Resumen La carretera Puyo-Tena es propensa a deslizamientos de tierra debido a la geodinámica, geomorfología y materiales geológicos de la zona (afloramientos y estratos inestables). En los últimos años, este problema ha provocado de forma persistente la inutilización parcial o total de la carretera en numerosas ocasiones. El objetivo de la investigación fue generar un modelo cartográfico de susceptibilidad a deslizamientos a partir de variables como la pendiente, las formaciones geológicas, la cobertura y uso de la tierra, así como las distancias a fallas, carretera y ríos. El grado de incidencia de deslizamientos se estimó como la combinación lineal de las variables ponderadas mediante el proceso de jerarquía analítica. La importancia de este método semicuantitativo radica en su capacidad para desagregar un problema de decisión complejo en un modelo de decisión más simple y coherente. El modelo cartográfico resultante se reclasificó en cinco categorías de susceptibilidad: muy baja, baja, moderada, alta y muy alta. Los resultados mostraron que 17 km de los 80 km de la carretera Puyo-Tena tienen una alta probabilidad a deslizamientos, lo que equivale a 21,25% de la carretera. Además, dentro de este porcentaje, se determinó que existen quince regiones con alta probabilidad de deslizamientos debido a su ubicación en zonas con fuertes pendientes, litología porosa y permeable, gran cantidad de ríos y suelos agrícolas. Para la verificación del modelo se utilizó el área bajo la curva (en inglés AUC) de la característica operativa del receptor (en inglés ROC). Los resultados de la verificación mostraron que el modelo cartográfico para el área de estudio tiene un valor de precisión de 83,7%. El modelo cartográfico de susceptibilidad a deslizamientos permitirá tomar las decisiones pertinentes para mitigar eventos potenciales que puedan poner en peligro a transportistas, bienes materiales y residentes de la zona.

Abstract The Puyo-Tena roadway is prone to landslides due to the geodynamics, geomorphology, and geological materials of the area (unstable outcrops and strata). In recent years, this problem has persistently caused the road to be partially or completely disabled on numerous occasions. The objective of the research was to generate a cartographic model of landslides susceptibility based on variables such as slope, geological formations, land cover and land use, as well as distances to faults, road, and rivers. The degree of landslides incidence was estimated as the linear combination of the weighted variables using the analytic hierarchy process. The importance of this semi-quantitative method lies in its ability to break down a complex decision problem into a simpler and more coherent decision model. The resulting cartographic model was classified into five susceptibility categories: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. The results showed that 17 km out of the 80 km of the Puyo-Tena roadway have a high probability of landslides, which is equivalent to 21.25% of the road. Furthermore, within this percentage, it was determined that there are fifteen regions with a high probability of landslides due to their location in areas with steep slopes, porous and permeable lithology, a large number of rivers, and agricultural soils. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used for model verification. The verification results showed that the cartographic model for the study area has an accuracy value of 83.7%. The cartographic model of landslide susceptibility will enable relevant decisions to be made to mitigate potential hazards that may endanger transporters, material goods, and residents of the area.

Abstract Agricultural and urban expansion has caused considerable degradation of ecosystems. In the case of Peruvian high Andean grasslands, it was reported that between 2000 and 2009, this ecosystem was reduced by 7%. The limited or no protection they receive is partly due to the fact that the benefits of ecosystem services are not widely known. This research aims to establish and predict the influence of high Andean grasslands on the annual occurrence of landslides. To do so, we identified occurrences of landslides, falls, huaycos, avalanches, and alluviums in high Andean grasslands. We also examined urban areas and agricultural zones of Peru for the period from 2003 to 2016. Subsequently, we extracted data on precipitation, temperature, slopes, soil types, and geographical variables. This data was used to train a machine learning model. The results show that 96% of landslides occurred in human-intervened areas, and only 4% in high Andean grasslands. Precipitation and slope thresholds for landslide occurrence are higher in high Andean grasslands compared to agricultural and urban areas. The best-performing machine learning models were linear regression, Gaussian processes, random forest, and support vector machine. They had coefficients of determination of R² = 0.80, 0.80, 0.66, and 0.64, respectively. Predictions show that if agricultural or urban areas are established in wet or dry puna grasslands, the average number of occurrences multiplies. The multiplier factors are 2.1 and 7.08, the number of deaths by 2.8 and 10.49, the number of houses destroyed by 2.4 and 7.51, and the number of roads destroyed by 2.2 and 7.37, respectively. The study demonstrates that conserving high Andean grasslands significantly reduces landslides compared to urban or agricultural areas.

