ABSTRACT This article addresses the controversy created by the public reconfiguration of medical Cannabis in Brazil. The play character Antigone is borrowed to make sense of this transformation, reconstructed based on activist manifestations, especially of patients and their families. Public insurgent declarations emerge against prohibitionist legal provisions, referred to by the activists themselves as “peaceful civil disobedience,” under a moral key that breaks with the language of individual freedom, articulating notions of duty and necessity. Brazil transformation manifestations families provisions peaceful disobedience, disobedience freedom necessity

RESUMO O artigo trata da controvérsia instaurada pela reconfiguração do problema público da Cannabis medicinal no Brasil. Mobiliza-se a personagem Antígona para dar sentido a essa transformação, reconstruída a partir de manifestações de ativistas, em especial pacientes e familiares de pacientes. Percebe-se a emergência de declarações públicas de insurgência contra os dispositivos legais proibicionistas, referidos pela própria militância como “desobediência civil pacífica”, em uma chave moral que rompe com a linguagem da liberdade individual, articulando noções de dever e necessidade. Brasil Mobilizase Mobiliza se transformação ativistas Percebese Percebe proibicionistas desobediência pacífica, pacífica , pacífica” individual necessidade

In the course of the past three decades, the concept of "plain language" has garnered increasing attention. Recent developments have further solidified this field, given the International Federation for Plain Language's definition of plain language, as well as the introduction of an ISO (International Organisation for Standardisation) Standard for plain language in 2023. These milestones suggest that plain language is set to play a more significant role in public communication. The International Federation for Plain Language defines plain language as communication in which the wording, structure, and design are so clear that the target audience can effortlessly find, understand, and use the information they need. However, this definition has faced criticism for its vagueness. In an effort to refine the definition, the ISO Plain Language Standard was introduced. It includes four governing principles: 1) Readers get the information they need; 2) Readers can easily find what they need; 3) Readers can easily understand what they find; and 4) Readers can easily use the information. Both the definitions of the ISO Standard and the International Federation for Plain Language concentrate on the understandability and usability of information in creating effective plain language documents. In this article, I argue that alongside understandability and usability, user experience should be considered as a third measurable element of success in plain language documents. Although existing research primarily focuses on usability and understanding, it gives limited attention to user experience, whereas I argue that user experience is a crucial factor in the creation of successful plain language documents. More specifically, I explore in this article the preference of respondents for plain language techniques used in documents in an attempt to establish a connection between the user's experience of these techniques and the document's usability and understandability. I also delve into users' overall experience with plain language documents and assess whether there is a correlation between overall experience and users' perceptions of specific plain language techniques. I further analyse users'experiences with plain language techniques within specific contexts, namely the medical, legal, and financial domains, to determine if the context influences their experience. In addition, I investigate the relationship between users'experiences with plain language techniques and extratextual factors, such as qualification, income, home language, the variety of Afrikaans they speak, and their level of engagement with the document's content. This comprehensive analysis aims to clarify the role of user experience in the success of plain language documents and it potentially prompts a reconsideration of experience, in addition to understandability and usability, when creating successful plain language documents. The study employed a quantitative correlational research design to examine the relationship between respondents' experience of plain language techniques, understandability and usability, extratextual factors, and the contexts in which these documents are encountered. Data collection involved a questionnaire-based survey, with 506 respondents participating through convenience sampling. The survey was conducted on the SUNSurvey platform at Stellenbosch University and was shared across social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp to target individuals matching specific population characteristics. Respondents read one of 18 selected plain language documents and answered questions about the documents. Extratextual information, such as respondents' highest qualification level, annual income, home language, the variety of Afrikaans they speak, and the frequency with which they were exposed to the context, were collected. Engagement with the selected document was measured using Likert-scale statements. To assess understanding of the documents, factual questions were included, and usability questions were asked if respondents received one of the six forms that were tested. Experience with the plain language documents was also measured by means of Likert-scale statements. Importantly, respondents'experiences with specific plain language techniques were assessed, allowing them to express their experience with said techniques. The results of the study regarding respondents'experience of the plain language techniques used reveal overwhelmingly positive feedback. The Likert-scale ratings indicated that respondents across various demographic groups had favourable impressions of plain language techniques. This suggests that these techniques not only enhance document usability and understandability but are also well-received by users. The analysis of relationships between different variables yields intriguing findings. While many comparisons did not show statistically significant correlations, the noteworthy results are those that did. When examining respondents 'experiences with plain language techniques in documents across three contexts, no statistically significant relationship could be established, indicating positive experiences with these techniques across all contexts without contextual influence. In terms of understanding, most comparisons revealed a positive relationship between the experience of plain language techniques and understanding. This implies that respondents with more positive experiences better understood the documents, aligning with existing research and suggesting that improved understanding leads to more positive experiences. However, for usability there was no statistically significant relationship between the experience of plain language techniques and document usability, indicating that the study could not establish a clear link between these two factors. When considering extratextual factors, few statistically significant relationships were found. Only the respondents' home language showed a significant relationship with their experience of plain language techniques, suggesting that Afrikaans speakers had more positive experiences. For other extratextual factors, namely qualification, income level, and variety of Afrikaans, there were no significant correlations. In conclusion, this study highlights that positive experiences of plain language techniques are associated with better understandability, emphasising the importance of user experience in creating successful plain language documents. The results are positive for document designers, as diverse groups of people had positive experiences with these techniques, making plain language a tool for improving interactions with public documentation. This study suggests that considering user experience is crucial in defining plain language beyond just usability and understandability.

