ABSTRACT Background: Ilex guayusa Loes. belongs to the family Aquifoliaceae. It is an evergreen tree native to the Amazon region. According to traditional uses, it is used as a diaphoretic, narcotic, purgative, among other uses. Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant capacity, quantify phenols and total flavonoids of extracts obtained from Ilex guayusa leaves. Methods: Total ethanolic extract was obtained using Soxhlet-type equipment, with subsequent liquid/liquid fractionation with solvents of different polarities (petroleum ether, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate); were reacted with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,2′-azino-bis- 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS•+), determining the inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) and relative antioxidant activity (%AAR), with subsequent statistical analysis (ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc). Total phenols and flavonoids were quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and complex formation with AlCl3, respectively. Results: The ethanolic extract of leaves showed the highest antioxidant activity in both the DPPH• and ABTS•+ methods with IC50 values of 4.58 and 3.82 ppm, respectively. Conclusions: According to the results obtained in this study, it was possible to corroborate that the ethanolic extract (EE) obtained from the leaves of I. guayusa showed the highest antioxidant capacity, by the DPPH• and ABTS•+ methods. Additionally, it was possible to relate this capacity to the high flavonoids content present in this extract. Based on the above and accompanied by future studies, the Ilex guayusa species could be proposed as an important source of antioxidant compounds with possible application in medicine and the food industry.

RESUMEN Antecedentes: Ilex guayusa Loes. pertenece a la familia Aquifoliaceae. Es un árbol perenne, nativo de la región amazónica. De acuerdo con los usos tradicionales es empleada como diaforético, narcótico, purgativo, entre otros usos. Objetivo: Evaluar la capacidad antioxidante, cuantificar fenoles y flavonoides totales de extractos obtenidos a partir de las hojas de Ilex guayusa. Métodos: El extracto etanólico total se obtuvo mediante un equipo tipo “Soxhlet”, con posterior fraccionamiento líquido/ líquido con solventes de diferentes polaridades (éter de petróleo, diclorometano y acetato de etilo); se hicieron reaccionar con 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidracilo (DPPH•) y ácido 2,2′-azino-bis-3-etilbenzotiazolin-6-sulfónico (ABTS•+), determinando la concentración inhibitoria 50 (IC50) y la actividad antioxidante relativa (%AAR), con posterior análisis estadístico (ANOVA y post-hoc de Tukey). Los fenoles y flavonoides totales se cuantificaron con el método de Folin-Ciocalteu y el de formación de complejos con AlCl3, respectivamente. Resultados: El extracto etanólico de las hojas fue el que presentó mayor actividad antioxidante tanto en el método DPPH• como en el ABTS•+ con valores de IC50 de 4,58 y 3,82 ppm, respectivamente. Conclusiones: De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos en este estudio, se pudo corroborar que el extracto etanólico obtenido de las hojas de I. guayusa mostró la mayor capacidad antioxidante, por los métodos DPPH• y ABTS•+. Adicionalmente, se pudo relacionar esta capacidad con el alto contenido de flavonoides presentes en este extracto. Con base en lo anterior y acompañado de futuros estudios, la especie I. guayusa podría proponerse como una importante fuente de compuestos antioxidantes con posible aplicación en los campos de la medicina y la industria alimentaria.

Abstract: Introduction: X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a peroxisomal disease due to a mutation in the ABCD1 gene that leads to the accumulation of very-long-chain fatty acids in tissues. Objective: To describe one patient with severe childhood cerebral X-ALD and to analyze his diagnostic process and the rapeutic possibilities. Clinical Case: 7-year-old male child, with a six-month history of decreased visual acuity, learning difficulties due to lack of attention, reading and writing impairment, and social isolation. On physical examination, he presented bilateral decrease in visual acuity, hypoprosexia, hyperpigmented lesions on the hands, and gait abnormality. Brain MRI showed bilateral white mat ter signal alteration in parieto-occipital regions, with 12 points on the Loes’ scale. He also presented adrenal insufficiency, meeting clinical criteria for X-ALD. Very-long-chain fatty acid was elevated, confirming the diagnosis. Three months later, the patient progressed to vision loss and inability to walk. MRI was repeated showing 15 points in the Loes’ scale due to extensive structural involvement of the central nervous system, with rapidly progressive deterioration. Therefore, he was not consi dered a candidate for bone marrow transplantation. Conclusion: This case of X-ALD was of severe childhood cerebral presentation, with rapid progression. The clinical evaluation and classification of radiological findings according to the Loes’ scale should guide the choice of management.

