Abstract The article critiques our understanding of the struggle for rights, particularly addressing us, "legal critics." It draws on various forms of political organization within Brazil's popular movements and a reinterpretation of our theoretical tradition. We adopt the hypothesis that the ways we conceive the politics of social emancipation are tied to how we diagnose and interpret the role of rights struggles. Our contribution to this debate engages with recent movements, coalitions, and rights advocacy platforms that have emerged in the country post-2013, which emphasize the centrality of rights-based discourse in their names, action strategies, and political organization forms. We will illustrate how these recent experiences, organized in coalitions and platforms of subjects and practices, concretely and conceptually weave an organizational ecology of social struggle that challenges our traditional repertoires of critical analysis, raising new issues concerning the stakes involved when addressing the multiple crises of liberal democracy and the roles of rights language in social transformation. Subsequently, we will revisit, as a glimpse, part of the traditional critique of rights typically developed in the country, which has served as a theoretical bulwark to contest the potentialities of social struggles expressed in legal grammars, comparing it to the paths opened by the narrated experiences. Proposing to add another reflective matrix to the traditional agendas for the critique of rights in Brazil, we will explore a theoretical path opened by our recent research agendas, which tests the profitability of rights critique by considering it through political organization theory, as an ecology of praxis, and some of its analytical developments. The aim is to illustrate the profitability of a critique that is more political than prescriptive regarding these experiences, seeking to regenerate our materialist analysis repertoires in "ecological" terms, recognizing how the creative plurality of subjects and practices can be transformed into a strength rather than a weakness of social struggle forms. us critics. critics Brazils Brazil s tradition post2013, post2013 post 2013, 2013 post-2013 rightsbased based names strategies experiences transformation Subsequently revisit glimpse grammars theory praxis developments ecological "ecological terms post201 201 post-201 post20 20 post-20 post2 2 post-2 post-

Resumo O artigo é uma crítica sobre o quê pensamos sobre a luta por direitos, dirigindo-me, sobretudo, a nós, “críticos do Direito”, partindo de diferentes formas de organização política do campo popular brasileiro e de uma releitura da nossa tradição teórica. Adotamos a hipótese de que as maneiras de conceber a política de emancipação social está atrelada a como diagnosticamos e interpretamos o papel atribuído às lutas por direitos. Nossa contribuição a esse debate dialoga com recentes movimentos, coalizões e plataformas de luta, surgidas no país pós 2013, e que carregam em seus nomes, estratégias de ação e formas de organização política a centralidade da gramática dos direitos. Ilustraremos como essas experiências recentes, organizadas em coalizões e plataformas de sujeitos e de práticas, tramam, concreta e conceitualmente, uma ecologia organizativa de luta social que questiona nossos repertórios tradicionais de análise crítica, trazendo novos problemas sobre o que está em jogo quando abordamos as múltiplas crises da democracia liberal e os papéis da linguagem dos direitos para a transformação social. Em seguida, iremos resgatar, como vislumbre, parte da tradição da crítica dos direitos usualmente trabalhada no país, que tem servido de anteparo teórico para contestar as potencialidades das lutas sociais expressas em gramáticas jurídicas, para coteja-la frente aos caminhos abertos pelas experiências narradas. Propondo acrescentar às tradicionais agendas outra matriz reflexiva para a crítica dos direitos no Brasil, iremos explorar um caminho teórico aberto por nossas agendas de pesquisa recentes, que testa a rentabilidade da crítica dos direitos pensando-a por meio da teoria da organização política, como uma ecologia da práxis, e alguns de seus desdobramentos analíticos. O objetivo é ilustrar a rentabilidade de uma crítica mais política do que prescritiva sobre essas experiências, buscando regenerar nossos repertórios materialistas de análise, em termos “ecológicos”, reconhecendo como a pluralidade criativa de sujeitos e de práticas pode ser transformada em força e não em fraqueza das formas de luta social. dirigindome, dirigindome dirigindo me, me dirigindo-me sobretudo nós críticos Direito, Direito , Direito” teórica movimentos 2013 nomes tramam conceitualmente seguida resgatar vislumbre jurídicas cotejala coteja la narradas Brasil pensandoa pensando práxis analíticos ecológicos, ecológicos “ecológicos” 201 “ecológicos 20 2

ABSTRACT This article addresses the controversy created by the public reconfiguration of medical Cannabis in Brazil. The play character Antigone is borrowed to make sense of this transformation, reconstructed based on activist manifestations, especially of patients and their families. Public insurgent declarations emerge against prohibitionist legal provisions, referred to by the activists themselves as “peaceful civil disobedience,” under a moral key that breaks with the language of individual freedom, articulating notions of duty and necessity. Brazil transformation manifestations families provisions peaceful disobedience, disobedience freedom necessity

