Resumen: En los sistemas educativos, los modelos de gestión se adaptan con la finalidad de fortalecer el sistema en su conjunto, mejorar la calidad educativa y propender al desarrollo del conocimiento. Por lo tanto, las instituciones de educación superior (IES) deben adoptar nuevos modelos de gestión que permita una administración eficiente para alcanzar sus metas. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido analizar tres modelos de gestión: Garvin, Deming e ISO 21001:2018, mediante un enfoque analítico-sintético-deductivo. Además, se ha buscado hacer una triangulación de información que permita realizar un análisis comparativo, considerando que no existe como regla general un modelo de gestión aplicable debido a que cada institución presenta diversas características, procesos estructuración institucional propia. Por esta razón, se ha planteado una propuesta dirigida a establecer nuevas perspectivas en la gestión de instituciones de educación superior en el que se recogen las mejores prácticas y dimensiones adaptadas a los requerimientos a los que se ven abocados las IES. La propuesta se ha basado en cinco categorías del modelo: procesos, funciones, objetivos-metas, mejora continua y liderazgo, en base a la vigencia, pertinencia y adaptabilidad para las IES, considerando aspectos científicos, tecnológicos y demandas de la sociedad.

Abstract: In educational systems, management models are adapted with the aim of strengthening the system as a whole, improving educational quality and promoting the development of knowledge. Therefore, higher education institutions (HEIs) must adopt new management models that allow efficient administration to achieve their goals. The objective of this study is to analyze three management models: Garvin, Deming and ISO 21001:2018 through an analytical-synthetic-deductive approach, in addition to a triangulation of information that allows for a comparative analysis, considering that there is no general rule of thumb. applicable management model because each institution presents various characteristics, its own institutional structuring processes, which is why a proposal is proposed aimed at establishing new perspectives in the management of higher education institutions in which the best practices and dimensions adapted to the requirements to which HEIs are faced. The proposal is based on five categories of the model: processes, functions, objectives-goals, continuous improvement and leadership, based on validity, relevance and adaptability for HEIs, considering scientific, technological aspects and demands of society.

RESUMO Entre 1983 e 1991, o Partido Justicialista de Santa Fé (PJSF) foi formado por uma multiplicidade de “líderes setoriais”, incapazes de se impor uns aos outros, enquanto, ao mesmo tempo, governavam a província. A organização carecia, nos termos da narrativa peronista, de um “líder político” local. A partir da análise de entrevistas próprias e de terceiros, da análise de conteúdo da imprensa local e do diálogo com a bibliografia secundária, o artigo investiga o modo como as lideranças do peronismo de Santa Fé processaram essa situação de equilíbrio de forças e o tipo de práticas que implantaram uma vez rompido esse equilíbrio. Assim, identifica-se um primeiro período (1983-1988) em que foram implantados três tipos de práticas: a realização regular de eleições internas diretas para definição de candidatos; a convocação de congressos partidários para resolver questões institucionais internas; e a distribuição de cargos no governo entre as diferentes facções do partido. Em um segundo período (1989-1991), observou-se a interrupção dessas práticas e a implementação de novas. Tratava-se da implementação da Lei das Lemas; a demissão do vice-governador da província promovida pelos próprios peronistas; e a intervenção e suspensão da vida interna da PJSF pelas autoridades justicialistas nacionais. Conclui-se que a variedade mutável de práticas observadas em ambos os momentos está associada a certas ideias que os líderes peronistas têm sobre política e como fazer política, em particular, sobre a noção de "liderança" e sobre o papel das estruturas partidárias em sua própria práxis política.

RESUMEN Una multiplicidad de “líderes de sector”, sin capacidad de imponerse uno sobre otros, configuró al Partido Justicialista de Santa Fe (PJSF) entre 1983 y 1991 mientras, al mismo tiempo, gobernaba la provincia. La organización careció, según los términos de la narrativa peronista, de un “conductor político” local. A partir del análisis de entrevistas propias y de terceros, del análisis de contenido de la prensa local y del diálogo con bibliografía secundaria, el artículo indaga en el modo en el que los líderes del peronismo santafesino tramitaron esa situación de equilibrio de fuerzas y en el tipo de prácticas que desplegaron una vez que dicho equilibrio se rompió. Se identifica, así, un primer periodo (1983-1988) en el que se desplegaron tres tipos de prácticas: la realización regular de elecciones internas directas para definir candidaturas; la convocatoria a congresos partidarios para dirimir asuntos institucionales internos; y la distribución de cargos de gobierno entre las distintas fracciones del partido. En un segundo momento (1989-1991), se observa la interrupción de dichas prácticas y la implementación de otras nuevas. Se trató de la implementación de la ley de Lemas; de la destitución del vicegobernador de la provincia promovida por parte de los propios peronistas; y de la intervención y suspensión de la vida interna del PJSF por parte de las autoridades nacionales del justicialismo. Se concluye que la cambiante paleta de prácticas observada en uno y otro momento está asociada a determinadas ideas que los dirigentes peronistas tienen sobre la política y sobre cómo hacer política, en particular, sobre la noción de la “conducción” y sobre el rol de las estructuras partidarias en su propia praxis política.