Resumen: Introducción: La adrenoleucodistrofia ligada al cromosoma X (ADLX) es una enfermedad peroxisomal, debida a la mutación en el gen ABCD1 que conllevan acumulo de ácidos grasos de cadena muy larga en los tejidos. Objetivo: Describir el caso de un paciente con ADLX de presentación cerebral infantil aguda, revisar su proceso diagnóstico y posibilidades terapéuticas. Caso Clínico: Escolar masculino de 7 años, con cuadro clínico de seis meses de evolución de disminución en la agudeza visual, dificultades escolares por inatención, alteración en lectoescritura y aislamiento social. Al examen físico, disminución bila teral de agudeza visual de rápida progresión, hipoprosexia, lesiones hiperpigmentadas en las manos, e inestabilidad para la marcha. Estudio inicial de resonancia magnética cerebral (RMC) mostró altera ción de la señal de sustancia blanca parieto-occipital bilateral, índice de compromiso neurorradiologico de Loes de 12 puntos. Se documentó insuficiencia adrenal, cumpliendo criterios clínicos de ADLX. Se realizó estudio de ácidos grasos de cadena muy larga, encontrándose elevados, confirmándose el diagnóstico. Tres meses más tarde evoluciona a pérdida de la visión e incapacidad para la marcha, se realizó RMC con un índice de Loes de 15 puntos debido a compromiso extenso estructural de siste ma nervioso central (SNC), deterioro rápidamente progresivo, por lo que no se consideró candidato para trasplante de medula ósea. Conclusión: El presente caso de ADLX es una forma de presentación cerebral infantil aguda, de rápida progresión. La evaluación clínica y clasificación de hallazgos de com promiso radiológico por índice de Loes, deben guiar la elección para decidir el manejo.

ABSTRACT In the present investigation the essential oil of the "lime-lime" (Aloysia aloysioides Loes and Moldenke) was studied, it was collected in the district of Tintay, Apurímac-Peru, the inhabitants of this area, use it for its anti-inflammatory properties in the form of plasters. The objective is to extract and characterize the essential oil of Aloysia aloysioides Loes & Moldenke and evaluate the antibacterial activity. From 674 grams of fresh sample (branches) the essential oil was obtained by steam distillation, then it was characterized by performing a physicochemical analysis, chromatographic by GC-MS, spectroscopic FT-IR and antibacterial analysis. The essential oil was obtained with a yield of 0.38%; β-Caryophyllene (10.88%), limonel (9.9%), p-cymene (7.22%), caryophyllene oxide (5.98%), Nerolidol (4.96%) and α-humulene were identified (4.92%) as majority components. In addition, this essential oil has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, up to a 73% effectiveness close to gentamicin; for these reasons it could be used in pharmaceutical preparations.

RESUMEN En la presente investigación se estudió al aceite esencial de la “lima-lima” (Aloysia aloysioides Loes y Moldenke), fue colectada en el distrito de Tintay, Apurímac-Perú, los pobladores de esta zona, lo utilizan por sus propiedades antiinflamatorias en forma de emplastos. El objetivo es extraer y caracterizar al aceite esencial de la Aloysia aloysioides Loes & Moldenke y evaluar la actividad antibacteriana. A partir de 674 gramos de muestra fresca (ramas) se obtuvo el aceite esencial por destilación por arrastre con vapor, luego, se caracterizó realizando un análisis fisicoquímico, cromatográfico por CG-EM, espectroscópico FT-IR y el análisis antibacteriano. Se obtuvo el aceite esencial con un rendimiento de 0,38%; se identificó al β-Cariofileno (10,88 %), limonelo (9.9 %), p-cimeno (7,22%), Oxido de cariofileno (5,98 %), Nerolidol (4,96 %) y α-humuleno (4,92 %) como componentes mayoritarios. Además, este aceite esencial tiene actividad antibacteriana frente a Staphylococcus aureus, hasta un 73% de efectividad cercano a la gentamicina; por estas razones podría ser usado en preparaciones farmacéuticas.