RESUMEN La investigación tributa a la realización de los estudios de Peligro, Vulnerabilidad y Riesgo (PVR) que se desarrollan en Cuba. Su objetivo fundamental fue evaluar la vulnerabilidad estructural ante hundimientos del suelo por desplome de cavernas en el municipio Sierra de Cubitas, provincia Camagüey. Se realiza la fundamentación teórica y evaluación en el área de estudio a partir de la propuesta de cálculo; se aporta el concepto de “vulnerabilidad estructural” ante hundimientos del suelo por desplome de cavernas, y nuevas herramientas para su análisis y mejor enfrentamiento ante el peligro de origen natural geológico. Se establecen prioridades e incorporación de medidas integradoras para la etapa preventiva en las proyecciones y planes económicos futuros, la contribución para la toma de decisiones en las diferentes etapas del proceso constructivo. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se actualizan los planes de las entidades y zonas de defensa, para establecer sistemas de alerta temprana ante las afectaciones que se pueden producir al patrimonio construido y la necesidad del conocimiento del fenómeno para obras a proyectar; la preservación de la calidad de los recursos acuíferos subterráneos, la gestión para la reducción del riesgo a nivel local, la capacitación, divulgación y sensibilización de la población para elevar la percepción del riesgo, que pueda servir como referente para otras investigaciones. La propuesta se valora mediante el criterio de los expertos, lo que indica su pertinencia en la evaluación de la vulnerabilidad estructural y la prevención o mitigación de los eventos naturales.

ABSTRACT The research is subject to the studies of Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk (PVR) that are developed in Cuba and as a fundamental objective: to evaluate the structural vulnerability to soil subsidence due to the collapse of cavern in the municipality of Sierra de Cubitas, Camagüey province. The theoretical foundation and assessment in the study area based on the proposed calculation; the concept of structural vulnerability contributed to soil subsidence due to cavern collapses and new tools for analysis and better confrontation with the danger of natural origin geological. It establishes priorities and incorporates integrative measures for the preventive stage in the future economic plans and plans, the contribution to decision making in the different stages of the construction process. From the results obtained; the plans of the entities and defense zones are updated so as to establish early warning systems in view of the damage that can be caused to the built heritage and the need to know the phenomenon for works to be projected; preservation of the quality of groundwater resources; management for risk reduction at the local level; the training, dissemination and sensitization of the population to raise the perception of risk and serve as a reference for another research. The proposal is assessed based on expert judgment, indicating its relevance in the assessment of structural vulnerability and the prevention or mitigation of natural events.

Abstract Small-scale physical models of geotechnical problems are thought-provoking didactic tools that motivate students by arousing their curiosity and facilitating the understanding of physical phenomena and theoretical concepts. This work presents the development of an educational video about slope stability failures and its contributing factors. It shows several small-scale models built in a glass wall tank measuring 150 x 50 x 10 cm. Layers of fine gravel were placed on a sloping surface of polystyrene to represent a slope with a layer of residual soil on rock. Toy houses and cars were used to represent anthropogenic agents, and water with dye represents the groundwater flow. Each model depicts a different scenario of shallow slope failure. The objective of the video is to show that most slope failures in urban areas result from natural and anthropogenic factors. Several influence factors are shown: porewater level rise, excavation, surcharge application, and solid urban waste deposition. The 6-minute video has had more than 130,000 views on YouTube. Thanks to its simple and concise language, the video is shown in basic education and science museum, as well as in graduate and undergraduate courses. A questionnaire survey was carried out with undergraduate students to assess how helpful the video was for the learning process. This article explains the construction of the model, the video script, and the strategies for its use, as well as its reception. It was found that the video promoted motivational and learning benefits of providing context, establishing relevance, and teaching inductively. Smallscale Small scale thoughtprovoking thought provoking concepts smallscale small 15 5 1 cm rock agents flow failure rise excavation application deposition 6minute minute 6 130000 130 000 130,00 YouTube language museum courses process script use reception context relevance inductively 13000 13 00 130,0 1300 0 130,