Die definisies van sowel die International Federation for Plain Language as die ISO Gewone Taal Standaard beklemtoon dat verstaanbaarheid en bruikbaarheid noodsaaklik is vir die skep van optimale gewonetaaldokumente. In hierdie studie voer ek egter aan dat daar 'n derde meetbare element van gewonetaaldokumente is wat 'n effek op die sukses daarvan het, naamlik die manier waarop die verbruiker die gewonetaaldokumente ervaar. Vir hierdie studie is ' n kwantitatiewe korrelasionele navorsingsontwerp gebruik om die verhouding tussen respondente se ervaring, verstaanbaarheid, en bruikbaarheid van gewone-taaldokumente, asook respondente se persoonlike eienskappe, en die kontekste waarin die gewonetaaldokumente voorkom, te bepaal. Opnamenavorsing met 'n vraelys as die data-insamelingsinstrument is uitgevoer en 506 respondente het aan die studie deelgeneem. Die resultate van die studie dui daarop dat respondente oor die algemeen positiewe ervarings met gewonetaaltegnieke in dokumente gehad het. Verder is 'n sterk positiewe verhouding tussen die ervaring en die verstaanbaarheid van die gewonetaaldokumente gevind. Dit dui aan dat 'n positiewe ervaring tot 'n beter begrip van die dokumente bydra. Dit is egter nie die geval met bruikbaarheid nie, aangesien geen statisties beduidende verhouding hier gevind is nie. Wat betref buitetekstuele faktore, het slegs huistaal 'n statisties beduidende invloed op die ervaring van gewonetaaltegnieke gehad. Die resultate van hierdie studie dui dus daarop dat ervaring 'n belangrike faktor is in die sukses van gewonetaaldokumente, en gevolglik oorweeg moet word om ervaring as een van die elemente in die definisie van gewone taal in te sluit.

Abstract: Antígona González (2012) by Sara Uribe (Querétaro, 1978) is a play that cannot be reduced to the legal and political language of denunciation and human rights but can be read as a poetics of the sacred. From its link with Sophocles’ Antigone and the discussion with Agamben’s homo sacer, this article contemplates Antígona González as a play that criticizes the principle of sovereignty and underlines the importance of the name and the body, in a sacred poetics of dispossession.

Resumen: Antígona González (2012) de Sara Uribe (Querétaro, 1978) es una obra que no debe ser reducida al lenguaje jurídico y político de la denuncia y los derechos humanos sino que puede ser leída como una poética de lo sagrado. A partir de su vinculación con la Antígona de Sófocles y de la discusión con el homo sacer de Agamben, este artículo contempla Antígona González como una obra que critica el principio de soberanía y subraya la importancia del nombre y del cuerpo, en una poética sagrada de la desapropiación.

