Abstract (Introduction): The search for techniques and methods for managing sludge generated during wastewater treatment is necessary to ensure sustainable sanitation in the medium term in Latin America. An interesting approach involves converting sludge into a biosolid usable in agriculture through alkaline sanitization. (Objective): We evaluated this technique’s efficacy and economic and environmental viability for obtaining an agriculturally usable type A biosolid from municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) sludge. (Methodology): To this end, the efficacy in reducing microbiological parameters was experimentally tested at the laboratory scale using quicklime, for anaerobic and aerobic WWTP sludge. The experimental results fed a benefit/cost analysis model and a life cycle assessment. (Results): It was confirmed that applying a 40 % lime dose allowed the obtention of a type A biosolid with non-detectable concentrations of pathogenic microorganisms, which remained in that condition for more than 30 days. Additionally, the benefit/cost and life cycle analyses concluded that this option would be more attractive than sludge disposal in a landfill, due to the corresponding savings in chemical compounds (fertilizers, agricultural lime). (Conclusions): Therefore, alkaline sanitization can be considered suitable for WWTP sludge management. Its application on a larger scale should be further investigated in the country and the Latin-American region, considering the risk associated to the presence of heavy metals too.

Resumen (Introducción): La búsqueda de técnicas y modelos de gestión del lodo generado durante el tratamiento de las aguas residuales es necesaria para garantizar un saneamiento sostenible a mediano plazo en América Latina. Una vía interesante consiste en convertir el lodo en un biosólido aprovechable en la agricultura por medio de la higienización alcalina. (Objetivo): Se evaluó la eficacia y la viabilidad económica y ambiental de esta técnica para la obtención de un biosólido tipo A aprovechable en la agricultura a partir de lodo de planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) ordinaria. (Metodología): Para ello se probó experimentalmente en escala de laboratorio la eficacia en el decaimiento de parámetros microbiológicos higienizados con cal viva, usando lodo anaeróbico y aeróbico de PTAR. Los resultados experimentales alimentaron un modelo de análisis de beneficio/costo y de ciclo de vida. (Resultados): Pudo corroborarse que la aplicación de dosis de cal de 40 % permitió obtener un biosólido tipo A con concentraciones de microorganismos patógenos no detectables, lo cual se mantuvo en esa condición por más de 30 días. Además, el análisis de beneficio/costo y de ciclo de vida permitieron concluir que esta opción sería más atractiva que la disposición del lodo en un relleno sanitario, debido al ahorro correspondiente en compuestos químicos (fertilizantes o cal agrícola) derivado de su aprovechamiento. (Conclusiones): Por lo tanto, la técnica de higienización alcalina puede considerarse como adecuada para la gestión del lodo de PTAR y su aplicación a mayor escala debe investigarse en mayor detalle en el país y la región latinoamericana, considerando también el riesgo de presencia de metales pesados en este subproducto.

SUMMARY The research aims to internalize the environmental costs to the management of the copper resource, the calculation of environmental costs through the life cycle and the identification of impacts of the copper resource is carried out in the context of Ecuacorriente S.A. and the preliminary reports of business sustainability, environmental, economic and social information is integrated, For decision-making in the sustainability of the natural resource, it is considered that the costs of GE activities environmental management in the company's financial reports, represent a control input for decision-making in the assessment of the sustainability of the mining management of the copper resource. The results contribute to the fulfillment of the sustainable development goals that are embodied in the 2030 agenda.

RESUMEN La investigación tiene como objetivo internalizar los costos ambientales a la gestión del recurso cobre. El cálculo de costos ambientales a través del ciclo de vida y la identificación de impactos del recurso cobre se realiza en el contexto de Ecuacorriente S.A. y se integran los reportes preliminares de sostenibilidad empresarial, la información ambiental, económica y social para la toma de decisiones en la sostenibilidad del recurso natural. Se considera que los costos de las actividades de gestión ambiental en los reportes financieros de la empresa representan un insumo de control para la toma de decisiones en la valoración de la sostenibilidad de la gestión minera del recurso cobre. Los resultados contribuyen al cumplimiento de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible que se plasman en la agenda 2030.

