A partir da constatação da existência de conexões entre as associações de representação de classe dos bancos na América Latina, que se denominou rede transassociativa, o trabalho analisa a conexão dessa rede com organizações constituídas nos Estados Unidos para atuar politicamente ao redor do mundo. O foco é o Center for International Private Interprise (CIPE), constituído em 1983, vinculado à Câmara de Comércio dos Estados Unidos, e que promove reformas políticas e econômicas orientadas para o mercado. É uma das quatro organizações centrais do National Endowement for Democracy (NED), entidade financiada pelo governo daquele país. Examina-se especialmente o caso da Argentina e do Peru. Constata-se como a relação dessas entidades com organizações latino-americanas constitui uma base estrutural para o processo de construção de hegemonia de caráter neoliberal e como se articula com o sistema financeiro. O procedimento metodológico inclui a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental.

Beginning from the verification of the existence of connections between the banking class representation associations of Latin America, the so-called transassociative network, this paper analyzes the connection of that network with American-based organizations to act politically around the world. Its main focus is the Center for International Private Interprise (CIPE), begun in 1983, linked to the United States Chamber of Commerce, and that promotes economical and political market-oriented reforms. It is one of four main organizations in the National Endowement for Democracy (NED), entity financed by the that country's government. The case of Argentina and Peru is especially examined. Two factors are examined: how the relationship of those entities with Latin-American organizations constitutes a structural base for the process of neoliberal hegemony construction and how it works with the financial system. The methodological procedure includes the bibliographical and documental research.

C'est à partir de la constatation de liens existants entre les associations de représentation de classe des banques en Amérique Latine, appelé réseau trans-associatif, que ce travail analyse la connexion qu'a ce réseau avec des organisations constituées aux Etats-Unis pour agir politiquement dans le monde entier. L'attention est portée sur le Center for International Private Interprise (CIPE), fondé en 1983, lié à la Chambre de Commerce des Etats-Unis, et dont les réformes politiques et économiques sont tournées vers le marché. C'est l'une des quatre organisations centrales du National Endowement for Democracy (NED), entité financée par le gouvernement américain. On y étudie tout spécialement le cas de l'Argentine et du Pérou. On peut voir combien la relation de ces entités avec des organisations latino-américaines constitue une base structurale dans le processus de construction de l'hégémonie à caractère néo-libéral et comment elle s'articule avec le système financier. La méthodologie comprend une recherche bibliographique et documentaire.

Las transformaciones políticas venezolanas en el siglo XX han estado asociadas a la dinámica de la industria petrolera y a las mutaciones monetarias y financieras en el ámbito internacional y nacional. En el comportamiento interno reciente, la especulación financiera en la actividad bancaria, como resultado de la ocurrencia sostenida de déficit Fiscal y su consecuencia en la economía real como “trampa depresiva” se encuentran en el centro de un mecanismo explicativo, que permite evaluar la relación deseable entre Estado y Sociedad Civil (Social choice). El artículo también enfoca los retos presentados a la política macroeconómica (Public choice) para inducir un nivel más alto de bienestar colectivo, asociado a un mayor nivel de empleo al considerar la situación presente de “burbuja petrolera”, “trampa depresiva” y “gobernabilidad restringida”.

Political transformations in twenty-first century Venezuela have been associated with the dynamic of the petroleum industry and monetary and financial mutations in international and national spheres. In recent internal behavior, financial speculation in banking activity resulting from the sustained incidence of a fiscal deficit and its consequence on the real economy in the form of a “depressive trap” are at the center of an explicative mechanism that allows for evaluating the desirable relationship between the state and civil society (social choice). The article also focuses on the challenges made to macroeconomic policies (public choice) to induce a higher level of collective well-being, associated with a higher employment level, when considering the current situation of the “oil bubble,” a “depressive trap” and “restricted govern ability.”