instrumento de gobernanza crucial en las democracias contemporáneas. Los jefes de gobierno, presidencialistas y parlamentarios, distribuyen carteras ministeriales entre miembros de partidos, a cambio de recursos políticos esenciales, como el soporte legislativo. Este artículo explora la relación entre la formación de los Gobiernos y los partidos políticos, con partidos poco institucionalizados. En particular, se busca examinar en qué medida se sostienen las argumentaciones existentes sobre la formación de gabinetes presidenciales cuando se considera el nivel jerárquico de los ministros partidarios. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio estadístico que utiliza un modelo lineal generalizado (GLM), con una distribución binomial y una función de enlace tipo logit con errores estándar robustos. El objetivo es realizar una exploración de causalidad para testear los indicadores originales de las variables dependientes propuestas. Conclusiones: La jerarquía y los poderes partidarios son factores relevantes para complementar las explicaciones existentes sobre las estrategias de reclutamiento ministerial. Originalidad: La investigación comparativa sobre la formación de los Gobiernos y su conexión con los partidos políticos ha experimentado un avance significativo centrándose en la distinción entre ministros afiliados y no afiliados a un partido. Este enfoque dicotómico descuida la consideración de la posición jerárquica dentro de la estructura partidaria, un aspecto fundamental del modelo de gobierno de partido subyacente en las democracias parlamentarias. Este artículo presenta una medida tricotómica que considera el nivel jerárquico de los ministros.

Resumen: El método de análisis estático no lineal ha facilitado modelos más cercanos a la respuesta estructural para fuertes movimientos sísmicos. Por lo tanto, se desarrolló una evaluación del desempeño sísmico de un edificio de sala multiusos ubicado en una universidad nacional pública de Chiclayo-Perú, aplicando el análisis estático no lineal, la cual contiene dos módulos semejantes de 3 niveles c/u con plantas irregulares. El sistema estructural de la edificación es de muros portantes. Fue construida en el año 2010 y fue diseñada de acuerdo a la E.030 (Norma sismo resistente peruana) y con la microzonificación sísmica de Perú. Para efectos prácticos, tomando en consideración la simetría de la estructura global, se evaluó uno de los módulos utilizando métodos no lineales que puedan simular el efecto de sismos. Este desarrollo incluía la aplicación de un análisis lineal para establecer los espectros de respuesta y a partir de ello ejecutar el análisis no lineal Pushover. En base a los resultados, se determinó el desempeño en las dos direcciones, tomando en cuenta los niveles de desempeño de la HAZUS y VISION 2000. Los resultados muestran que la edificación tiene un desempeño de "Seguridad de vida " y "Cerca al colapso " en la dirección X y Y respectivamente; además de ello, las derivas muestran una estrecha relación con los datos de desempeño, pues HAZUS demuestra que las derivas en Y no son favorables; por lo tanto, se determinó que es necesario que se ejecute un reforzamiento estructural de la edificación para mejorar el comportamiento desfavorable.

Abstract: The nonlinear static analysis method has facilitated models that are closer to the structural response for strong seismic movements. Therefore, a seismic performance evaluation of a multi-purpose hall building located in a national public university in Chiclayo, Peru, was developed, applying the nonlinear static analysis. This building comprises two similar modules, each with 3 levels and irregular plans. The building's structural system consists of load-bearing walls. It was constructed in 2010 and designed according to E.030 (the Peruvian seismic-resistant standard) and Peru's seismic microzonation. For practical purposes, considering the symmetry of the overall structure, one of the modules was evaluated using nonlinear methods capable of simulating the effect of earthquakes. This development included applying a linear analysis to establish the response spectra and, based on that, performing the nonlinear Pushover analysis. Based on the results, the performance in both directions was determined, considering the performance levels of HAZUS and VISION 2000. The results show that the building has a performance of "Life Safety" and "Near Collapse" in the X and Y directions, respectively. Additionally, the drifts show a close relationship with the performance data, as HAZUS demonstrates that the drifts in the Y direction are not favorable. Therefore, it was determined that structural reinforcement of the building is necessary to improve its unfavorable behavior.