Abstract In Mexico, natural disasters related to sediments, such as landslides, landslides and alluviums, are generally induced by anthropogenic activities such as road construction, which modify the vegetation cover, soil characteristics, root density and soil stability. slopes. The objective of this research was to evaluate the mechanical and chemical characteristics of roots of tree forest species (J. deppeana, Q. sideroxyla, P. durangensis y P. cooperi) present in slope cuts of the main road that connects the urban area with the rural area of the municipality of Pueblo Nuevo, Durango. 30 root samples per species were collected and divided into three diameter categories (CD) (CD I = 0.1-3.0 mm, CD II = 3.1-6.0 mm and CD III = 6.1-10 mm). The mechanical properties (maximum breaking force [Fmax], tensile strength [Ts] and elastic modulus [Eroot]) were analyzed with an Instron SATEC universal machine at a constant speed of 10 mm/min. The amount of cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose was determined using the Van-Soest method. The results showed significant differences between species for all the properties analyzed. Particularly J. deppeana presented higher values of Fmax, Ts and Eroot of 402.80 N, 34.06 N mm2, 1283.45 N mm2, as well as the contents of cellulose (40.29%), hemicellulose (12.57%) and lignin (37.63%). The mechanical and chemical characterization of the roots of the evaluated forest species provides important information that can be considered in slope maintenance and rehabilitation activities.

Resumen En México los desastres naturales relacionados con sedimentos, como los desprendimientos, deslizamientos y aluviones, generalmente son inducidos por actividades antropogénicas como la construcción de caminos, que modifican, la cubierta vegetal, características del suelo, la densidad de las raíces y la estabilidad de los taludes. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar las características mecánicas y químicas de raíces de especies forestales arbóreas (J. deppeana, Q. sideroxyla, P. durangensis y P. cooperi) presentes en cortes de talud de la carretera principal que conecta la zona urbana con la zona rural del municipio de Pueblo Nuevo, Durango. Se colectaron 30 muestras de raíces por especie y fueron divididas en tres categorías diamétricas (CD) (CD I = 0.1-3.0 mm, CD II = 3.1-6.0 mm y CD III = 6.1-10 mm). Las propiedades mecánicas (fuerza máxima de quiebre [Fmax], fuerza de tensión [Ts] y módulo de elasticidad [Eroot]) se analizaron con una maquina universal Instron SATEC a una velocidad constante de 10 mm/min. La cantidad de celulosa, lignina y hemicelulosa se determinó por medio del método de Van-Soest. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre especies para todas las propiedades analizadas. Particularmente J. deppeana presentó valores más altos de Fmax, Ts y Eroot de 402.80 N, 34.06 N mm2, 1283.45N mm2, así como de los contenidos de celulosa (40.29%), hemicelulosa (12.57%) y lignina (37.63%). La caracterización mecánica y química de las raíces de las especies forestales evaluadas provee información importante que puede ser considerada en actividades de mantenimiento y rehabilitación de taludes.

Resumen La identificación de áreas para la restauración de bosques aporta información para el diseño de acciones que favorecen la conectividad y la cobertura forestal. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar áreas prioritarias para la restauración de bosques ribereños de la zona alta de la cuenca del río La Antigua, Veracruz. Se realizó un análisis multicriterio con 16 parámetros integrados en 9 grupos: conservación biológica, potencial de restauración, zonas ribereñas/corredores hidrológicos, topografía, clima, suelo, perturbación, beneficiarios, y peligro frente a eventos naturales. Se definieron, estandarizaron y ponderaron los criterios para generar un mapa de áreas prioritarias para la restauración. De acuerdo con los resultados, las categorías de prioridad alta, media, baja representaron 6.8%, 6.9% y 1.4% de la superficie total del área de estudio, respectivamente. Las áreas con alta prioridad se distribuyen mayormente en potreros, cerca de ríos, entre 1,098 y 2,974 m snm, con precipitaciones anuales promedio ~ 1,373 mm, pendientes ligeras, con bajo riesgo de incendio y zonas con riesgo de deslizamientos. Los resultados identifican las áreas en donde los esfuerzos de restauración local podrían tener mayor impacto.

