This study presents a solution to solid waste problems, focusing on spent lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) and iron ore tailings (IOT) from the Mariana environmental accident in Brazil. The approach involves the production CoFe2O4 from LiBs and IOT, which serves as a catalyst for solar photo-Fenton reactions for methylene blue (MB) decolorization and as an electrochemical sensor for ascorbic acid (AA) detection. Chemical analysis showed recycling potential, with 45.22 ± 0.22% m m−1 Co from LiBs and 14.9 ± 1.5% m m−1 Fe from IOT, determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP OES) and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The sol-gel synthesized CoFe2O4 exhibited a crystallite size of 51.9 ± 1.3 nm and agglomerated crystal clusters. Recycled-CoFe2O4 exhibited a 98.1% MB decolorization efficiency in 60 min under solar irradiation and remained above 92.3% in all 7 reuse cycles. The electrochemical sensor exhibited a coefficient of determination of 0.9987, a sensitivity of 3.352 ± 0.0428 μA mol L−1, and a limit of detection of 0.5511 µM in the concentration range of 1.96 to 23.08 mmol L−1 for AA detection. This study demonstrates the potential of recycled-CoFe2O4 in an environmentally friendly dye removal and as an electrochemical sensor, offering sustainable waste management and resource utilization with solar energy. problems lithiumion lithium ion (LiBs IOT (IOT Brazil CoFeO CoFe O CoFe2O photoFenton photo Fenton (MB (AA 4522 45 22 45.2 022 0 0.22 m1 1 m− 149 14 9 14. 15 5 1.5 ICP OES FAAS. FAAS . (FAAS) solgel sol gel 519 51 51. 13 3 1. clusters RecycledCoFe2O4 RecycledCoFeO Recycled Recycled-CoFe2O 981 98 98.1 6 923 92 92.3 cycles 09987 9987 0.9987 3352 352 3.35 00428 0428 0.042 L1 L 05511 5511 0.551 196 96 1.9 2308 23 08 23.0 L− recycledCoFe2O4 recycledCoFeO recycled recycled-CoFe2O energy 452 4 2 45. 02 0.2 (FAAS RecycledCoFe RecycledCoFe2O 98. 92. 0998 998 0.998 335 35 3.3 0042 042 0.04 0551 551 0.55 19 230 23. recycledCoFe recycledCoFe2O 0. 099 99 0.99 33 3. 004 04 0.0 055 55 0.5 09 0.9 00 05

SUMMARY: The rapid advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed our lives by connecting objects and creating an intelligent environment that drives automation and massive data collection. IoT has overcome challenges through remote monitoring, robotics, and sensors, with powerful wireless technologies opening up possibilities in various fields, including anatomical techniques. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of integrating IoT technology into the body maceration process by developing a low-cost, accessible, automated maceration control device compatible with theArduino IDE programming environment. Using an open-source NodeMCU system based on the ESP-12E chip, which employs the LUA programming language and is compatible with Arduino IDE, we incorporated a microSD card reader module for data storage, a digital temperature sensor (DS18B20), a clock module (DS3231), a magnetic stirrer, and an aquarium heater controlled by a digital thermostat with relay (W1209). To validate the device, we conducted maceration tests on C57BL mice, comparing two groups: Control (n=5; weight=17g) subjected to maceration in 4 liters of water at 10°C without agitation; Experimental (n=5; weight=17g) exposed to maceration in 4 liters of water at 35°C, with agitation at 1500 r/min and water flow renewal at a rate of 900 ml/h. Specimens were evaluated for their degree of maceration, cleaned, weighed, and photographed. The maceration time for the control and experi- mental groups was 730 hours and 60 hours, respectively. In the experimental group, no foul odors, damage, or bone demineralization were detected. The device cost was 60 USD, and programming through the Arduino IDE environment was straightforward. The focus on hardware contributed to accessibility and time savings. The system operated with a conventional power supply and required a water supply, making it adaptable to various configurations with greater capacity. Under this configuration, we effectively controlled the variables (temperature, agitation, and water flow). The NodeMCU-based bone maceration system improved the performance and adaptability of existing systems and increased accessibility by reducing costs, complexity, and foul odors.

