RESUMEN En la actualidad las organizaciones deben hacer frente a numerosos riesgos, dada la multitud de actividades que se desarrollan diariamente en un entorno dinámico e incierto, por lo que se hace necesario perfeccionar los modelos de gestión en función de lograr mejoras en su desempeño organizacional. El objetivo de la propuesta que se presenta es una metodología para la gestión de riesgo basado en las normas ISO 31000 en una entidad de ciencia, tecnología e innovación. Se emplearon varios métodos y técnicas que permitieron transitar desde el análisis de los fundamentos teóricos y conceptuales que permitieron presentar la metodológica, emergiendo como un instrumento para coordinar y realizar las acciones necesarias para reducir vulnerabilidades para prevenir, mitigar, atender y recuperar efectos negativos.

ABSTRACT Currently, organizations must face numerous risks, given the multitude of activities that are carried out daily in a dynamic and uncertain environment, which makes it necessary to improve management models in order to achieve improvements in their organizational performance. The objective of the proposal presented is a risk management methodology based on ISO 31000 standards in a science, technology and innovation entity. Several methods and techniques were used that allowed to move from the analysis of the theoretical and conceptual foundations that allowed to present the methodology, emerging as an instrument to coordinate and carry out the necessary actions to reduce vulnerabilities to prevent, mitigate, attend and recover negative effects.

Abstract This article focuses on the integration between DevOps, which is a set of practices that emphasizes agility, automation, and collaboration between development and operations teams, and the basic profile of the ISO/IEC 29110 standard, which provides guidelines for using quality standards and software development processes in Very Small Entities (VSEs). This research focuses on identifying how the flexible principles of DevOps can align and, at the same time, reinforce the formal structure of ISO/IEC 29110. To achieve this, the extent to which DevOps can meet the requirements of ISO is evaluated, and the extent to which they can improve process optimization, continuous improvement, and dynamic ability are ensured. Finally, elements will be discovered that would help EMPs improve their development process and remain in compliance with international standards.

Resumen Este artículo se enfoca en la integración entre DevOps, que es un conjunto de prácticas que enfatiza la agilidad, la automatización y la colaboración entre los equipos de desarrollo y operaciones, y el perfil básico del estándar ISO/IEC 29110, que proporciona pautas para usar estándares de calidad y procesos de desarrollo de software en entidades muy pequeñas (EMPs). Esta investigación se enfoca en identificar la forma en las que los principios flexibles de DevOps pueden alinearse y, al mismo tiempo, reforzar las estructuras formales del ISO/IEC 29110. Para lograrlo, se evalúa hasta qué punto DevOps puede cumplir con los requisitos del ISO y garantizar que puedan mejorar la optimización de procesos, la mejora continua y la capacidad de ser dinámicos. Finalmente, se descubrirán elementos que servirían a las EMPs para mejorar su proceso de desarrollo y permanezcan conformes con los estándares internacionales.

Resumo Objetivo: Este artigo propôs: elucidar a ligação entre a gestão documental e o desenvolvimento do governo digital cubano, apoiado pelo marco regulatório nacional. Método: A pesquisa é um estudo de caso. Foram aplicados o método analítico-sintético e a técnica de análise documental. A base normativa legal e técnica foi examinada com base em questões e parâmetros. Resultado: A revisão das normas legais arquivísticas permitiu identificar fragilidades na gestão documental. A solução esteve associada à assunção da norma ISO 15489-1 e das complementares sobre gestão de documentos arquivísticos digitais. Conclusões: As fragilidades do quadro jurídico arquivístico e a ausência de normas técnicas internacionais no quadro regulamentar nacional dificultam uma ligação eficaz entre a gestão documental e o governo digital em Cuba. Objetivo propôs cubano Método caso analíticosintético analítico sintético parâmetros Resultado 154891 15489 1 15489- digitais Conclusões Cuba 1548 154 15

ABSTRACT Objetivo: This article proposed to elucidate the nexus between records management and the development of the Cuban digital government, supported by the national regulatory framework. Methods: The research is a case study. The analytical-synthetic method and the documentary analysis technique were applied. The legal and technical normative base was examined based on questions and parameters. Results: The review of archival legal standards made it possible to identify weaknesses in records management. The solution was associated with the assumption of the ISO 15489-1 standard and the complementary ones on the management of digital records. Conclusions: The weaknesses of the archival legal framework and the absence of international technical standards in the national regulatory framework make it difficult to have an effective link between records management and digital government in Cuba. Objetivo Methods study analyticalsynthetic analytical synthetic applied parameters Results 154891 15489 1 15489- Conclusions Cuba 1548 154 15

RESUMEN Objetivo: Este artículo se propuso dilucidar el nexo entre la gestión documental y el desarrollo del gobierno digital cubano sustentado en el marco regulatorio nacional. Método: La investigación es un estudio de caso. Se aplicaron el método analítico-sintético y la técnica de análisis documental. Se examinó la base normativa jurídica y técnica a partir de interrogantes y parámetros. Resultado: La revisión de las normas jurídicas archivísticas permitió identificar debilidades en la gestión documental. La solución se asoció a la asunción de la norma ISO 15489-1 y las complementarias sobre la gestión de documentos archivísticos digitales. Conclusiones: Las debilidades del marco jurídico archivístico y la ausencia de normas técnicas internacionales en el marco regulatorio nacional dificulta la existencia de un vínculo efectivo entre la gestión documental y el gobierno digital en Cuba. Objetivo Método caso analíticosintético analítico sintético parámetros Resultado 154891 15489 1 15489- digitales Conclusiones Cuba 1548 154 15

