Abstract Purpose: To analyze the role of the community assembly as a determining instrument to exercise governance in local indigenous politics, because the various disputes between political factions erode the social fabric and increase the inequality gap. Methodological design: A qualitative, ethnographic study in the municipality of San Luis Amatlán, Oaxaca. Fifteen in-depth interviews were carried out with authorities throughout the municipality and with the adult population. The analysis was done with the analytical categories of governance in the Internal Regulatory Systems, in addition to the participants’ opinion on the performance of the municipal administrator. Results: It was found that the recovery of the municipal community assembly, as well as the assemblies in agencies and rancherías caused greater trust among the participants, together with an increase in the possibility of tracing a joint route to recover local governance through the election of the municipal council. Limitations of the study: Although the ethnographic approach sought to give voice to multiple community actors and social sectors, the research had a greater relationship with the authorities because they coexist more closely with the resource administration processes and their oversight. Findings: The community assembly is a fundamental element of the Internal Regulatory Systems which are consistent with the local customs and habits. The function of the assembly is not only to build consensus, it also acts as a means of control and administrative surveillance. Also, there is persistent conflict derived from the institutional design of indigenous municipalities, which have forms of resolution in their uses and customs such as the assembly, which is a space to address problems directly and without intermediaries.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar el rol de la asamblea comunitaria como instrumento determinante para ejercer gobernanza en la política local indígena, ya que las diversas disputas entre facciones políticas erosionan el tejido social e incrementan la brecha de desigualdad. Diseño metodológico: Es de tipo cualitativo con una etnografía en el municipio de San Luis Amatlán, Oaxaca. Se realizaron 15 entrevistas a profundidad con autoridades en todo el municipio y con población adulta. El análisis se hizo con las categorías analíticas de gobernanza en los Sistemas Normativos Internos, además de la opinión sobre la figura de administrador municipal. Resultados: Se constató que la recuperación de la asamblea comunitaria municipal, así como las asambleas en agencias y rancherías, provocó mayor confianza entre las partes y la posibilidad de trazar una ruta conjunta para recobrar la gobernanza local a través de la elección del cabildo municipal. Limitaciones del estudio: Aunque la etnografía buscó dar voz a múltiples actores y sectores sociales comunitarios, la investigación tuvo mayor relación con las personas autoridades ya que éstas conviven con mayor cercanía con los procesos de administración de los recursos y su contraloría. Hallazgos: La asamblea comunitaria es un elemento fundamental en los Sistemas Normativos Internos, los cuales están insertos en los usos y costumbres indígenas y su función no sólo es construir consensos, sino que además actúa como medio de contraloría y vigilancia administrativa. También existe persistente conflictividad derivada del diseño institucional de los municipios indígenas, los cuales tienen formas de resolución en sus usos y costumbres como la asamblea, la cual es un espacio para abordar problemas de forma directa y sin intermediarios.

Resumen En el artículo se examina la relación entre la migración interna de NNA (niños, niñas y adolescentes) y la asistencia escolar en la entidad fronteriza de Baja California, México. Se combina el análisis de los microdatos del Censo de Población 2020 con la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas a docentes que atendieron a este sector entre 2015 y 2022. Los NNA migrantes internos presentan desventajas en la asistencia escolar y las brechas aumentan si la migración es reciente y si los padres trabajan en la agricultura. Ser indígena es un factor protector de la asistencia escolar para los migrantes no recientes, pero de riesgo para los migrantes recientes; esto último coincide con las percepciones docentes. Estos señalan que existen barreras tanto socioeconómicas como del contexto educativo que limitan la inserción escolar de estos migrantes. El Estado tiene aún pendiente garantizar el derecho pleno a la educación de los migrantes internos.