RESUMO O artigo trata da controvérsia instaurada pela reconfiguração do problema público da Cannabis medicinal no Brasil. Mobiliza-se a personagem Antígona para dar sentido a essa transformação, reconstruída a partir de manifestações de ativistas, em especial pacientes e familiares de pacientes. Percebe-se a emergência de declarações públicas de insurgência contra os dispositivos legais proibicionistas, referidos pela própria militância como “desobediência civil pacífica”, em uma chave moral que rompe com a linguagem da liberdade individual, articulando noções de dever e necessidade. Brasil Mobilizase Mobiliza se transformação ativistas Percebese Percebe proibicionistas desobediência pacífica, pacífica , pacífica” individual necessidade

Resumen Este artículo propone algunos de los principales elementos teóricos y conceptuales para fundamentar los derechos de los animales. Este tipo de derechos ha encontrado serias restricciones en el concepto vigente de derechos humanos, el cual ha sido construido a partir de una tradición centrada en el individuo moderno, dotado de conciencia, lenguaje y juicio para actuar conforme a la moral y al derecho. Al tratarse de la única criatura que puede autodeterminarse y ser libre, el ser humano tiene un valor intrínseco, la dignidad, que no tendrían los animales y que lo hace merecedor del máximo estatus moral y de protección jurídica. Esto lleva al problema que se busca enfrentar: cómo superar las limitaciones del concepto de derechos humanos que impiden la fundamentación del estatus moral y quizá de unos derechos básicos de los animales. El diseño metodológico de la investigación consiste, por una parte, en la descripción de los principales planteamientos teóricos que, desde la teoría moral y política, se han propuesto en relación con los derechos de los animales; por otra parte, con la formulación analítica de algunas distinciones conceptuales que permiten avanzar en la fundamentación de los derechos de los animales. Este análisis muestra que no existe una simetría entre derechos y deberes; que la dignidad puede ser vista desde dos acepciones, intrínseca y extrínseca; que existe diferencia entre agentes morales y sujetos de derechos; y que estos elementos permiten entender el lugar que ocupan humanos y animales en una misma comunidad moral y jurídica. En conclusión, estas distinciones facilitan definir con mayor claridad unos derechos básicos para los animales y ampliar el espectro acerca de quiénes pueden ser sujetos de derechos.

Abstract This article proposes some of the principal theoretical and conceptual elements to support animal rights. This right type has found severe restrictions in the current concept of human rights, built from a tradition focused on the modern individual endowed with conscience, language, and judgment to act by morality and law. Being the only creatures that can self-determine and be free, human beings have an intrinsic value and dignity that animals would not have, which makes them deserving of the highest moral status and legal protection. This leads to the problem we seek to tackle: how to overcome the limitations of the concept of human rights that prevent the foundation of the moral status and perhaps fundamental rights of animals. The methodological design of the research consists, on the one hand, of the description of the main theoretical approaches that have been raised from moral and political theory about animal rights and, on the other hand, of some proposals and conceptual distinctions that allow progress in the foundation of animal rights. This analysis shows that there is no symmetry between rights and duties, that dignity can be seen from two perspectives, intrinsic and extrinsic, that there is a distinction between legal persons and rights-holders, and that all these elements allow us to more adequately understand the place that humans and animals occupy in the same ethical and legal community. In conclusion, these distinctions will enable us to formulate fundamental animal rights more clearly and expand the spectrum of rights-holders.

Abstract Metaphors are an all-pervasive feature of legal language that reflects and shapes the perception, interpretation, and application of the law across jurisdictions. This study aims to map and enhance the understanding of the cognitive structure and overall usage of metaphors in legal discourse, focusing specifically on the genre of judgments of the European Court of Justice. To this end, the Eur-Lex judgments corpus has been scrutinized by using the corpus-based methods and the Sketch Engine corpus query tool for determining the most frequently used conceptual metaphors for five target domains: LAW, COURT, RIGHTS, DISCRIMINATION, and COMPANY. Along with unearthing the most typically used metaphoric conceptualizations for the target domains, the data suggest that the analyzed metaphors are not incidental, isolated, mental conceptualizations, but rather part of a conceptual cluster forming a variety of relations. Additionally, some implications have been drawn for teaching legal English by advocating the introduction of metaphors while illustrating the use of the corpus-based methodology for the development of effective evidence-based authentic ESP teaching materials to foster metaphoric competence, an area surprisingly neglected in legal English textbooks.