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of ultrasonic agitation on the filling capacity of ready-to-use calcium silicate-based sealer Bio-C Sealer (BCS, Angelus, Paraná, Brazil) or powder-liquid BioRoot RCS (BR, Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France) using curved artificial canals by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Additionally, flow (mm) and flow area (mm2) were evaluated for both materials. Acrylic resin main canal (60° curvature and 5 mm radius, with 3 lateral canals in the cervical, middle, and apical thirds) were prepared up to size 40/.05 (Prodesign Logic, Brazil). The agitation method was used with ultrasonic tip (US, Irrisonic, Helse, Brazil): BCS, BCS/US, BR, and BR/US. All specimens were filled using the single-cone technique. The samples were scanned by micro-CT (8,74 µm) after obturation. The percentage of filling material and voids were calculated. Flow was evaluated based on ISO 6876/2012 standards (mm) and area (mm2). The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). BR/US showed lower percentage of filling material in the lateral canals than and, BCS/US (p<0.05). BR/US resulted in a higher percentage of voids than BR in the lateral apical third (p<0.05). BCS showed higher flow than BR (p<0.05). BCS and BR presented proper filling capacity in the simulated curved canals regardless of the use of ultrasonic agitation. However, BR/US showed more voids in the apical third. BCS demonstrates higher filling ability. readytouse ready silicatebased silicate BioC Bio C (BCS Angelus Paraná Brazil powderliquid powder liquid (BR Septodont SaintMaurdesFossés, SaintMaurdesFossés Saint Maur des Fossés, Fossés Saint-Maur-des-Fossés France microcomputed micro computed microCT. microCT CT . (micro-CT) Additionally (mm mm2 (mm2 materials 60° 60 (60 radius cervical middle thirds 4005 40 05 40/.0 Prodesign Logic Brazil. US, US (US Irrisonic Helse BCSUS BRUS singlecone single cone technique 8,74 874 8 74 (8,7 µm obturation calculated 68762012 6876 2012 6876/201 mm2. α 0.05. 005 0.05 0 0.05) p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 (p<0.05) However ability (micro-CT 6 (6 400 4 40/. 8,7 87 7 (8, 6876201 687 201 6876/20 00 0.0 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 ( 40/ 8, (8 687620 68 20 6876/2 0. p0 p<0. (p<0.0 68762 2 6876/ p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

Resumo Este estudo avaliou o efeito da agitação ultrassônica na capacidade de preenchimento de cimento pronto para uso à base de silicato de cálcio Bio-C Sealer (BCS, Angelus, Paraná, Brasil) ou pó-líquido BioRoot RCS (BR, Septodont, Saint-Maur -des-Fossés, França) utilizando canais artificiais curvos por microtomografia computadorizada (micro-CT). Adicionalmente, escoamento (mm) e área de escoamento (mm2) foram avaliados para ambos materiais. Please, replace the sentence highlighted in yellow to: O canal principal de resina acrílica (curvatura de 60° e raio de 5 mm, com 3 canais laterais nos terços cervical, médio e apical) foi preparado até o tamanho 40/.05 (Prodesign Logic, Brasil). O método de agitação foi utilizado com ponta ultrassônica (US, Irrisonic, Helse, Brasil): BCS, BCS/US, BR e BR/US. Todos os espécimes foram obturados usando a técnica de cone único. As amostras foram escaneadas por micro-CT (8,74 µm) após obturação. A porcentagem de material obturador e vazios foram calculados. O escoamento foi avaliado com base nas normas ISO 6876/2012 (mm) e área (mm2). Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelos testes ANOVA e Tukey (α = 0,05BR/US apresentou menor percentual de material obturador nos canais laterais que BCS e BCS/US (p<0,05). BR/US resultou em maior porcentagem de vazios que o BR no canal lateral do terço apical (p<0,05). BCS apresentou maior escoamento que BR (p<0,05)." BCS e BR apresentaram capacidade de preenchimento adequada nos canais curvos simulados independente do uso de agitação ultrassônica. No entanto, BR/US apresentou mais vazios no terço apical. BCS demonstra maior capacidade de preenchimento. BioC Bio C (BCS Angelus Paraná Brasil pólíquido pó líquido BR, (BR Septodont SaintMaur Saint Maur desFossés, desFossés des Fossés, Fossés -des-Fossés França microCT. microCT micro CT . (micro-CT) Adicionalmente mm (mm mm2 (mm2 materiais Please to curvatura 60 cervical 4005 40 05 40/.0 Prodesign Logic Brasil. US, US (US Irrisonic Helse BCSUS BRUS único 8,74 874 8 74 (8,7 µm obturação calculados 68762012 6876 2012 6876/201 mm2. α 005BRUS 0 05BR p<0,05. p005 p p<0,05 (p<0,05) entanto (micro-CT 6 400 4 40/. 8,7 87 7 (8, 6876201 687 201 6876/20 p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 40/ 8, (8 687620 68 20 6876/2 p0 p<0, (p<0,0 ( 68762 2 6876/ p<0 (p<0, p< (p<0 (p< (p