Abstract The article examines the relationship between internal migration of children and adolescents and school enrollment in the border state of Baja California, Mexico. This research combines the analysis of the 2020 Population Census microdata and semi-structured interviews with teachers who served this sector between 2015 and 2022. Internal migrant children have disadvantages in school enrollment, and the gaps increase if the migration is recent, and if the parents work in agriculture. Being indigenous is a protective factor for school attendance among non-recent migrants, but a risk factor among recent migrants; the latter is consistent with teachers’ perceptions. Teachers point out that there are both socioeconomic and educational context barriers that limit the school integration of these migrants. The State still has to guarantee the full right to education for internal migrants.

Abstract The objective of this article is to develop an analysis from the perspective of gender inequality in the story “Little Women”, by the Ecuadorian writer Solange Rodríguez Pappe, which is included in the literary work The Kindness of Strangers (2014). in the context of the Latin American narrative of the last two decades of the 21st century. The methodology to be used is textual analysis to show how the fantastic and supernatural element confronts each other between the little women and Joaquín. In relation to the analysis and results, it is concluded that in the narrative context the development of an exploratory-colonizing relationship of the male body is evident in a misogynistic and ambiguous locus in which female subversion is opposed to male domination.

Resumen El presente artículo se propone como objetivo desarrollar un análisis con perspectiva de la desigualdad de género en el cuento “Pequeñas mujercitas”, de la escritora ecuatoriana Solange Rodríguez Pappe, el cual se incluye en la obra literaria La bondad de los extraños (2014), en el contexto de la narrativa latinoamericana de las últimas dos décadas del siglo XXI. La metodología por emplear es el análisis textual, para evidenciar cómo el elemento fantástico y sobrenatural se enfrenta entre las pequeñas mujercitas y Joaquín. En relación con el análisis y los resultados, se concluye que en el contexto narrativo se evidencia el desenvolvimiento de una relación explorativa-colonizadora del cuerpo masculino en unlocus misógino y ambiguo en el que la subversión femenina se contrapone a la dominación masculina.

Abstract Equitable and permanent access to public services is not always a priority for local management, especially in those territories and historically neglected populations. This contribution argues that in Copoya, a mostly ejido locality in the Metropolitan Zone of Tuxtla Gutiérrez, state and community service for drinking water supply is inefficient. The situation has worsened with urban growth and demand for land throughout the twentieth century. Interviews, field visits and press releases show that residents, due to the lack of water, look for alternatives such as purchasing pipes, backyard wells and untreated water systems. These alternatives do not solve the underlying issue and deepen their poverty and socio-territorial inequality. The article concludes that poor investment in projects does not allow a solution for the supply in the short and medium term.

Resumen El acceso equitativo y permanente a servicios públicos no siempre es una prioridad para la gestión local, en especial en territorios y poblaciones históricamente rezagadas. Esta contribución sostiene que en Copoya, localidad mayoritariamente ejidal de la Zona Metropolitana de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, el servicio estatal y comunitario por el suministro de agua potable no es eficiente. El problema se agudizó con el crecimiento urbano y la demanda por la tierra durante el siglo XX. A partir de entrevistas, recorridos de campo y notas de prensa, se destaca que la escasez del líquido lleva a sus residentes a buscar alternativas como la compra de pipas, pozos de traspatio y sistemas de agua no tratada que no resuelven el tema de fondo y que profundizan la pobreza y la desigualdad socioterritorial. Se concluye que la inexistencia de proyectos de inversión no permite una salida para el abastecimiento en el corto y mediano plazo.

Aunque la desigualdad racial es una realidad omnipresente en la educación básica brasileña, son escasos los estudios que exploran los factores escolares que perpetúan estas disparidades. Este artículo busca llenar este vacío al evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Equidad Racial en las Escuelas (RESS), diseñada para medir el papel de las escuelas y los docentes en la promoción de la equidad racial. La RESS, compuesta por 13 ítems que abordan tanto los sistemas de equidad a nivel escolar como las prácticas en el aula, fue aplicada a 159 profesores del quinto año del sistema de escuelas públicas municipales de Río de Janeiro. El análisis reveló una alta consistencia interna de la escala (alfa de Cronbach = 0,8498). Aunque se requieran investigaciones adicionales para la validación de la escala, los resultados indican que la RESS tiene el potencial de consolidarse como una herramienta valiosa para evaluar la equidad racial en las escuelas, proporcionando una comprensión más profunda de las prácticas institucionales y los comportamientos docentes. El estudio también identifica una correlación entre un estatus socioeconómico más bajo y una menor promoción de la equidad racial, destacando la necesidad de iniciativas específicas para abordar las desigualdades educativas.