Abstract: The objective of this research study is to develop a simple application on Microsoft Excel for univariate statistical analysis of experiments. Classic ANOVA procedures are included for models with or without factorial structure (double or triple, including additional treatments), split-plot, split-block, simple nested, and repeated ANOVA measures of balanced or unbalanced data. The tool can run average tests and perform regression analysis for linear and non-linear models. The application automatically performs tests for normality, homoscedasticity, and additivity requirements. In case of violation, the program also automatically scans for outliers or a suitable data transformation. The application also allows the performance of ANCOVA and provides the Papadakis method for correction of spatial autocorrelation and other analyses. The application (available for free at speedstatsoftware.wordpress.com in English, Portuguese, and Spanish) has been tested with the resolution of hundreds of examples and is also adapted for use in LibreOffice.

Resumen: El objetivo de esta investigación es desarrollar una aplicación sencilla en Excel para el análisis estadístico univariado de experimentos. Se incluyen procedimientos de ANOVA clásicos con o sin estructura factorial (doble o triple, incluyendo tratamientos adicionales), de parcela dividida, de split-blocks, nested y ANOVA de medidas repetidas para datos balanceados o desbalanceados. La herramienta puede ejecutar pruebas de promedios y análisis de regresión para modelos lineales y no lineales. La aplicación realiza automáticamente pruebas para verificar los requisitos de normalidad, homocedasticidad y aditividad. En caso de infracción, el programa también busca automáticamente valores atípicos o recomienda una transformación de datos adecuada. El software también permite la realización de ANCOVA y proporciona el método Papadakis para la corrección de autocorrelación espacial, entre otros análisis. La aplicación (disponible de forma gratuita en speedstatsoftware.wordpress.com, con versiones en inglés, portugués y español) ha sido probada con éxito en la resolución de cientos de ejemplos y también ha sido adaptada para su uso en LibreOffice.

Resumo O objetivo do trabalho consiste em avaliar o desempenho de serviços de atenção primária à saúde (APS) do estado de São Paulo para prevenção, detecção e assistência à deficiência. Realizou-se uma pesquisa avaliativa em 2.739 serviços de saúde em 514 municípios com 128 indicadores da qualidade organizacional do instrumento QualiAB referentes à dimensão avaliativa “Atenção à deficiência em serviços de atenção primária à saúde”. Foram utilizadas medidas de desempenho e associações entre os escores de cada domínio e variáveis independentes sobre planejamento, avaliação em saúde e rede de apoio, por meio de regressão linear múltipla. O percentual de desempenho para a dimensão foi de 61,6%, para o domínio estrutura (insumos e recursos humanos), 73,6%, para qualificação da atenção ao pré-natal, 68,7%, qualificação da atenção à saúde da criança, 56,1%, prevenção de incapacidades relacionadas a condições crônicas, 55,8%, e atenção à pessoa com deficiência e ao cuidador, 53,9%. Houve associação significativa com variáveis relacionadas ao tipo de serviço e de participação em avaliações de serviços. Os serviços de APS ainda realizam ações incipientes para prevenção, vigilância e diagnóstico das deficiências, assim como para a atenção integral a pessoas com deficiência.

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the performance of primary health care (PHC) services for disability prevention, detection and assistance in the state of São Paulo. The study included 2739 health services, from 514 municipalities. 128 organizational quality indicators of the QualiAB instrument referring to the evaluative dimension “Attention to disability in primary health care services”. The association of health care performance score of each domain with independent variables, health assessment, and support network were tested using of multiple linear regression. The performance percentage was 61.6% for all domains, 73.6% for structure (inputs and human resources), 68.7% for qualification of prenatal care, 56.1% for qualification of child health care, 55.8% for prevention of disabilities related to chronic conditions, and 53.9% for attention to people with disabilities and caregivers. There was a significant association with variables related to the type of service and participation in service evaluations. PHC services still perform incipient actions for the prevention, surveillance and diagnosis of disabilities as well as for comprehensive care for people with disabilities.