RESUMEN: El rápido avance del Internet de las Cosas (IoT) ha transformado nuestras vidas al conectar objetos y crear un entorno inteligente que impulsa la automatización y la recolección masiva de datos. El IoT ha superado desafíos a través del monitoreo remoto, la robótica y los sensores, con tecnologías inalámbricas potentes que abren posibilidades en diversos campos, incluidas la anatomía y las técnicas anatómicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue demostrar la viabilidad y los beneficios de integrar la tecnología IoT en el proceso de maceración cadavérica mediante el desarrollo de un dispositivo de control de maceración automatizado, accesible y de bajo costo, compatible con el entorno de programación Arduino IDE. Usando un sistema NodeMCU de código abierto basado en el chip ESP-12E, que emplea el lenguaje de programación LUA y es compatible con Arduino IDE, incorporamos un módulo lector de tarjetas microSD para el almacenamiento de datos, un sensor de temperatura digital (DS18B20), un módulo de reloj (DS3231), un agitador magnético y un calentador de acuario controlado por un termostato digital con relé (W1209). Para validar el dispositivo, realizamos pruebas de maceración en ratones C57BL, comparando dos grupos: control (n=5; peso=17g) sometido a maceración en 4 litros de agua a 10°C sin agitación; experimental (n=5; peso=17g) expuesto a maceración en 4 litros de agua a 35°C, con agitación a 1500 r/min y renovación del flujo de agua a una velocidad de 900 ml/h. Los especímenes fueron evaluados según su grado de maceración, limpiados, pesados y fotografiados. El tiempo de maceración para los grupos control y experimental fue de 730 horas y 60 horas, respectivamente. En el grupo experimental no se detectaron malos olores, daños ni desmineralización de los huesos. El costo del dispositivo fue de 60 USD y la programación a través del entorno Arduino IDE fue sencilla. El enfoque en el hardware contribuyó a la accesibilidad y al ahorro de tiempo. El sistema operaba con una fuente de alimentación convencional y requería un suministro de agua, lo que lo hace adaptable a diversas configuraciones con mayor capacidad. Bajo esta configuración, controlamos eficazmente las variables (temperatura, agitación y flujo de agua). El sistema de maceración ósea basado en NodeMCU mejoró el rendimiento y la adaptabilidad de los sistemas existentes, y aumentó la accesibilidad al reducir los costos, la complejidad y los malos olores.

The Internet of Things is an important element of Industry 4.0, which has brought innovative technological contributions to the energy sector; Industry 4.0 allows organisations to transition to intelligent companies through the use of the Internet of Things and technologies that favour manufacturing and production processes to be more efficient. The aim of this paper is to identify how the application of the Internet of Things has had benefits in the energy sector. This paper presents a literature review in a traditional way, to identify the importance of the Internet of Things and its application in the energy sector in the field of wind, solar, hydroelectric, and fossil energy. The analysis of the literature shows that there are studies that indicate the benefit of the internet of Things in the energy sector, with 48 documents being recognised, of which 25 publications belong to the year 2022.

Die Internet van Dinge (loT) is 'n belangrike element van Industrie 4.0, wat innoverende tegnologiese bydraes tot die energie sektor gebring het. Industrie 4.0 stel organisasies in staat om oor te skakel na intelligente ondernemings deur die gebruik van IoT en tegnologieë wat vervaardigings- en produksieprosesse bevoordeel om doeltreffender te wees. Die doel van hierdie artikel is hoe die toepassing van IoT voordele in die energie sektor gehad het, te identifiseer. Hierdie artikel bied 'n literatuuroorsig op 'n tradisionele manier aan om die belangrikheid van die IoT en die toepassing daarvan in die energie sektor op die gebied van wind, sonkrag, hidro-elektriese, sowel as fossiel energie te identifiseer. Die ontleding van die literatuur toon dat daar studies is wat die voordeel van die IoT in die energie sektor aandui, met 48 dokumente wat erken word, waarvan 25 publikasies in 2022 was.

Abstract: This document reviews microstrip antennas used in wireless energy transfer and collection systems in microwave bands, based on their technical and structural parameters. The foregoing will allow the identification of outstanding aspects in the use of the different antenna configurations and suggest future lines of research that contribute to the development of this area. For this, a literature review of research articles, papers presented at conferences and symposiums, among others, is carried out which allows knowing the different existing proposals around the subject of study. As a result, it is found that there is a great variety of configurations and techniques for the design of these antennas, with which the radiation pattern can be modified, and the gain improved. It is concluded then that there is no defined construction pattern to obtain the ideal antenna. However, a research perspective is opened to establish and evaluate new structures and materials for the optimization of this type of antennas used in the collection of RF energy as another alternative for the charging of low power devices and the development of the internet of things (IoT) technology.