Embora a desigualdade racial seja uma realidade disseminada na educação básica brasileira, poucos estudos investigam os fatores escolares que perpetuam essas disparidades. Este artigo busca preencher essa lacuna ao avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Equidade Racial nas Escolas (RESS), desenvolvida para medir o papel das escolas e dos professores na promoção da equidade racial. A RESS, composta por 13 questões que abordam tanto sistemas de equidade em nível escolar quanto práticas em sala de aula, foi aplicada a 159 professores do quinto ano da rede pública municipal do Rio de Janeiro. A análise revelou alta consistência interna da escala (Alfa de Cronbach = 0,8498). Embora sejam necessárias pesquisas adicionais de validação, o estudo sugere que a RESS tem o potencial de se tornar uma ferramenta valiosa para avaliar a equidade racial nas escolas, oferecendo uma compreensão aprofundada das práticas institucionais e dos comportamentos dos professores. O estudo também identifica uma correlação entre um status socioeconômico mais baixo e a menor promoção da equidade racial, ressaltando a necessidade de iniciativas direcionadas para enfrentar as desigualdades educacionais.

Despite pervasive racial inequality in Brazilian elementary education, there are few studies that examine the factors within schools that perpetuate these disparities. This paper aims to address this gap by assessing the psychometric properties of the Racial Equity in Schools Scale (RESS), designed by the authors to measure the roles of schools and teachers in promoting racial equity. Administered to 159 fifth-grade teachers in the Rio de Janeiro municipal public school system, the RESS consists of 13 questions covering school-wide equity systems and classroom practices. The analysis indicates that the scale has high internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.8498). While further validation research is necessary, the current study suggests that the RESS has the potential to be a valuable tool for evaluating racial equity in schools, providing insights into both institutional practices and individual teacher behaviors. Additionally, it underscores the correlation between lower socioeconomic status and reduced promotion of racial equity, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to address educational inequities.

The objective of this work is to present the preliminary results of a study that aims to investigate the consequences of the implementation of the educational itineraries in the public system on the experience of teaching and learning of faculty and students. To achieve this, we conducted qualitative research with field observation work in a full-time school in Campinas-SP and semistructured interviews with the faculty and students. The interviews were analyzed from the perspective of Content Analysis, which resulted in thematic categories, with the following most frequent themes: strategies, affections, time, university entrance exam, relation to conventional classes and methodology among the faculty; and of affections, relation to conventional classes, university entrance exam and relevance of the teacher among the students. These themes point to the perception of the deepening of inequality brought by the itineraries, to the distancing between the expectations and interests of the school community and the policy and to the centrality of the faculty work in the process of curriculum adaptation.

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar os resultados preliminares de uma pesquisa que busca investigar as consequências da implementação dos itinerários formativos na rede pública para a experiência de ensino e aprendizagem de docentes e estudantes. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa com trabalho de observação de campo em uma escola de tempo integral de Campinas-SP, além de entrevistas semiestruturadas com docentes e estudantes. As entrevistas foram analisadas sob a perspectiva da Análise de Conteúdo que resultou em categorias temáticas, constatando-se a maior frequência dos temas: estratégias, afetos, tempo, vestibular, relação com as disciplinas tradicionais e metodologia entre as docentes; e afetos, relação com as disciplinas tradicionais, vestibular e relevância do professor entre as estudantes. Essas temáticas apontam para a percepção do aprofundamento da desigualdade proporcionada pelos itinerários, para o distanciamento entre as expectativas e interesses da comunidade escolar e a política e para a centralidade do trabalho docente no processo de tradução do currículo.