Resumen Las metáforas constituyen una herramienta omnipresente del lenguaje legal que reflejan y moldean la percepción, interpretación y aplicación de la normativa legal en las respectivas jurisdicciones. Este estudio tiene por objetivo analizar y ayudar a comprender mejor la estructura cognitiva y el uso en general de la metáfora en el discurso legal con un enfoque específico en las sentencias de la Corte de Justicia Europea. Para estos fines, el cuerpo de sentencias de Eur-Lex ha sido examinado empleando métodos basados en el corpus y utilizando también el motor de búsqueda Sketch Engine para determinar las conceptualizaciones metafóricas más frecuentemente usadas en cinco acepciones-objeto: LEYES, TRIBUNAL, DERECHOS, DISCRIMINACIÓN y COMPAÑÍA. A la par de revelar las conceptualizaciones metafóricas más empleadas para las acepciones-objeto, los datos obtenidos reflejan que las metáforas analizadas no son conceptualizaciones mentales incidentales o aisladas, sino más bien parte de un conjunto conceptual integrado en una variedad de relaciones. Adicionalmente, algunas implicaciones han sido derivadas para la enseñanza del inglés legal al promoverse el uso de las metáforas mientras se emplea la metodología sustentada en el corpus para el desarrollo de un auténtico y efectivo material de enseñanza ESP basado en la evidencia, de forma que se fomente la competencia metafórica, área esta que ha quedado sorprendentemente descuidada en los textos legales en inglés.

RESUMEN El texto se propone analizar la irrupción del kichwa en algunas universidades del Ecuador, mediante el paradigma cualitativo; considerando que la lengua kichwa ha sido, históricamente, excluida de las academias bajo el concepto de yanka shimi (lengua sin prestigio). Una lengua menospreciada por varios siglos; presentemente, tiene cabida en la Constitución Política del Ecuador y en algunas universidades del país, ya sea como asignatura, publicaciones en revistas científicas, creación de posgrados de manera esporádica, cursos de capacitaciones en las universidad públicas y privadas, publicaciones de libros y capítulos de libros. Por tanto, la operación del kichwa en los espacios universitarios no se mueve en un campo pacífico, sino de disputa constante. El método de investigación utilizado fue el hermenéutico debido a la interpretación multidisciplinaria de fuentes primarias y secundarias. Las conclusiones relevantes sugieren: a) La emergencia del kichwa en algunas universidades del país; b) la irrupción del kichwa en los espacios académicos no es un campo pacífico sino de lucha; c) no obstante el reconocimientos legal y académico del idioma, aún queda muchas acciones concretas, por ejemplo, creación de programas de doctorados para forjar investigaciones rigurosas y originales; d) el kichwa, históricamente, ha sido esgrimido como estrategia de insurgencia, pero también de múltiples diálogos.

ABSTRACT The text proposes to analyze the irruption of Kichwa in some universities of Ecuador, through the qualitative paradigm; considering that the Kichwa language has been historically excluded from the academies under the concept of yanka shimi (language without prestige). A language underestimated for several centuries; currently, it has a place in the Political Constitution of Ecuador and in some universities of the country, either as a subject, publications in scientific journals, creation of postgraduate courses sporadically, training courses in public and private universities, publications of books and book chapters. Therefore, the operation of kichwa in university spaces does not move in a peaceful field, but in a field of constant dispute. The research method used was hermeneutic due to the multidisciplinary interpretation of primary and secondary sources. The relevant conclusions suggest: a) the emergence of kichwa in some universities of the country; b) the irruption of kichwa in academic spaces is not a peaceful field but a field of struggle; c) despite the legal and academic recognition of the language, there are still many concrete actions, for example, the creation of doctoral programs to forge rigorous and original research; d) kichwa, historically, has been wielded as a strategy of insurgency, but also of multiple dialogues.

UCHILLACHISKA YUYAY Kay killkashkaka imashinalla, Ecuador mama llaktapi, kichwa shimi hatun yachana wasikunaman yaykurishkamantami willan yuyachinpash; ashtawantakka, umanarichin yuyarichin ñanta katishpa; willanpashmi, imashinalla kichwa shimi paypak kawsaypi kamishka, pakachishka karuyachishka kashka hatun yachana wasikunamanta, yanka shimillami kan nishpa. Kichwa shimika achka watakunata pampachishka washaka; kunan pachapika, mama llaktapak kamachikpi, hatun yachana wasikunapipash chaskishkami kashka, yachanapak, kamukunapi killkanapak, kamukunapi ñawirinapak, taripanapak, yachaykunapi rimanapakpish. Shinallatak, kichwa shimipakka hatun yachana wasikunapi purinaka mana hawallachu kashka, mana shamuylla nishkakunachu, sinchi makanakuypimi purín. Kay taripay katik ñanpika tawka killkashkakunatami hamutarka. Kay puchukay yuyaykunawanmi chayarka: a) imashinami kichwa shimi maykan hatun yachana wasikunaman chayarka; b) Amawtay wasikunan, kichwa shimipak chayanaka mana hawallachu kashka, sinchitami makanakushka; c) Hatun kamachikkunapi kichwa shimita tiyankimi nikpipash, acha ruraykuna illanrakmi, ashtawan killkashpa, taripashpa katinakapak; d) kichwa shimika watan watankunata makanakunapakpash chimpapura rimanakunapakpishmi alli kashka.

Abstract: Antígona González (2012) by Sara Uribe (Querétaro, 1978) is a play that cannot be reduced to the legal and political language of denunciation and human rights but can be read as a poetics of the sacred. From its link with Sophocles’ Antigone and the discussion with Agamben’s homo sacer, this article contemplates Antígona González as a play that criticizes the principle of sovereignty and underlines the importance of the name and the body, in a sacred poetics of dispossession.