Resumen En nuestra experiencia de investigación con expedientes judiciales por el delito de trata de personas con fines de explotación sexual, hemos identificado un mecanismo recurrente mediante el cual personas que participan del mercado sexual, apropiándose de los dispositivos antitrata, realizan denuncias en sede policial o judicial para procesar conflictos interpersonales o disputas por las condiciones de trabajo y el incumplimiento del arreglo laboral. Algunas de estas denuncias evidencian situaciones de abuso de poder, violencias, conflictos y rivalidades en el marco de arreglos laborales y relaciones que funcionan en un marco de ilegalismos, y que no disponen —ya sea por los modos de vida de los/las involucrados/as o del asunto controvertido— de un mecanismo institucionalizado para su resolución. Otras dan cuenta de intencionalidades más precisas por parte de actores que buscan venganza frente a hechos que consideran agraviantes o injustos. En este trabajo analizamos tres causas judiciales por trata de personas que tramitaron en distintas jurisdicciones del país, las cuales nos permiten explorar desde una perspectiva antropológica, por un lado, la lógica que subyace a estos conflictos y venganzas desde el punto de vista de los/as actores, y por el otro, los efectos de su traducción en términos de la lengua legal. Así una «escucha» antropológica de los expedientes permite una lectura contextualizada de los relatos de las muchas veces consideradas «víctimas» por el dispositivo judicial, brindando una alternativa a la dicotomía «víctima» o «trabajadora» como identidades esencializadas.

Abstract In our research experience with judicial files for crimes of trafficking in persons for the purposes of sexual exploitation, we have identified a recurring mechanism by which people who participate in the sexual commerce , appropriating anti-trafficking policies, make complaints to the police or judicial headquarters. to process interpersonal conflicts or disputes over the conditions of the employment arrangement. Some of these complaints show situations of abuse of power, violence, conflicts and rivalries within the framework of work arrangements and relationships that operate within a framework of illegality, and that do not have —either due to the lifestyles of those involved or the controversial issue— of an institutionalized mechanism for its resolution. Others report more precise intentions on the part of actors who seek revenge against events that they consider offensive or unfair. In this work we analyze three judicial cases for human trafficking that were processed in different jurisdictions of the country, which allow us to explore from an anthropological perspective, on the one hand, the logic that underlies these conflicts and revenge from the point of view of the the actors, and on the other, the effects of their translation in terms of the legal language. Thus, an anthropological «listening» of the files allows a contextualized reading of the narratives of those often considered «victims» by the judicial system, providing an alternative to the dichotomy «victim» or «worker» as essentialized identities.

O texto tem como objetivo analisar o surgimento do Kichwa em algumas universidades do Equador, através do paradigma qualitativo; considerando que a língua Kichwa foi historicamente excluída das academias sob o conceito de Yanka shimi (língua sem prestígio). Uma língua desprezada durante vários séculos; Atualmente, tem lugar na Constituição Política do Equador e em algumas universidades do país, seja como disciplina, publicações em revistas científicas, criação de cursos de pós-graduação esporadicamente, cursos de formação em universidades públicas e privadas, publicações de livros e capítulos de livros. Portanto, a atuação dos Kichwa nos espaços universitários não caminha em um campo pacífico, mas em constante disputa. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi o hermenêutico devido à interpretação multidisciplinar de fontes primárias e secundárias. As conclusões relevantes sugerem: a) O surgimento do Kichwa em algumas universidades do país; b) a emergência dos Kichwa nos espaços académicos não é um campo pacífico mas sim de luta; c) apesar do reconhecimento legal e acadêmico da língua, ainda existem muitas ações concretas, por exemplo, criação de programas de doutorado para forjar pesquisas rigorosas e originais; d) O Kichwa, historicamente, tem sido utilizado como estratégia de insurgência, mas também de múltiplos diálogos.