ABSTRACT Between 1983 and 1991, the Justicialist Party of Santa Fe (PJSF) was formed by a multiplicity of "sector leaders", unable to impose themselves on each other, while, at the same time, it ruled the province. The organization lacked, in the terms of the Peronist narrative, a local "political leader." Based on the analysis of our own interviews and interviews of others, the content analysis of the local press and the dialogue with secondary bibliography, the article investigates the way in which the leaders of Santa Fe Peronism processed this situation of balance of forces and the type of practices they deployed once this balance was broken. Thus, a first period (1983-1988) is identified in which three types of practices were deployed: the regular practice of direct internal elections to define candidates; the announcement of party congresses to settle internal institutional issues; and the distribution of government positions between the different factions of the party. In a second moment (1989-1991), the interruption of these practices and the implementation of new ones were observed. These included the implementation of Lemas Law; of the dismissal of the vice-governor of the province promoted by the Peronists themselves; and the intervention and suspension of the internal life of the PJSF by the national Justicialist authorities. It is concluded that the changing variety of practices observed at both times is associated with certain ideas that Peronist leaders have about politics and how to do politics, in particular, about the notion of “leadership” and on the role of party structures in their own political praxis.

The leader plays a challenging role in public organizations. The context demands specific competencies from leaders to play their role effectively and contribute to achieving institutional objectives. However, measurement instruments still need to be used to meet this context. Thus, this research aimed to create and verify the psychometric validity of an instrument for measuring leadership skills for federal educational institutions. To achieve this objective, the study of a functionalist paradigm, exploratory and descriptive character, with a quantitative approach, adopted survey research. Following approval of the project by the Research Ethics Committee, the prepared electronic questionnaire was disseminated to 1,387 permanent and active employees of a Federal Higher Education Institution. The final sample consisted of 314 respondents. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, Exploratory Factor Analysis (AFE), and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). AFC validated a model with 06 factors, each competence measured originated 03 factors: one related to the knowledge variables; another of skills; and, a factor of attitudes. Furthermore, the AFC confirmed the theory's three basic elements of competence. The AFEs, in turn, indicated the independence between the two competencies, clearly demonstrated by the separation of factors. The study is relevant because it presents the creation process and psychometric properties of a scale for measuring leadership competencies in public higher education.

El líder desempeña un papel desafiante en las organizaciones públicas. El contexto exige de los líderes ciertas habilidades para que puedan desempeñar su rol de manera efectiva y contribuir al logro de los objetivos institucionales, sin embargo, aún no existen instrumentos de medición que atiendan a este contexto. Así, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo crear y verificar la validez psicométrica de un instrumento para medir habilidades de liderazgo para instituciones educativas federales. Para lograr este objetivo, el estudio de un paradigma funcionalista, de carácter exploratorio y descriptivo, con enfoque cuantitativo, adoptó la investigación por encuesta. Tras la aprobación del proyecto por el Comité de Ética en Investigación, el cuestionario electrónico preparado se distribuyó a 1.387 empleados permanentes y activos de una institución federal de educación superior. La muestra final estuvo compuesta por 314 encuestados. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva, Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) y Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC). AFC validó un modelo con 06 factores, cada competencia medida originó 03 factores: uno relacionado con las variables de conocimiento; otro de habilidades; y, un factor de actitudes. Además, la AFC confirmó los tres elementos básicos de competencia que aporta la teoría. Las AFE, por su parte, señalaron la independencia entre ambas competencias, claramente demostrada por la separación de factores. El estudio es relevante porque presenta el proceso de creación y propiedades psicométricas de una escala para medir habilidades de liderazgo para la educación superior pública.