Resumen: Antígona González (2012) de Sara Uribe (Querétaro, 1978) es una obra que no debe ser reducida al lenguaje jurídico y político de la denuncia y los derechos humanos sino que puede ser leída como una poética de lo sagrado. A partir de su vinculación con la Antígona de Sófocles y de la discusión con el homo sacer de Agamben, este artículo contempla Antígona González como una obra que critica el principio de soberanía y subraya la importancia del nombre y del cuerpo, en una poética sagrada de la desapropiación.

In the course of the past three decades, the concept of "plain language" has garnered increasing attention. Recent developments have further solidified this field, given the International Federation for Plain Language's definition of plain language, as well as the introduction of an ISO (International Organisation for Standardisation) Standard for plain language in 2023. These milestones suggest that plain language is set to play a more significant role in public communication. The International Federation for Plain Language defines plain language as communication in which the wording, structure, and design are so clear that the target audience can effortlessly find, understand, and use the information they need. However, this definition has faced criticism for its vagueness. In an effort to refine the definition, the ISO Plain Language Standard was introduced. It includes four governing principles: 1) Readers get the information they need; 2) Readers can easily find what they need; 3) Readers can easily understand what they find; and 4) Readers can easily use the information. Both the definitions of the ISO Standard and the International Federation for Plain Language concentrate on the understandability and usability of information in creating effective plain language documents. In this article, I argue that alongside understandability and usability, user experience should be considered as a third measurable element of success in plain language documents. Although existing research primarily focuses on usability and understanding, it gives limited attention to user experience, whereas I argue that user experience is a crucial factor in the creation of successful plain language documents. More specifically, I explore in this article the preference of respondents for plain language techniques used in documents in an attempt to establish a connection between the user's experience of these techniques and the document's usability and understandability. I also delve into users' overall experience with plain language documents and assess whether there is a correlation between overall experience and users' perceptions of specific plain language techniques. I further analyse users'experiences with plain language techniques within specific contexts, namely the medical, legal, and financial domains, to determine if the context influences their experience. In addition, I investigate the relationship between users'experiences with plain language techniques and extratextual factors, such as qualification, income, home language, the variety of Afrikaans they speak, and their level of engagement with the document's content. This comprehensive analysis aims to clarify the role of user experience in the success of plain language documents and it potentially prompts a reconsideration of experience, in addition to understandability and usability, when creating successful plain language documents. The study employed a quantitative correlational research design to examine the relationship between respondents' experience of plain language techniques, understandability and usability, extratextual factors, and the contexts in which these documents are encountered. Data collection involved a questionnaire-based survey, with 506 respondents participating through convenience sampling. The survey was conducted on the SUNSurvey platform at Stellenbosch University and was shared across social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp to target individuals matching specific population characteristics. Respondents read one of 18 selected plain language documents and answered questions about the documents. Extratextual information, such as respondents' highest qualification level, annual income, home language, the variety of Afrikaans they speak, and the frequency with which they were exposed to the context, were collected. Engagement with the selected document was measured using Likert-scale statements. To assess understanding of the documents, factual questions were included, and usability questions were asked if respondents received one of the six forms that were tested. Experience with the plain language documents was also measured by means of Likert-scale statements. Importantly, respondents'experiences with specific plain language techniques were assessed, allowing them to express their experience with said techniques. The results of the study regarding respondents'experience of the plain language techniques used reveal overwhelmingly positive feedback. The Likert-scale ratings indicated that respondents across various demographic groups had favourable impressions of plain language techniques. This suggests that these techniques not only enhance document usability and understandability but are also well-received by users. The analysis of relationships between different variables yields intriguing findings. While many comparisons did not show statistically significant correlations, the noteworthy results are those that did. When examining respondents 'experiences with plain language techniques in documents across three contexts, no statistically significant relationship could be established, indicating positive experiences with these techniques across all contexts without contextual influence. In terms of understanding, most comparisons revealed a positive relationship between the experience of plain language techniques and understanding. This implies that respondents with more positive experiences better understood the documents, aligning with existing research and suggesting that improved understanding leads to more positive experiences. However, for usability there was no statistically significant relationship between the experience of plain language techniques and document usability, indicating that the study could not establish a clear link between these two factors. When considering extratextual factors, few statistically significant relationships were found. Only the respondents' home language showed a significant relationship with their experience of plain language techniques, suggesting that Afrikaans speakers had more positive experiences. For other extratextual factors, namely qualification, income level, and variety of Afrikaans, there were no significant correlations. In conclusion, this study highlights that positive experiences of plain language techniques are associated with better understandability, emphasising the importance of user experience in creating successful plain language documents. The results are positive for document designers, as diverse groups of people had positive experiences with these techniques, making plain language a tool for improving interactions with public documentation. This study suggests that considering user experience is crucial in defining plain language beyond just usability and understandability.