Abstract Identifying areas for forest restoration contributes to the design of actions that favor connectivity and forest cover. The objective of the study was to identify priority areas for riparian forest restoration, in the upper basin of the La Antigua River, Veracruz. We conducted a multi-criteria analysis using 16 parameters integrated into 9 groups: biological conservation, restoration potential, riparian zones/hydrological corridors, topography, climate, soil, disturbance, beneficiaries, and danger of natural events. The analysis defined, standardized and weighed the criteria used to generate a map of priority areas for restoration. The categories of high, medium, low priority represented 6.8%, 6.9%, and 1.4% of the total study area, respectively. The areas with high priority are distributed mainly in pastures, near rivers, between 1,098 and 2,974 m asl, with an average annual rainfall ~ 1,373 mm, slight slopes, with low fire risk, and in areas with risk of landslides. The results identify areas where restoration efforts could have a major impact.

Resumo: O risco a desastres é resultado de um longo processo de vulnerabilização das comunidades expostas aos fenômenos hidrológicos e/ou geológicos. O contexto socioeconômico e as desigualdades de gênero e raça agravam esta condição, gerando impactos diferenciais em determinados grupos. Sendo este um cenário crônico no Brasil, faz-se necessário investigar a construção sócio-histórica e a condição das áreas de risco nas cidades com recorrência de eventos como movimentos de massa e inundações. Para tanto, busca-se aqui analisar as condições sociais e materiais de vulnerabilidade de mulheres residentes nas áreas de risco a escorregamentos em Santos, São Paulo. A partir de uma metodologia qualiquantitativa, com métodos estatísticos e de cartografia, as discussões trazem elementos para compreender como e por que as mulheres, principalmente as não brancas, são mais afetadas pelos desastres. Resumo eou ou geológicos grupos Brasil fazse faz se sóciohistórica sócio histórica inundações tanto buscase busca Santos Paulo qualiquantitativa cartografia brancas

Abstract: Disaster risk results of a vulnerability long process of communities exposed to hydrological and/or geological phenomena. The socioeconomic context and gender and racial inequalities aggravate this condition, generating differential impacts on certain groups. Since this is a chronic scenario in Brazil, it is necessary to investigate the socio-historical construction and the condition of risk areas in cities with recurrence of events such as mass movements and floods. Therefore, this article aims to analyze the social and material vulnerability conditions of women living in areas at risk of landslides in Santos, São Paulo. Based on a quali-quantitative methodology, with statistical and cartographic methods, the discussions bring elements to understand how and why women, mainly non-white women, are more affected by the disaster. Abstract andor or phenomena groups Brazil sociohistorical socio historical floods Therefore Santos Paulo qualiquantitative quali quantitative methodology methods nonwhite non white disaster

Resumen: El riesgo de desastres es el resultado de un largo proceso de vulnerabilidad de las comunidades expuestas a fenómenos hidrológicos y/o geológicos. El contexto socioeconómico y las desigualdades raciales y de género agravan esta condición, generando impactos diferenciales en determinados grupos. Dado que este es un escenario crónico en Brasil, es necesario investigar la construcción sociohistórica y la condición de las áreas de riesgo en las ciudades con recurrencia de eventos como corrimentos de tierras e inundaciones. Por lo tanto, buscamos aquí analizar las condiciones sociales y materiales de vulnerabilidad de las mujeres que viven en áreas con riesgo de deslizamientos en Santos, São Paulo. Con base en una metodología cuali-cuantitativa, con métodos estadísticos y cartográficos, las discusiones aportan elementos para comprender cómo y por qué las mujeres, principalmente las no blancas, son más afectadas por el desastre. Resumen yo o geológicos grupos Brasil inundaciones tanto Santos Paulo cualicuantitativa, cualicuantitativa cuali cuantitativa, cuantitativa cuali-cuantitativa cartográficos blancas desastre