Resumen: En este documento, se realiza una revisión de las antenas de microcinta utilizadas en sistemas de transferencia y captación de energía electromagnética radiada en las bandas de microondas, en función de sus parámetros técnicos y estructurales. Lo anterior permitirá identificar aspectos destacados en el empleo de las distintas configuraciones de antenas y sugerir líneas de investigación futuras que contribuyan con el desarrollo de esta área. Para ello, se realiza una revisión de literatura de artículos de investigación, trabajos presentados en conferencias y simposios, entre otros, que permitan conocer las diferentes propuestas existentes en torno al tema de estudio. Como resultado, se encuentra que existe una gran variedad de configuraciones y técnicas para el diseño de estas antenas, con los cuales se puede modificar el patrón de radiación y mejorar la ganancia. Se concluye entonces, que no existe un patrón definido de construcción para obtener la antena ideal. Sin embargo, se abre una perspectiva a la investigación para establecer y evaluar nuevas estructuras y materiales para la optimización de este tipo de antenas utilizadas en la recolección de energía de RF como otra alternativa para la carga de dispositivos de baja potencia y el desarrollo de la tecnología de internet de las cosas (IoT).

ABSTRACT Global solar radiation (Qg) is of paramount importance for several functions, such as photosynthesis and other biological processes, technologies based on solar energy (production of electricity and hot water), estimation of evapotranspiration (irrigation management), and forecast of crops, among other activities, at zero cost. This study aimed to develop a new methodology to estimate the daily and monthly value of global solar radiation based on the power generated by a 10 W photovoltaic solar panel. The methodology performance was assessed by comparing the Qg values estimated by the new method and the Qg values observed in a weather station, and also calculated by the SunDATA software and observed in the NASA POWER system. High r, R2, and Willmott coefficient values (close to 1), a low mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.202 kWh m−2 per day, a low mean bias error (MBE) of −0.146 kWh m−2 per day, a low mean percentage error (MPE) of 3.25%, and a low root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.292 kWh m−2 per day were obtained, confirming the excellent accuracy and reliability of the proposed methodology to estimate Qg. The NASA POWER system and SunDATA software presented similar values for the entire study period compared to the observed data, but not as good as the proposed technique. Thus, the proposed methodology had high performance in estimating Qg. (Qg functions processes production water, water , water) irrigation management, management management) crops activities cost 1 panel station r R2 R close 1, 1) MAE (MAE 0202 0 202 0.20 m2 m 2 m− MBE (MBE 0146 146 −0.14 MPE (MPE 325 3 25 3.25% RMSE (RMSE 0292 292 0.29 obtained data technique Thus 020 20 0.2 014 14 −0.1 32 3.25 029 29 02 0. 01 −0. 3.2 −0 3. −

RESUMO A radiação solar global (Qg) é de suma importância para diversas funções, como fotossíntese e outros processos biológicos, tecnologias baseadas em energia solar (produção de eletricidade e água quente), estimativa da evapotranspiração (manejo da irrigação), previsão de cultivos, entre outras atividades, a custo zero. Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver uma nova metodologia para estimar o valor diário e mensal da radiação solar global com base na potência gerada por um painel solar fotovoltáico de 10 W. O desempenho da metodologia foi avaliado pela comparação entre os valores de Qg estimados pelo novo método e os valores de Qg observados em uma estação metereológica, e também pelos valores calculados pelo software SunDATA e os observados no sistema NASA POWER. Altos valores de r, R2 e coeficiente de Willmott (próximos de 1), baixo erro médio absoluto (MAE) de 0,202 kWh m-2 por dia, baixo erro médio da estimativa (MBE) de -0,146 kWh m-2 por dia, baixo erro médio percentual (MPE) de 3,25% e baixa raiz do erro quadrático médio (RMSE) de 0,292 kWh m-2 por dia foram obtidos, confirmando a excelente acurácia e confiabilidade da metodologia proposta para estimar o Qg. O sistema NASA POWER e o software SunDATA apresentaram valores semelhantes para todo o período de estudo em relação aos dados observados, mas os da presente metodologia foram melhores. Assim, a metodologia proposta apresentou alto desempenho na estimativa da Qg. (Qg funções biológicos produção quente, quente , quente) manejo irrigação, irrigação irrigação) cultivos atividades zero 1 W metereológica r R próximos 1, 1) MAE (MAE 0202 0 202 0,20 m2 m 2 m- MBE (MBE 0,146 0146 146 -0,14 MPE (MPE 325 3 25 3,25 RMSE (RMSE 0292 292 0,29 obtidos melhores Assim 020 20 0,2 0,14 014 14 -0,1 32 3,2 029 29 02 0, 0,1 01 -0, 3, -0 -