Abstract Objective: evaluate the functional performance and technical quality of the Wise Infant Development® educational software with experts. Method: methodological research that followed the software evaluation process according to the ISO/IEC 25010 and NBR ISO-IEC 14598-6 standards. The software’s functional performance was assessed by a group of nurse experts and its technical quality by information technology experts. The Content Validity Index and the Binomial test were used for statistical analysis. Results: in both expert groups, agreement was greater than 70%, indicating that the software is suitable and pertinent to what was proposed in all its evaluated characteristics: functional suitability, reliability, usability, performance efficiency, compatibility, security, maintainability, and portability. The technology received suggestions for improvement, which were accepted. Conclusion: the Wise Infant Development® software was well evaluated by the experts and could contribute to teaching about infant development, both in undergraduate nursing courses and in professional training. Objective Development Method ISOIEC ISO IEC 2501 145986 14598 6 14598- standards softwares s analysis Results groups 70 70% characteristics suitability reliability usability efficiency compatibility security maintainability portability improvement accepted Conclusion development training 250 1459 7 25 145 2 14 1

Resumo Objetivo: avaliar junto a experts o desempenho funcional e a qualidade técnica do software educativo Wise Infant Development ® . Método: pesquisa metodológica que seguiu o processo de avaliação de softwares conforme as normas ISO/IEC 25010 e NBR ISO-IEC 14598-6. O desempenho funcional do software foi avaliado por grupo de experts enfermeiros e a qualidade técnica por experts da tecnologia da informação. Para a análise estatística, empregou-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo e o teste Binomial. Resultados: em ambos os grupos de experts, a concordância foi maior que 70%, indicando que o software é adequado e pertinente ao que foi proposto em todas as suas características avaliadas: adequação funcional, confiabilidade, usabilidade, eficiência de desempenho, compatibilidade, segurança, manutenibilidade e portabilidade. A tecnologia recebeu sugestões para seu aperfeiçoamento, as quais foram aceitas. Conclusão: o software Wise Infant Development ® foi bem avaliado pelos experts, podendo contribuir para o ensino sobre desenvolvimento do lactente, tanto na graduação em enfermagem quanto nas capacitações profissionais. Objetivo Método ISOIEC ISO IEC 2501 145986. 145986 14598 6. 6 14598-6 informação estatística empregouse empregou se Binomial Resultados 70 70% avaliadas confiabilidade usabilidade compatibilidade segurança portabilidade aperfeiçoamento aceitas Conclusão lactente profissionais 250 1459 14598- 7 25 145 2 14 1

Resumen Objetivo: evaluar, junto con expertos, el desempeño funcional y la calidad técnica del software educativo Wise Infant Development ® . Método: investigación metodológica que siguió el proceso de evaluación del software según las normas ISO/IEC 25010 y NBR ISO-IEC 14598-6. El desempeño funcional del software fue evaluado por un grupo de expertos en enfermería y la calidad técnica por expertos en tecnologías de la información. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el Índice de Validez de Contenido y la prueba Binomial. Resultados: la concordancia en los dos grupos de expertos fue superior al 70%, lo que indica que el software es adecuado y relevante para lo propuesto en todas las características evaluadas: adecuación funcional, confiabilidad, usabilidad, eficiencia en el desempeño, compatibilidad, seguridad, mantenibilidad y portabilidad. Los expertos realizaron sugerencias para mejorar la tecnología y fueron aceptadas. Conclusión: el software Wise Infant Development ® fue bien evaluado por los expertos y puede contribuir a la enseñanza sobre el desarrollo del lactante, tanto en la carrera de enfermería como en la capacitación profesional. Objetivo evaluar Método ISOIEC ISO IEC 2501 145986. 145986 14598 6. 6 14598-6 información Binomial Resultados 70 70% evaluadas confiabilidad usabilidad compatibilidad seguridad portabilidad aceptadas Conclusión lactante profesional 250 1459 14598- 7 25 145 2 14 1

Abstract Tuxpan is a port with economic and industrial important activity subject to atmospheric corrosion of metal structures such as boats, ships, oil platforms, and power stations. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the atmospheric corrosion of Tuxpan Veracruz, it was necessary to install an exposition panel with carbon steel specimens, galvanized steel (zinc), and copper to evaluate them in every season by electrochemical methods (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear polarization resistance (LPR) and potentiodynamic polarization curves (CP). In addition, corrosivity indexes of atmospheric are evaluated by CLIMAT and ISO methodology. An exposition panel was installed with specimens of aluminum wire on steel screws, copper screws, and nylon screws to study corrosivity indexes through mass loss in every season of the year and thus classify the different types of atmospheres; marine, industrial, and rural-urban according to the values specified in the standard (ISO 8408, 9223, 9224). The corrosivity indexes are under the standards allowed in the regulations. However, they show the aggressiveness of the marine and industrial atmosphere due to the location and activities of the port in the northern zone. Zinc and carbon steel corrodes due to aggressive agents such as chlorides and sulfur dioxide, forming soluble oxides on the surface of the metallic substrate, while copper forms corrosion products that weakly protect its surface.