Die definisies van sowel die International Federation for Plain Language as die ISO Gewone Taal Standaard beklemtoon dat verstaanbaarheid en bruikbaarheid noodsaaklik is vir die skep van optimale gewonetaaldokumente. In hierdie studie voer ek egter aan dat daar 'n derde meetbare element van gewonetaaldokumente is wat 'n effek op die sukses daarvan het, naamlik die manier waarop die verbruiker die gewonetaaldokumente ervaar. Vir hierdie studie is ' n kwantitatiewe korrelasionele navorsingsontwerp gebruik om die verhouding tussen respondente se ervaring, verstaanbaarheid, en bruikbaarheid van gewone-taaldokumente, asook respondente se persoonlike eienskappe, en die kontekste waarin die gewonetaaldokumente voorkom, te bepaal. Opnamenavorsing met 'n vraelys as die data-insamelingsinstrument is uitgevoer en 506 respondente het aan die studie deelgeneem. Die resultate van die studie dui daarop dat respondente oor die algemeen positiewe ervarings met gewonetaaltegnieke in dokumente gehad het. Verder is 'n sterk positiewe verhouding tussen die ervaring en die verstaanbaarheid van die gewonetaaldokumente gevind. Dit dui aan dat 'n positiewe ervaring tot 'n beter begrip van die dokumente bydra. Dit is egter nie die geval met bruikbaarheid nie, aangesien geen statisties beduidende verhouding hier gevind is nie. Wat betref buitetekstuele faktore, het slegs huistaal 'n statisties beduidende invloed op die ervaring van gewonetaaltegnieke gehad. Die resultate van hierdie studie dui dus daarop dat ervaring 'n belangrike faktor is in die sukses van gewonetaaldokumente, en gevolglik oorweeg moet word om ervaring as een van die elemente in die definisie van gewone taal in te sluit.

Resumen En nuestra experiencia de investigación con expedientes judiciales por el delito de trata de personas con fines de explotación sexual, hemos identificado un mecanismo recurrente mediante el cual personas que participan del mercado sexual, apropiándose de los dispositivos antitrata, realizan denuncias en sede policial o judicial para procesar conflictos interpersonales o disputas por las condiciones de trabajo y el incumplimiento del arreglo laboral. Algunas de estas denuncias evidencian situaciones de abuso de poder, violencias, conflictos y rivalidades en el marco de arreglos laborales y relaciones que funcionan en un marco de ilegalismos, y que no disponen —ya sea por los modos de vida de los/las involucrados/as o del asunto controvertido— de un mecanismo institucionalizado para su resolución. Otras dan cuenta de intencionalidades más precisas por parte de actores que buscan venganza frente a hechos que consideran agraviantes o injustos. En este trabajo analizamos tres causas judiciales por trata de personas que tramitaron en distintas jurisdicciones del país, las cuales nos permiten explorar desde una perspectiva antropológica, por un lado, la lógica que subyace a estos conflictos y venganzas desde el punto de vista de los/as actores, y por el otro, los efectos de su traducción en términos de la lengua legal. Así una «escucha» antropológica de los expedientes permite una lectura contextualizada de los relatos de las muchas veces consideradas «víctimas» por el dispositivo judicial, brindando una alternativa a la dicotomía «víctima» o «trabajadora» como identidades esencializadas.

Abstract In our research experience with judicial files for crimes of trafficking in persons for the purposes of sexual exploitation, we have identified a recurring mechanism by which people who participate in the sexual commerce , appropriating anti-trafficking policies, make complaints to the police or judicial headquarters. to process interpersonal conflicts or disputes over the conditions of the employment arrangement. Some of these complaints show situations of abuse of power, violence, conflicts and rivalries within the framework of work arrangements and relationships that operate within a framework of illegality, and that do not have —either due to the lifestyles of those involved or the controversial issue— of an institutionalized mechanism for its resolution. Others report more precise intentions on the part of actors who seek revenge against events that they consider offensive or unfair. In this work we analyze three judicial cases for human trafficking that were processed in different jurisdictions of the country, which allow us to explore from an anthropological perspective, on the one hand, the logic that underlies these conflicts and revenge from the point of view of the the actors, and on the other, the effects of their translation in terms of the legal language. Thus, an anthropological «listening» of the files allows a contextualized reading of the narratives of those often considered «victims» by the judicial system, providing an alternative to the dichotomy «victim» or «worker» as essentialized identities.

Abstract In this paper we will analyze some legal documents relating to women's right to vote in Portugal. The corpus consists of excerpts from the Constitution of 1822, the Constitutional Charter of 1826, the Constitutions of 1838, 1911, 1933 and 1976, and other relevant electoral laws. As a genre with political and sociocultural features, the constitutional text highlights interactions between power, ideology and gender. Our analysis will point out syntactic-semantic aspects, such as quantification or the grammatical gender. We will argue that the (electoral) law is permeated by ideological considerations about the role of women in society, in a close association between language, law and patriarchal power.