Resumo O resíduo de louça sanitária (RLS) é alvitrado como uma alternativa ecologicamente ambiental, em substituição aos agregados finos e pedriscos, empregados na produção de concretos autoadensáveis (CAA). A eficiência ambiental nos ciclos de vida energético e das emissões de dióxido de carbono de CAA com diferentes misturas de RLS, foram comparadas com o concreto autoadensável sem RLS (CAA_REF). A Análise do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) evidenciou que a substituição de agregados de RLS em CAA_REF, pode gerar uma redução absoluta de aproximadamente 34,70 MJ/m³ e 2,07 kg de CO2/m³, respectivamente, o que corresponde a reduções de 1,5% e 0,5%. Verificou-se ainda que o uso de um indicador de ecoeficiência do comportamento ambiental em relação ao parâmetro resistência mecânica à compressão, pode contribuir e ser adequado em projetos de dosagens de CAA. Assim, observou-se que o uso de RLS, pode colaborar para a sustentabilidade ambiental, reduzindo a disposição inadequada dos RLS no meio ambiente e implementado um reuso adequado. (RLS pedriscos . (CAA) CAA_REF. CAAREF CAA_REF REF (CAA_REF) ACV (ACV 3470 34 70 34,7 MJm³ MJm MJ m³ m MJ/m 207 2 07 2,0 CO2m³ COm CO2 CO CO2/m³ respectivamente 15 1 5 1,5 05 0 0,5% Verificouse Verificou se compressão Assim observouse observou (CAA (CAA_REF 347 3 7 34, 20 2, CO2m CO2/m 1, 0,5 0,

Abstract Sanitary ware waste (RLS) is proposed as an ecologically environmental alternative, replacing fine aggregates and gravel, used in the production of self-compacting concrete (SCC). The environmental efficiency in energy life cycles and carbon dioxide emissions of SCC with different mixtures of RLS, were compared with the self-compacting concrete without RLS (CAA_REF). The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) showed that the replacement of RLS aggregates in CAA_REF, can generate an absolute reduction of approximately 45.42 MJ/m³ and 2.67 kg of CO2/m³ respectively, which corresponds to reductions of 2.2% and 0.6%. It was also verified that the use of an indicator of eco-efficiency of the environmental behavior in relation to the parameter mechanical resistance to compression, can contribute and be adequate in projects of dosages of SCC. Thus, it was observed that the use of RLS can contribute to environmental sustainability, reducing the inadequate disposal of RLS in the environment and implementing an adequate reuse. (RLS alternative gravel selfcompacting self compacting . (SCC) CAA_REF. CAAREF CAA_REF CAA REF (CAA_REF) LCA (LCA 4542 45 42 45.4 MJm³ MJm MJ m³ m MJ/m 267 2 67 2.6 CO2m³ COm CO2 CO CO2/m respectively 22 2.2 06 0 6 0.6% ecoefficiency eco compression Thus sustainability reuse (SCC (CAA_REF 454 4 45. 26 2. CO2m 0.6 0.

Resumo Analisou-se a viabilidade técnica e ambiental da Erythrina poeppigiana para produzir compensados com os adesivos: fenol-formaldeído (FF); uréia-formaldeído (UF) e poliuretano à base de mamona (PU). Avaliou-se as propriedades física e mecânica: densidade aparente, teor de umidade, absorção de água, inchamento em espessura, resistência ao cisalhamento e flexão estática. Os testes apontaram a viabilidade da eritrina para produção de compensados não estruturais. A avaliação ambiental, através dos indicadores, quantificação da energia embutida e emissão de CO 2 e, demonstrou que os pain compensado produzido com adesivo PU teve melhor desempenho que os painéis com FF e UF. O tratamento T1 (FF) apresentou maior energia embutida, o T2 (UF) a maior emissão de CO 2 e. A viabilidade técnica e ambiental da eritrina para produzir compensados pode promover o desenvolvimento socioeconômico regional, ambientalmente sustentável, com vantagens em relação aos compensados estrangeiros, bem como ao desempenho ambiental. Analisouse Analisou se adesivos fenolformaldeído fenol formaldeído uréiaformaldeído uréia UF (UF PU. . (PU) Avaliouse Avaliou mecânica aparente umidade água espessura estática estruturais indicadores T (FF regional sustentável estrangeiros (PU