Resumen Tuxpan es un puerto con importante actividad económica e industrial, ha sido objeto del proceso de corrosión atmosférica en las estructuras metálicas como embarcaciones, botes, plataformas petroleras y Termoeléctricas. El propósito principal de este trabajo es evaluar la corrosión atmosférica de Tuxpan Veracruz, se instaló un panel de exposición con probetas de acero al carbono, acero galvanizado (zinc) y cobre para poder evaluarlas en cada estación del año por métodos electroquímicos (impedancia electroquímica espectroscopia (EIE), resistencia de polarización lineal (Rp) y curvas de polarización potenciodinámicas (CP). Además, se evalúan los índices de corrosividad de la atmósfera mediante la metodología CLIMAT e ISO. Se instaló un panel de exposición con probetas de alambre de aluminio sobre tornillos de acero, tornillos de cobre y tornillos de plástico para estudiar los índices de corrosividad por pérdida de masa en cada estación del año, y así clasificar los diferentes tipos de atmósferas: marina, industrial y rural-urbana según los valores especificados en la norma (ISO 8408, 9223, 9224). Los índices se encuentran por debajo de los estándares permitidos en la normatividad. Sin embargo, muestran la agresividad del ambiente marino e industrial producto de la ubicación y actividades del puerto en la zona norte. El zinc y el acero al carbono se corroen debido a agentes agresivos como los cloruros y el dióxido de azufre, formando óxidos solubles en la superficie del sustrato metálico, mientras que el cobre forma productos de corrosión que protegen débilmente su superficie.

Abstract. - During the cold-bending process, the tooling suffers considerable damage due to excess pressure. This also causes the machines to break down, causing problems in the precision and quality of the metal parts formed. The precision depends on the operating conditions of the press, the tooling employed, and the elastic recovery effect of the material. This study determines the working conditions for a made-in-house horizontal hydraulic press through an experimental design (DOE). This research carried out the V-forming to 90° (ISO 2768-1) of a hot-rolled carbon steel plate, considering pressure, piston permanence time, and recovery factor (Kr). The experimental and statistical analysis ensures accurate forming while the work pressure decreases by 17% and 33%, respectively, regarding the maximum. This reduction will delay the appearance of fatigue damage and have the operating parameters well established; in turn, it will be possible to design tools according to commercial standards.

Resumen. - Durante el proceso de conformado en frío, las herramientas sufren daños considerables debido al exceso de presión. Esto también causa que las máquinas se rompan, causando problemas en la precisión y calidad de las piezas metálicas formadas. La precisión depende de las condiciones de funcionamiento de la prensa, las herramientas empleadas y el efecto elástico de recuperación del material. Este estudio determina las condiciones de trabajo de una prensa hidráulica horizontal fabricado en casa a través de un diseño experimental (DOE). Esta investigación llevó a cabo el conformado en V a 90° (ISO 2768-1) de una placa de acero al carbono laminada en caliente, teniendo en cuenta la presión, el tiempo de permanencia del pistón y el factor de recuperación (Kr). El análisis experimental y estadístico asegura un conformado preciso, mientras que la presión de trabajo disminuyó en un 17% y 33%, respectivamente, con respecto al máximo. Esta reducción retrasará la aparición de daños por fatiga y tendrá los parámetros de funcionamiento bien establecidos; con estos, a su vez, será posible diseñar herramientas de acuerdo con los estándares comerciales.

Resumo A pesquisa foi conduzida na Região Huetar Norte, com o objetivo de desenvolver um modelo para avaliar a competitividade em empresas de hospedagem que possuem o Certificado de Sustentabilidade Turística (CST). Esse modelo tem como base as normas internacionais ISO 9001:2015 e ISO 14001:2015. Foi utilizada uma metodologia mista, começando pela caracterização das empresas e pela aplicação de um instrumento de avaliação. Os hotéis atendem a 84% dos requisitos normativos, mas também apontam aspectos de insatisfação: definição formal de processos, interações e controles, e a falta de autoavaliações. O modelo é passível de replicação.

Résumé La recherche a été menée dans la région de Huetar Norte, dans le but de concevoir un modèle d’évaluation de la compétitivité des entreprises hôtelières détenant le Certificat de Tourisme Durable (CST). Ce modèle est basé sur les normes internationales ISO 9001:2015 et ISO 14001:2015. Une méthodologie mixte a été utilisée, commençant par la caractérisation des entreprises et l›application d›un outil d›évaluation. Les hôtels satisfont à 84 % des exigences normatives, mais ils soulignent également des points de mécontentement : définition formelle des processus, interactions et contrôles, et absence d›autoévaluations. Le modèle est reproductible.

Abstract The research was conducted in the Huetar Norte Region, with the aim of designing a model to assess competitiveness in lodging companies holding the Certificate of Sustainable Tourism (CST). This model is based on the international standards ISO 9001:2015 and ISO 14001:2015. A mixed methodology was employed, beginning with the characterization of the companies and the application of an assessment tool. The hotels meet 84% of the normative requirements, yet they also highlight areas of dissatisfaction: formal definition of processes, interactions and controls, and the lack of self-assessments. The model is replicable.