Abstract Educational quality is one of the issues that concerns higher level institution and attempts have been made to measure it through updated and comparable indicators that reflect the current state of education on an international level. The objective of this work was to develop a mathematical model that allows the analysis of the performance of the Technological Institutes (TIs) belonging to the Tecnológico Nacional de México (TecNM). The originality of the work is found in the formulation of a mathematical model using information published by each TI in the TecNM Statistical Yearbooks, so that it is not necessary to collect additional information. In this study, 21 indicators reported annually by 126 TIs from 2015 to 2018 were used; it was used a quantitative study with a longitudinal non-experimental design. The method used to structure the mathematical model was Factor Analysis (FA) with exploratory and confirmatory stages combined with Multiple Linear Regression for the formulation of the structural equations. The results showed four significant factors with 17 indicators at the exploratory stage and the same four factor with nine indicators at the confirmatory stage. In additions, the model coefficients were consistent through the years, as well as the five TIs that appeared at the top places in the total performance index calculated with the model. It is therefore proposed to continue with this line of research aimed at generating indicators that are representative of the strategic processes of TecNM and allow comparison with other higher education institutions.

Resumen La calidad educativa es uno de los temas que preocupa a las instituciones de educación superior, y una forma de medirla es a través de indicadores actualizados y comparables que reflejen el estado actual de la educación a nivel internacional. Por eso, el objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar un modelo matemático que permita analizar el desempeño de los Institutos Tecnológicos (IT) pertenecientes al Tecnológico Nacional de México (TecNM). La originalidad del estudio se encuentra en la formulación del modelo matemático utilizando información publicada por cada IT en los anuarios estadísticos del TecNM, lo cual elimina la necesidad de recopilar información adicional. Para ello, se usaron 21 indicadores reportados por 126 IT durante el periodo 2015-2018, y se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño no experimental y longitudinal. El método para estructurar el modelo matemático incluyó el análisis factorial (AF) en etapas exploratoria y confirmatoria, combinado con regresión lineal múltiple para la formulación de las ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados mostraron la significancia de cuatro factores con 17 indicadores en la etapa exploratoria, y cuatro factores con 9 indicadores en la etapa confirmatoria. Además, los coeficientes de los diferentes factores del modelo fueron consistentes a través del tiempo, al igual que los cinco IT que ocuparon los primeros lugares en el índice total de desempeño calculado con el modelo. Se propone, por tanto, continuar con una línea de investigación orientada a la generación de indicadores que sean representativos de los procesos estratégicos del TecNM y permitan la comparación con otras instituciones de educación superior.

Resumo A qualidade educativa é uma das questões que preocupa as instituições de ensino superior, e uma forma de a medir é através de indicadores atualizados e comparáveis que reflitam o estado atual da educação a nível internacional. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi propor um modelo matemático que permita analisar o desempenho dos Institutos Tecnológicos (TI) pertencentes ao Instituto Tecnológico Nacional do México (TecNM). A originalidade do estudo reside na formulação do modelo utilizando as informações publicadas por cada TI nos anuários estatísticos do TecNM, o que dispensa a necessidade de coleta de informações adicionais. Para isso, foram utilizados 21 indicadores reportados por 126 TIs durante o período 2015-2018, e foi utilizada uma abordagem quantitativa com desenho não experimental e longitudinal. O método de estruturação do modelo matemático incluiu análise fatorial (AF) nas etapas exploratória e confirmatória, combinada com regressão linear múltipla para formulação das equações estruturais. Os resultados mostraram a significância de quatro fatores com 17 indicadores na etapa exploratória, e quatro fatores com 9 indicadores na etapa confirmatória. Os resultados mostraram que os coeficientes dos diferentes fatores do modelo foram consistentes ao longo do tempo, assim como os cinco TIs que ocuparam os cinco primeiros lugares no índice total desenvolvido. Propõe-se, portanto, dar continuidade a uma linha de pesquisa voltada à geração de indicadores representativos dos processos estratégicos do TecNM e de outras instituições de ensino superior.