O líder exerce uma função desafiadora nas organizações públicas. O contexto demanda dos líderes algumas competências para que eles possam desempenhar seu papel de forma efetiva e possam contribuir ao alcance dos objetivos institucionais, porém, ainda não há instrumentos de mensuração que atendam esse contexto. Assim, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo criar e verificar a validade psicométrica de um instrumento de mensuração das competências de liderança para instituições de ensino federais. Para atingir este objetivo, o estudo de paradigma funcionalista, caráter exploratório e descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, adotou pesquisa de levantamento (survey). A partir da aprovação do projeto pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, o questionário eletrônico elaborado foi divulgado aos 1.387 servidores efetivos e ativos de uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior. A amostra final foi composta por 314 respondentes. A análise dos dados ocorreu por meio da estatística descritiva, da Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE) e da Análise Fatorial Confirmatória (AFC). A AFC validou um modelo com 06 fatores, cada competência mensurada originou 03 fatores: um relativo às variáveis de conhecimento; outro das habilidades; e, um fator das atitudes. Além disso, a AFC confirmou os três elementos básicos da competência trazidos pela teoria. As AFE’s, por sua vez, indicaram a independência entre as duas competências, demonstrada de forma clara pela separação dos fatores. O estudo é relevante pois apresenta o processo de criação e as propriedades psicométricas de uma escala de mensuração de competências de liderança para o ensino superior público.

Abstract In Costa Rica, there are significant challenges regarding wastewater treatment. This study evaluated the management of municipal wastewater in Costa Rica, with emphasis on the technological profile, the use of anaerobic systems, and the recovery of generated by-products. A mixed approach was used, combining secondary information from databases, expert consultations, and participatory workshops. It was found that most existing systems work with activated sludge and direct discharge to receiving bodies. Additionally, significant gaps were identified for the implementation of anaerobic systems for wastewater treatment. From a technical standpoint, the lack of training and confidence in designing and operating these systems was noted, along with the relevance of controlling the treatment of emerging contaminants. From an economic standpoint, the lack of financial sustainability of projects, low capacity for user payment, and lack of incentives or tiered tariff systems were identified. Within institutional gaps, the main issue was the need for clearer sectoral leadership and avoiding duplication of functions. All the above requires robust and clear regulations that allow for innovation in the systems to be implemented. Finally, it was found that, for the circular economy principle to become a reality, cultural change is required, and the paradigm that wastewater is only meant for disposal must be changed.

Resumen En Costa Rica, existen grandes desafíos en materia de tratamiento de aguas residuales. Este trabajo evaluó la gestión de aguas residuales ordinarias en Costa Rica, dando énfasis al perfil tecnológico, al uso de sistemas anaeróbicos y a la recuperación de los subproductos generados. Se consideró un abordaje mixto, combinando información secundaria de bases de datos, consultas a expertos y talleres participativos. Se logró evidenciar que la mayoría de los sistemas que existen trabaja con lodos activados y con vertido directo a cuerpo receptor. Además, se evidenciaron brechas importantes para la implementación de los sistemas de tratamiento de aguas residuales, en especial para los sistemas anaeróbicos. Desde el punto de vista técnico, se identificó la falta de capacitación y de confianza en diseñarlos y operarlos, aunado a la relevancia de controlar el tratamiento de contaminantes emergentes; desde el punto de vista económico, se apunta hacia la falta de sostenibilidad financiera de los proyectos y poca capacidad de pago de los usuarios, falta de incentivos o de sistemas tarifarios escalonados; dentro de las brechas institucionales, la principal es la necesidad de tener una rectoría más clara del sector y evitar la duplicidad de funciones. Se demostró que lo anterior requiere ir ligado de una normativa robusta y clara, que permita la innovación en los sistemas a implementar. Finalmente, se pudo detectar que, para que el principio de economía circular sea una realidad, se requiere trabajar en un cambio cultural y en romper el paradigma de que las aguas residuales solo sirven para desecharlas.

Resumen: Esta investigación tiene por objetivo analizar el liderazgo en un escenario post COVID-19 en el sector de salud pública, en los hospitales de La Serena y Coquimbo, en la región de Coquimbo (Chile). Se propone un modelo relacional con catorce hipótesis, utilizando ecuaciones estructurales a través del método de mínimos cuadrados parciales. Los resultados muestran que la calidad del servicio es consecuencia de la influencia positiva, directa e indirecta de la comunicación efectiva y el empoderamiento del equipo de trabajo, donde su varianza es explicada en un 53.4%, mientras que el desarrollo organizacional tiene una incidencia de 43.8% y 53.1%, respectivamente. Se concluye que es importante incentivar el desarrollo de un liderazgo empático dentro de las organizaciones de salud pública y sus equipos de trabajo, no solo para una buena atención dirigida a los pacientes y familias, sino también como un medio para lograr elevar la reputación institucional.