Resumen Este artículo profundiza en el potencial de los sensores IoT de bajo consumo al aprovechar la sinergia de tres tecnologías esenciales: LoRaWAN, técnicas de recolección de energía y supercapacitores, enfatizando el papel fundamental que desempeñan estas tecnologías en el siempre creciente ámbito de IoT y su contribución a soluciones sustentables de bajo consumo de energía. Se presenta el desarrollo e implementación de un sistema diseñado para informar rápidamente sobre problemas en sistemas metropolitanos de baja tensión. Introduce soluciones de hardware rentables que incorporan métodos no convencionales de almacenamiento de energía, como supercapacitores en lugar de baterías tradicionales. La información recopilada se transmite a un centro de operaciones de red a través de una red LoRaWAN de acceso público. Este sistema ofrece una visión integral del estado de las redes eléctricas, lo que permite la identificación de eventos esporádicos y recurrentes, facilitando la formulación de medidas correctivas y preventivas destinadas a mejorar la calidad de la prestación de servicios.

Abstract This article delves into the potential of low-power IoT sensors by harnessing the synergy of three essential technologies: LoRaWAN, energy harvesting techniques, and supercapacitors. It emphasizes the pivotal role these technologies play in the ever-expanding realm of IoT and their contribution to sustainable, low-power solutions.The study presents the development and implementation of a system designed for rapid issue reporting within low-voltage metropolitan systems. It introduces cost-effective hardware solutions that incorporate unconventional energy storage methods, such as supercapacitors instead of traditional batteries. The collected information is transmitted to a network operations center via a publicly accessible LoRaWAN network. This system offers comprehensive insights into the condition of electrical networks, enabling the identification of both sporadic and recurring events. It empowers the formulation of corrective and preventive measures aimed at enhancing the quality of service provision.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cephalic pancreaticoduodenectomy or Whipple surgery has been the elective surgical procedure as a treatment for neoplastic pathologies of the pancreas, duodenum and bile ducts. Despite advances in surgical techniques, multidisciplinary management continues to be a great challenge. Materials and Methods: Analytical, retrospective, cross-sectional study of postoperative cephalic duodenal-pancreatectomy patients over 18 years of age, admitted to an Intensive Care unit, from January 2022 to July 2023. Variables evaluated: sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex); associated comorbidities; variables of interest in the ICU (SOFA, APACHE, days of ICU admission, days of hospitalization, requirement for orotracheal intubation IOT, days of IOT, requirement for vasopressors), outcome in ICU; surgical variables of interest: duration of surgery, surgical complications. Results: 24 patients were included. Median age: 66 years (min: 35; Max: 85; IQR: 59-77); 14 (58%) female. Most frequent comorbidities: High blood pressure 17 (71%), Diabetes Mellitus 26 (25%), Heart disease 3. SOFA at admission average of 4; (min:1; Max: 11; DS:3); APACHE upon admission: average of 15; (min:6; Max: 24; DS: 4); Mean ICU stay was 6 days (min: 1; Max: 68; SD: 14). There were 5 (21%) deaths. Factors associated with mortality were the use of vasopressors (p=0.013), acute renal failure (p=0.009), surgical site infection (p=0.023), and a mean estimated SOFA of 9 (p=0.0012). Conclusion: Multidisciplinary management of patients undergoing Whipple surgery is essential in order to optimize results, preventing the appearance of complications, and thus reducing their morbidity and mortality.