The text proposes to analyze the irruption of Kichwa in some universities of Ecuador, through the qualitative paradigm; considering that the Kichwa language has been historically excluded from the academies under the concept of yanka shimi (language without prestige). A language underestimated for several centuries; currently, it has a place in the Political Constitution of Ecuador and in some universities of the country, either as a subject, publications in scientific journals, creation of postgraduate courses sporadically, training courses in public and private universities, publications of books and book chapters. Therefore, the operation of kichwa in university spaces does not move in a peaceful field, but in a field of constant dispute. The research method used was hermeneutic due to the multidisciplinary interpretation of primary and secondary sources. The relevant conclusions suggest: a) the emergence of kichwa in some universities of the country; b) the irruption of kichwa in academic spaces is not a peaceful field but a field of struggle; c) despite the legal and academic recognition of the language, there are still many concrete actions, for example, the creation of doctoral programs to forge rigorous and original research; d) kichwa, historically, has been wielded as a strategy of insurgency, but also of multiple dialogues.

Kay killkashkaka imashinalla, Ecuador mama llaktapi, kichwa shimi hatun yachana wasikunaman yaykurishkamantami willan yuyachinpash; ashtawantakka, umanarichin yuyarichin ñanta katishpa; willanpashmi, imashinalla kichwa shimi paypak kawsaypi kamishka, pakachishka karuyachishka kashka hatun yachana wasikunamanta, yanka shimillami kan nishpa. Kichwa shimika achka watakunata pampachishka washaka; kunan pachapika, mama llaktapak kamachikpi, hatun yachana wasikunapipash chaskishkami kashka, yachanapak, kamukunapi killkanapak, kamukunapi ñawirinapak, taripanapak, yachaykunapi rimanapakpish. Shinallatak, kichwa shimipakka hatun yachana wasikunapi purinaka mana hawallachu kashka, mana shamuylla nishkakunachu, sinchi makanakuypimi purín. Kay taripay katik ñanpika tawka killkashkakunatami hamutarka. Kay puchukay yuyaykunawanmi chayarka: a) imashinami kichwa shimi maykan hatun yachana wasikunaman chayarka; b) Amawtay wasikunan, kichwa shimipak chayanaka mana hawallachu kashka, sinchitami makanakushka; c) Hatun kamachikkunapi kichwa shimita tiyankimi nikpipash, acha ruraykuna illanrakmi, ashtawan killkashpa, taripashpa katinakapak; d) kichwa shimika watan watankunata makanakunapakpash chimpapura rimanakunapakpishmi alli kashka.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the medical record is the most important legal document in healthcare management, systematically reflecting the biological, psychological, and social aspects of the patient. The creation of the electronic medical record at the 'Dr. Carlos Castellanos Blanco' Nursing Home benefits both the patient and the professional due to the security and confidence it provides. Objective: to develop the architecture for managing the information of medical records at the 'Dr. Carlos Castellanos Blanco' Nursing Home in Pinar del Río. Methods: the research is based on observation, interviews with those involved in the processes, and document review, incorporating technological innovation using Extreme Programming as the methodology for software analysis and design stages. Unified Modeling Language (UML) and StarUML are employed for artifact modeling, and Axure Rp is used to create the prototype of the computer application. Results: it allowed the analysis, management, and decision-making in all patient entry processes related to medical records in the nursing home. Conclusions: a prototype was developed that facilitated the evaluation of the computer application with the doctors before its implementation, ensuring its alignment with the proposed objective.

RESUMEN Introducción: la historia clínica es el documento legal de mayor importancia en la gestión médica asistencial, donde se reflejan, de forma sistemática, los aspectos biológicos, psicológicos y sociales del enfermo. Con la creación de la Historia Clínica electrónica del Hogar de Ancianos se beneficia el paciente y el profesional por la seguridad y confianza que genera. Objetivo: desarrollar la arquitectura para la gestión de la información de las historias clínicas, en el Hogar de Ancianos “Dr. Carlos Castellanos Blanco” de Pinar del Río. Métodos: investigación apoyada en la observación, la entrevista con los implicados en los procesos y la revisión de documentos, siendo la misma de innovación tecnológica utilizando la Programación Extrema como metodología para el desarrollo de las etapas de análisis y diseño del software; el Lenguaje Unificado de Modelado y StarUML la herramienta para la modelación de los artefactos y el Axure Rp para elaborar el prototipo de la aplicación informática. Resultados: permitió analizar, gestionar y toma de decisiones en todos los procesos de entrada al paciente que se realiza con relación a la historia clínica en el hogar de anciano. Conclusiones: se desarrolló un prototipo que facilitó la evaluación de la aplicación informática, con los médicos, antes de su implementación, garantizando que la misma integre el objetivo propuesto.