Abstract: This research study aims to analyze leadership in a post COVID-19 scenario in the public health sector, in the hospitals of La Serena and Coquimbo, from the Coquimbo region (Chile). A relational model with fourteen hypotheses is proposed, using structural equations through the partial least squares method. The results show that service quality is a consequence of the positive, direct, and indirect influence of effective communication and work team empowerment, where its variance is explained by 53.4%, while organizational development has an incidence of 43.8% and 53.1%, respectively. It is concluded that it is important to encourage the development of empathetic leadership within public health organizations and their work teams, not only for good care directed to patients and families, but also as a means to raise institutional reputation.

Resumen La gestión universitaria involucra una serie de actores claves en la toma de decisiones y la dirección estratégica de las instituciones de educación superior. Uno de estos actores es el cogobierno estudiantil, un componente fundamental en muchas universidades que busca dar voz y representación a los estudiantes en asuntos académicos y administrativos. El objetivo principal de la investigación es analizar la participación y representación estudiantil en los procesos académicos, cuya contribución ha fortalecido la gestión institucional de la Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo durante el período 2021-2023. La metodología aplicada tuvo un enfoque cuanti-cualitativo de tipo descriptiva, no experimental y transversal. Inicialmente se realizó una encuesta con la finalidad de determinar las principales necesidades de los estudiantes en sus diferentes aspectos académicos, los resultados originaron la implementación de ciertas acciones que pretendían dar respuesta a las necesidades identificadas. Adicionalmente, para identificar el nivel de satisfacción sobre la calidad de gestión del cogobierno se aplicó una encuesta para determinar los criterios y opiniones de los estudiantes respecto del desempeño e influencia de los representantes estudiantiles en la gestión institucional de la Universidad. Los resultados permitieron consolidar alianzas entre otros representantes universitarios de la provincia, una mejor comunicación con autoridades institucionales, y se forjó el liderazgo estudiantil a través del trabajo en equipo, la responsabilidad, la lealtad, el sentido de pertenencia y la calidad humanística que caracteriza a los gregorianos para constituir un referente en la educación superior.

Abstract University management involves a series of key actors in the decision-making and strategic direction of higher education institutions. One of these actors is student co-government, a fundamental component in many universities that seeks to give voice and representation to students in academic and administrative matters. The main objective of the research is to analyze student participation and representation in academic processes, whose contribution has strengthened the institutional management of University San Gregorio of Portoviejo during the period 2021-2023. The applied methodology had a quantitative-qualitative approach of a descriptive, non-experimental and transversal type. Initially, a survey was carried out with the purpose of determining the main needs of the students in their different academic aspects; the results led to the implementation of certain actions that sought to respond to the identified needs. Additionally, to identify the level of satisfaction with the quality of co-government management, a survey was applied to determine the criteria and opinions of students regarding the performance and influence of student representatives in the institutional management of the University. The results allowed for the consolidation of alliances between other university representatives of the province, better communication with institutional authorities, and student leadership was forged through teamwork, responsibility, loyalty, the sense of belonging and the humanistic quality that characterizes the Gregorians to constitute a reference in higher education.

Resumen El clima institucional, es un aspecto de interés para las instituciones educativas que buscan la mejora del desempeño de sus docentes. Por ello, la finalidad de la investigación fue determinar si el clima institucional incide en el desempeño de los docentes de la Institución Educativa Emblemática Ricardo Bentín, Lima, Perú. Fue utilizada una metodología bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, nivel correlacional causal y diseño no experimental. La muestra censal se conformó por 85 docentes, a quienes se les ha aplicado dos cuestionarios para la medición de su percepción. Según los hallazgos, el clima institucional se encuentra en un nivel bajo y el desempeño docente posee un nivel deficiente, determinándose que el clima institucional incide en el desempeño docente de forma directa y significativa.

Abstract The institutional climate is an aspect of interest for educational institutions that seek to improve the performance of their teachers. Therefore, the purpose of the research was to determine if the institutional climate influences the performance of teachers at a public educational institution in Lima, Peru. A methodology was used under a quantitative approach, causal correlational level and non-experimental design. The census sample was made up of 85 teachers, to whom two questionnaires were applied to measure their perception. According to the findings, the institutional climate is at a low level and teaching performance has a poor level, determining that the institutional climate affects teaching performance in a direct and significant way.