Abstract In this paper, an assessment of the state of coastal territories of Ecuador monitoring issue is conducted. The use of an autonomous robotic aerial platform is proposed as a technical solution to enhance the efficiency of remote surveillance missions performed by national security services along coastline. Considering the UAV nonlinear flight dynamics, as well as the missing information of the environment, is designed a UAV hierarchical control structure composed of an adaptive PID based MPC control strategy. The implementation of an adaptive PID based MPC controller leads to significantly improve the UAV optimal trajectory tracking task, as well as satisfy properties such as adaptiveness, self-learning, and capability of handling uncertainties caused by the unpredictable behavior of sea currents and wind loads retaining robust performance features. In this work, the investigation of external disturbances on UAV stabilization and positioning accuracy considers swirling wind flows and short-term wind gusts. These correspond to deterministic and random processes, are mathematically represented as trigonometric functions with random amplitudes determined by the gust coefficients and the wind loading periods of the pulses. The established range is given by a set of several observations of wind loads in the coastal territories of Ecuador. The analyzed data is collected from the database of national meteorological stations. Finally, the simulation process of the perturbed controlled motion of the UAV along a segmented linear trajectory, as well as the data analysis and graphics are carried out in the MATLAB environment.

Resumen En este trabajo se realiza una evaluación del estado de los territorios costeros del Ecuador en términos de monitoreo. El uso de una plataforma aérea robótica autónoma se propone como una solución técnica para mejorar la eficiencia de las misiones de vigilancia remota realizadas por los servicios de seguridad nacional a lo largo de la zona costanera. Considerando la no linealidad de la dinámica de un UAV, así como la inexistencia de información sobre el entorno, se ha diseñado una estructura jerárquica de control compuesta por una estrategia adaptativa de PID basada en un controlador MPC. La implementación del controlador adaptativo PID basado en MPC conduce a mejorar significativamente la tarea de seguimiento de trayectoria óptima del UAV, así como a satisfacer propiedades tales como la adaptabilidad, el autoaprendizaje y la capacidad de manejar incertidumbres causadas por el comportamiento impredecible de las corrientes marinas y las cargas de viento, manteniendo características robustas de rendimiento. En este trabajo, la investigación de los efectos de las perturbaciones externas sobre la estabilización y precisión de posicionamiento del UAV considera flujos arremolinados y ráfagas de corta duración. Estos corresponden a procesos deterministas y aleatorios, son representados matemáticamente como funciones trigonométricas con amplitudes aleatorias determinadas por los coeficientes de perturbaciones y los períodos de carga de viento de las pulsaciones. El rango establecido se da mediante un conjunto de varias observaciones de cargas de viento en los territorios costeros de Ecuador. Los datos analizados son recogidos de la base de datos de las estaciones meteorológicas nacionales. Finalmente, el proceso de simulación del movimiento controlado perturbado del UAV a lo largo de una trayectoria lineal segmentada, así como el análisis de datos y gráficos, se llevan a cabo en el entorno de MATLAB.

Resumo O objetivo do trabalho consiste em avaliar o desempenho de serviços de atenção primária à saúde (APS) do estado de São Paulo para prevenção, detecção e assistência à deficiência. Realizou-se uma pesquisa avaliativa em 2.739 serviços de saúde em 514 municípios com 128 indicadores da qualidade organizacional do instrumento QualiAB referentes à dimensão avaliativa “Atenção à deficiência em serviços de atenção primária à saúde”. Foram utilizadas medidas de desempenho e associações entre os escores de cada domínio e variáveis independentes sobre planejamento, avaliação em saúde e rede de apoio, por meio de regressão linear múltipla. O percentual de desempenho para a dimensão foi de 61,6%, para o domínio estrutura (insumos e recursos humanos), 73,6%, para qualificação da atenção ao pré-natal, 68,7%, qualificação da atenção à saúde da criança, 56,1%, prevenção de incapacidades relacionadas a condições crônicas, 55,8%, e atenção à pessoa com deficiência e ao cuidador, 53,9%. Houve associação significativa com variáveis relacionadas ao tipo de serviço e de participação em avaliações de serviços. Os serviços de APS ainda realizam ações incipientes para prevenção, vigilância e diagnóstico das deficiências, assim como para a atenção integral a pessoas com deficiência. (APS Realizouse Realizou se 2739 2 739 2.73 51 12 Atenção saúde. . saúde” planejamento apoio múltipla 616 61 6 61,6% insumos humanos, humanos , humanos) 736 73 73,6% prénatal, prénatal pré natal, natal pré-natal 687 68 7 68,7% criança 561 56 1 56,1% crônicas 558 55 8 55,8% cuidador 539 53 9 53,9% deficiências 273 2.7 5 61,6 73,6 68,7 56,1 55,8 53,9 27 2. 61, 73, 68, 56, 55, 53,