Resumen La investigación fue desarrollada en la Región Huetar Norte, con el objetivo de diseñar un modelo para evaluar la competitividad en empresas de hospedaje que cuentan con el Certificado de Sostenibilidad Turística (CST). Dicho modelo toma como base las normas internacionales ISO 9001:2015 y la ISO 14001:2015. Se utilizó una metodología mixta que inició con la caracterización de las empresas y la aplicación de un instrumento de evaluación. Los hoteles cumplen con un 84 % de los requisitos normativos, pero también señalan aspectos de inconformidad: definición formal de procesos, interacciones y controles y la falta de autoevaluaciones. El modelo es replicable.

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of heating on the physicochemical properties and surface changes of tricalcium silicate sealers. Three tricalcium silicate root canal sealers (Bio-C Sealer, BioRoot-RCS, EndoSequence BC Sealer), and one epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus; control) were tested. The effect of heating on setting time (ST) and flowability were assessed according to ANSI/ADA 57 and ISO 6876 standards. Solubility and dimensional change (DC) of the set sealers were evaluated at 24 hours and after 30 days; the pH of the water used in the DC testing was also measured. Tests were repeated with heated sealers in an oven at 100 °C for 1 min. SEM and EDS analysis were performed. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests (α=5%). Heating decreased the ST for AH Plus and EndoSequence (p<0.05). Heating reduced flowability (p<0.05) and increased pH for AH Plus (p<0.05). The solubility of Bio-C (dried specimens) was not in accordance with the ANSI/ADA standard. The solubility of EndoSequence was significantly higher (p<0.05) when it was heated and dried after 30 days. DC of Bio-C (24 h and 30 days), BioRoot-RCS (30 days) and AH Plus (24 h and 30 days) were not in accordance with the standards. SEM and EDS analysis showed significant changes in sealer microstructure after heating. In conclusion, heating decreased the ST and increased the solubility of EndoSequence BC sealer. No significant changes in flowability, DC, and pH were identified for all three tricalcium silicate sealers after heat application. However, all sealers had significant surface changes. BioC Bio C Sealer BioRootRCS, BioRootRCS BioRoot RCS, RCS , Sealer) resinbased resin based control tested (ST ANSIADA ANSI ADA 5 687 standards (DC 2 3 days measured 10 min performed OneWay One Way posthoc post hoc α=5%. α5 α α=5% . (α=5%) p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 0 05 (p<0.05 specimens standard (2 days, (3 conclusion application However 68 α=5 (α=5% p00 p<0.0 (p<0.0 ( 6 α= (α=5 p0 p<0. (p<0. (α= p<0 (p<0 (α p< (p< (p

Resumo Este estudo avaliou o efeito do aquecimento nas propriedades físico-químicas e nas alterações superficiais de cimentos de silicato tricálcico. Três cimentos endodônticos de silicato tricálcico (Bio-C Sealer, BioRoot-RCS, EndoSequence BC Sealer) e um cimento à base de resina epóxi (AH Plus) foram testados para avaliar o efeito do aquecimento no tempo de presa (TP) e escoamento de acordo com as normas ANSI/ADA 57 e ISO 6876. A solubilidade e alteração dimensional (AD) dos cimentos foram avaliadas após 24 horas e 30 dias. O pH da água usada no teste de AD também foi medido. Os testes foram repetidos com cimentos aquecidos em um forno a 100 °C por 1 min. Análises em MEV e EDS foram realizadas. Os dados foram analisados pelos testes de ANOVA-1 via e post hoc de Tukey (α=5%). O aquecimento diminuiu o TP para AH Plus e EndoSequence (p<0,05). O aquecimento reduziu o escoamento (p<0,05) e aumentou o pH do AH Plus (p<0,05). A solubilidade do Bio-C (amostras desidratadas) não estava de acordo com o padrão ANSI/ADA. A solubilidade da EndoSequence foi significativamente maior (p<0,05) quando aquecida e desidratada após 30 dias. As AD de Bio-C (24 h e 30 dias), BioRoot-RCS (30 dias) e AH Plus (24 h e 30 dias) não estavam de acordo com as normas ADA e ISO. A análise em MEV e EDS mostrou alterações significativas na estrutura dos cimentos após aquecimento. Em conclusão, o aquecimento diminuiu o TP e aumentou a solubilidade do cimento EndoSequence BC. Não foram identificadas mudanças significativas no escoamento, AD e pH para os cimentos de silicato tricálcico após aquecimento. Porém, todos os cimentos tiveram alterações significativas na superfície. físicoquímicas físico químicas BioC Bio C Sealer BioRootRCS, BioRootRCS BioRoot RCS, RCS (TP ANSIADA ANSI 5 6876 (AD 2 3 dias medido 10 min realizadas ANOVA1 ANOVA ANOVA- α=5%. α5 α α=5% . (α=5%) p<0,05. p005 p p<0,05 0 05 (p<0,05 amostras desidratadas (2 dias, , (3 conclusão Porém superfície 687 α=5 (α=5% p00 p<0,0 (p<0,0 ( 68 α= (α=5 p0 p<0, (p<0, 6 (α= p<0 (p<0 (α p< (p< (p