Resumo Este artigo investiga os fundamentos econômicos que facilitaram a liderança de Buenos Aires em sua disputa com a Confederação Argentina durante o período de 1852 a 1862. Ao contrário de parte da literatura que destaca a importância das reformas fiscais e monetárias promovidas pelas autoridades portenhas como causa da estabilização econômica e institucional da província, o trabalho argumenta que o elemento decisivo para resolver a disputa foi o histórico poder financeiro conferido pela moeda fiduciária. Esse poder permitiu um financiamento militar praticamente ilimitado, sem alterações significativas após a batalha de Caseros. Para respaldar essa hipótese, são considerados trabalhos destacados da historiografia argentina. 185 1862 província fiduciária ilimitado Caseros hipótese argentina 18 186 1

Abstract This article analyzes the economic foundations that facilitated the leadership of Buenos Aires in its dispute with the Argentine Confederation during the period 1852-1862. Unlike a part of the literature that emphasizes the relevance of the fiscal and monetary reforms promoted by the Buenos Aires authorities (as a cause of the economic and institutional stabilization of that province), the work proposes that the decisive aspect to settle the dispute was the historical financial power that its fiduciary currency conferred on it. This power allowed it a practically unlimited military financing, which was not altered after the Battle of Caseros. For these purposes, distinguished works of Argentine historiography that support the sustained hypothesis are considered. 18521862. 18521862 1852 1862. 1862 1852-1862 as province, province , province) financing Caseros purposes considered 1852186 185 186 1852-186 185218 18 1852-18 18521 1 1852-1 1852-

Resumen Este artículo indaga los fundamentos económicos que facilitaron el liderazgo de Buenos Aires en su disputa con la Confederación Argentina, durante el período 1852-1862. A diferencia de una parte de la literatura que enfatiza la relevancia de las reformas fiscales y monetarias impulsadas por las autoridades porteñas como causa de la estabilización económica e institucional de esa provincia, el trabajo plantea que el aspecto decisivo para dirimir la disputa fue el histórico poder financiero que le confirió su moneda fiduciaria. Dicho poder le permitió un financiamiento militar prácticamente ilimitado, que no tuvo alteraciones con posterioridad a la batalla de Caseros. A estos fines se consideran trabajos distinguidos de la historiografía argentina que respaldan la hipótesis sostenida. JEL: E42, H77, N46. Argentina 18521862. 18521862 1852 1862. 1862 1852-1862 provincia fiduciaria ilimitado Caseros sostenida JEL E42 E H77 H N46 N 1852186 185 186 1852-186 E4 H7 N4 185218 18 1852-18 18521 1 1852-1 1852-

RESUMEN Los Centros Regionales Universitarios de la Universidad de Panamá responden a las necesidades regionales en materia de educación superior, de las provincias donde fueron creadas, y lo hacen conforme al Plan de Desarrollo Institucional de la Universidad de Panamá (PDI) 2017-2021 y del Plan Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (PENCYT) 2019-2024, conscientes de cambios importantes requeridos en materia de planificación, organización, ejecución y evaluación institucional, contribuyendo así, al cumplimiento de su misión. En este sentido, el objetivo del presente trabajo es caracterizar la situación actual que presenta la gestión institucional, visto desde el modelo de ejecución de la gestión en el Centro Regional Universitario de Azuero. Se realizó una investigación mixta concurrente por etapas, articulando métodos del nivel teórico (inducción-deducción, análisis-síntesis), empírico (análisis documental, encuesta, entrevista, grupo focal) y elementos de la estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Se pudo constatar que, en el PDI aprobado para la ejecución de la Universidad de Panamá no se declara ni se contempla la gestión en todos los procesos universitarios necesarios para el desarrollo de los Centros, y existe limitado nivel de conocimientos de los directivos, profesores y servidores públicos administrativos con funciones de jefatura acerca de la gestión universitaria, limitando las acciones que realizan. El análisis preliminar determinó debilidades, amenazas, fortalezas y oportunidades en la gestión, evidenciando insuficiencias que requieren de un abordaje científico, para que la institución desarrolle una gestión institucional eficiente y eficaz para el cumplimiento de la misión universitaria, y con ello lograr nuevas políticas públicas en Panamá.