Abstract The study analyzed the technical and environmental feasibility of using Erythrina poeppigiana to produce plywood with different adhesives: phenol-formaldehyde (PF), urea-formaldehyde (UF), and castor oil-based polyurethane (PUA). The physical and mechanical properties of the plywood were evaluated, including apparent density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, shear resistance, and static bending. Tests proved erythrina’s suitability for non-structural plywood production. The environmental impact of the production process was also evaluated, using embedded energy and CO2e emissions as indicators. The results showed that plywood produced with PU adhesive had better environmental performance compared to panels with FF and UF adhesives. T1 treatment (PF) had the highest embodied energy, while T2 (UF) had the highest CO2e emission. Overall, the study suggests that using erythrina to produce plywood can be a viable option for promoting regional socioeconomic development while also being environmentally sustainable and presents an advantage over foreign plywood in terms of environmental performance. adhesives phenolformaldehyde phenol formaldehyde PF, PF , ureaformaldehyde urea UF, oilbased oil based PUA. PUA . (PUA) evaluated density content absorption swelling resistance bending erythrinas s nonstructural non structural COe CO e indicators T (PF (UF emission Overall (PUA

In the context of South Africa's water scarcity, desalination has emerged as a possible solution for coastal areas. However, the quality of the intake water for desalination is often problematic, prompting the need for pre-treatment. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) on 4 seawater filtration systems intended for the pre-treatment of a reverse osmosis desalination project. These systems were implemented in a pilot trial and are based on modern water treatment technologies, namely, granular filtration (pressure driven and gravity driven), dissolved air flotation (DAF), and ultrafiltration (UF). For all 4 systems, data were collected for both the construction and operation phases, and LCAs were performed, resulting in environmental scores that allow for comparison based on the pre-treatment of 1 kL of seawater of the same quality. The SimaPro LCA tool and the ReCiPe midpoint method were used and environmental scores were calculated for 18 impact categories, including climate change, acidification, toxicity, eutrophication, resource depletion, etc. This methodology also allowed the identification of the highest environmental burdens/scores within each system. The most significant finding is that local electricity consumption is responsible for the greatest proportion of environmental impacts. Thus, the systems consuming more energy for operating equipment such as blowers, pumps, and mixers were found to have the highest environmental burdens. Hence, the DAF system has the highest environmental scores for most impacts, followed by the single-phase gravity filtration system, then the two-phase partial pressure filtration system and finally the UF system. Therefore, focus should shift towards energy optimisation of process units, especially the rotary ones, as well as energy mitigation and recovery strategies. The use of renewable energy for pre-treatment should also be considered locally.

Abstract Drones are a valuable tool to explore the spatial variability present in crop fields. Although its use is becoming relatively common in technological oriented systems it is very rare in ecological oriented systems. The goal of this presentation is to explore some of the potentialities of this tool to contribute to an improved agroecological weed management. The information obtained in early flights can be used to minimize input use (tillage operations or herbicides). The information obtained at the end of the crop life cycle can be used to assess the efficacy of the control measures, monitoring weed escapes and/or resistant populations. Digital phenotyping from aerial images could be used in breeding weed suppressing varieties. The assessment of agronomic practices under real conditions can be conducted through aerial monitoring farmer`s plots with variable conditions. The large volume of information (big data) provided on soil, crop and weed conditions will facilitate the design and implementation of integrated weed management systems. The large volume of information (big data) provided on soil, crop and weed conditions will facilitate the design and implementation of integrated weed management systems. The use of drones at the landscape scale allow to monitor biodiversity spaces and to assess the ecosystem services provided by these areas.

Resumen Los drones constituyen una herramienta muy valiosa para explorar la variabilidad espacial presente en las parcelas de cultivo. Sin embargo, su uso, cada vez más frecuente en sistemas con una orientación tecnológica, es prácticamente desconocido dentro de sistemas para una aproximación agro-ecológica. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar algunas de las potencialidades de los drones para contribuir a un mejor manejo agroecológico de las malas hierbas. La información extraída con vuelos tempranos nos permite minimizar el uso de insumos (labores, herbicidas) y mejorar su eficiencia. Por otra parte, la información obtenida en vuelos realizados al final del ciclo nos permite evaluar la eficacia de las medidas tomadas, detectando la aparición de escapes o de poblaciones resistentes. El fenotipado digital a partir de imágenes de dron puede ser de gran utilidad en los programas de mejora de variedades de cultivos supresoras de malas hierbas. La evaluación de prácticas agronómicas en condiciones reales puede llevarse a cabo mediante la monitorización continuada de parcelas de agricultores en las que exista una diversidad de condiciones. La abundante información suministrada por los drones sobre el estado del suelo, cultivo y poblaciones de plagas y malas hierbas facilitaría el diseño y la implementación de sistemas de gestión integrada. El empleo de drones a escala paisaje nos permite el seguimiento de los espacios de biodiversidad y evaluar los servicios ecosistémicos obtenidos.