This work aims to investigate the experiences of Black female undergraduate students at the University of São Paulo (USP) to understand the challenges, achievements, and coping mechanisms related to their integration and persistence in the university. It highlights how their experiences of exclusion and belonging are shaped by the intersection of race, gender, and class. Through interviews conducted with Black female undergraduate students at USP, I seek to understand the adversities these students face in the academic environment, how they navigate these challenges, and how these experiences intersect with other dimensions of their lives, subjectivities, and identities. On one hand, I explore how experiences of racial discrimination, sexism, and other forms of inequality are perceived in their trajectories. On the other hand, I reflect on how participation in identity-based collectives and student organizations influences the construction of the identity and subjectivity of Black women at the university. Additionally, I examine the emotional impact of marginalization and how support networks and representation contribute to the resilience and retention of these students, elucidating the dynamics that influence their academic and personal lives.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar as experiências de alunas de graduação negras da Universidade de São Paulo, a fim de compreender os desafios, conquistas e mecanismos de enfrentamento relacionados à sua inserção e permanência na universidade, destacando como suas experiências de exclusão e pertencimento são moldadas pela interseção de raça, gênero e classe. Através de entrevistas realizadas com alunas negras de graduação da USP, procuro entender por quais adversidades as estudantes negras passam no ambiente acadêmico, os modos pelos quais lidam com essas experiências e como elas se articulam com as outras dimensões de suas vidas, com as suas subjetividades e identidades. Exploro, por um lado, como as vivências de discriminação racial, machismo e outras formas de desigualdade são percebidos em suas trajetórias e, por outro, reflito em que medida participação em coletivos identitários e organizações estudantis afetam a construção da identidade e subjetividade das mulheres negras na universidade. Além disso, examino o impacto emocional da marginalização e como as redes de apoio e a representatividade contribuem para a resistência e permanência dessas estudantes, elucidando as dinâmicas que influenciam suas vidas acadêmicas e pessoais.

ABSTRACT Using data from the 2020 higher education admission process, this article analyzes the distributive behavior of the special quotas of a Chilean socio-educational inclusion policy. Several indicators have been created to profile both the demand and the programmatic offer that adheres to this initiative. The results show that the allocation of special quotas is neither homogeneous nor random; the higher the elitism, academic profile and socioeconomic characteristics of a program's enrollment, the lower its number of vacancies for special admission. Likewise, special quotas increase in programs with low levels of demand and that concentrate students with low performance in admission tests. The conclusions discuss whether the contribution of the most prestigious programs make to social inclusion is more symbolic than real, as well as the configuration of a logic of instrumental use of special admission in programs with low demand.

RESUMEN Utilizando datos del proceso de admisión a la educación superior en 2020, este artículo analiza el comportamiento distributivo de los cupos especiales de una política de inclusión socioeducativa chilena. Se crearon distintos indicadores para perfilar tanto la demanda como la oferta programática que adhiere a esta iniciativa. Los resultados evidencian que la asignación de cupos especiales no es homogénea ni azarosa; conforme mayor es la elitización, perfil académico y atributos socioeconómicos de la matrícula de un programa, menor es su cantidad de vacantes para admisión especial. Asimismo, los cupos especiales aumentan en carreras con bajos niveles de demanda y que concentran estudiantes con bajo desempeño en pruebas de admisión. Las conclusiones discuten si la contribución que los programas de mayor prestigio hacen a la inclusión social es más simbólica que real, así como la configuración de una lógica de uso instrumental de la admisión especial en programas de baja demanda.