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the performance of primary health care (PHC) services for disability prevention, detection and assistance in the state of São Paulo. The study included 2739 health services, from 514 municipalities. 128 organizational quality indicators of the QualiAB instrument referring to the evaluative dimension “Attention to disability in primary health care services”. The association of health care performance score of each domain with independent variables, health assessment, and support network were tested using of multiple linear regression. The performance percentage was 61.6% for all domains, 73.6% for structure (inputs and human resources), 68.7% for qualification of prenatal care, 56.1% for qualification of child health care, 55.8% for prevention of disabilities related to chronic conditions, and 53.9% for attention to people with disabilities and caregivers. There was a significant association with variables related to the type of service and participation in service evaluations. PHC services still perform incipient actions for the prevention, surveillance and diagnosis of disabilities as well as for comprehensive care for people with disabilities. (PHC Paulo 273 51 municipalities 12 Attention services. . services” assessment regression 616 61 6 61.6 domains 736 73 73.6 inputs resources, resources , resources) 687 68 7 68.7 561 56 1 56.1 558 55 8 55.8 conditions 539 53 9 53.9 caregivers evaluations 27 5 61. 73. 68. 56. 55. 53. 2

RESUMEN La importancia de la estructura de capital radica en la correcta combinación de recursos propios y de terceros que logran potenciar y maximizar el valor de la empresa (Pesce et al., 2015), por ello este articulo tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis a los ratios de financiamiento y rentabilidad y su influencia en la estructura de capital de las microempresas constructoras de la ciudad de Loja en el periodo 2019-2021. Se realiza un análisis cuantitativo, descriptivo y correlacional, aplicando la regresión lineal como técnica estadística, la misma que permite determinar la relación entre la variable dependiente estructura de capital y las variables independientes financiamiento y rentabilidad. La muestra objeto de estudio se determinó en 387 Microempresas del sector de la construcción de la ciudad de Loja, cuya información es extraída de la base de datos de la Superintendencia de Compañías Valores y Seguros. Como resultado se obtuvo que este sector se ha desarrollado mediante el acceso a préstamo del Sistema Financiero para el cumplimiento de sus obligaciones, no existe relación lineal directa entre la estructura de Capital y las variables financiamiento y rentabilidad en este periodo de análisis. Se espera que con esta investigación se procese información para la toma de decisiones para futuros emprendedores.

ABSTRACT The importance of the capital structure lies in the correct combination of own and third-party resources that manage to enhance and maximize the value of the company, so this research aims to perform an Analysis of the financing and profitability ratios and their influence on the capital structure of the construction microenterprises of the city of Loja in the period 2019-2021, A quantitative, descriptive and correlational analysis is performed, applying linear regression as a statistical technique, which allows determining the relationship between the dependent variable capital structure and the independent variables financing and profitability. The sample under study was determined in 387 Microenterprises of the construction sector of the city of Loja, whose information is extracted from the database of the Superintendence of Securities and Insurance Companies. As a result, it was obtained that this sector has developed through access to loans from the Financial System for the fulfillment of its obligations, there is no direct linear relationship between the Capital structure and the financing and profitability variables in this period of analysis. It is expected that this research will process information for decision making for future entrepreneurs.