Resumo Neste trabalho analisaremos alguns textos legais referentes ao direito ao voto das mulheres em Portugal. O corpus é constituído por excertos da Constituição de 1822, da Carta Constitucional de 1826, das Constituições de 1838, de 1911, de 1933, de 1976 e outras leis eleitorais relevantes. Como género textual com uma dimensão política e sociocultural, o texto constitucional evidencia interações entre poder, ideologia e género, gravadas linguisticamente. A análise encetada apontará para aspetos de ordem sintático-semântica, como a quantificação ou o género gramatical. Defenderemos que a legislação eleitoral não se isenta de considerações ideológicas sobre o papel das mulheres na sociedade, numa relação entre língua, lei e poder patriarcal.

Resumen En este trabajo analizamos textos legales relacionados con el derecho al voto de las mujeres en Portugal. El corpus consta de extractos de la Constitución de 1822, la Carta Constitucional de 1826, las Constituciones de 1838, 1911, 1933, 1976 y otras leyes electorales relevantes. Como género textual con una dimensión política y sociocultural, el texto constitucional evidencia las interacciones entre poder, ideología y género, inscritas lingüísticamente. El análisis realizado apuntará a aspectos sintáctico-semánticos, como la cuantificación o el género gramatical. Sostenemos que la legislación electoral contiene consideraciones ideológicas sobre el papel de la mujer en la sociedad, en una relación entre lengua, derecho y patriarcado.

O texto tem como objetivo analisar o surgimento do Kichwa em algumas universidades do Equador, através do paradigma qualitativo; considerando que a língua Kichwa foi historicamente excluída das academias sob o conceito de Yanka shimi (língua sem prestígio). Uma língua desprezada durante vários séculos; Atualmente, tem lugar na Constituição Política do Equador e em algumas universidades do país, seja como disciplina, publicações em revistas científicas, criação de cursos de pós-graduação esporadicamente, cursos de formação em universidades públicas e privadas, publicações de livros e capítulos de livros. Portanto, a atuação dos Kichwa nos espaços universitários não caminha em um campo pacífico, mas em constante disputa. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi o hermenêutico devido à interpretação multidisciplinar de fontes primárias e secundárias. As conclusões relevantes sugerem: a) O surgimento do Kichwa em algumas universidades do país; b) a emergência dos Kichwa nos espaços académicos não é um campo pacífico mas sim de luta; c) apesar do reconhecimento legal e acadêmico da língua, ainda existem muitas ações concretas, por exemplo, criação de programas de doutorado para forjar pesquisas rigorosas e originais; d) O Kichwa, historicamente, tem sido utilizado como estratégia de insurgência, mas também de múltiplos diálogos.

The text proposes to analyze the irruption of Kichwa in some universities of Ecuador, through the qualitative paradigm; considering that the Kichwa language has been historically excluded from the academies under the concept of yanka shimi (language without prestige). A language underestimated for several centuries; currently, it has a place in the Political Constitution of Ecuador and in some universities of the country, either as a subject, publications in scientific journals, creation of postgraduate courses sporadically, training courses in public and private universities, publications of books and book chapters. Therefore, the operation of kichwa in university spaces does not move in a peaceful field, but in a field of constant dispute. The research method used was hermeneutic due to the multidisciplinary interpretation of primary and secondary sources. The relevant conclusions suggest: a) the emergence of kichwa in some universities of the country; b) the irruption of kichwa in academic spaces is not a peaceful field but a field of struggle; c) despite the legal and academic recognition of the language, there are still many concrete actions, for example, the creation of doctoral programs to forge rigorous and original research; d) kichwa, historically, has been wielded as a strategy of insurgency, but also of multiple dialogues.

Kay killkashkaka imashinalla, Ecuador mama llaktapi, kichwa shimi hatun yachana wasikunaman yaykurishkamantami willan yuyachinpash; ashtawantakka, umanarichin yuyarichin ñanta katishpa; willanpashmi, imashinalla kichwa shimi paypak kawsaypi kamishka, pakachishka karuyachishka kashka hatun yachana wasikunamanta, yanka shimillami kan nishpa. Kichwa shimika achka watakunata pampachishka washaka; kunan pachapika, mama llaktapak kamachikpi, hatun yachana wasikunapipash chaskishkami kashka, yachanapak, kamukunapi killkanapak, kamukunapi ñawirinapak, taripanapak, yachaykunapi rimanapakpish. Shinallatak, kichwa shimipakka hatun yachana wasikunapi purinaka mana hawallachu kashka, mana shamuylla nishkakunachu, sinchi makanakuypimi purín. Kay taripay katik ñanpika tawka killkashkakunatami hamutarka. Kay puchukay yuyaykunawanmi chayarka: a) imashinami kichwa shimi maykan hatun yachana wasikunaman chayarka; b) Amawtay wasikunan, kichwa shimipak chayanaka mana hawallachu kashka, sinchitami makanakushka; c) Hatun kamachikkunapi kichwa shimita tiyankimi nikpipash, acha ruraykuna illanrakmi, ashtawan killkashpa, taripashpa katinakapak; d) kichwa shimika watan watankunata makanakunapakpash chimpapura rimanakunapakpishmi alli kashka.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the medical record is the most important legal document in healthcare management, systematically reflecting the biological, psychological, and social aspects of the patient. The creation of the electronic medical record at the 'Dr. Carlos Castellanos Blanco' Nursing Home benefits both the patient and the professional due to the security and confidence it provides. Objective: to develop the architecture for managing the information of medical records at the 'Dr. Carlos Castellanos Blanco' Nursing Home in Pinar del Río. Methods: the research is based on observation, interviews with those involved in the processes, and document review, incorporating technological innovation using Extreme Programming as the methodology for software analysis and design stages. Unified Modeling Language (UML) and StarUML are employed for artifact modeling, and Axure Rp is used to create the prototype of the computer application. Results: it allowed the analysis, management, and decision-making in all patient entry processes related to medical records in the nursing home. Conclusions: a prototype was developed that facilitated the evaluation of the computer application with the doctors before its implementation, ensuring its alignment with the proposed objective.