Abstract The study exposes the strategies and tactics of radical Islamism in Europe and Spain, to attract and radicalize young Muslims with a religious, media and propagandistic content; from Al Qaeda, Daesh or other related organizations that share the culture of jihad; chain of subjects, actions, messages and propaganda to participate in a process of ideologization, to make use of violence in the jihad against the West, way of life, social and political; and interfere in the democratic, liberal and legal process in Europe. This qualitative research, achieves approximations of individual characteristics and family, social, familiar and economic conditioning factors of the vulnerable groups to the jihadist message; highlighting ignorance or dissolution of their cultural, religious and ritual traditions; absence or weak individual, family or community identity, experience of social, educational, labor or political discrimination and economic inequality; facilitating the process of radicalization until their participation in acts of indiscriminate violence. This research was carried out in the city councils of Fuenlabrada and Leganés, Comunidad de Madrid and Reus and L’ Hospitalet de Llobregat, Province of Tarragona, Comunidad de Cataluña, Spain; through specialized bibliography, interviews to academic, police and intelligence experts, public attention and social services workers, the contribution of Muslim community representatives; who make emerge these elements and the need to improve strategies and preventive actions in Europe, reducing its impact on the vulnerable population.

Resumen El estudio expone las estrategias y tácticas del islamismo radical en Europa y España, para captar y radicalizar a jóvenes musulmanes de un contenido religioso, mediático, propagandístico; desde Al Qaeda, Daesh u otras organizaciones afines que comparten la cultura de la yihad; cadena de sujetos, actuaciones, mensajes y propaganda para participar en un proceso de ideologización, para hacer uso de la violencia en la yihad contra Occidente, forma de vida, social y política; e interferir en el proceso democrático, liberal y de derecho en Europa. Esta investigación cualitativa logra aproximaciones de características individuales y condicionantes familiares, sociales, familiares y económicas de los grupos vulnerables al mensaje yihadista; destacándose ignorancia o disolución de sus tradiciones culturales, religiosas y ritualidad; ausencia o débil identidad individual, familiar o comunitario, experiencia de discriminación social, educativa, laboral o política e inequidad económica; facilitando el proceso de radicalización hasta su participación en actos de violencia indiscriminada. Esta investigación se realizó en los ayuntamientos de Fuenlabrada y Leganés, Comunidad de Madrid y Reus y L’ Hospitalet de Llobregat, Provincia de Tarragona, Comunidad de Cataluña, España; a través de bibliografía especializada, entrevistas a expertos académicos, policiales e inteligencia, trabajadores en atención pública y servicios sociales, el aporte de representantes comunitarios musulmanes; quienes hacen emerger estos elementos y necesidad de mejorar estrategias y actuaciones preventivas en Europa, reduciendo su impacto en la población vulnerable.

Abstract This work examines proposals for inclusive education and the notion of vulnerability from a perspective of positive peace, arguing that building a culture of peace begins in the educational sphere, specifically through inclusive education. The latter is grounded in principles of social justice and human rights; however, its full implementation is hindered by the exclusion of certain individuals whose full participation is not deemed legitimate. This is because their social position and assigned status marginalize them from full participation in social life. In the school context, some identities are relegated to positions of inferiority due to categories such as special educational needs or learning difficulties, reinforcing their ontological and political exclusion. This production of ignorance perpetuates inequality and hinders recognition and social justice. Thus, there is a need to overcome these barriers to advance towards genuine inclusive education that promotes peace and equality.

Resumen Este trabajo examina las propuestas de educación inclusiva y la noción de vulnerabilidad desde una perspectiva de paz positiva, argumentando que la construcción de una cultura de paz comienza en el ámbito educativo, en específico a través de la educación inclusiva. Esta última se fundamenta en principios de justicia social y derechos humanos, sin embargo, su implementación plena es obstaculizada por la exclusión de ciertos individuos cuya participación plena no es considerada legítima. Esto se debe a que su posición social y el estatus asignado los marginan de la participación plena en la vida social. En el contexto escolar, algunas identidades son relegadas a posiciones de inferioridad debido a categorías como necesidades educativas especiales o problemas de aprendizaje, lo que refuerza su exclusión ontológica y política. Esta producción de ignorancia perpetúa la desigualdad y dificulta el reconocimiento y la justicia social. Así, se plantea la necesidad de superar estas barreras para avanzar hacia una educación inclusiva genuina que promueva la paz y la igualdad.