ABSTRACT Background: Apathy is an important neuropsychiatric symptom in alcohol-related cognitive impairment in general, and Korsakoff’s syndrome in specific. However, research in patients with Korsakoff’s syndrome on the multifaceted nature of apathy is lacking. Objectives: Aim of the current study was to examine behavioral, cognitive and emotional apathy in alcoholic Korsakoff patients, also investigating the association with overall cognitive and executive dysfunction. Methods: We studied 43 patients with Korsakoff’s syndrome (mean age 60.9, SD=6.5, range 38-70) using the Apathy Evaluation Scale - Informant Version (AES-I) and also administered the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Adult Version (BRIEF-A) as a measure of daily executive problems. Results: In our sample, 76% of the Korsakoff patients were classified as being apathetic. AES-I scores correlated with overall cognitive function and were related to observer-rated daily executive problems. Discussion: Apathy is highly prevalent in Korsakoff patients and related to overall cognitive dysfunction and everyday executive problems. Our results stress the need to further examine underlying mechanisms of apathy in Korsakoff patients and the need for interventions aimed at reducing apathy.

RESUMO: Um ouriço pigmeu africano de três anos de idade, nascido e domiciliado no Brasil, apresentou apatia, prostração e dificuldade em permanecer em estação. Os pais deste ouriço eram irmãos, mas não apresentaram sinais clínicos relacionados a esta condição. Com a piora dos sinais clínicos, o animal foi eutanasiado e encaminhado para necropsia. Não foram encontradas lesões macroscópicas no sistema nervoso central (SNC). Histologicamente, havia vacuolização com degeneração axonal na substância branca do SNC e no tecido nervoso periférico. A coloração de Kluver-Barrera (KB) confirmou desmielinização nas áreas vacuolizadas e a imuno-histoquímica utilizando vários marcadores, confirmou astrocitose e microgliose associadas com as áreas de vacuolização. Além disso, houve discreta diminuição da imunointensidade da proteína proteolipídica da mielina (PLP) nessas áreas. Estes resultados sugerem origem genética da desmielinização que resultou na síndrome de wobbly descrita neste relato.

ABSTRACT: A three-year-old female African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris), born and domiciled in Brazil, presented apathy, prostration, and difficulty to stay standing. Its parents were siblings but did not present clinical signs related to this condition. As its clinical condition worsened, the animal was euthanized and referred for necropsy. No gross lesions were found in the central nervous system (CNS). Histologically, there was vacuolation with axonal degeneration in the white matter of the CNS and in peripheral nervous tissue. The Kluver-Barrera (KB) stain confirmed demyelination in vacuolated areas. Immunohistochemistry using several neural markers confirmed astrocytosis and microgliosis associated with vacuolated areas. In addition, there was a mild decrease in the immuno intensity of myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) in these areas. These results suggest a genetic origin of the present demyelination, which resulted in the wobbly syndrome described in this report.

Abstract The construction of the 18REST, a short 18-item inventory to describe students’ position on John Holland's RIASEC interest types, is documented. The instrument is meant to be used in large-scale assessment in education and on the labor market, supplementing information on school achievement and social-emotional skills. This research was carried out in Brazil, initially with two independent samples composed by adolescents and adults. The 18REST's psychometric properties are compared to those of the more extended RIASEC item pool and confirmed in a new independent undergraduate sample. Despite differences between genders were found as expected, invariance measurement across gender was indicated. Different ways to use the 18REST in large-scale assessment are discussed.