RESUMEN Introducción: La duodenopancreatectomía cefálica o cirugía de Whipple ha sido el procedimiento quirúrgico electivo como tratamiento de las patologías neoplásicas de páncreas, duodeno y vías biliares. A pesar de los avances en técnicas quirúrgicas continúa siendo un gran desafío el manejo multidisciplinario. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio analítico, retrospectivo, de corte transversal, de pacientes postoperados de duodenopancreatectomía cefálica mayores de 18 años, ingresados a una unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, de enero de 2022 a julio de 2023. Variables evaluadas: características sociodemográficas (edad, sexo); comorbilidades asociadas; variables de interés en UCI (SOFA, APACHE, días de internación en UTI, días de internación hospitalaria, requerimiento de Intubación orotraqueal IOT, días de IOT, requerimiento de vasopresores), desenlace en UTI; variables de interés quirúrgicas: duración de la cirugía, complicaciones quirúrgicas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 24 pacientes. La media de edad: 66 años (mín:35; Máx: 85; RIC: 59-77); 14 (58%) sexo femenino. Comorbilidades más frecuentes: Hipertensión arterial 17 (71%), Diabetes Mellitus 26 (25%), Cardiopatía 3. SOFA al ingreso media de 4; (mín:1; Máx: 11; DS:3); APACHE al ingreso: media de 15; (mín:6; Máx: 24; DS: 4); media de internación en UTI fue de 6 días (mín:1; Máx: 68; DS: 14). Se constataron 5 (21%) óbitos. Factores asociados a la mortalidad el uso de vasopresores (p=0,013), insuficiencia renal aguda (p=0,009), infección del sitio quirúrgico (p=0,023), y una media de SOFA estimada en 9 (p=0,0012). Conclusión: Es fundamental el manejo multidisciplinario de pacientes sometidos a cirugía de Whipple a fin de optimizar los resultados, previniendo la aparición de complicaciones, y disminuyendo de esta forma la morbimortalidad de los mismos.

Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) has the potential to revolutionize healthcare by enabling remote patient monitoring, personalized care and disease prevention. In Ecuador, research on IoT in the healthcare field is rapidly expanding. However, there’s a need for a clearer understanding of the current state of this research. This study examines the contributions of Ecuadorian authors in this field through their publications in two globally impactful bibliographic databases. The methodology employed is a systematic review using the PRISMA statement, resulting in a final stage comprising 23 articles. These publications encompass system proposals, prototypes, and reviews with applications in areas such as epidemiology, cardiology and nursing. The recurrent mention of patient information privacy is a challenge in implementing IoT-based healthcare systems. The conclusions emphasize that future work perspectives should address the challenges identified, considering the growing trend of publications from Ecuadorian authors.

Resumen: El Internet de las Cosas (IoT) tiene el potencial de revolucionar la atención médica al permitir la monitorización remota de pacientes, atención personalizada y prevención de enfermedades. En Ecuador, la investigación sobre IoT en el campo de la salud está expandiéndose rápidamente. Sin embargo, es necesario tener una comprensión más clara del estado actual de esta investigación. Es así como el presente trabajo analiza las contribuciones de los autores ecuatorianos en este campo, a través de sus publicaciones en dos bases de datos bibliográficas de impacto global. La metodología empleada es una revisión sistemática utilizando la declaración PRISMA, lo que resulta en una etapa final con 23 artículos. Las publicaciones abarcan propuestas de sistemas, prototipos y revisiones con aplicaciones en áreas como epidemiología, cardiología y enfermería. Se destaca la mención recurrente de la privacidad de la información del paciente como un desafío en la implementación de sistemas de atención médica basados en IoT. En las conclusiones se enfatiza que las perspectivas de trabajo futuro deben abordar los desafíos expuestos, teniendo en cuenta la creciente tendencia de publicaciones de autores ecuatorianos.

INTRODUCTION: General dentists are often reluctant to perform interceptive orthodontic treatment (IOT) in their practices. As IOT can be of great benefit to some patients, the study aimed to explore the factors that influence the implementation of such treatment. METHODOLOGY: A sample of 24 general dental practitioners was selected. One-on-one interviews, guided by two questionnaires, were conducted with each of the participants at either their place of work or in a public location. They answered structured questions regarding the treatment plans for five paper patient scenarios to test their knowledge on interceptive orthodontics (IO). The knowledge scores were assessed according to whether the participants were in private or public practice and on a socioeconomic scale according to where they practiced. A second questionnaire focused on the patient confidence levels with respect to performing IOT as well as other practical issues that have a bearing on IOT. RESULTS: All the participants in the study achieved a knowledge score over 70% with no statistically significant differences found between the private and public sectors. However, when compared according to the different socioeconomic areas, the practitioners from the middle-income socioeconomic area displayed a lower knowledge score that was statistically significant (p=0.029). This group also performed significantly (p=0.001) poorer than the other groups when "treating" Case 1. Seventy-five percent of the participants were very confident regarding their IO diagnosis and treatment planning. However, this confidence was tempered by their confidence (42%) in their undergraduate orthodontic programme. All the participants acknowledged the importance of timeous IOT, yet only 79% stated that they would have treated the "patients" in their own practices. Factors affecting the non-delivery of IOT in practice showed that 50% of the dentists expressed no interest in orthodontics, 54% mentioned medical aid remuneration as a negative factor and 58% did not have the practice infrastructure to be able to perform IOT. CONCLUSION: The lack of interest compounded by the practical challenges of finances, practice infrastructure and lack of patient motivation and compliance are the real issues, with patients often being considered for treatment when it is too late for IOT. Factors influencing dental practitioners' decision to perform interceptive orthodontic treatment in public and private practice settings in the Tshwane metropole, South Africa.