Abstract The residual tropical soils and their unsaturated condition add more complexity to the study of slope stability, introducing the suction variable to the stress state analysis. Due to the complexity of the pedological processes involved in their formation, tropical soils present variability in their parameters. This results in uncertainties regarding its behaviour in geotechnical structures. The most common promotion agent for deformation and loss of strength in residual soils in an unsaturated condition is the advancing of the wetting front due to rainfalls. A tropical climate with high levels of rainfall makes landslides a constant and dangerous phenomenon, leading to loss of human life and material. Thus, it is essential to verify the influence of precipitation on slope behaviour in residual conditions. This study analyzes the behaviour of a slope formed by a residual soil by determining the soil properties followed by a numerical analysis. Laboratory tests were performed to characterize the soil and determine the strength, hydraulic, and unsaturated condition parameters. In the numerical analysis, it was intended to visualize the influence of rainfall and hydraulic parameters on the pore pressure distribution inside the slope and in its stability. After the numerical step, it was found that the different rainfall characteristics (intensity and duration) increased the pore pressures and decreased the strength of the material. However, it was insufficient to trigger any failure mechanisms. The hydraulic parameters’ critical roles at seepage through the soil and how this is reflected in the calculations of safety factors were verified. stability analysis formation structures rainfalls phenomenon material Thus conditions step intensity duration However mechanisms verified

Este artigo endereça o problema das definições práticas sobre desastres. Apoiado teórica e metodologicamente em linhagens sociológicas orientadas pelo pragmatismo, suas considerações se baseiam na análise da ação discursiva política produzida entre 2010 e 2022 na Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro sobre deslizamentos de terra associados a eventos pluviais. O principal resultado encontrado é a relevância da ideia de tragédia como forma de interpretação dos desastres, algo que segue duas vias principais de construção discursiva: a nomeação e a narrativa. O artigo também se engaja em um diálogo teórico crítico com a sociologia pragmática. desastres pragmatismo 201 202 pluviais narrativa pragmática 20 2

This article addresses the problem of practical definitions of disasters. Theoretically and methodologically supported by pragmatically oriented sociological approaches, its considerations are based on the analysis of political discursive action about landslides associated with pluvial events set between 2010 and 2022 in the Legislative Assembly of the State of Rio de Janeiro. The main finding is the relevance of the idea of tragedy to interpret disasters, something that follows two primary paths of discursive construction: naming and narrative. The article also engages in a critical theoretical dialogue within pragmatic sociology. disasters approaches 201 202 Janeiro construction narrative sociology 20 2

Abstract The stability of slopes or the occurrence of mass movements is directly related to the incidence of rainfall. In this work a qualitative analysis of the historical series was made for the period between May 2012 and February 2019, where the development of pore pressures was evaluated, analyzing the behaviors of the instruments, correlating their readings with precipitation and with variations in the water table. Pore pressure was measured using vibrating wire piezometers, and precipitation data was collected using pluviometers with tipper buckets, whose readings were obtained by a datalogger model ML1-FL. From the data collected, it was possible to estimate the duration of a rainfall event for the soil, as that time interval between the occurrence of rain and the dissipation of excess pore pressure. These intervals are between 3 and 26 days in duration. The main results were: the period between the end of June and August is the driest and the highest precipitation occurs from December to early June; Precipitation of up to 100 mm of daily accumulation is well distributed throughout the year and occurs in all seasons. The pore pressure values developed were low, with a maximum of 9.3 kPa for the deepest piezometer on elevation 92.40 m. There is a delay between the occurrence of precipitation and the recording of the peak pore pressure. The in-depth knowledge of variations in precipitation and pore pressure can support the development of more robust geotechnical engineering projects. This preventive approach, based on concrete data and correlations, offers a more reliable strategy for mitigating the risks associated with landslides, directly contributing to the safety and continuous operation of the BR-101/SC highway. 201 2019 evaluated instruments table piezometers buckets ML1FL. ML1FL MLFL ML1 FL. FL ML ML1-FL soil 2 10 seasons low 93 9 9. 9240 92 40 92.4 m indepth depth projects approach correlations landslides BR101/SC BR101SC BRSC BR 101/SC 101 SC highway 20 1 924 4 92. BR101 101SC BR10 BR1