Abstract The objective of this study was to identify indicators of social inequalities associated with mortality from neoplasms in the Brazilian adult population. A scoping review method was used, establishing the guiding question: What is the effect of social inequalities on mortality from neoplasms in the Brazilian adult population? A total of 567 papers were identified, 22 of which were considered eligible. A variety of indicators were identified, such as the Human Development Index and the Gini Index, which primarily assessed differences in income, schooling, human development and vulnerability. A single pattern of association between the indicators and the different neoplasms was not established, nor was a single indicator capable of explaining the effect of social inequality at all levels of territorial area and by deaths from all types of neoplasms identified. It is known that mortality is influenced by social inequalities and that the study of indicators provides an opportunity to define which best explains deaths. This review highlights important gaps regarding the use of non-modifiable social indicators, analysis of small geographical areas, and limited use of multidimensional indicators. population used question 56 identified 2 eligible income schooling vulnerability established nonmodifiable non modifiable areas 5

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar indicadores de desigualdades sociais associados à mortalidade por neoplasias na população adulta brasileira. Utilizou-se como método a revisão de escopo, estabelecendo-se a pergunta norteadora: qual o efeito das desigualdades sociais na mortalidade por neoplasias na população adulta brasileira? Foram identificados 567 trabalhos, sendo 22 considerados elegíveis. Identificou-se uma diversidade de indicadores, como o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano e o Índice de Gini, entre outros, que avaliaram primordialmente diferenças de renda, escolarização, desenvolvimento humano e vulnerabilidade. Não foi estabelecido um único padrão de associação entre os indicadores e as diferentes neoplasias, assim como não se identificou um indicador único capaz de explicar o efeito da desigualdade social em todos os níveis de área e por óbitos por todos os tipos de neoplasias, mas identificou-se que a mortalidade é influenciada pelas desigualdades sociais e que o estudo dos indicadores proporciona definir qual melhor explica os óbitos. Essa revisão destaca importantes lacunas referentes ao uso de indicadores sociais não modificáveis, à análise de pequenas áreas e ao uso limitado de indicadores multidimensionais. brasileira Utilizouse Utilizou escopo estabelecendose estabelecendo norteadora 56 trabalhos 2 elegíveis Identificouse Identificou Gini outros renda escolarização vulnerabilidade identificouse modificáveis multidimensionais 5

BACKGROUND: Despite inpatient rehabilitation many stroke survivors struggle with community reintegration on returning home. The environment to which the stroke survivor returns affects and may limit participation in home and community-based activities. AIM: To describe stroke survivors' lived experiences of the environmental barriers and facilitators to community reintegration in an under resourced urban metropolitan sub-district in the Western Cape, South Africa. METHODS: A descriptive, qualitative study design with a phenomenological emphasis used semi-structured interviews to collect the data from purposefully selected stroke survivors who had been discharged for more than one year following inpatient rehabilitation. Supporting data were collected from interviews with two occupational therapists providing rehabilitation services to the stroke survivors. Deductive priori coding of semi-structured interviews with 11 stroke survivors, based on the environment subsystems described in the Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance (PEOP) model explored the barriers and facilitators to their community reintegration. FINDINGS: Of the six environmental sub systems in the PEOP model the systems and policy, access to information and health education, social determinants of health in the form of poor rehabilitation planning and loss of income as well as the built and natural environment presented the greatest barriers to the stroke survivor participants' community reintegration. However, reintegration was facilitated by social support and social capital, social determinants of health in the form of support groups as well as assistive technologies. CONCLUSION: Community reintegration continues to be a challenge for stroke survivors in an under-resourced urban sub-district due to environmental barriers associated with factors such as poor social support, inadequate implementation of policies and systems, poor compliance with home programmes, low socioeconomic status, poor access within the built and natural environment and inappropriate assistive devices. Several facilitators that occupational therapists can focus on to enable community reintegration included ensuring effective social support, access to community-based organisations, the introduction of home visits and provision of appropriate assistive devices. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE All stroke survivors must receive a comprehensive discharge plan to facilitate adequate access to continued rehabilitation and support for successful community reintegration. • There must be a specific referral to primary health care rehabilitation services on discharge from hospital. • Occupational therapists at community level have the responsibility to: o advocate for, or assist stroke survivors to self-advocate, the removal of inter-sectoral environmental barriers that limit their community reintegration and community participation, o where possible provide services in the home and involve midlevel workers when conducting home visits to enable successful reintegration into the home and resumption of occupational roles where possible, o look to other resources in their community that can assist in facilitating the community reintegration of stroke survivors to enable access to health, education, productive activities, and social and leisure participation opportunities, o improve their collaboration with the communities that they service.