ABSTRACT Industry 4.0 has revolutionised the way industries around the world operate, enabling greater efficiency and process optimisation. However, for many in developing countries, such as Cuba, the cost of implementing advanced technologies can be a significant challenge. In this context, the Velkys controller, developed by the company AlaSoluciones, is presented as a low-cost solution to boost the development of Industry 4.0 in the country. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the capabilities of the Velkys controller, presenting the hardware and software development of the device. The main element used is the ESP32 microcontroller, which provides wireless connection via Wifi and Bluetooth, as well as powerful processing capabilities. The controller firmware is based on the real-time operating system (FreeRTOS), ensuring efficient and reliable operation. This solution simplifies the transition to Industry 4.0 in contexts where the level of risk associated with the process is not extreme, such as in light manufacturing and agribusiness, among others, representing a viable and economical alternative to promote automation in Cuban industry.

RESUMEN La Industria 4.0 ha revolucionado la forma en que operan las industrias en todo el mundo, permitiendo una mayor eficiencia y optimización de los procesos. Sin embargo, para muchos países en desarrollo, como Cuba, el costo de implementar tecnologías avanzadas puede ser un desafío significativo. En este contexto, el controlador Velkys, desarrollado por la empresa AlaSoluciones, se presenta como una solución de bajo costo para impulsar el desarrollo de la Industria 4.0 en el país. El objetivo de este artículo es demostrar las capacidades del controlador Velkys, presentando el desarrollo hardware y software del dispositivo. Se utiliza como elemento principal el microcontrolador ESP32, el cual provee de conexión inalámbrica mediante Wifi y Bluetooth, así como una potente capacidad de procesamiento. El firmware del controlador se basa en el sistema operativo en tiempo real (FreeRTOS), asegurando una operación eficiente y confiable. Esta solución simplifica la transición hacia la Industria 4.0 en contextos donde el nivel de riesgo asociado con el proceso no sea extremo, como en la manufactura liviana y la agroindustria, entre otros, representando una alternativa viable y económica para promover la automatización en la industria cubana.

Resumen Los Smart Ports (Puertos Inteligentes) se enfocan en desarrollar procesos más competitivos bajo criterios de costos, tiempos e información alrededor de toda la cadena de suministro con ayuda de las tecnologías pertenecientes a la industria 4.0. La presente investigación, tiene como objetivo analizar el uso de tecnologías emergentes empleadas en Smart Ports mediante consultas de análisis bibliométrico y revisión de literatura de la base de datos Scopus, donde se categorizaron por temáticas comunes. Se concluye el auge y desarrollo de la adopción de tecnologías emergentes en los puertos, principalmente el Internet de las Cosas (IoT), Big Data, Blockchain e Inteligencia Artificial; estas tecnologías han ayudado a que los procesos logísticos portuarios sean seguros y eficientes. También se identifica un énfasis por aportar a procesos de sostenibilidad ambiental, garantizando mediante tecnologías acciones de mejora en las terminales portuarias. Los principales ejemplos que están utilizando tecnologías de industria 4.0 en puertos se ubican en Shanghai, Huanghua, Rotterdam, Hamburgo, Barcelona, Salerno, Rávena, Vancouver y los Ángeles.

Abstract Smart Ports focus on developing more competitive processes based on criteria such as costs, time, and information across the entire supply chain with the assistance of Industry 4.0 technologies. This research aims to analyze the use of emerging technologies in Smart Ports through a literature review from the Scopus database until 2022. Bibliometrix and Vosviewer are employed for quantitative analysis, followed by a qualitative approach in an exploratory study to categorize common themes in the addressed publications. The study concludes the rise and development of emerging technology adoption in ports, primarily IoT, Big Data, Blockchain, and Artificial Intelligence. These technologies have contributed to securing and streamlining port logistics processes. There is also a notable emphasis on contributing to environmental sustainability processes through technologies ensuring improvements in port terminals. Key examples of ports incorporating Industry 4.0 technologies include Shanghai, Huanghua, Rotterdam, Hamburg, Barcelona, Salerno, Ravenna, Vancouver, and Los Angeles.