RESUMEN La huella de carbono (HC) representa la sumatoria de gases de efecto invernadero emitidos por una persona, institución, programa o producto, y es la medida de uno de los impactos que provocan las actividades de la humanidad sobre el ambiente. El objetivo general de este trabajo fue estimar la HC del maíz producido en Córdoba, Argentina. El objetivo específico fue analizar la diferencia de HC a través de un manejo sitio-específico de la fertilización nitrogenada. La unidad declarada es: 1 t de grano en la puerta del campo. Los métodos utilizados siguen las normas ISO 14067 y las directrices del Panel Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático. Se utilizó información provista por la Bolsa de Cereales de Córdoba y de un ensayo a campo en Alejandro Roca, Córdoba. La HC resultó en 156,5 kg CO2 eq t-1 de maíz, promedio ponderado por departamento de la provincia de Córdoba. En el ensayo a campo, la dosis variable de N permitió reducir un 21,45% la HC, de 150,75 kg CO2 eq t-1 a 124,13 kg CO2 eq t-1. Los resultados están en un rango bajo, con respecto a la bibliografía, utilizando los mismos métodos. Una posible explicación es el bajo nivel de insumos que se aplican al cultivo, en términos comparativos, como así también la siembra directa, con menor consumo de combustible. En el ensayo, se explica por un uso más eficiente del fertilizante. the literature using the same methods. A possible explanation is the low level of inputs applied to the crop, in comparative terms, as well as the use of no-tillage which reduces fuel consumption. The lower impact observed in the field test was due to a more efficient use of fertilizer.

ABSTRACT The carbon footprint (CF) represents the sum of greenhouse gases emitted by a person, institution, project or product, and is a measure of one of the impacts on the environment caused by human activities. The general objective of this research was to estimate the CF of corn produced in Córdoba, Argentina. The specific objective was to analyze the difference in CF by using Precision Agriculture. The declared unit is 1 t of grain at the farmgate. The methods used follow the ISO 14067 standards and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guidelines. The information was obtained from the Córdoba Grain Exchange and from a field trial in Alejandro Roca, Córdoba. The CF resulted in 156.5 kg CO2 eq t-1 of corn, weighted average per department of the province of Córdoba. In the field trial, N variable rate allowed the CF to be reduced by 21.45%, from 150.75 kg CO2 eq t-1 to 124.13 kg CO2 eq t-1. The results are below the average reported in

Resumen En esta investigación se estudió la afectación del ambiente sobre la corrosión del acero al bajo carbono, en una región tropical de la zona central de Costa Rica, con el objetivo de establecer la variación de la velocidad de corrosión en función del ángulo de exposición. Para tal fin se colocaron probetas a diferentes ángulos (0°,30°,45°,60° y 90°), en tres estaciones a lo largo del Valle Central; asimismo se midieron los parámetros medioambientes como humedad, tiempo de humectación, temperatura y la presencia de contaminantes atmosféricos, como los sulfatos y los cloruros. Como principales resultados se determinó que el acero presentó un aumento lineal de la corrosión con la disminución del ángulo con respecto a la horizontal, así mismo la corrosión es uniforme en ángulos menores a 60 grados, presentando corrosión parcial en ángulos elevados, en especial para caras protegidas. La corrosividad se ubica en un nivel urbano leve tipo C2, según la normativa ISO.

Abstract In this research, the effect of the environment in a tropical region of central Costa Rica on the corrosion of low carbon steel was studied, with the objective of establishing the variation of the corrosion rate as a function of the exposure angle. For this purpose, specimens were placed at different angles (0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°) in three stations along the Central Valley; environmental parameters such as humidity, wetting time, temperature and the presence of atmospheric pollutants, such as sulfates and chlorides, were also measured. As main results it was determined that the steel presented a linear increase of corrosion with the decrease of the angle with respect to the horizontal, likewise the corrosion is uniform in angles less than 60 degrees, presenting partial corrosion in high angles, especially for protected faces. Corrosivity is at a mild urban level, type C2, according to ISO standards.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity and bioactivity of a ready-to-use bioceramic material, Bio-C Repair (Angelus), in comparison with White MTA (Angelus) and Biodentine (Septodont). The physicochemical properties of setting time, radiopacity, pH, solubility, dimensional and volumetric changes were evaluated. Biocompatibility and bioactivity were assessed in Saos-2 osteoblast cell cultures by the MTT assay 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), Neutral Red (NR), Alizarin Red (ARS), and cell migration tests. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA, Tukey or Bonferroni tests (α = 0.05). Bio-C Repair had the longest setting time (p < 0.05), but radiopacity and solubility were accordance with the ISO 6876/2012 standards, besides linear expansion. Bio-C Repair and MTA had similar volumetric change (p > 0.05); lower than Biodentine (p < 0.05). All the materials evaluated had an alkaline pH. Bio-C Repair was cytocompatible and promoted mineralized nodule deposition in 21 days and cell migration in 3 days. In conclusion, Bio-C Repair had adequate radiopacity above 3mm Al, solubility less than 3%, dimensional expansion, and low volumetric change. In addition, Bio-C Repair promoted an alkaline pH and presented bioactivity and biocompatibility similar to MTA and Biodentine, showing potential for use as a repair material. readytouse ready material BioC Bio C Angelus, Angelus , (Angelus Septodont. Septodont . (Septodont) Saos2 Saos 2 Saos- 34,5Dimethylthiazol2yl2,5diphenyltetrazolium 345Dimethylthiazol2yl25diphenyltetrazolium Dimethylthiazolyldiphenyltetrazolium 4,5 Dimethylthiazol yl 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium 4 5 bromide, bromide bromide) NR, NR (NR) ARS, ARS (ARS) ANOVA α 0.05. 005 0.05 0 05 0.05) p 0.05, 68762012 6876 2012 6876/201 standards expansion conclusion mm Al 3% addition (Septodont 34 5Dimethylthiazol2yl2 5diphenyltetrazolium 45 4, 25 2, (NR (ARS 00 0.0 6876201 687 201 6876/20 Dimethylthiazolyl 5Dimethylthiazol2yl 0. 687620 68 20 6876/2 68762 6 6876/