Resumo Efeito da Inclinação na Estrutura de uma Floresta do Domínio Mata Atlântica no Sul do Brasil. A composição da paisagem em mosaico de fragmentos florestais localizados em encostas altas, solos rasos dificultam as interações ecológicas e a sobrevivência de espécies vegetais. Este estudo teve como objetivo mostrar em um ambiente com essas características o efeito do gradiente ambiental relacionando o solo, a declividade e a vegetação de um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Montana. A estrutura da floresta foi amostrada em 12 parcelas retangulares contínuas, com 30X20m, totalizando 0,72ha. As amostras de solo foram coletadas por perfuração a cada 20m ao longo do divisor hidrográfico e abertura de três trincheiras usadas como locais de amostragem de solo para determinação in situ da cor do solo, horizonte e nutrientes. Os horizontes foram classificados como O/A/Cr na rocha alterada com presença marcante de cascalhos, e o solo foi classificado como Neossolo Litólico. A área apresenta declive acentuado, de 18,05% a 36,99%. A análise de regressão linear destacou o padrão oposto de riqueza de espécies em relação à inclinação e uma relação positiva entre a inclinação e o número de indivíduos mortos em pé. A riqueza de espécies também foi positivamente relacionada à distância das bordas da floresta. A avaliação evidenciou que a forte influência do declive e das atividades antrópicas no remanescente florestal são fatores comuns a diversos remanescentes de altitude, e pequenas ações de conservação podem garantir sua manutenção.

Abstract The mosaic landscape composition of forest fragments located on high slopes, shallow soils hinder ecological interactions and the survival of plant species. This study aimed to show, in an environment with these characteristics, the effect of the environmental gradient relating the soil, slope, and vegetation of a fragment of the Montane Seasonal Semideciduous Forest. The forest structure was sampled in 12 continuous rectangular plots, with 30 X 20m, totaling 0.72ha. Soil samples were taken by drilling every 20m along the hydrographic divisor and opening of three trenches used as soil sampling sites for in situ determination of soil color, horizon, and nutrients. Horizons were classified as O/A/Cr in the altered rock with a marked presence of gravels, and the soil was classified as Litholic Neosol. The area has a steep slope, from 18.05% to 36.99%. Linear regression analysis indicated an opposite pattern for species richness in relation to slope and a positive relationship between slope and the number of standing dead individuals. Species richness was also positively related to the distance from forest edges. The evaluation evidenced the strong influence of slope and human activities in forest remnant as common to several high-altitude remnants, and small conservation actions can guarantee their maintenance.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To identify the spatial patterns of the quality of the structure of primary health care services and the teams’ work process and their effects on infant mortality in Brazil. METHODS An ecological study of spatial aggregates, using the 5,570 municipalities in Brazil as the unit of analysis. Secondary databases from the Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB – National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care), the Mortality Information System (SIM), and the Live Birth Information System (SINASC) were used. In 2018, the infant mortality rate was the outcome of the study, and the exposure variables were the proportion of basic health units (BHU) with adequate structure and work processes. Global and local Moran’s indices were used to evaluate the degree of dependence and spatial autocorrelation. Spatial linear regression was used for data analysis. RESULTS In 2018, in Brazil, the infant mortality rate was 12.4/1,000 live births, ranging from 10.6/1,000 and 11.2/1,000 in the South and Southeast, respectively, to 14.1/1,000 and 14.5/1,000 in the Northeast and North regions, respectively. The proportion of teams with an adequate work process (β = −3.13) and the proportion of basic health units with an adequate structure (β = −0.34) were associated with a reduction in the infant mortality rate. Spatial autocorrelation was observed between smoothed mean infant mortality rates and indicators of the structure of primary health care services and the team’s work process, with higher values in the North and Northeast of Brazil. CONCLUSIONS There is a relationship between the structure of primary health care services and the teams’ work process with the infant mortality rate. In this sense, investment in the qualification of health care within the scope of primary health care can have an impact on reducing the infant mortality rate and improving child health care.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Identificar os padrões espaciais da qualidade da estrutura dos serviços de atenção primária à saúde e do processo de trabalho das equipes e seus efeitos na mortalidade infantil no Brasil. MÉTODOS Estudo ecológico de agregados espaciais, empregando como unidade de análise os 5.570 municípios do Brasil. Foram utilizados bancos de dados secundários do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB), do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade (SIM) e do Sistema de Informações de Nascidos Vivos (SINASC). Em 2018, a taxa de mortalidade infantil foi o desfecho do estudo, e as variáveis de exposição foram a proporção de unidade básica de saúde (UBS) com estrutura e processo de trabalho adequados. Os índices de Moran global e local foram usados para avaliar o grau de dependência e a autocorrelação espacial. Utilizou-se regressão linear espacial para análise de dados. RESULTADOS Em 2018, no Brasil, a taxa de mortalidade infantil foi de 12,4/1.000 nascidos vivos, variando de 10,6/1.000 e 11,2/1.000 no Sul e no Sudeste, respectivamente, até 14,1/1.000 e 14,5/1.000, nas regiões Nordeste e Norte, respectivamente. A proporção de equipes com processo de trabalho adequado (β = - 3,13) e a de unidades básicas de saúde com estrutura adequada (β = - 0,34) foram associadas à redução da taxa de mortalidade infantil. Observou-se autocorrelação espacial entre as taxas de mortalidade infantil médias suavizadas e indicadores da estrutura dos serviços de atenção primária à saúde e do processo de trabalho das equipes, com valores mais elevados no Norte e no Nordeste do Brasil. CONCLUSÕES Existe relação entre a estrutura dos serviços de atenção primária à saúde e o processo de trabalho das equipes com a taxa de mortalidade infantil. Neste sentido, o investimento na qualificação da atenção à saúde no âmbito da atenção primária à saúde pode impactar na redução da taxa de mortalidade infantil e na melhoria da atenção à saúde infantil.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic led to a reduction in human mobility, known as “anthropause.” Few studies have compared birds’ community patterns between lockdown and “new normal” periods, especially in extremophile environments. This study presents the first baseline by monitoring coastal birds on 10 beaches along the largest hypersaline lagoon in South America. The birds were counted in September and October 2021 (during a lockdown period) and in October 2022 (after the lockdown – “new normal”) during the morning. The continuous route transect methodology was applied by the same observer in all beaches. The Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to investigate the response of community abundance to urbanization (raster-based variable) and time of COVID-19 pandemic (lockdown vs. new normal). Rarefaction curve and Permutational Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA) were used to compare community richness and composition, respectively, between lockdown and new normal periods. Generalized Linear Models (GLM) with negative binomial distribution were applied to test the effect of the same predictors on the three more abundant species. The bird community structure and composition did not change when comparing lockdown and new normal periods, mainly due to dominance of synanthropic species. Among species-specific responses to lockdown, the Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis was more abundant during the lockdown on six of the nine beaches where it occurred. Oppositely, the Kelp Gull Larus dominicanus and the Neotropic Cormorant Nannopterum brasilianus were more abundant in new normal period, reinforcing that these species benefit from human subsidies. This may provide a unique opportunity for science-based sustainable ecotourism activities in urban areas with synanthropic species, capitalizing activities such as birdwatching, that would certainly contribute to environmental education actions. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 mobility anthropause. anthropause “anthropause. periods environments 1 America 202 period after morning ANCOVA (ANCOVA rasterbased raster based variable vs normal. . normal) PERMANOVA (PERMANOVA respectively GLM (GLM speciesspecific specific occurred Oppositely subsidies sciencebased science birdwatching actions COVID1 COVID- “anthropause 20 2