Resumen La agricultura es una actividad humana vital que contribuye al desarrollo sostenible. Hace unas décadas, el sector agrícola introdujo el Internet de las Cosas (IoT), desempeñando un papel relevante en la agricultura de precisión e inteligente. Los desarrollos IoT en agricultura requieren colaboración entre múltiples dispositivos, lo que incrementa su vulnerabilidad, debido principalmente a la falta de seguridad integrada por restricciones del contexto. Otras amenazas a estos dispositivos conciernen el almacenamiento y procesamiento de datos conectados a servidores periféricos o en nube. Para garantizar que las soluciones IoT cumplen los requisitos funcionales y no funcionales, especialmente los de seguridad, las empresas de software deberían adoptar un enfoque centrado en la seguridad para su especificación de requerimientos de software. El objetivo del artículo consistió en proponer un método ligero para especificar escenarios de seguridad integrando los puntos de vista de requisitos y arquitectura en el contexto del IoT en soluciones agrícolas. El método comprende cuatro actividades: (i) crear escenarios de buen uso, (ii) crear escenarios de uso incorrecto, (iii) traducir el escenario anterior en escenario de seguridad aplicando reglas y (iv) refinar el escenario de seguridad resultante. También se describe un prototipo de herramienta que utiliza el algoritmo propuesto para ayudar a reforzar el escenario de uso incorrecto basado en el escenario de uso correcto, dando al experto la posibilidad de completar la información para el análisis y posterior derivación del escenario de seguridad. Por último, se proporciona una evaluación preliminar del método propuesto. Los resultados de mostraron que el enfoque propuesto permite a los ingenieros de software definir y analizar escenarios de seguridad en los contextos de IoT y agricultura con buenos resultados. La encuesta, aplicada a cinco expertos en seguridad, encontró que el método de escenario de seguridad propuesto es generalmente útil, pero necesita mejoras en diferentes áreas.

Abstract Agriculture is a vital human activity that contributes to sustainable development. A few decades ago, the agricultural sector adopted the Internet of Things (IoT), which has played a relevant role in precision and smart farming. The IoT developments in agriculture require that numerous connected devices work cooperatively. This increases the vulnerability of IoT devices, mainly because they lack the necessary built-in security because of their context and computational capacity. Other security threats to these devices are related to data storage and processing connected to edge or cloud servers. To ensure that IoT-based solutions meet functional and non-functional requirements, particularly those concerning security, software companies should adopt a security-focused approach to their software requirements specification. This paper proposes a method for specifying security scenarios, integrating requirements and architecture viewpoints into the context of IoT for agricultural solutions. The method comprises four steps: (i) describe scenarios for the intended software, (ii) describe scenarios with incorrect uses of the system, (iii) translate these scenarios into security scenarios using a set of rules, and (iv) improve the security scenarios. This paper also describes a prototype application that employs the proposed algorithm to strengthen the incorrect use scenario based on the correct use scenario. Then, the expert can complete the information for the analysis and subsequent derivation of the security scenario. In addition, this paper describes a preliminary validation of our approach. The results show that the proposed approach enables software engineers to define and analyze security scenarios in the IoT and agricultural contexts with good results. A survey administered to five security experts found that the proposed security scenario method is generally useful for specifying agricultural IoT solutions but needs improvement in different areas.

Abstract The agricultural sector is among the most benefited by the Internet of Things (IoT) expansion since it allows collecting and managing a large amount of data about a crop's environment. This article presents the results of designing and testing a prototype monitoring system for agricultural variables, which can be stored and consulted in the cloud. Low-cost sensors and processing systems were easily adaptable to agricultural environments. The results confirmed the viability of implementing this system without resorting to complex technological and computational tools.

Resumen El sector agrícola se encuentra entre los más beneficiados por la expansión del Internet de las Cosas (IoT), ya que permite recopilar y gestionar una gran cantidad de datos sobre el entorno de un cultivo. Este artículo presenta los resultados del diseño y la prueba de un prototipo de sistema de monitoreo de variables agrícolas, las cuales pueden almacenarse y consultarse en la nube. Se utilizaron sensores y sistemas de procesamiento de bajo costo y fácilmente adaptables a entornos agrícolas. Los resultados obtenidos confirman la viabilidad de implementar estos sistemas sin recurrir a herramientas tecnológicas y computacionales complejas.