Resumo Este artigo analisa o Direito dos Desastres como arcabouço teórico-jurídico para a Cidade Educadora a fim de criar uma cultura de educação ambiental para a mitigação desses desastres e a diminuição das vulnerabilidades das comunidades do estado de São Paulo, sobretudo a cidade de São Sebastião, que viveu recentemente uma tragédia em virtude de deslizamentos de terra. Assim, têm-se como objetivos averiguar a capacidade civil de gestão de risco a partir da implementação do conhecimento jurídico de Direito dos Desastres nos projetos da Cidade Educadora; avaliar a possibilidade de participação ativa das comunidades vulneráveis, junto da educação básica, nas atividades de educação ambiental para a mitigação dos desastres. A metodologia utilizada parte de uma abordagem qualitativa, com a análise de documentos e processos judiciais, além da iniciativa das organizações da sociedade civil e comunidades locais. A iniciativa da Cidade Educadora desempenha um papel crucial no contexto de crise ambiental ao fornecer às escolas recursos e diretrizes para enfrentar desafios ambientais de maneira educativa e transformadora. O Direito dos Desastres capacita a comunidade a enfrentar desafios ambientais e desastres, promovendo a sustentabilidade e a proteção dos direitos humanos. teóricojurídico teórico Paulo Sebastião terra Assim têmse têm se vulneráveis básica qualitativa judiciais locais transformadora humanos

Abstract This article analyzes Disaster Law as a theoretical-legal framework for the Educating City in order to create a culture of environmental education to mitigate disaster and reduce the vulnerabilities of communities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, especially in the municipality of São Sebastião, which recently experienced a tragedy due to landslides. Thus, the objectives are to investigate the civil capacity for risk management based on the implementation of legal knowledge of Disaster Law in Educating City projects; and to assess the possibility of active participation of vulnerable communities, alongside basic education, in environmental education activities to mitigate disaster. The methodology used is based on a qualitative approach, with the analysis of documents and judicial processes, as well as the initiative of civil society organizations and local communities. The Educating City initiative plays a crucial role in the context of the environmental crisis by providing schools with resources and guidelines to address environmental challenges in an educational and transformative way. Disaster Law empowers the community to face environmental challenges and disasters, promoting sustainability and the protection of human rights. theoreticallegal theoretical Paulo Brazil Sebastião landslides Thus projects approach processes way disasters rights

Resumen Este artículo analiza el Derecho de Catástrofes como marco teórico y jurídico de la Ciudad Educadora con el fin de crear una cultura de educación ambiental para mitigar esas catástrofes y reducir las vulnerabilidades de las comunidades del estado de São Paulo, especialmente de la ciudad de São Sebastião, que recientemente sufrió una tragedia debido a los deslizamientos de tierra. Así, se pretende conocer la capacidad civil para la gestión de riesgos a partir de la implementación de conocimientos jurídicos del Derecho de Catástrofes en los proyectos de Ciudad Educadora; evaluar la posibilidad de participación activa de las comunidades vulnerables, junto con la educación básica, en actividades de educación ambiental para la mitigación de catástrofes. La metodología utilizada adopta un enfoque cualitativo, analizando documentos y casos judiciales, así como la iniciativa de organizaciones de la sociedad civil y comunidades locales. La iniciativa Ciudad Educadora desempeña un papel crucial en el contexto de la crisis ambiental al proporcionar a los centros escolares recursos y orientaciones para abordar los retos ambientales de forma educativa y transformadora. El Derecho de Catástrofes capacita a la comunidad para afrontar los retos ambientales y las catástrofes, promoviendo la sostenibilidad y la protección de los derechos humanos. Paulo Sebastião tierra Así vulnerables básica cualitativo judiciales locales transformadora humanos