RESUMEN La poca capacidad de retención de agua en suelos arenosos es un factor determinante en la erosión del terreno y en el entorno ecológico de la meseta de Loes, en China. Debido a su capacidad de absorción y a su amplia superficie específica, se investigó el uso de materiales nanocarbonados hechos de cáscara de coco de forma que con la estabilización del suelo se pueda mejorar la retención de agua. Se realizaron experimentos con muestras tomadas en el área de estudio en las cuales se mezcló una capa de materiales nanocarbonados a una profundidad de 20 cms. Los análisis se realizaron a partir de cuatro parámetros establecidos por el contenido en peso de los materiales nanocarbonados (0 %, 0.1 %, 0.5 % y 1 %) y de cinco parámetros basados en el espesor de la mezcla de nanocarbonados con el suelo, que van de uno a cinco centímetros. Las distribuciones de infiltración acumulada y contenido de agua frente a material sólido se determinaron al añadir agua a las muestras de suelo. A través del método de centrifugación se obtuvieron las relaciones agua-suelo (SWCC, del inglés Soil Water Characteristic Curves). Los principales resultados muestran que el índice de infiltración y la infiltración acumulada aumenta con proporción directa a los contenidos nanocarbonados, al igual que crece el espesor de la capa mezclada del suelo con materiales nanocarbonados. Los contenidos de agua y suelo en la capa de suelo nanocarbonada se redujeron pronunciadamente. Los modelos de Brooks-Carey y van Genuchten describen las relaciones de agua-suelo en suelos arenosos irregulares con varios contenidos de nanocarbón. Tanto el contenido de saturación de agua (θs), como el contenido de agua residual (θr) y el parámetro empírico (α) aumentaron proporcionalmente con el contenido de nanocarbón, mientras que el índice de distribución de los poros (n) bajó. Los contenidosdisponibles de aguay suelo seincrementaron eficientemente con el aumentode los contenidos nanocarbonados.

ABSTRACT The poor water retention capacity of sandy soils commonly aggregate soil erosion and ecological environment on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Due to its strong capacity for absorption and large specific surface area, the use of nanocarbon made of coconut shell as a soil amendment that could improve water retention was investigated. Soil column experiments were conducted in which a layer of nanocarbon mixed well with the soil was formed at a depth of 20 cm below the soil surface. Four different nanocarbon contents by weight (0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%) and five thicknesses of the nanocarbon- soil mixture layer ranging from 1 to 5 cm were considered. Cumulative infiltration and soil water content distributions were determined when water was added to soil columns. Soil Water Characteristic Curves (SWCC) were obtained using the centrifuge method. The principal results showed that the infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration increased with the increases of nanocarbon contents, to the thicknesses of the nano carbon-soil mixture layer. Soil water contents that below the soil-nano carbon layer decreased sharply. Both the Brooks-Corey and van Genuchten models could describe well the SWCC of the disturbed sandy soil with various nano carbon contents. Both the saturated water content (θs), residual water content (θr) and empirical parameter (α) increased with increasing nano carbon content, while the pore-size distribution parameter (n) decreased. The available soil water contents were efficiently increased with the increase in nanocarbon contents.

Different representative practices of technical and technological education in health have been evidenced in Ecuador. Programs, in a greater or lesser extent, have been broken up, so they do not respond to the common developed and educative projects. Taking into account the limited tradition and experience in the elaboration of these projects and the absence of an explicit public politics that goes beyond the rules of LOES implementation, either the professors staff or other decision actors, have found great difficulties to assume the challenge. Therefore, the critical analysis of the Bolivian Technological Institute situation, as well as the empirical investigations carried out, allowed the investigators to elaborate an institutional educative management project

En Ecuador se han evidenciado diferentes prácticas representativas de la educación técnica y tecnológica en salud. Los programas, en mayor o menor medida, han estado desarticulados, de manera que no responden a los proyectos de desarrollo y a los proyectos educativos comunes. Teniendo en cuenta la escasa tradición y experiencia en la elaboración de estos últimos y la ausencia de una política pública explícita que vaya más allá de los reglamentos de implementación de la LOES, tanto el profesorado como otros actores decisores, han encontrado grandes dificultades para asumir el reto. Por tanto, el análisis crítico de la situación del Instituto Tecnológico Bolivariano de Tecnología, así como las indagaciones empíricas realizadas por los investigadores, permitió la elaboración de un proyecto de gestión educativa institucional