Resumo A Educação no século XXI está cada vez mais mediada pelas tecnologias digitais em um contexto em que enormes quantidades de informação são geradas diariamente. Nesse sentido, considerando a iminente aplicação de tendências emergentes, como a “Internet das Coisas” (IoT), o estudo de seus efeitos educacionais torna-se uma questão de grande relevância tanto para pesquisadores quanto para profissionais da Educação. Nesse contexto, o “Learning Analytics” adquire uma importância especial como uma perspectiva para abordar o tema supracitado, especialmente a partir de um tema muito relevante: a personalização da aprendizagem. Por isso, uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre learning analytics publicada nas últimas décadas se torna importante para identificar o seu potencial como fator para fortalecer a personalização da aprendizagem. Os resultados mostram um conjunto de fatores chave que incluem aspectos relacionados à avaliação, utilização de quadros, redes sociais de aprendizagem e tutoria inteligente, e a importância do acompanhamento, feedback e apoio. diariamente sentido emergentes Internet Coisas IoT, IoT , (IoT) tornase Learning Analytics supracitado relevante isso avaliação quadros inteligente acompanhamento apoio (IoT

Abstract Education in the 21 st century is increasingly mediated by digital technologies in a context in which enormous amounts of information are daily generated. Regarding this and considering the imminent application of emerging trends such as “Internet of Things” (IoT), the study of its educational effects becomes a matter of great relevance for both educational researchers and practitioners. In this context, “Learning Analytics” takes on special importance as a perspective to approach the aforementioned issue, especially from a very relevant topic: the personalization of learning. In this sense, a systematic review of literature about learning analytics published in the last two decades was carried out to identify its potential as a factor in strengthening the personalization of learning. The results show a set of key factors that include aspects related to assessment, the use of dashboards, social learning networks, and intelligent tutoring, and the importance of monitoring, feedback, and support. 2 generated Internet Things IoT, IoT , (IoT) practitioners Learning Analytics issue topic sense assessment dashboards networks tutoring monitoring feedback support (IoT

Resumen La Educación en el siglo XXI está cada vez más mediada por las tecnologías digitales en un contexto en el que se generan diariamente enormes cantidades de información. Con respecto a esto y considerando la aplicación inminente de tendencias emergentes como el “Internet de las cosas” (IoT), el estudio de sus efectos educativos se convierte en un asunto de gran relevancia tanto para los investigadores educativos como para los profesionales. En este contexto, “Learning Analytics” adquiere especial importancia como perspectiva para abordar el tema mencionado, especialmente desde un tema muy relevante: la personalización del aprendizaje. En este sentido, se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre análisis de aprendizaje publicada en las últimas dos décadas para identificar su potencial como factor de fortalecimiento de la personalización del aprendizaje. Los resultados muestran un conjunto de factores clave que incluyen aspectos relacionados con la evaluación, el uso de paneles, redes de aprendizaje social y tutoría inteligente, y la importancia del monitoreo, retroalimentación y apoyo información Internet cosas IoT, IoT , (IoT) profesionales Learning Analytics mencionado relevante sentido evaluación paneles inteligente monitoreo (IoT

Abstract Improving a technical work environment encourages creativity and enhances research efforts. The conception of a modular ventilation laboratory aims at free construction and assembly of the air circuit in different shapes, sizes, and operational variations. The modules allow the development of academic experiences, automatic data acquisition from sensors, data analysis, and verification of concepts related to ventilation in underground mines. The modular ventilation laboratory uses a teaching methodology based on a playful and low-cost way to teach engineering, mainly underground mine ventilation. The aim of this work is essentially to propose the creation of a modular underground mine ventilation laboratory to facilitate engineering teaching and allow the simulation of real situations. The Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) methodology was used to develop a framework for building the modular educational ventilation laboratory. This methodology encompasses project planning and studying, applying the Ventsim® software, and the design of a teaching laboratory with sensors and microcontrollers using the Internet of Things (IoT). The results involve the construction of a physical project with PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipes and connections and electronic circuits. The project presents the main parameters monitored in underground mines and foresees the simulation of scenarios, aiming to facilitate an understanding of the concepts of fluid mechanics and mining ventilation. The conclusions indicate that using simulation in pedagogical practices develops several activities that contribute to innumerable learning and expands the network of constructive meanings as a learning strategy. efforts shapes sizes variations experiences analysis lowcost low cost situations PlanDoCheckAct Plan Do Check Act PDCA (PDCA studying Ventsim software IoT. IoT . (IoT) polyvinyl chloride circuits scenarios strategy (IoT