Resumo Áreas ocupadas por populações de baixa renda frequentemente estão suscetíveis a deslizamentos e inundações tanto devido à injustiça socioespacial quanto à ocorrência de eventos extremos relacionados às mudanças climáticas. Este estudo analisa a possibilidade de trabalhar elementos de percepção de risco associados à Ciência Cidadã e à Aprendizagem Social a partir de mapeamento socioambiental com estudantes da rede pública do estado de São Paulo. A pesquisa incluiu palestra, trabalho de campo e uso de Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG). Evidenciou-se que, além de engajar os jovens em atividades pontuais de redução de riscos, é necessário promover estratégias que envolvam a população por meio de metodologias participativas e da divulgação científica para construir uma cultura preventiva e de resiliência. climáticas Paulo palestra SIG. SIG . (SIG) Evidenciouse Evidenciou se riscos resiliência (SIG

Abstract Areas occupied by low-income populations are often susceptible to landslides and floods both due to socio-spatial injustice and the occurrence of extreme events related to climate change. This study aimed to analyze the possibility of working on elements of risk perception associated with Citizen Science and Social Learning based on socio-environmental mapping with public school students in the state of São Paulo. The research included a lecture, fieldwork, and the use of GIS. The study showed that, in addition to engaging young people in specific risk reduction activities, it is necessary to promote strategies that involve the population through participatory methodologies and scientific dissemination to build a preventive and resilient culture. lowincome low income sociospatial socio spatial change socioenvironmental environmental Paulo lecture fieldwork GIS activities culture

Resumen Las zonas ocupadas por poblaciones de bajos ingresos suelen ser susceptibles a deslizamientos de tierra e inundaciones debido tanto a la injusticia socioespacial como a la ocurrencia de eventos extremos relacionados con el cambio climático. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la posibilidad de trabajar elementos de percepción de riesgo asociados a la Ciencia Ciudadana y al Aprendizaje Social a partir de mapeos socioambientales con estudiantes de escuelas públicas del estado de São Paulo. La investigación incluyó conferencias, trabajo de campo y uso de SIG. El estudio demostró que, además de involucrar a los jóvenes en actividades específicas de reducción de riesgos, es necesario promover estrategias que involucren a la población a través de metodologías participativas y de divulgación científica para construir una cultura preventiva y resiliente. climático Paulo conferencias SIG riesgos resiliente

Resumo Este artigo objetiva quantificar e descrever deslocamentos populacionais causados por desastres relacionados à precipitação no Brasil entre os anos de 2013 e 2022. Para isso, foram selecionados apenas registros de deslocamentos ocasionados por Secas, Inundações, Tempestades e Deslizamentos de massa contabilizados pela base de dados do Centro de Monitoramento de Deslocamentos Internos (IDMC). Utilizando uma abordagem descritiva, o estudo revela que eventos de grande magnitude estão intimamente ligados a chuvas intensas em extensas e populosas áreas no Brasil. Principalmente em vilas e favelas, onde a infraestrutura precária coexiste com vulnerabilidades socioeconômicas, eventos climáticos relacionados ao regime de chuvas podem comprometer os espaços de vida e impulsionar os deslocamentos como mecanismos de fuga e de adaptação. Num contexto de crise climática, espera-se que tais desastres ocorram com mais frequência no futuro, impactando principalmente os mais pobres e mais vulneráveis. Portanto, políticas de prevenção, adaptação e resiliência serão cada vez mais importantes para reduzir os riscos e impactos de desastres sobre a população. 201 2022 isso Secas Inundações IDMC. IDMC . (IDMC) descritiva favelas socioeconômicas climática esperase espera se futuro vulneráveis Portanto prevenção população 20 202 (IDMC 2