Resumen: La preocupación por la claridad y comprensión del lenguaje jurídico es una tendencia creciente, de la que Uruguay no ha escapado. Dentro de la problemática, el uso del lenguaje inclusivo o no sexista ocupa un lugar particular. En este contexto, este trabajo presenta el panorama en la Administración Pública uruguaya: su marco normativo, su alcance y sus usos, por medio del estudio de un corpus específico. Los resultados obtenidos son dispares y revelan que Uruguay ha recorrido un camino oscilante y, tal vez, confuso, que merece evaluación y nuevas decisiones institucionales

Abstract: Concerns regarding the clarity and comprehension of legal language are a growing trend, one from which Uruguay has not been exempt. Within this issue, the use of inclusive or non-sexist language holds a particular place. In this context, this work presents an overview of the Uruguayan Public Administration: its regulatory framework, its scope, and its uses, through the study of a specific corpus. The results obtained are varied and reveal that Uruguay has traversed a fluctuating and perhaps confusing path, deserving of assessment and new institutional decisions

Resumo: A preocupação pela clareza e compreensão da linguagem jurídica é uma tendência crescente, da qual o Uruguai não escapou. Dentro dessa problemática, o uso da linguagem inclusiva ou não sexista ocupa um lugar particular. Nesse contexto, este trabalho apresenta o panorama na Administração Pública uruguaia: seu marco normativo, sua abrangência e seus usos, por meio do estudo de um corpus específico. Os resultados obtidos são díspares e revelam que o Uruguai percorreu um caminho oscilante e, talvez, confuso, que merece avaliação e novas decisões institucionais

Abstract Scientific advances and the complexity of the sociological context in which medicine is practised in an increasingly globalised and interconnected world raise new ethical and legal questions about the rights and obligations of patients, health professionals and public health care services. Despite the significant and undeniable progress brought about by the paradigm shift in the doctor-patient relationship and the great development of medical law and bioethics in recent years, patients continue to encounter serious linguistic and cultural obstacles to exercising their right to information and decision-making in relation to their health. In this paper we present part of the results of the HIPOCRATES research project of the Spanish GENTT group, aimed at humanising health care by improving doctor-patient communication in multilingual environments. Specifically, we will focus on the advances made in the textual analysis of the Informed Consent (IC), a medical genre of great relevance in clinical translation and writing due to its ethical and legal implications. Its lexical-syntactic complexity and the lack of standardised patterns in its writing hinder its comprehensibility and makes it difficult to identify the rhetorical sequences in which the communicative and legal functions of this genre are embodied. We present a textual analysis tool (ProText GENTT), which uses machine learning to exploit corpora with traditional techniques and artificial intelligence and with which we have analysed a multilingual (Spanish, Catalan and English) corpus of IC texts compiled by our research group (GENTT_Corpus). This analysis has allowed us to identify the linguistic-textual and rhetorical elements that hinder comprehension. From these results, our team is currently working on proposing optimized models with different levels of complexity both in printed and digital formats (e-consent). services doctorpatient doctor patient years decisionmaking decision making environments Specifically IC, , (IC) implications lexicalsyntactic lexical syntactic embodied ProText GENTT, GENTT) Spanish, (Spanish English GENTT_Corpus. GENTTCorpus GENTT_Corpus . Corpus (GENTT_Corpus) linguistictextual comprehension econsent. econsent e consent (e-consent) (IC (GENTT_Corpus (e-consent