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as propriedades físico-químicas, citotoxicidade e bioatividade de um novo material biocerâmico pronto para uso, Bio-C Repair (Angelus), em comparação com MTA Branco (Angelus) e Biodentine (Septodont). Foram avaliadas as propriedades físico-químicas de tempo de presa, radiopacidade, pH, solubilidade, alterações dimensionais e volumétricas. A biocompatibilidade, bioatividade e capacidade de reparo foram avaliadas em culturas de células de osteoblastos Saos-2 pelo ensaio MTT brometo de 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazólio), vermelho neutro (NR), vermelho de alizarina ( ARS) e testes de migração celular. A análise estatística foi realizada pelos testes ANOVA, Tukey ou Bonferroni (α = 0,05). Bio-C Repair apresentou o maior tempo de presa (p < 0,05), mas radiopacidade e solubilidade de acordo com as normas ISO 6876/2012, além de expansão linear. Bio-C Repair e MTA tiveram variação volumétrica semelhante (p > 0,05), menor que Biodentine (p < 0,05). Todos os materiais avaliados apresentaram pH alcalino. Bio-C Repair foi citocompatível, além de promover deposição de nódulos mineralizados em 21 dias e migração celular em 3 dias. Em conclusão, o Bio-C Repair apresentou radiopacidade adequada acima de 3mmAl, solubilidade menor que 3%, expansão dimensional e baixa perda volumétrica.. Além disso, o Bio-C Repair promoveu um pH alcalino e apresentou bioatividade e biocompatibilidade semelhantes ao MTA e Biodentine, mostrando potencial para uso como material reparador físicoquímicas, físicoquímicas físico químicas, químicas BioC Bio C Angelus, Angelus , (Angelus Septodont. Septodont . (Septodont) volumétricas Saos2 Saos 2 Saos- 34,5dimetiltiazol2il2,5difeniltetrazólio, 345dimetiltiazol2il25difeniltetrazólio dimetiltiazolildifeniltetrazólio 4,5 dimetiltiazol il 2,5 difeniltetrazólio 4 5 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazólio) NR, NR (NR) ARS ANOVA α 0,05. 005 0,05 0 05 0,05) p 0,05, 68762012 6876 2012 6876/2012 linear citocompatível conclusão 3mmAl mmAl 3% volumétrica. disso (Septodont 34 5dimetiltiazol2il2 5difeniltetrazólio 34,5dimetiltiazol2il2,5difeniltetrazólio 45 4, 25 2, 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazólio (NR 00 0,0 6876201 687 201 6876/201 dimetiltiazolil 5dimetiltiazol2il 0, 687620 68 20 6876/20 68762 6 6876/2 6876/

ABSTRACT The urine bag is a thermo-labile medical-hospital device used in clinical/surgical procedures in urine drainage and collection. As it is a thermolabile material, it is commonly sterilized by ethylene oxide, a highly toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic cyclic ether gas. Currently, several countries require, through documents and standards, the quantification of ethylene oxide in medical and hospital devices. Thus, this work describes the development and validation of a method employed for the quantification of ethylene oxide (ETO) in urine bags. The method was developed based on the guidelines of ISO 10993-7, ANVISA and INMETRO. The work range, linearity, limits of detection and quantification, repeatability, intermediate precision and selectivity were evaluated. Statistical tools such as Levene's test, Grubbs, residual analysis, F-test of two variances, paired sample T test and ANOVA table, were also applied to evaluate the method. The linearity of the work range (10 – 400 mg.L-1) showed an adequate correlation coefficient (r > 0.9993), with a homoscedastic profile with absence of outliers while the limit of detection and quantification were 1,95 and 6,5 mg.L-1 respectively. After validation, 45 samples of urine bags of different batches were evaluated, which demonstrated levels of ETO below the limit of detection (1,95 mg.L-1). The results highlight a simple method that meets several regulations with a wide working range, high sensitivity and capability to quantify ETO not only in urine bags but also in other medical devices. thermo labile medicalhospital clinicalsurgical clinical surgical collection material toxic gas Currently require standards devices Thus (ETO 109937, 109937 10993 7, 7 10993-7 INMETRO repeatability evaluated Levenes Levene s Grubbs analysis Ftest F variances table 10 (1 40 mg.L1 mgL1 mgL mg.L 1 mg L r 0.9993, 09993 0.9993 , 0 9993 0.9993) 195 95 1,9 65 6 5 6, mg.L- respectively 4 (1,9 mg.L1. . 1099 10993- ( L1 0999 0.999 999 19 9 1, (1, 109 099 0.99 99 09 0.9 0.