Abstract This article aims to quantify and describe population displacements caused by precipitation-related disasters in Brazil between 2013 and 2022. To this end, only records of displacements caused by droughts, floods, storms, and landslides documented by the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) database were selected. Using a descriptive approach, the study reveals that large-scale events are closely linked to intense rainfall in extensive and densely populated areas of Brazil. Particularly in villages and slums, where inadequate infrastructure coexists with socioeconomic vulnerabilities, rain-related disasters can compromise living spaces and drive displacements as mechanisms of escape and adaptation. In a context of climate crisis, such disasters are expected to occur more frequently in the future, predominantly affecting the poorest and most vulnerable populations. Therefore, prevention, adaptation, and resilience policies will become increasingly important to reduce the risks and impacts of disasters on the population. precipitationrelated precipitation related 201 2022 end droughts floods storms IDMC (IDMC selected approach largescale large scale slums vulnerabilities rainrelated rain adaptation crisis future populations Therefore prevention 20 202 2

Abstract In February 2023, anomalously heavy rainfall caused widespread landslides in the coastal city of São Sebastião (Southeastern Brazil). This report describes the first version of a landslide inventory dataset for this event. The inventory is primarily based on the analysis of aerial images with 10 cm spatial resolution acquired immediately after the event, as well as archive images from Google Earth and PlanetScope. Delimitation of the landslides relied on a comparison of the images along with the area’s Digital Surface Model (DSM) and hydrography. The spatial vector dataset (shapefile and geopackage) contains points representing the landslide’s crowns and polygons indicating the affected area and is openly available in Zenodo. 2023 Southeastern Brazil. Brazil . Brazil) event 1 PlanetScope areas s DSM (DSM hydrography shapefile geopackage Zenodo 202 20 2

Resumen Se presenta la caracterización regional del contexto de inestabilidad de laderas y taludes a lo largo de la Ruta Nacional de montaña 613 ubicada en Coto Brus, Costa Rica, disparada por precipitaciones intensas durante el paso del huracán Eta entre el 1 y 6 de noviembre de 2020. Estableciendo el contexto geológico, geomorfológico e hidroclimático, además de observaciones de campo, mapas inventario de deslizamientos y depurado de insumos geoespaciales, se brinda una propuesta de zonificación a priori del corredor montañoso en tramos estables y propensos ante deslizamientos (presencia deslizamientos, pendiente, altura taludes y laderas). A partir de mapas inventario de deslizamientos, estudio por subcuencas hidrológicas, interpretación geológica y predominancia de suelos MH derivados de materiales volcaniclásticos, se determina moderada a alta disección en gran parte de la zona de influencia del corredor, determinándose que al menos 24 % de la ruta es susceptible a procesos de remoción en masa, con influencia de controles geológico-estructurales. Además, los moduladores hidroclimáticos e hidrometeorológicos (larga y corta estancia, respectivamente), que favorecen con cada época lluviosa los eventos extremos de precipitación en el Pacífico sur, podrían disparar a futuro inestabilidad de laderas en el corredor; sin excluir escenarios de sismos superficiales generados en alguna de las cinco fallas geológicas por las cuales atraviesa el corredor. Este estudio contribuye a la definición posterior del peligro y riesgo, como estudio base que establece las condiciones ambientales del corredor vial.

Abstract In this regional investigation, it is characterized the slope instability along the 613 National Road corridor located in Coto Brus county in Costa Rica, triggered by intense precipitation rates between November the 1st and the 6th related to Eta's hurricane pathway. By stablishing the geological, geomorphological and hydroclimatic context, besides field annotations, landslides map inventory and geospatial terrain inputs, it is proposed a priori road zonation in stable and landslide prone sections of the mountain corridor (considering landslide occurrence, slope, and slope height). From landslides map inventory, hydrological sub-basin analysis, geological setting and MH soil-type predominance derived from volcaniclastic deposits allows to determine moderate to high terrain dissection and at least 24 % of the road corridor is prone to slope instability with a clear influence of geological tectonic features. In addition, there are hydroclimatic and hydrometeorological features (long and short period modulators, respectively) that could trigger hillslope instability along the road corridor in the near future, by the development of extreme precipitation events every rainy season on Costa Rica's southern Pacific, without excluding possible superficial seismic rupture scenarios at one of the five active fault traces that crosses the road corridor. This study contributes to future geological hazard and risk assessments, as a base study of the environmental conditions that moderate geodynamic processes at the road corridor.