Resumen Los avances científicos y la complejidad del contexto sociológico en el cual se practica la medicina en un mundo cada día más globalizado e interconectado plantean nuevos interrogantes éticos y legales sobre los derechos y obligaciones de los pacientes, los profesionales de la salud y los servicios públicos de atención sanitaria. A pesar del avance significativo e innegable que supone el cambio de paradigma en la relación médico-paciente y el gran desarrollo que ha conocido el derecho médico y la bioética en los últimos años, la población sigue encontrando serios obstáculos lingüísticos y culturales para ejercer su derecho a la información y a la toma de decisiones en relación con su salud. En este trabajo presentamos parte de los resultados del proyecto de investigación HIPÓCRATES del grupo español GENTT, dirigido a humanizar la atención sanitaria mediante la mejora de la comunicación médico-paciente en entornos multilingües. En concreto, nos centraremos en los avances realizados en la investigación de los aspectos textuales del Consentimiento Informado (CI), un género médico cuya redacción y traducción tiene un gran impacto en contextos clínicos debido a sus implicaciones éticas y legales. La complejidad léxico-sintáctica de este género y la falta de patrones estandarizados en su redacción dificultan la comprensibilidad, así como la identificación de las secuencias retóricas en las que se plasman la funciones comunicativa y legal, especialmente cuando emisor y receptor tienen idiomas y culturas médicas diferentes. Presentaremos la herramienta de análisis textual ProText GENTT, desarrollada en el contexto del proyecto, que utiliza técnicas tradicionales de explotación de corpus combinadas con aprendizaje automático e inteligencia artificial. Con la ayuda de esta herramienta hemos realizado un análisis del corpus multilingüe (español, catalán e inglés) de textos de CI compilado por nuestro equipo (GENTT_Corpus), que nos ha permitido identificar los principales elementos lingüístico-textuales y retóricos que dificultan su comprensión. A partir de estos resultados, nuestro grupo trabaja actualmente en la propuesta de modelos optimizados con distintos niveles de complejidad tanto en formato tradicional como digital (e-consent). pacientes médicopaciente paciente años GENTT multilingües concreto CI, , (CI) léxicosintáctica léxico sintáctica comprensibilidad legal diferentes artificial español, (español inglés GENTT_Corpus, GENTTCorpus GENTT_Corpus Corpus (GENTT_Corpus) lingüísticotextuales lingüístico comprensión econsent. econsent consent . (e-consent) (CI (GENTT_Corpus (e-consent

Abstract: Introduction: As a substantial component of the doctor-patient relationship, communication can be crucial in the construction of a diagnostic hypothesis and patient adherence to treatment. It is therefore necessary to understand the factors that influence the communicative process and describe the effectiveness of the communication. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the impacts of inadequate communication in the doctor-patient relationship. Method: Twenty-three voluntary patients of legal age completed questionnaires on socioeconomic information, language use, and impressions of the medical consultation. The doctor filled out a questionnaire regarding their experience of the consultation. Result: The results indicated that patients experienced some difficulty in communicating their feelings to the doctor, and furthermore, in 20% of cases, doctors encountered some degree of difficulty in reaching a diagnostic hypothesis based on the patient’s report, which is related to the predominantly non-descriptive language used by most patients. Conclusion: Given the need for high quality communication between the doctor and the patient, understanding the factors that impact the communicative process is the first step towards ensuring effective care with patient autonomy and improved adherence to the treatment plan. Abstract Introduction doctorpatient relationship Objective Method Twentythree Twenty three information use consultation Result furthermore 20 cases s report nondescriptive non descriptive Conclusion plan 2

Resumo: Introdução: Como um componente substancial na relação médico-paciente, a comunicação pode ser determinante na construção da hipótese diagnóstica e na adesão ao tratamento por parte do paciente, e, por isso, há a necessidade de compreender os fatores que influenciam no processo comunicativo e descrever a efetividade dele. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os impactos da comunicação inadequada na relação médico-paciente. Método: Vinte e três pacientes voluntários com a maioridade atingida preencheram questionários de informações socioeconômicas, uso da linguagem e impressões da consulta médica. O médico preencheu um questionário sobre a experiência da consulta. Resultado: Os resultados indicaram que os pacientes apresentaram alguma dificuldade em comunicar ao médico o que sentiam, e, de modo complementar, os médicos, em 20% dos casos, tiveram algum grau de dificuldade de chegar à hipótese diagnóstica a partir do relato do paciente, o que se relaciona com a linguagem pouco descritiva utilizada pela maior parte dos pacientes. Conclusão: Dada a necessidade da qualidade da comunicação entre o médico e o paciente, conhecer os fatores que impactam o processo comunicativo é o primeiro passo para a garantia de um atendimento eficaz com autonomia do paciente e maior adesão ao plano terapêutico. Resumo Introdução médicopaciente, médicopaciente médico-paciente isso dele Objetivo médicopaciente. paciente. Método socioeconômicas médica Resultado sentiam complementar médicos 20 casos Conclusão terapêutico 2