Objetivo: Avaliar a correlação dos parâmetros do tensor de difusão com o escore de Loes e se os parâmetros do tensor de difusão poderiam indicar alterações estruturais precoces. Materiais e Métodos: As medidas do tensor de difusão foram obtidas em 30 exames de 14 pacientes com adrenoleucodistrofia ligada ao X e foram correlacionadas com o escore de Loes. Um grupo controle de 28 pacientes masculinos foi avaliado para estabelecer medidas do tensor de difusão pareadas por idade. Análises estatísticas intra e interobservador foram feitas. Resultados: As medidas do tensor de difusão apresentam forte correlação com o escore de Loes segundo o coeficiente de Pearson (r), com valores de –0,86, 0,89, 0,89 e 0,84 para a fração de anisotropia e difusibilidades média, radial e axial (p < 0,01). A análise da mudança nas medidas do tensor de difusão no estágio inicial da doença indica que os valores de difusibilidades média e radial podem ajudar a predizer a progressão da doença. Conclusão: As medidas de parâmetros do tensor de difusão poderiam ser usadas como um adjunto ao escore de Loes, auxiliando no monitoramento da doença e alertando uma possível progressão do escore de Loes na faixa de interesse para decisões terapêuticas.

Objective: The present study was aimed at evaluating the correlation between diffusion tensor imaging parameters and Loes score as well as whether those parameters could indicate early structural alterations. Materials and Methods: Diffusion tensor imaging measurements were obtained in 30 studies of 14 patients with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy and were correlated with Loes scores. A control group including 28 male patients was created to establish agematched diffusion tensor imaging measurements. Inter- and intraobserver statistical analyses were undertaken. Results: Diffusion tensor imaging measurements presented strong Pearson correlation coefficients (r) of –0.86, 0.89, 0.89 and 0.84 for fractional anisotropy and mean, radial and axial diffusivities (p < 0.01). Analysis of changes in diffusion tensor measurements at early stage of the disease indicates that mean and radial diffusivities might be useful to predict the disease progression. Conclusion: Measurements of diffusion tensor parameters can be used as an adjunct to the Loes score, aiding in the monitoring of the disease and alerting for possible Loes score progression in the range of interest for therapeutic decisions.

In a search for sustainable options of greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) management, the toxic and/or repellent potential of water, ethanolic, and acetonic extracts of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (Asteraceae), Comocladia engleriana Loes (Anacardiaceae), Piper auritum Kunth (Piperaceae), Raphanus raphanistrum L. (Brassicaceae), and Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. aggr.* (Asteraceae) were evaluated. Repellency was assessed by the cylinder method (olfactometer), while toxicity and oviposition inhibition were assessed by the leaf immersion method. Acetonic extracts did not cause any repellent or insecticidal effect. In contrast, 200 mg mL-1 water and ethanolic extracts of R. raphanistrum and ethanolic extract of A. artemisiifolia had the highest repellent activity (76%, 72%, and 69%, respectively) although their activity decreased gradually over time. Ethanolic extracts of P. auritum (66%) and R. raphanistrum (56%) at 200 mg mL¹ were highlighted as being toxic, while the most effective in inhibiting oviposition were water extracts of R. raphanistrum (76.1%) and P. auritum (72.0%) and ethanolic extract of P. auritum (69.5%); however, concentrations lower than 60 mg mL-1 caused oviposition stimulation. Our results suggest that water and ethanolic extracts of R. raphanistrum and P. auritum represent a useful tool in integrated whitefly management.

The clinical paradigm of evidence-based medicine requires a foundation of good quality research upon which clinical and epidemiological decisions can be based. Several instruments have been designed to assess research quality and validated, though most have limitations. The MINCIR scale was designed to determine the methodological quality (MQ) of clinical research, its psychometric properties for dental research involving large-scale evaluations have not yet been determined. The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the MINCIR scale for assessment of the MQ of dental therapy studies published in journals indexed in Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) databases. A validation study was performed on a sample of 99 articles from four representative ISI dental journals. Criterion validity was determined in relation to level of evidence (LoE) classification as described by the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) ranking system, reliability was determined by calculation of intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) values, and internal consistency was determined by calculation of Cronbach’s alpha. Very good inter-observer reliability (ICC = 0.93), excellent temporal stability (ICC = 0.97), good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.77), and a strong (inverse) correlation with OCEBM LoEs (-0.807; p < .0001) were obtained. These results indicate that the MINCIR scale has adequate psychometric properties and therefore is a valid option for use in the assessment of MQ in dental therapy research articles.