ABSTRACT The Regional University Centers of the University of Panama respond to the regional needs in terms of higher education, of the provinces where they were created, and do so in accordance with the Institutional Development Plan of the University of Panama (PDI) 2017-2021 and the Science, Technology and Innovation National Plan (PENCYT) 2019-2024, aware of the important changes required in terms of planning, organization, execution, and institutional evaluation, thus contributing to the fulfillment of its mission. In this sense, the objective of this work is to characterize the current situation of institutional management, seen from the management execution model at the Azuero Regional University Center. Mixed concurrent research was carried out in stages, articulating methods from the theoretical level (induction-deduction, analysis-synthesis), empirical (document analysis, survey, interview, focus group) and elements of descriptive and inferential statistics. It was found that the PDI approved for the execution of the University of Panama does not declare or contemplate management in all the university processes necessary for the development of the Centers, and there is a limited level of knowledge of the directors, professors and administrative public serves with leadership functions regarding university management, limiting the actions they carry out. The preliminary analysis determined weaknesses, threats, strengths and opportunities in management, evidencing insufficiencies that require a scientific approach, so that the institution develops efficient and effective institutional management to fulfill the university mission and thereby achieve new public policies in Panama.

Resumen Objetivo. El objetivo es desarrollar un modelo que permita una mejor comprensión de la motivación del personal docente en instituciones de educación superior (IES) desde la complejidad. Metodología. Es una investigación de tipo correlacional-descriptiva, con un método de investigación mixta, con una categoría dependiente motivación, ligada a un sistema categorial que fue extraído desde la revisión bibliográfica y depurado posteriormente por dos rondas de personas expertas mediante la técnica Delphi, quienes indicaron 6 categorías que influyen en la motivación docente: intrínsecos; extrínsecos; transformar conocimiento, generar investigación; calidad en la educación; formación permanente; docencia como generadora de estatus social. Posteriormente se construyen 40 subcategorías referenciadas que dan cuenta de cada categoría y, para mayor exactitud, se utilizó el método Lasso para reducir las subcategorías, las cuales quedaron en 27, esto garantizó la elaboración de preguntas en una encuesta de 122 registros de docentes, tipo escala likert. Resultados. La interdisciplinariedad del pensamiento complejo precisa un sin número de elementos sobre la motivación del personal docente de instituciones de educación superior que incluye aspectos de la actividad profesional, integralidad, eficacia, conocimiento, resolución de problemas, liderazgo, interacciones, aprendizaje autónomo, metodologías, asuntos institucionales, relaciones de poder y posición social. Discusión y conclusión. Es necesario partir desde una mirada holística que integre la motivación docente en diferentes aspectos: práctica docente, comportamiento del estudiantado, aspectos organizacionales, interactividad de la comunidad académica, reconocimiento, contextos históricos y situacionales. Es necesario, también, lograr integrar estos elementos que contribuyen a obtener procesos formativos de calidad.

Resumo Objetivo. O objetivo é desenvolver um modelo que permita uma melhor compreensão da motivação do corpo docente das instituições de ensino superior (IES) numa perspetiva de complexidade. Metodologia. Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo correlacional-descritiva, com método de pesquisa misto e categoria dependente de motivação. Essa pesquisa está vinculada a um sistema categórico que foi extraído da revisão da literatura e posteriormente refinado por duas rodadas de especialistas utilizando a técnica Delphi. Os especialistas indicaram 6 categorias que influenciam a motivação docente: intrínseca, extrínseca, transformar conhecimento, gerar pesquisas, qualidade na educação, educação permanente, e a docência como geradora de status social. Posteriormente, foram construídas 40 subcategorias referenciadas que dão conta de cada categoría. Para maior precisão, utilizou-se o método Lasso para reduzir as subcategorias para 27, o que garantiu a elaboração de questões em um levantamento de 122 registros de professores, tipo escala likert. Resultados. A interdisciplinaridade do pensamento complexo exige uma série de elementos na motivação do corpo docente das instituições de ensino superior que vão desde aspectos da atividade profissional, abrangência, eficácia, conhecimento, resolução de problemas, liderança, interações, aprendizagem autônoma, metodologias, questões institucionais, relações de poder e posição social. Discussão e conclusão. É necessário partir de uma visão holística que integre a motivação docente em diferentes aspectos: prática docente, comportamento dos estudantes, aspectos organizacionais, interatividade da comunidade acadêmica, reconhecimento, contextos históricos e situacionais. Alcançar a integração desses elementos que contribuem para fomentar processos de formação de qualidade também é essencial.