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) provides a unique opportunity for water conservation. This research aimed to assess the performance of two types of RWH systems (gravity and pump-driven) at a local public school in replacing non-potable water for toilet flushing. The volume of harvested water, efficiency to meet demand, expenses involved and associated environmental burdens were key criteria of performance. Economic considerations included capital costs and return periods, while the environmental aspects encompassed simplified life cycle assessments (LCAs) as well as specific carbon footprints. The gravity-fed system supplied 452.5 kL/annum and covered 31.8% of the demand for flushing water for toilets for the school investigated. The pumped system provided 476.8 kL/annum representing 33.5% of the demand. Together they would be able to supply 65.3% of the demand. The catchment area of these two systems differed and there was no overlap. As expected, the gravity-fed system outperformed the pumped system, both economically and environmentally, because no energy for pumping was needed. In terms of costs, the difference was small, and the payback periods of both systems were similar. However, environmentally, the LCA scores for the pumped system were an order of magnitude higher for all 18 impact categories considered. Carbon footprints showed that in the construction stage both systems have similar footprints. For the operation stage, the comparison was extended, as there were higher energy requirements for the pumped system (about 4 times higher than those from the provision of municipal potable water), but in the same range or lower when compared with other alternative sources of water like groundwater abstraction, recycling of municipal water and desalination. The gravity-fed system required no energy for pumping. This study shows how trade-offs in assessing the overall performance of RWH systems can be considered, leading to better decision making.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common condition, and the Menstrual Bleeding Questionnaire (MBQ) is used for its assessment. OBJECTIVES: To translate, assess the cut-off point for diagnosis, and explore psychometric properties of the MBQ for use in Brazilian Portuguese. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective cohort study including 200 women (100 with and 100 without AUB) at a tertiary referral center. METHODS: MBQ translation involved a pilot-testing phase, instrument adjustment, data collection, and back-translation. Cut-off point was obtained using receiver operating curve analysis. Menstrual patterns, impact on quality of life due to AUB, internal consistency, test-retest, responsiveness, and discriminant validity were assessed. For construct validity, the Pictorial Blood Assessment Chart (PBAC) and World Health Organization Quality of Life – abbreviated version (WHOQOL-BREF) were applied. RESULTS: Women with AUB were older, had higher body mass indices, and had a worse quality of life during menstruation. Regarding the MBQ's psychometric variables, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was > 0.70 in all analyses, high intraclass correlation coefficient was found in both groups; no ceiling and floor effects were observed, and construct validity was demonstrated (correlation between MBQ score, PBAC score, and clinical menstrual cycle data). No difference between MBQ and PBAC scores were perceived after the test-retest. Significant differences were found between MBQ and PBAC scores before and after treatment. An MBQ score ≥ 24 was associated with a high probability of AUB; accuracy of 98%. CONCLUSION: The MBQ is a reliable questionnaire for Brazilian women. The cut-off ≥ 24 shows high accuracy to discriminate AUB. BACKGROUND (AUB condition (MBQ assessment OBJECTIVES translate cutoff cut off diagnosis Portuguese SETTING 20 (10 10 center METHODS pilottesting pilot testing phase adjustment collection backtranslation. backtranslation back translation. back-translation Cutoff Cut analysis patterns consistency testretest, testretest test retest, retest test-retest responsiveness assessed (PBAC WHOQOLBREF WHOQOL BREF (WHOQOL-BREF applied RESULTS older indices menstruation MBQs s variables Cronbachs Cronbach 070 0 70 0.7 analyses groups observed data. . data) testretest. retest. treatment 2 98 98% CONCLUSION (1 1 07 7 0. 9 (

Resumo A abordagem de avaliação do ciclo de vida foi realizada para um conjunto de móveis de madeira convencional produzido na divisão Mardan da província de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa do Paquistão durante 2018-19. Os dados primários sobre entradas e saídas foram coletados por meio de pesquisas por questionário de 100 fabricantes de conjuntos de móveis de madeira convencionais, 50 no distrito de Mardan e 50 no distrito de Swabi. No presente estudo, a abordagem de avaliação do ciclo de vida do berço ao portão foi aplicada para uma unidade funcional de um conjunto de móveis de madeira convencional. Os dados da média ponderada da produção foram modelados no software de modelagem de impactos ambientais, isto é, SimaPro v.8.5. Os resultados mostraram que os têxteis usados no conjunto de sofás, o preservativo de madeira para polir e prevenir o ataque de insetos e a gasolina usada no gerador tiveram a maior contribuição em todas as categorias de impacto ambiental avaliadas. A demanda total acumulada de energia para o conjunto de móveis de madeira fabricado foi de 30.005 MJ, com a maior parte da energia adquirida de recursos de combustíveis fósseis não renováveis.