RESUMEN Introducción: la historia clínica es el documento legal de mayor importancia en la gestión médica asistencial, donde se reflejan, de forma sistemática, los aspectos biológicos, psicológicos y sociales del enfermo. Con la creación de la Historia Clínica electrónica del Hogar de Ancianos se beneficia el paciente y el profesional por la seguridad y confianza que genera. Objetivo: desarrollar la arquitectura para la gestión de la información de las historias clínicas, en el Hogar de Ancianos “Dr. Carlos Castellanos Blanco” de Pinar del Río. Métodos: investigación apoyada en la observación, la entrevista con los implicados en los procesos y la revisión de documentos, siendo la misma de innovación tecnológica utilizando la Programación Extrema como metodología para el desarrollo de las etapas de análisis y diseño del software; el Lenguaje Unificado de Modelado y StarUML la herramienta para la modelación de los artefactos y el Axure Rp para elaborar el prototipo de la aplicación informática. Resultados: permitió analizar, gestionar y toma de decisiones en todos los procesos de entrada al paciente que se realiza con relación a la historia clínica en el hogar de anciano. Conclusiones: se desarrolló un prototipo que facilitó la evaluación de la aplicación informática, con los médicos, antes de su implementación, garantizando que la misma integre el objetivo propuesto.

Abstract: Introduction: As a substantial component of the doctor-patient relationship, communication can be crucial in the construction of a diagnostic hypothesis and patient adherence to treatment. It is therefore necessary to understand the factors that influence the communicative process and describe the effectiveness of the communication. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the impacts of inadequate communication in the doctor-patient relationship. Method: Twenty-three voluntary patients of legal age completed questionnaires on socioeconomic information, language use, and impressions of the medical consultation. The doctor filled out a questionnaire regarding their experience of the consultation. Result: The results indicated that patients experienced some difficulty in communicating their feelings to the doctor, and furthermore, in 20% of cases, doctors encountered some degree of difficulty in reaching a diagnostic hypothesis based on the patient’s report, which is related to the predominantly non-descriptive language used by most patients. Conclusion: Given the need for high quality communication between the doctor and the patient, understanding the factors that impact the communicative process is the first step towards ensuring effective care with patient autonomy and improved adherence to the treatment plan. Abstract Introduction doctorpatient relationship Objective Method Twentythree Twenty three information use consultation Result furthermore 20 cases s report nondescriptive non descriptive Conclusion plan 2

Resumo: Introdução: Como um componente substancial na relação médico-paciente, a comunicação pode ser determinante na construção da hipótese diagnóstica e na adesão ao tratamento por parte do paciente, e, por isso, há a necessidade de compreender os fatores que influenciam no processo comunicativo e descrever a efetividade dele. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os impactos da comunicação inadequada na relação médico-paciente. Método: Vinte e três pacientes voluntários com a maioridade atingida preencheram questionários de informações socioeconômicas, uso da linguagem e impressões da consulta médica. O médico preencheu um questionário sobre a experiência da consulta. Resultado: Os resultados indicaram que os pacientes apresentaram alguma dificuldade em comunicar ao médico o que sentiam, e, de modo complementar, os médicos, em 20% dos casos, tiveram algum grau de dificuldade de chegar à hipótese diagnóstica a partir do relato do paciente, o que se relaciona com a linguagem pouco descritiva utilizada pela maior parte dos pacientes. Conclusão: Dada a necessidade da qualidade da comunicação entre o médico e o paciente, conhecer os fatores que impactam o processo comunicativo é o primeiro passo para a garantia de um atendimento eficaz com autonomia do paciente e maior adesão ao plano terapêutico. Resumo Introdução médicopaciente, médicopaciente médico-paciente isso dele Objetivo médicopaciente. paciente. Método socioeconômicas médica Resultado sentiam complementar médicos 20 casos Conclusão terapêutico 2