In this work, iron nanoparticles were synthesized by a green and bio-inspired process, using Eucalyptus grandis extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The functional groups from the extract were incorporated into the structure of the nanoparticles, as confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Characteristic peaks of zero-valence iron were observed by X-ray diffraction analysis, besides hematite and goethite. The nanoparticles showed spherical morphology and an average size of 96.4 nm. The zeta potential (|35| mV) indicated good stability. The nanoparticles were used as catalysts for o-phenylenediamine oxidation by H2O2, exhibiting optimal catalytic activity. The kinetic assays were performed, and the Michaelis-Menten model was adjusted to the data (maximum rate reached (Vmax) = 2.0 μmol L-1 s-1 and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) = 307 µmol L-1). A spectrophotometric method was developed for H2O2 quantification. The analytical curve (18.3 112.6 µmol L-1) showed a good linear fit and limits of detection and quantification of 5.48 and 18.3 µmol L-1, respectively. Thus, the method is very promising, adhering to the principles of green chemistry. work bioinspired bio inspired process agent spectroscopy zerovalence zero valence Xray X ray analysis goethite 964 96 4 96. nm |35| 35 (|35 mV stability ophenylenediamine o phenylenediamine HO H O activity performed MichaelisMenten Michaelis Menten maximum Vmax (Vmax 20 2 0 2. L1 L 1 L- s1 s s- Km (Km 30 L1. . H2O 183 18 3 (18. 1126 112 6 112. 548 5 48 5.4 18. L1, 1, respectively Thus promising chemistry 9 |35 (|3 (18 11 54 5. |3 (| (1 | (