With clear and objective language, this article invites the reader to reflect on the relationship between autism and Brazilian Chemical Education. Here, we begin with approaches to autism in legal terms, which allow the reader to understand how autistic people and their families have their rights guaranteed by law, especially in the school. We also present the point of view of the teacher who trains the graduate and the one who receives an autistic student in the classroom, with reflections about their training curricula that are imperfect in terms of inclusion, which generates situations of discomfort and frustration in their work. We continue to discuss how inclusive education strategies adopted by professors in the area of chemistry aimed at autistic students have stood out, even in the midst of a scarce bibliographic reference. Finally, we turn our attention to one of the main places where inclusion takes place: the school, with valuable discussions about the role that it has played in the inclusion of the autistic student. language Education Here law school classroom work out reference Finally place

This contribution provides a review of the publication: "Linguistics for Legal interpretation" written by Prof TR Carney.

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the quality dimension of methodological clarity of the National Registry of Health Establishments (CNES), considering the approach to forms of contracting in the system. This is a documentary research with a qualitative approach, which analyzed the CNES and its documents. Documents that included the following were selected: table of professional relationships and/or forms of hiring. Based on the concept adopted for the dimension of methodological clarity quality, the categories accessibility, content, variables, language, and usability were outlined. In the period from 2005 to 2020, 17 documents were published. Of those, three documents stood out: The version’s Readme, the Domain Table, and the CNES Filling Manual. The CNES website underwent restructuring and not all features were completed. The current website has a more modern and easy-to-understand interface. The change from the administrative sphere variable to the legal nature, in 2015, may make historical series analysis difficult. It is evident that the CNES pays more attention to methodological clarity, considering the approach to the ways of hiring health professionals, included in the system. CNES, , (CNES) system selected andor or accessibility content variables language outlined 200 2020 1 published those out versions version s Readme Table Manual completed easytounderstand easy understand interface nature 2015 difficult professionals (CNES 20 202 201 2

RESUMO Este artigo analisa a dimensão de qualidade clareza metodológica do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES), considerando a abordagem das formas de contratação inseridas no sistema. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental com abordagem qualitativa, que analisou o CNES e seus documentos. Foram selecionados os documentos que contemplaram os descritores: tabela de vínculos de profissionais e/ou formas de contratação. A partir do conceito adotado para a dimensão de qualidade clareza metodológica, foram delineadas as categorias acessibilidade, conteúdo, variáveis, linguagem e usabilidade. No período de 2005 a 2020, foram publicados 17 documentos. Desses, três documentos se sobressaíram: o Leia-me da versão, a Tabela de Domínios e o Manual de preenchimento do CNES. O site do CNES passava por uma reestruturação, e nem todas as funcionalidades estavam devidamente implementadas. O site atual apresentou uma interface mais moderna e de fácil compreensão. A mudança da variável esfera administrativa para natureza jurídica, em 2015, pode dificultar a análise em série histórica. Evidencia-se que o CNES carece de melhor atenção quanto à clareza metodológica, considerando a abordagem das formas de contratação dos profissionais de saúde, inseridas no sistema. CNES, , (CNES) sistema Tratase Trata qualitativa descritores eou ou acessibilidade conteúdo variáveis usabilidade 200 2020 1 Desses sobressaíram Leiame Leia me versão reestruturação implementadas compreensão jurídica 2015 histórica Evidenciase Evidencia saúde (CNES 20 202 201 2