Late Cenozoic sediments exposed in a quarry in the locality of Marcos Paz (Buenos Aires province) are studied from a stratigraphic and paleomagnetic point of view. The whole sequence, with the exception of the recent soil, belongs to the Pleistocene and is integrated by clayey silts, partly sandy and also by a layer of fine sand. Eleven different depositional/postdepositional units, numbered from unit 1 to 11 downwards, were determined. The units 1, 2 and 3 at the upper part of the geological section should be assigned to Brunhes (< 0.78 Ma). Below a depth of 6 meters the reverse polarity zone corresponds to Matuyama (> 0.78 Ma). Matuyama Magnetozone includes some subzones of normal polarity that should be assigned to the Subchron Jaramillo (0.99 Ma) and to the Subchron Olduvai (1.9 Ma). The reverse polarity levels determined at the bottom of the profile should be assigned to the lower Matuyama (> 1.9 Ma). The highest susceptibility values are recorded in the less pedogenized sediments (400 x 10-5) while the lowest values are always obtained in gley horizons (30 x 10-5). The data support the wind-vigor magnetoclimatological model although damped by pedogenesis and weathering as it was established previously.

Sedimentos del Cenozoico tardío expuestos en una cantera en las cercanías de la localidad de Marcos Paz, provincia de Buenos Aires, son estudiados desde el punto de vista estratigráfico y paleomagnético. La totalidad de la sucesión, a excepción del suelo actual, es de edad pleistocena y esta integrada por limos arcillosos algo arenosos y arenas finas. A partir del análisis de registros depositacionales y de las modificaciones postdepositacionales (paleosuelos) se determinaron 11 unidades estratigráficas. Las unidades 1, 2 y 3 del tramo superior corresponden a Brunhes (< 0,78 Ma), por debajo de los 6 metros de profundidad y hasta la base de la explotación, los registros paleomagnéticos fueron referidos a Matuyama (> 0,78 Ma). La Magnetozona Matuyama contiene subzonas de polaridad normal que fueron asignadas a las Subcronozonas Jaramillo (0,99 Ma) y Olduvai (1,9 Ma). En la base del perfil geológico (U10-U11), se determinaron niveles de polaridad reversa que se asignaron a Matuyama inferior (> 1,9 Ma). Los valores más elevados de susceptibilidad volumétrica corresponden a los materiales parentales menos pedogenizados (400 x 10-5) y los más bajos a los horizontes gley (20-30 x 10-5 Si). A partir de estos registros, se confirma la existencia de un modelo magnetoclimático de fuertes vientos atenuado por pedogénesis y meteorización, establecido en trabajos anteriores.

Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com abordagem sócio-histórica cujo objetivo foi conhecer o estigma e preconceito vivenciado por pacientes/residentes institucionalizados acometidos pela hanseníase. Para tanto, foram entrevistados três pacientes que viveram em um hospital colônia no período do estudo, utilizando-se o método de história oral. Os dados foram coletados e posteriormente analisados, utilizando-se do referencial de estigma. Os resultados evidenciaram que após o ingresso na instituição, esses doentes tiveram seus laços familiares rompidos, perderam seus direitos como cidadãos, em decorrência dessa situação, assumiram novas vidas em um novo contexto. Concluindo, o isolamento nosocomial por um longo período de tempo (anos de internação e afastamento), provocou a morte simbólica de muitos pacientes que viviam com a esperança de um retorno ao convívio familiar e/ou social.

This study is a qualitative research with a socio-historic approach whose objective was to know the prejudice and stigma lived by the institutionalized patients/residents with hanseniase. To achieve this goal, three patients were intervewed who lived in a colony hospital during the research period, utilizing the oral history method. Data were collected and were further analysed, utilizing the stigma referencial. The results indicated that after the entry in the institution, these patients got their family bonds broken, lost their rights as citizens, regarding the situation, they took upon a new life, in a new environment. Concluding that, the nosocomial isolation for a long period of time (years of confinement and dismissal), caused the symbolic death of many patients that lived with the hope to cohabit with family and/or society.

El presente es un estudio de investigación cualitativa con abordaje socio-histórica. Tuvo como objetivo conocer el estigma y el prejuicio vivido por los pacientes institucionalizados portadores de lepra. Utilizándose el método de história oral, fueran entrevistados tres pacientes, que vivieron en un hospital en el período del estudio. Los datos fueran colectados y después analizados utilizándose el referencial del estigma. Los resultados colocaran en evidencia que, después del ingreso en la instituición, las personas tuvieran sus lazos familiares rotos, perdieran sus derechos como ciudadanos y asumiran nuevas vidas en un nuevo contexto. En conclusión, el aislamiento nosocomial por uno largo período de tiempo (años de internación y aislamiento), provocó la muerte simbólica de muchos que vivian con la esperanza del regreso a la convívencia familial y social.