Science investments should benefit everyone; however, research still predominantly lacks gender integration, resulting in incomplete findings and inequitable outcomes. Moreover, despite some progress, gender disparities persist in the research workforce. Research funders, including science granting councils, are pivotal in driving gender transformation through shaping knowledge production and research infrastructure. We report on key findings from the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) Gender Equality and Inclusivity (GEI) Project - a multi-year participatory intervention aimed at strengthening the capacities of councils to integrate GEI across their functions. Participating councils were located in 13 African countries, and their actions spanned four domains: building organisational GEI infrastructure; reshaping norms, practices, and power relations that perpetuate gender inequality; implementing targeted measures to address women's unequal access to resources and research opportunities; and promoting collective ownership of efforts to advance GEI in the research and innovation ecosystem. SIGNIFICANCE: • Achieving gender transformation in research and innovation hinges on addressing two intertwined challenges: structural gender inequality in higher education and research institutions, and a lack of gender integration in research content and design. • Grant-makers influence decisions about who conducts and participates in research, the types of research approaches and topics prioritised, and the populations that benefit from research findings. Adopting a GEI lens in these decisions enhances research quality and promotes equity. • Our findings pinpoint entry points for leveraging grant-making practices to advance gender transformation and underscore the importance of rooting such interventions in context.

Abstract Astronomer Edwin Hubble discovered that galaxies are constantly moving away from each other. In Argentina, educational differences between public and private schools are also permanently increasing. This qualitative study is based on interviews with teachers and principals of primary schools about the use of technology post-pandemic. Significant differences were found between educational sectors, marked by students’ socioeconomic situation. While private institutions adopted and maintained recent technologies, public ones discontinued their use, confirming the digital divide during the pandemic and increasing inter-sector educational segregation.

Resumen El astrónomo Edwin Hubble descubrió que las galaxias se alejan constantemente entre sí. En Argentina, las diferencias educativas entre escuelas públicas y privadas también aumentan permanentemente. Este estudio cualitativo se basa en entrevistas con docentes y directivos de escuelas primarias sobre el uso de tecnología pospandemia. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre sectores educativos, marcadas por la situación socioeconómica de sus estudiantes. Mientras que las privadas adoptaron y mantuvieron tecnologías recientes, las públicas discontinuaron su uso, confirmando la brecha digital durante la pandemia y aumentando la segregación educativa intersectorial.