In this study, we examine the effects of solvent media on the structural and optical behaviors of two isomers of thiazine derivatives: rac-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-4H 1,3 thiazin-4-one and (2S)-2-(3-nitrophenyl)-3-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-4 one. The solvent effects were modeled using the polarizable continuum model through density functional theory. Electrical parameters for rac-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-4H 1,3-thiazin-4-one and (2S)-2-(3-nitrophenyl)-3-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-4 one were determined using the density functional theory at the CAM-B3LYP/6-311+G(d) level. We studied the influence of isomer structures in various solvent media on the Hyper-Rayleigh-Scattering first hyperpolarizability, considering both static and dynamic scenarios. This research particularly emphasizes the implications of relocating the NO2 group from the meta-position (2S)-2-(3-nitrophenyl)-3-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-4-one to the para-position rac-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-4-one on molecular geometries, linear and nonlinear optical parameters, and gap energies across different solvent media. Bond dissociation energy calculations for hydrogen atoms and all other single acyclic bonds were performed for both derivatives to assess degradation and autoxidation properties. Additional insights from non-bonding orbitals, molecular electrostatic surface potential, Fukui calculations, electron localization function, and localized orbital locator are detailed. study rac24nitrophenyl3phenyl2,3,5,6tetrahydro4H rac24nitrophenyl3phenyl2356tetrahydro4H racnitrophenylphenyltetrahydroH rac 2 4 nitrophenyl 3 phenyl 2,3,5,6 tetrahydro 4H 5 6 H 13 1 1, thiazin4one thiazinone thiazin 2S23nitrophenyl3phenyl2,3,5,6tetrahydro4H1,3thiazin4 2S23nitrophenyl3phenyl2356tetrahydro4H13thiazin4 SnitrophenylphenyltetrahydroHthiazin 2S S (2S)-2-(3-nitrophenyl)-3-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-4H-1,3-thiazin- 1,3thiazin4one 13thiazin4one CAMB3LYP/6311+Gd CAMB3LYP6311Gd CAMBLYPGd CAM B3LYP/6 311+G d B3LYP 311 G B LYP CAM-B3LYP/6-311+G(d level HyperRayleighScattering Hyper Rayleigh Scattering hyperpolarizability scenarios NO metaposition meta position 2S23nitrophenyl3phenyl2,3,5,6tetrahydro4H1,3thiazin4one 2S23nitrophenyl3phenyl2356tetrahydro4H13thiazin4one SnitrophenylphenyltetrahydroHthiazinone paraposition para rac24nitrophenyl3phenyl2,3,5,6tetrahydro4H1,3thiazin4one rac24nitrophenyl3phenyl2356tetrahydro4H13thiazin4one racnitrophenylphenyltetrahydroHthiazinone geometries properties nonbonding non bonding orbitals potential function detailed rac24nitrophenyl3phenyl2 6tetrahydro4H 2356 2,3,5, 2S23nitrophenyl3phenyl2 6tetrahydro4H1 3thiazin4 2S23nitrophenyl3phenyl2,3,5,6tetrahydro4H1,3thiazin 2S23nitrophenyl3phenyl2356tetrahydro4H13thiazin (2S)-2-(3-nitrophenyl)-3-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-4H-1,3-thiazin 3thiazin4one CAMB3LYP 6311 Gd CAMB B3LYP6 BLYP B3LYP/ 311G 31 racnitrophenylphenyl rac24nitrophenyl3phenyl tetrahydroH 235 2,3,5 Snitrophenylphenyl 2S23nitrophenyl3phenyl 3thiazin CAMBLYP 631 23 2,3, 63 2,3 2,