This study is a qualitative research with a socio-historic approach whose objective was to know the prejudice and stigma lived by the institutionalized patients/residents with hanseniase. To achieve this goal, three patients were intervewed who lived in a colony hospital during the research period, utilizing the oral history method. Data were collected and were further analysed, utilizing the stigma referencial. The results indicated that after the entry in the institution, these patients got their family bonds broken, lost their rights as citizens, regarding the situation, they took upon a new life, in a new environment. Concluding that, the nosocomial isolation for a long period of time (years of confinement and dismissal), caused the symbolic death of many patients that lived with the hope to cohabit with family and/or society.

El presente es un estudio de investigación cualitativa con abordaje socio-histórica. Tuvo como objetivo conocer el estigma y el prejuicio vivido por los pacientes institucionalizados portadores de lepra. Utilizándose el método de história oral, fueran entrevistados tres pacientes, que vivieron en un hospital en el período del estudio. Los datos fueran colectados y después analizados utilizándose el referencial del estigma. Los resultados colocaran en evidencia que, después del ingreso en la instituición, las personas tuvieran sus lazos familiares rotos, perdieran sus derechos como ciudadanos y asumiran nuevas vidas en un nuevo contexto. En conclusión, el aislamiento nosocomial por uno largo período de tiempo (años de internación y aislamiento), provocó la muerte simbólica de muchos que vivian con la esperanza del regreso a la convívencia familial y social.

Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com abordagem sócio-histórica cujo objetivo foi conhecer o estigma e preconceito vivenciado por pacientes/residentes institucionalizados acometidos pela hanseníase. Para tanto, foram entrevistados três pacientes que viveram em um hospital colônia no período do estudo, utilizando-se o método de história oral. Os dados foram coletados e posteriormente analisados, utilizando-se do referencial de estigma. Os resultados evidenciaram que após o ingresso na instituição, esses doentes tiveram seus laços familiares rompidos, perderam seus direitos como cidadãos, em decorrência dessa situação, assumiram novas vidas em um novo contexto. Concluindo, o isolamento nosocomial por um longo período de tempo (anos de internação e afastamento), provocou a morte simbólica de muitos pacientes que viviam com a esperança de um retorno ao convívio familiar e/ou social.

Los tumores de la papila de Vater constituyen tumores de aparición inusual. Su incidencia es menor al 5% de los tumores del tracto gastrointestinal. La edad de aparición es variable siendo mayor entre los 50-70 años, predominando en el sexo masculino. Una incidencia menor lo constituyen los tumores neuroendocrinos de la ampolla, los cuales tienen aproximadamente 105 casos como reporte en la literatura mundial. Presentamos a un paciente masculino de 53 años de edad, quien consulta por pérdida de peso, dolor abdominal, ictericia obstructiva. Ultrasónido Abdominal y TAC abdomino pelvica: Hepatomegalia. LOEs hepáticos. Barro vesicular. Dilatación de vías biliares intra y extrahepáticas, LOE de cabeza de pancreas. Se le realiza duodeno pancreatectomia de Whipple con hemorragia digestiva a repetición. El estudio histológico mostró un carcinoma neuroendocrino de la papila duodenal, tipo I (epitelial) grado III.

Tumors of the papilla are unusual entities. The incidence is less than 5 % of all new digestive tract neoplasms. It may occur in all age groups, but they are more prevalent in people aged 50-70 years, a slight male predominance. Endocrine neoplasms have a less incidence and only 105 cases are reported in the literature. A case of a 53-year-old male with weight loss, abdominal pain, obstructive jaundice is reported. Abdominal ultrasonography showed hepatomegaly, hepatic lesions, biliary sludge, and pancreatic lesion with intra-extra hepatic biliary tract dilatation. He had a successive upper digestive bleeding, pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. Histological evaluation showed neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater, Type I (epithelial) Grade III.