The Basic Education Laws Amendment Bill (BELA Bill) is one of the most significant reforms to the South African basic education legal framework since 1994. While the amendments impact on a wide range of issues, this article focuses specifically on the BELA Bill's amendments to the policy-making functions of the localised structures in education governance, known as school governing bodies (SGBs), in particular, changes to the unchecked autonomy the SGBs in making language and admission policies for schools. The article notes that the model of education decentralisation that was adopted in post-1994 democratic South African has been highly contested. This manifested during the country's 1994 negotiated transition, continued in the school governance litigation and in the BELA Bill public participation processes. The article argues that the jurisprudence emanating from school governance litigation acknowledges the history of racism and apartheid spatial injustice that has had the effect of limiting access to well-resourced schools for black people in South Africa. The South African Constitutional Court, therefore, placed a duty on SGBs when formulating policies to be cognisant of the broader systemic concerns in education impacting on the access rights of learners. The jurisprudence has now been codified into law in the school governance reforms in the BELA Bill. The article illustrates how the formulation of school governance principles, and their ultimate inclusion in the BELA Bill, exists as a case study in transformative constitutionalism beyond the courts. This is due to a range of contributing factors, such as the interventions of progressive amici in these cases; a degree of judicial activism displayed by the Constitutional Court in the school governance litigation; the proactive codification by the state of the jurisprudential principles; and the progressive support for the inclusion of the school governance amendments in the BELA Bill during the public participation processes.

Abstract Galicia, an autonomous community and historic nationality of Spain, has linguistic and cultural, as well as social and economic links with Portugal and Brazil. But what is its legal relationship with the Portuguese-speaking states as a whole? This question arises because of the maturity of the international Portuguese-speaking organisation, the Community of Portuguese Language Countries, or CPLP, and its international attractiveness. What opportunities does Galicia have to join this organisation? Can the CPLP, as a structure, integrate in its organisation a sub-national entity, as is the case for Galicia? What are the points of contact between the law of the Portuguese-speaking countries and Galicia? Finally, what is Galicia's interest in joining the 'Lusophony'? While Galicia has indeed developed political, cultural and legal relations with the CPLP, it is doubtful whether a genuine common legal culture is emerging, either within the CPLP, or between Galicia and the Portuguese-speaking states.

Résumé La Galice, communauté autonome et nationalité historique de l’Espagne, entretient des liens linguistiques et culturels, mais aussi sociaux et économiques, avec le Portugal et avec le Brésil. Mais quelle est sa relation juridique avec les États de langue portugaise dans leur ensemble ? La question se pose du fait de la maturité que l’organisation internationale lusophone, la Communauté des Pays de Langue Portugaise, ou CPLP, a acquis, et de son attractivité internationale. Quelles sont les possibilités, pour la Galice, de s’associer à cette organisation? La CPLP, en tant que structure, peut-elle intégrer dans son organisation une entité infranational comme c’est le cas de la Galice ? Par ailleurs, quels sont les points de contacts entre les droits de ces pays lusophones et la Galice? Enfin, quel intérêt a la Galice à s’associer à la « lusophonie »? Si la Galice a effectivement développé des relations politiques, culturelles et juridiques avec la CPLP, on peut cependant douter qu’une véritable culture juridique commune soit en train d’émerger, aussi bien au sein de la CPLP qu’entre la Galice et les États de langue portugaise.

Abstract The article examines the way in which two Costa Rican judicial authorities –law courts– behave pragmatically when delivering some of their decisions. With this objective, the text summarizes, in the first place, theoretical contributions about legal language and discourse and then exposes the characteristics of judicial sentences, texts through which a judicial authority presents, to the interested parties and the public in general, the reasons that lead them to make the decision in a case. This theoretical basis serves to, in a second section, study the discourse of some judicial sentences from linguistic pragmatics, fundamentally from Critical Discourse Studies and Speech Act Theory. As a result of this analysis, the text proposes a new classification of substantiation strategies used by the Costa Rican judicial authorities to motivate their decisions.

Resumen El artículo examina la manera en cómo dos autoridades judiciales costarricenses –tribunales de derecho– se comportan pragmáticamente al emitir algunas de sus decisiones. Con ese objetivo, el texto resume, en primer lugar, aportes teóricos acerca del lenguaje y el discurso jurídico para luego exponer las características de las sentencias judiciales, textos a través de los cuales una autoridad judicial presenta, a las partes interesadas y el público en general, las razones que le llevan a tomar la decisión en un caso. Esa base teórica sirve para, en un segundo apartado, estudiar el discurso de algunas sentencias judiciales desde la pragmática lingüística con especial énfasis en los Estudios Críticos del Discurso y la Teoría de los Actos de Habla. Como resultado de ese análisis, el texto propone una novedosa clasificación de estrategias de fundamentación que utilizan las autoridades judiciales costarricenses para motivar sus decisiones.