Abstract Life cycle assessment was carried out for a conventional wooden furniture set produced in Mardan division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan during 2018-19. Primary data regarding inputs and outputs were collected through questionnaire surveys from 100 conventional wooden furniture set manufacturers, 50 in district Mardan and 50 in district Swabi. In the present study, cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment approach was applied for a functional unit of one conventional wooden furniture set. Production weighted average data were modelled in the environmental impacts modelling software i.e., SimaPro v.8.5. The results showed that textile used in sofa set, wood preservative for polishing and preventing insects attack and petrol used in generator had the highest contribution to all the environmental impact categories evaluated. Total cumulative energy demand for wooden furniture set manufactured was 30,005 MJ with most of the energy acquired from non-renewable fossil fuel resources.

Resumo Este artigo descreve os impactos ambientais da produção de uma única muda em viveiros florestais de distritos selecionados (Haripur, Abbottabad e Manshera) da divisão Hazara, de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Paquistão, usando a abordagem de avaliação do ciclo de vida (ACV). Este estudo baseou-se na abordagem “do berço ao portão”, que se inicia na fase pré-viveiro e progride em direção ao viveiro principal antes do transplante das mudas para o local de plantio. Os dados ou inventário de ciclo de vida (ICV) da produção de mudas foram coletados por meio de questionários e reuniões pessoais com o gerente e os trabalhadores dos viveiros florestais sobre o consumo de diferentes insumos, como energia elétrica, diesel, fertilizantes, herbicidas, sacos de polietileno, adubo orgânico e consumo de água. O software SimaPro, versão 8.5, e o modelo ambiental CML2000, v2.05, foram aplicados para realizar a avaliação de impacto do ciclo de vida (AICV) de uma única produção de mudas em viveiros florestais na área de estudo. Em consonância com os objetivos do estudo, os dados primários relativos às entradas e saídas dos viveiros foram coletados de 35 viveiros na área de estudo por meio de um método de questionário aleatório. Além disso, dados secundários foram obtidos de bancos de dados online, como Eco-invent v.3.2 CORRIM e literatura publicada revisada por pares. Para este estudo, foi considerada uma unidade funcional de uma única plântula. Os dados médios ponderados de produção foram modelados no software de modelagem ambiental mais recente, ou seja, SimaPro, v.8.5, para 10 impactos ambientais mais desejados pela US-EPA, como potencial de aquecimento global (PAG), depleção abiótica (DA), potencial de eutrofização (PE), potencial de acidificação (PA), ecotoxicidade de água doce (EAD), ecotoxicidade da água marinha (EAM), ecotoxicidade terrestre (ET), destruição da camada de ozônio (DCO), oxidação fotoquímica (OF) e toxicidade humana (TH). Os resultados mostraram que o maior impacto ambiental causado por uma única muda foi a ecotoxicidade da água marinha (11,31360 kg 1,4-DB eq), seguido pelo potencial de aquecimento global (0,02945 kg CO2 eq) e toxicidade humana (0,01227 kg 1,4-DB eq) eq). A principal razão para esses ônus ambientais foi o uso de fertilizantes sintéticos em viveiros florestais e o consumo de combustíveis fósseis nas atividades de mecanização e transporte de viveiros. A demanda total acumulada de energia para uma única muda foi de 0,800 MJ, com mais de 90% de contribuição de recursos energéticos de combustíveis fósseis, como gasolina e diesel. Portanto, é altamente recomendável usar recursos de energia renovável e fertilizantes orgânicos em vez de fertilizantes químicos em viveiros florestais para evitar e minimizar as emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) e outras emissões tóxicas na área de estudo.