RESUMEN La clase alguna vez fue importante en la educación de adultos, y todavía lo es en un mundo neoliberal. Pero puede ser difícil definirlo en la fragmentación de la clase trabajadora organizada y la precarización/manualización de muchas ocupaciones de la clase media. Históricamente, en las sociedades industriales se podía considerar que la clase estaba determinada por las relaciones productivas, mientras que la conciencia de clase era un fenómeno cultural, forjado en parte por los propios trabajadores en luchas educativas y políticas. Pero esas sociedades industriales más antiguas se han fragmentado y una cultura más individualizada y políticas de diversidad han pasado a ocupar un lugar central. La clase como fenómeno vivo puede descuidarse y se pone en primer plano el género, la raza y la sexualidad. No obstante, la clase sigue moldeando las experiencias entre las personas y las percepciones sobre la educación, los niveles de salud física, mental y la esperanza de vida. Y el descuido de la dinámica de clases y la desigualdad social ha sido cuestionado en formas de investigación autobiográfica y autobiográfica de la clase trabajadora. Esto se inspira en el movimiento de mujeres, el giro biográfico/narrativo y los desafíos al abandono del sujeto humano experimentado en los estudios sociales y culturales. La investigación y los escritos abarcan especialmente a mujeres de clase trabajadora en diversos entornos y diálogos intergeneracionales. La clase se cruza aquí con otras opresiones. El trabajo ilumina cómo la educación de adultos requiere una reconceptualización holística como un proceso relacional, encarnado, emocional, narrativo, psicosocial, intelectual e incluso espiritual, en el que la dinámica del reconocimiento de uno mismo/otro, el amor y la noción feminista entregarse a otro son centrales.

RESUMO A classe foi importante para a educação de adultos no passado, mas ainda é relevante no mundo neoliberal. Todavia, pode ser difícil defini-la no contexto fragmentado da organização da classe social e do caráter causal e manual de muitas ocupações da classe média. Historicamente, nas sociedades industriais, a classe era moldada pelas relações de produção, enquanto que a consciência de classe se constituía num fenómeno cultural, definido também pelos próprios trabalhadores nas lutas educativas e políticas. Mas as sociedades industriais do presente possuem uma cultura fragmentada e individualizada, assim como políticas diversificadas que assumem hoje uma dimensão central. A classe como um fenómeno social pode hoje ser negligenciada se se atribuir centralidade ao género, à raça ou à sexualidade. Apesar desta circunstância, a classe continuar a moldar as experiências entre as pessoas, as perceções acerca da educação, o nível de saúde física e mental e a esperança de vida. A negação das dinâmicas de classe e da desigualdade social foi desafiada pela investigação autobiográfica da classe trabalhadora. Esta investigação inspirou-se no movimento feminista, nos estudos biográficos e narrativos e nos desafios causados pela negação que os estudos social e culturais têm atribuído à experiência humana. A investigação e os trabalhos académicos destacam as mulheres da classe trabalhadora em contextos diversos e os diálogos intergeracionais. A classe cruza aqui com outras formas de opressão. O trabalho enfatiza como a educação de adultos exige uma reconceptualização holística, enquanto processo relacional, corporizado, emocional, narrativa, psicossocial, intelectual e até espiritual, na qual as dinâmicas de reconhecimento de si e do outro, do amor e da noção feminista de dar-se ao outro são centrais.

ABSTRACT Class once mattered in adult education, and still does in a neo-liberal world. But it can be difficult to define in the fragmentation of the organised working-class and the casualisation/manualisation of many middle-class occupations. Historically, in industrial societies class could be seen as shaped by productive relations, while class consciousness was a cultural phenomenon, partly forged by workers themselves in educational and political struggles. But those older industrial societies have fragmented and a more individualised culture and diversity politics have taken centre stage. Class as a living phenomenon can be neglected as gender, race and sexuality are foregrounded. Notwithstanding, class continues to shape experiences between people, and perceptions of education, levels of physical, mental health and life expectancy. And the neglect of class dynamics and social inequality has been challenged in forms of working-class auto/biographical research. This is inspired by the women’s movement, the biographical/narrative turn and challenges to the neglect of the experiencing human subject in social and cultural studies. The research and writing especially encompass working-class women in diverse settings, and intergenerational dialogues. Class intersects here with other oppressions. The work illuminates how adult education requires holistic reconceptualisation as a relational, embodied, emotional, narrative, psychosocial, intellectual and even spiritual process, in which the dynamics of self/other recognition, love and the feminist notion of the gift are central.