Abstract Objective. This study aims to develop a model that provides a better understanding of the motivation of teaching staff in higher education institutions (HEI) from a complexity perspective. Methodology. It is a correlational-descriptive type of research, with a mixed research method and a motivation-dependent category. The research is linked to a categorical system extracted from the literature review and subsequently refined by two rounds of experts using the Delphi technique. They indicated the following 6 categories that influence teaching motivation: intrinsic, extrinsic, transform knowledge, generate research, quality in education, permanent education, and teaching as a generator of social status. Subsequently, 40 referenced subcategories were constructed that account for each category. For greater accuracy, the Lasso method was used to narrow down the subcategories to 27; this ensured the formulation of questions in a survey with 122 records of teachers, based on the Likert scale type. Results. The interdisciplinarity of complex thinking requires several factors in motivating higher education faculty. These include professional activity, comprehensiveness, effectiveness, knowledge, problem-solving, leadership, interactions, autonomous learning, methodologies, institutional issues, power relations, and social position. Discussion and conclusion. It is crucial to start from a holistic view that integrates teaching motivation in different aspects such as teaching practice, student behavior, organizational aspects, interactivity of the academic community, recognition, and historical and situational contexts. Equally crucial is achieving the integration of these elements that contribute to fostering quality training processes.

Abstract Introduction: The intervention of social work (SW) promotes the social well-being of the patient. At the Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga" (HGM), SW has implemented the Social Intervention Program in Transplants (PRIST) throughout pre-, during, and post-transplant stages in several dimensions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the PRIST by identifying the supports perceived by patients. Methods and materials: This was a descriptive and qualitative study using semi-structured interviews, following an interview guide for evaluation and a thematic analysis. Results: Thirteen patients participated in this study, with a mean age of 36 years, 6 (46.1%) women, a mean schooling of 13 years, 5 (38.4%) with a living donor transplant, and an average age of 4.9 years after the transplant. Six themes were identified: informational support, orientation, and institutional efforts, social evaluation and educational intervention, monitoring of the process, emotional support, and leadership-empathy of SW. Conclusions: PRIST is positively evaluated by patients, responding to their needs. The specialized preparation of SW and the person-family-centered care contribute to a better intervention. It is suggested to implement the PRIST in other hospital contexts.

ORIENTATION: The complexity of higher education highlights leadership's significance. Effective leadership ensures quality education and institutional survival, with senior academics (specifically, professors and associate professors) greatly influencing reputation and research. Exploring senior academics' leadership experiences is therefore crucial RESEARCH PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore senior academics' experiences of leadership behaviours at a South African higher education institution, extracting their experiences of positive and negative behaviours MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: Senior academics play significant roles, with vital teaching, research, and reputation contributions to the quality of the university's educational service. Despite numerous leadership studies, none have explored senior academics' experiences in South Africa RESEARCH APPROACH/DESIGN AND METHOD: In this study, a qualitative descriptive design was employed to investigate the experiences and perspectives of 14 senior academics. The participants were selected using stratified random and snowball sampling techniques MAIN FINDINGS: Participants experienced positive, effective behaviours and negative, destructive behaviours, highlighting the complexity of leadership experiences through contrasting experiences. Positive, effective leadership behaviours include constructive engagement, compassionate support, psychological safety and enabling growth. Negative, destructive leadership behaviours include poor communication and collaboration, eroding integrity and regard, unresolved issues, depersonalisation and toxic practices PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: Understanding experiences and implementing recommendations could incorporate positive leadership behaviours into competency frameworks for human resources practices. Awareness of the leadership ethos dichotomy can potentially establish a unique and characteristic leadership culture CONTRIBUTION/VALUE-ADD: This study provides senior academics' leadership behaviour perspectives and produces lists of positive and negative leadership practices

ORIENTATION: Transformational leadership styles, characterised by vision, ethical behaviour and self-awareness are crucial for institutional change and combating political corruption; yet, the current knowledge on their relationships is limited RESEARCH PURPOSE: The study investigates the influence of political and institutional context, personality traits and leadership behaviours on President Mwanawasa's anti-corruption campaign in Zambia MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: There is a scarcity of academic research on the complex connections between political leadership, personal characteristics, political institutions and political corruption RESEARCH APPROACH/DESIGN AND METHOD: This qualitative study utilised purposive sampling; semi-structured interviews with five key informants; and secondary data that were gathered through literature study and documentation analysis. Wilber's four-quadrant model was used for thematic data analysis MAIN FINDINGS: The study highlights the importance of transformational leadership, particularly visionary and ethical leadership, in combating political corruption. It emphasises the relationship between values, emotional intelligence and leadership transition, and describes the shift from transactional to transformational leadership by advancing through stages of ego development PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: The study emphasises the importance of considering contextual factors when addressing corruption and its implications for political leadership, institutional norms, governance and leadership transitions in public policy and practice CONTRIBUTION/VALUE-ADD: The study enhances understanding of political corruption by utilising a multidimensional analytical approach that considers individual and institutional consciousness domains. It also enhances comprehension of leadership behaviours and personal growth by examining ego development stages and leadership transition