Abstract This article describes the environmental impacts of producing a single seedling in forest nurseries of selected districts (i.e., Haripur, Abbottabad, and Mansehra) of Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan using the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. This study was based on the cradle-to-gate approach which begins with the pre-nursery stage and progresses toward the main nursery before transplanting seedlings into the plantation site. Data or life cycle inventory (LCI) of seedling production were collected through questionnaire surveys and personal meetings with forest nurseries managers and workers regarding consumption of different inputs such as electricity, diesel, fertilizers, herbicides, and polyethylene bags, organic manure, and water consumption. The SimaPro software version 8.5 and the CML2000 v2.05 environmental model was applied to perform life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) for a single seedling production in forest nurseries in the study area. In line with the objectives of the study, primary data regarding inputs and outputs of the nurseries were collected from 35 nurseries in the study area by using a random questionnaire method. In addition, secondary data were taken from online databases such as Eco-invent v.3.2 CORRIM and peer-reviewed published literature. For this study, a functional unit of a single seedling was considered. Production weighted average data were modeled in the latest environmental modeling software i.e., SimaPro v.8.5 for ten US-EPA most wanted environmental impacts, such as global warming potential (GWP), abiotic depletion (AD), eutrophication potential (EP), acidification potential (AP), freshwater aquatic eco-toxicity (FAE), marine water eco-toxicity (MWE), terrestrial eco-toxicity (TE), ozone layer depletion (OLD), photochemical oxidation (PO), and human toxicity (HT). The results showed that the highest environmental impact posed by a single seedling was marine aquatic eco-toxicity (11.31360 kg 1,4-DB eq), followed by global warming potential (0.02945 kg CO2 eq) and (0.01227 kg 1,4-DB eq) human toxicity. The primary reason for these environmental burdens was the use of synthetic fertilizers in forest nurseries and the consumption of fossil fuels in nursery mechanization and transportation activities. The total cumulative energy demand for a single seedling was (0.800 MJ) with more than 90% contribution from fossil fuel energy resources such as petrol and diesel. It is therefore highly recommended to use renewable energy resources and organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers in forest nurseries to avoid and minimize greenhouse gas emissions (GHS) and other toxic emissions in the study area.

Abstract Paper aims This study aims to identify the advances in the literature related to Sustainable Life Cycle Assessment in the agricultural and food process sectors. Originality This study pioneers an investigation into trends in applying Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment techniques within the agricultural and food processing sectors, with a comprehensive consideration of environmental, economic, and social perspectives. Research method A systematic literature review and a bibliometric analysis revealed 71 articles that applied at least one of the life cycle assessment tools. Main findings The bibliometric analysis indicated that the studied areas have two main areas that separate studies in the food process sector and the agricultural sector areas. The content analysis indicated that most studies apply the environmental assessment of the life cycle, coupling some studies with the economic and social view and mainly using an attributional approach with the scope ranging from the cradle to the grave regarding the area. Implications for theory and practice As for theory, this study includes advancing knowledge and filling a research gap, while the practical relates to more sustainable decision-making by professionals involved in the agricultural and food processing sectors. sectors perspectives 7 tools area gap decisionmaking decision making

Resumo A obtenção da certificação ISO 14001 pode trazer vários benefícios para as empresas, como processos mais eficientes, acesso a novos mercados e até mesmo o desenvolvimento de uma cultura organizacional ambiental. No entanto, muitas organizações, em particular as pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs), enfrentam dificuldades para entender o que é e como considerar o Pensamento do Ciclo de Vida em seus processos, produtos ou serviços, uma vez que isso faz parte dos requisitos para obter a certificação ISO 14001:2015. Portanto, o objetivo deste artigo foi propor um método passo a passo para incluir a ACV nas atividades de implementação da ISO 14001:2015 como parte do cumprimento de seus requisitos. Além disso, o método proposto foi relacionado ao cumprimento dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS). Assim, a metodologia foi dividida em três etapas: i) uma revisão sistemática da literatura para identificar estudos anteriores envolvendo práticas para incorporar o Pensamento do Ciclo de Vida na ISO 14001:2015; ii) uma proposta de método passo a passo que permite a inclusão desse pensamento na ISO 14001:2015; e iii) uma descrição de estudo de caso em uma fábrica de briquetes para o gerenciamento de resíduos. Os resultados demonstraram que, por meio de um conjunto de atividades e ferramentas simples e de rápida aplicação, uma organização pode incluir tal pensamento em muitas das cláusulas da ISO 14001:2015, ao mesmo tempo em que contribui para o cumprimento dos ODS. Por fim, é importante para as PMEs considerar o Pensamento do Ciclo de Vida nas etapas de implementação da ISO 14001, não apenas por motivos de resultados tangíveis e intangíveis, mas principalmente porque espera-se que a próxima versão da ISO 14001 seja mais rigorosa em relação à necessidade de seguir os requisitos do ciclo de vida. 1400 eficientes ambiental entanto organizações PMEs, , (PMEs) serviços 140012015. 140012015 2015. 2015 Portanto 14001:201 disso ODS . (ODS) Assim i ii iii resíduos aplicação 140012015, 2015, fim intangíveis esperase espera se vida 140 (PMEs 14001201 201 14001:20 (ODS 14 1400120 20 14001:2 1 140012 2 14001:

Abstract ISO 14001 certification offers numerous benefits to companies, including improved efficiency, market access, and the fostering of an environmental organizational culture. However, many organizations, especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), struggle to grasp and integrate Life Cycle Thinking into their processes, products, or services, as it's a requirement for ISO 14001:2015 certification. This article aims to present a step-by-step method for incorporating life cycle thinking into ISO 14001:2015 implementation, aligning it with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The methodology comprises three steps: i) a systematic literature review to identify life cycle thinking practices within ISO 14001:2015; ii) a detailed proposal for integrating LCT into ISO 14001:2015; and 3) a case study in a briquette manufacturing facility using this method for waste management. The results highlight that organizations can incorporate life cycle thinking into various ISO 14001:2015 clauses through simple and fast for use tools and activities, concurrently advancing SDGs. It's imperative for SMEs to integrate life cycle thinking into ISO 14001 implementation not only for tangible and intangible benefits but also because future ISO 14001 versions are expected to impose stricter life cycle requirements. 1400 companies efficiency access culture However mediumsized medium sized SMEs, , (SMEs) processes products services its s 140012015 2015 14001:201 stepbystep step by SDGs . (SDGs) steps i ii 3 management activities Its It requirements 140 (SMEs 14001201 201 14001:20 (SDGs 14 1400120 20 14001:2 1 140012 2 14001:

The use of agroindustry waste in the synthesis of bioadsorbents provides a solution to reduce the disposal of solid waste in the environment while increasing the added value of recovering locally sourced waste. However, technical and environmental issues must be considered when selecting the appropriate synthesis method to avoid creating a new environmental impact and evaluate the feasibility of applying the method. In this work, yellow mombin, guava and mango seeds were used to synthesize bioadsorbents capable of removing cadmium(II) in solution. The materials were characterized according to their chemical composition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and evaluated by adsorption kinetics tests. Energy analysis of biomass processing was performed by life cycle analysis (LCA). The bioadsorbents presented typical characteristics of lignocellulosic biomass, with the presence of functional groups favorable to the adsorption of metals and were effective in removing cadmium(II), with efficiency of 95.7, 92.4 and 60.2%, for BSG (guava seed bioadsorbent), BSC (yellow mombin seed bioadsorbent) and BSM (mango seed bioadsorbent), respectively. The error functions provided a more appropriate criterion for analyzing the kinetic data. The methodology proposed in this work is simple to implement and has a low estimated energy demand, therefore being promising for application in small fruit processing industries in the semi-arid region of Bahia. However cadmiumII cadmium II cadmium(II composition FTIR, FTIR , (FTIR) SEM (SEM tests LCA. LCA . (LCA) cadmiumII, 957 95 7 95.7 924 92 4 92. 602 60 2 60.2% bioadsorbent, bioadsorbent respectively data demand semiarid semi arid Bahia (FTIR (LCA 9 95. 6 60.2 60.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever os eventos que marcaram o desenvolvimento da família de pessoas com comportamento suicida. Metodologia: estudo baseado no Modelo Calgary de Avaliação Familiar. Participaram nove famílias de usuários do Núcleo de Estudo e Prevenção do Suicídio, em Salvador - Bahia, Brasil. Coleta de dados online, entre novembro de 2021 e maio de 2022. As perguntas foram estruturadas previamente em um formulário baseado no MCAF. Após transcrição das entrevistas, essas passaram pelos processos de transcriação e textualização. Resultados: entre as categorias que emergiram, destacam-se: Vivência de violência intrafamiliar como fator precipitador de comportamento suicida no ciclo vital das famílias; Abdicação de si em detrimento do cuidado a pessoa com comportamento suicida; e Vínculo com animais como fator protetivo para o comportamento suicida no desenvolvimento da família de pessoas com comportamento suicida. Conclusão: elucidando tais eventos, é possível vincular-se e intervir nos conflitos, bem como utilizá-los como fatores de proteção para as tentativas de suicídio. Objetivo Metodologia Familiar Suicídio Bahia Brasil online 202 2022 MCAF entrevistas textualização Resultados emergiram destacamse destacam se destacam-se Conclusão vincularse vincular conflitos utilizálos utilizá los suicídio 20 2