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the quality dimension of methodological clarity of the National Registry of Health Establishments (CNES), considering the approach to forms of contracting in the system. This is a documentary research with a qualitative approach, which analyzed the CNES and its documents. Documents that included the following were selected: table of professional relationships and/or forms of hiring. Based on the concept adopted for the dimension of methodological clarity quality, the categories accessibility, content, variables, language, and usability were outlined. In the period from 2005 to 2020, 17 documents were published. Of those, three documents stood out: The version’s Readme, the Domain Table, and the CNES Filling Manual. The CNES website underwent restructuring and not all features were completed. The current website has a more modern and easy-to-understand interface. The change from the administrative sphere variable to the legal nature, in 2015, may make historical series analysis difficult. It is evident that the CNES pays more attention to methodological clarity, considering the approach to the ways of hiring health professionals, included in the system. CNES, , (CNES) system selected andor or accessibility content variables language outlined 200 2020 1 published those out versions version s Readme Table Manual completed easytounderstand easy understand interface nature 2015 difficult professionals (CNES 20 202 201 2

RESUMO Este artigo analisa a dimensão de qualidade clareza metodológica do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES), considerando a abordagem das formas de contratação inseridas no sistema. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental com abordagem qualitativa, que analisou o CNES e seus documentos. Foram selecionados os documentos que contemplaram os descritores: tabela de vínculos de profissionais e/ou formas de contratação. A partir do conceito adotado para a dimensão de qualidade clareza metodológica, foram delineadas as categorias acessibilidade, conteúdo, variáveis, linguagem e usabilidade. No período de 2005 a 2020, foram publicados 17 documentos. Desses, três documentos se sobressaíram: o Leia-me da versão, a Tabela de Domínios e o Manual de preenchimento do CNES. O site do CNES passava por uma reestruturação, e nem todas as funcionalidades estavam devidamente implementadas. O site atual apresentou uma interface mais moderna e de fácil compreensão. A mudança da variável esfera administrativa para natureza jurídica, em 2015, pode dificultar a análise em série histórica. Evidencia-se que o CNES carece de melhor atenção quanto à clareza metodológica, considerando a abordagem das formas de contratação dos profissionais de saúde, inseridas no sistema. CNES, , (CNES) sistema Tratase Trata qualitativa descritores eou ou acessibilidade conteúdo variáveis usabilidade 200 2020 1 Desses sobressaíram Leiame Leia me versão reestruturação implementadas compreensão jurídica 2015 histórica Evidenciase Evidencia saúde (CNES 20 202 201 2

With clear and objective language, this article invites the reader to reflect on the relationship between autism and Brazilian Chemical Education. Here, we begin with approaches to autism in legal terms, which allow the reader to understand how autistic people and their families have their rights guaranteed by law, especially in the school. We also present the point of view of the teacher who trains the graduate and the one who receives an autistic student in the classroom, with reflections about their training curricula that are imperfect in terms of inclusion, which generates situations of discomfort and frustration in their work. We continue to discuss how inclusive education strategies adopted by professors in the area of chemistry aimed at autistic students have stood out, even in the midst of a scarce bibliographic reference. Finally, we turn our attention to one of the main places where inclusion takes place: the school, with valuable discussions about the role that it has played in the inclusion of the autistic student. language Education Here law school classroom work out reference Finally place

Resumen: La preocupación por la claridad y comprensión del lenguaje jurídico es una tendencia creciente, de la que Uruguay no ha escapado. Dentro de la problemática, el uso del lenguaje inclusivo o no sexista ocupa un lugar particular. En este contexto, este trabajo presenta el panorama en la Administración Pública uruguaya: su marco normativo, su alcance y sus usos, por medio del estudio de un corpus específico. Los resultados obtenidos son dispares y revelan que Uruguay ha recorrido un camino oscilante y, tal vez, confuso, que merece evaluación y nuevas decisiones institucionales

Abstract: Concerns regarding the clarity and comprehension of legal language are a growing trend, one from which Uruguay has not been exempt. Within this issue, the use of inclusive or non-sexist language holds a particular place. In this context, this work presents an overview of the Uruguayan Public Administration: its regulatory framework, its scope, and its uses, through the study of a specific corpus. The results obtained are varied and reveal that Uruguay has traversed a fluctuating and perhaps confusing path, deserving of assessment and new institutional decisions

Resumo: A preocupação pela clareza e compreensão da linguagem jurídica é uma tendência crescente, da qual o Uruguai não escapou. Dentro dessa problemática, o uso da linguagem inclusiva ou não sexista ocupa um lugar particular. Nesse contexto, este trabalho apresenta o panorama na Administração Pública uruguaia: seu marco normativo, sua abrangência e seus usos, por meio do estudo de um corpus específico. Os resultados obtidos são díspares e revelam que o Uruguai percorreu um caminho oscilante e, talvez, confuso, que merece avaliação e novas decisões institucionais