RESUMO Introdução: O artigo trata da composição do Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ) e do Conselho Nacional do Ministério Público (CNMP), entre 2005 e 2019. Uma análise dos seus membros é um fator fundamental para explicar o funcionamento desses Conselhos. Materiais e métodos: Realizamos uma prosopografia dos 105 integrantes do CNJ e dos 98 integrantes do CNMP comparando seus respectivos perfis em busca de semelhanças e diferenças. Resultados: A composição de CNJ e CNMP pode ser melhor entendida pela lógica informal do que pelos pelas regras formais de investidura dessas instituições. Por lógica informal compreendemos: i) a política que cruza as instituições judiciárias; ii) as redes acessadas e os critérios que retroalimentam filtros de seleção para as cúpulas do Judiciário e Ministério Público; e iii) os fatores exógenos à institucionalidade dos Conselhos, como pressões de associações de classe. Discussão: O padrão de recrutamento explica a fraca accountability do CNJ e do CNMP, que funcionam segundo o modelo do isomorfismo institucional: embora tenham sido criados para controlar o Judiciário e o Ministério Público, se adaptaram para se moldarem às preferências dos controlados. Introdução (CNJ , (CNMP) 200 2019 Conselhos métodos 10 9 diferenças Resultados compreendemos i judiciárias ii iii classe Discussão institucional controlados (CNMP 20 201 1 2

ABSTRACT Introduction: This article explores the member composition of the National Council of Justice (CNJ) and the National Council of the Public Prosecutor's Office (CNMP) spanning the years 2005 to 2019. Understanding the composition of these Councils is pivotal for grasping their operational mechanisms. Materials and methods: We performed a prosopography of the 105 CNJ members and the 98 CNMP members, comparing their profiles to identify similarities and differences. Results: The composition of the CNJ and the CNMP is more accurately explained by informal dynamics rather than formal appointment rules. These informal dynamics include: i) political influences within judicial institutions; ii) networks and criteria that reinforce selection filters for leadership positions in the Judiciary and Public Prosecutor's Office; and iii) external factors beyond the institutional framework of the Councils, such as pressure from professional associations. Discussion: The recruitment pattern reveals the limited accountability of the CNJ and CNMP, which adhere to an institutional isomorphism model. Despite being tasked with overseeing the Judiciary and the Public Prosecutor's Office, they have adapted to align with the preferences of those they monitor. Introduction (CNJ Prosecutors Prosecutor s (CNMP 200 2019 mechanisms methods 10 9 differences Results rules include i institutions ii iii associations Discussion model monitor 20 201 1 2

Abstract The purpose of this article is to analyze the contributions of Mouffe and Laclau from post-Marxism, agonist democracy, and populist logic that innovated the ways of building collective identities and political viability. The potency of these theories for the micropolitical development of health management was investigated. The theoretical contributions indicate passion as the driving force of politics; they propose to sublimate conflicts into action via institutional channels, establish hegemonic practices as the capacity to articulate heterogeneous demands, and explain the capacity to configure a collective identity with a contingent leadership. The particularities of health work such as the hands-on approach, the margins of autonomy, the micropolitical exercise for its development and the organization as a professional bureaucracy, enable the proposals to be put into practice. We point out that the experience of building identities within the organization from an affective bond and the vehiculation of unmet demands reduces the discomfort in the services and promotes a stance of transformation.

Resumen Este artículo pretende analizar los aportes de Mouffe y Laclau desde el posmarxismo, la democracia agonista y la lógica populista que innovaron sobre los modos de construir identidades colectivas y viabilidad política. Se indaga sobre la potencia de estas teorías para el desarrollo micropolítico de la gestión en salud. Las contribuciones teóricas ubican a las pasiones como la fuerza motora de la política; proponen sublimar los conflictos en acción por medio de canales institucionales; establecen a las prácticas hegemónicas como la capacidad de articular demandas heterogéneas; y explican la capacidad de configurar una identidad colectiva con un liderazgo contingente. Las particularidades del trabajo en salud, como la condición artesanal, los márgenes de autonomía, el ejercicio micropolítico para su desarrollo y la organización como una burocracia profesional, habilitan que las propuestas puedan ser llevadas a la práctica. Se señala que la experiencia de construir identidades al interior de la organización desde un lazo afectivo y la vehiculización de las demandas insatisfechas invitan a reducir el malestar en los servicios y a promover un posicionamiento de transformación.