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the events that marked the development process experienced by families of people with suicidal behavior. Methodology: study based on the Calgary Family Assessment Model. The study had the participation of nine families of individuals who used the Suicide Study and Prevention Center located in the city of Salvador - Bahia, Brazil. Online data collection took place between November 2021 and May 2022. The questions were previously structured in a form based on the CFAM framework. Once transcribed, the interviews went through the transcreation and textualization processes. Results: among the categories that emerged, the following stand out: Experience of intra-family violence as a precipitating factor for suicidal behavior in the life cycle of the families; Self-renunciation in favor of caring for a person with suicidal behavior; and Animal bonding as a protective factor for suicidal behavior in the development process experienced by families of people with suicidal behavior. Conclusion: by elucidating such events, it is possible to connect with and intervene in the conflicts, as well as using them as protective factors against suicide attempts. Objective Methodology Model Bahia Brazil 202 2022 framework transcribed processes Results emerged out intrafamily intra family Selfrenunciation Self renunciation Conclusion conflicts attempts 20 2

RESUMEN Objective: describir los acontecimientos que marcaron el desarrollo de la familia de personas con conducta suicida. Metodología: estudio basado en el Modelo Calgary de Evaluación de la Familia. Participaron nueve familias de usuarios del Centro de Estudio y Prevención del Suicidio, en Salvador, Bahía, Brasil. La recolección de datos se realizó online, entre noviembre de 2021 y mayo de 2022. Las preguntas fueron previamente estructuradas en un formulario basado en el MCEF. Las entrevistas fueron transcriptas y después pasaron por los procesos de transcreación y textualización. Resultados: entre las categorías que surgieron se destacan: Experiencia de violencia intrafamiliar como factor precipitante de la conducta suicida en el ciclo de vida de las familias; Renuncia a sí mismo para priorizar el cuidado de la persona con conducta suicida; y Vínculo con animales como factor de protección contra la conducta suicida en el desarrollo de la familia de personas con conducta suicida. Conclusión: al dilucidar dichos acontecimientos es posible vincularse e intervenir en los conflictos, así como también utilizarlos como factores de protección contra el intento de suicidio. Objective Metodología Familia Suicidio Salvador Bahía Brasil online 202 2022 MCEF textualización Resultados destacan Conclusión conflictos suicidio 20 2

Abstract Composites are the recent ever-growing trend in the materials field of engineering. They have numerous applications in aerospace and automobile which make composites an inevitable research area. Currently, the research flow pattern centres around making sustainable green composites with accessible and overabundance of assets to contribute towards eco-friendly surroundings and waste management. In this paper, an attempt is made to reinforce natural fibres in polymer composite instead of synthetic fibres which are mostly non-biodegradable. Composite specimens are made with chemically treated cellulose microfibrils as reinforcements and epoxy as a matrix. Fatigue analysis of specimens prepared is carried out using ANSYS. The number of samples is decided based on the Box Behnken design (BBD), a design of experiments (DOE) method. The influences of parameters such as NaOH %, fibre diameter and Wt. % of Fibre on composite’s fatigue behaviour are investigated using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Optimised values of the input parameters are found to be 18.08 NaOH %, 250 µm fibre diameter and 3.778 Wt. % of Fibre which yields 1.3 x 106 cycles. evergrowing ever growing engineering area Currently ecofriendly eco friendly management paper nonbiodegradable. nonbiodegradable non biodegradable. biodegradable non-biodegradable matrix ANSYS BBD, BBD , (BBD) DOE (DOE method Wt s ANOVA. ANOVA . (ANOVA) 1808 18 08 18.0 25 3778 3 778 3.77 13 1 1. 10 cycles (BBD (ANOVA 180 0 18. 2 377 77 3.7 37 7 3.