ABSTRACT This study targets six North Asia and African hospitals that provide clinical treatment, diagnostic, and consultation services. The study revealed a lack in the selected hospitals’ infrastructure to support implementation successfully Environmental Management Systems (EMS). A factor analysis was performed based on five factors; EMS efficiency, the hospital’s culture, support from top management, legislation, and time and budget controls. Out of 23 sub-factors tested, it has been found that 7 of them can control the differentiation of the factors. The results highlight human errors in chemical and medical materials that lead to environmental pollution. It was followed by a sub-factor that indicated that controls of hospital activities and correction of its performance depend on the feedback received from the environmental information system. The study’s main conclusion is that recovering green hospital systems depends on successfully carrying out the ISO 14001: 2015 standard. treatment diagnostic services EMS. . (EMS) factors efficiency s culture management legislation 2 subfactors sub tested pollution subfactor system studys 14001 201 standard (EMS 1400 20 140 14 1

Abstract Introduction Repair materials must have low solubility. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) allows simulating clinical condition and interaction with dentin may be important for the correct evaluate of mass loss of bioceramic cements. Objective To evaluate the effect of distilled water (DW), or PBS immersion on the solubility of Bio-C Repair (BCR, Angelus) or MTA Repair HP (MTAHP, Angelus) using a dentin tube model. Material and method Bovine dentin tubes with a length of 4 mm, an internal diameter of 1.5 mm and walls thickness of approximately 1 mm were made. The specimens were immersed in DW for 24h, then filled with BCR or MTAHP (n = 14) and stored in an oven at 37°C and 95% humidity for 24h. After being weighed on a precision balance to determine the initial mass, the specimens were immersed in DW (pH 6.5) or PBS (pH 7.0) (n = 7) for 28 days. Empty tubes also were used for calculating the mass loss of the dentin (n=4). After this period, the specimens were weighed until stabilization of the final mass occurred (0.001g). The solubility of each material was evaluated. ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests were performed (α=0.05). Result BCR and MTAHP showing gain of mass in DW and mass loss in PBS (p<0.05). Conclusion The immersion solution influenced the solubility of BCR and MTAHP using dentin tube model. The new methodological proposal could be an alternative to ISO standards for testing the solubility of bioceramic cements. (PBS cements DW, , (DW) BioC Bio C BCR, (BCR Angelus MTAHP, (MTAHP model 15 5 1. made 24h h n 14 37C 37 95 pH 6.5 65 6 7.0 70 7 0 2 days n=4. n4 n=4 . (n=4) period 0.001g. 0001g g 0.001g 001g (0.001g) evaluated α=0.05. α005 α α=0.05 05 (α=0.05) p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 (p<0.05) (DW 3 9 6. 7. n= (n=4 (0.001g α00 α=0.0 (α=0.05 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 (n= α0 α=0. (α=0.0 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 α=0 (α=0. p<0 (p<0. α= (α=0 p< (p<0 (α= (p< (α (p

Resumo Introdução Materiais reparadores devem apresentar baixa solubilidade. Solução salina tamponada com fosfato (PBS) permite simular condição clínica e interação com dentina pode ser importante para correta avaliação da perda de massa de cimentos biocerâmicos. Objetivo Avaliou o efeito da imersão em água destilada (AD) ou PBS na solubilidade de Bio-C Repair (BCR, Angelus) ou MTA Repair HP (MTAHP, Angelus) usando modelo de tubo de dentina. Material e método Tubos de dentina bovina foram confeccionados com 4 mm de comprimento, 1,5 mm de diâmetro interno e 1 mm aproximadamente de espessura de parede. Os espécimes foram imersos em AD por 24h, posteriormente preenchidos com BCR ou MTAHP (n = 14) e armazenados em estufa a 37°C e umidade 95% por 24h. Após serem pesados em balança de precisão para determinação da massa inicial, os corpos de prova foram imersos em AD (pH 6,5) ou PBS (pH 7,0) (n = 7) por 28 dias. Tubos vazios também foram utilizados para o cálculo de perda de massa da dentina (n=4). Após esse período, os espécimes foram pesados até a estabilização da massa final (0,001g). A solubilidade de cada material foi avaliada. Testes estatísticos ANOVA e Tukey foram realizados (α=0,05). Resultado BCR e MTAHP apresentaram ganho de massa em AD e perda de massa em PBS (p<0,05). Conclusão A solução de imersão influencia a solubilidade de BCR e MTAHP usando modelo de tubo de dentina. Nova proposta metodológica poderá ser uma alternativa às normas ISO para testar a solubilidade de cimentos biocerâmicos. (PBS biocerâmicos (AD BioC Bio C BCR, (BCR Angelus MTAHP, (MTAHP comprimento 15 5 1, parede 24h h n 14 37C 37 95 inicial pH 6,5 65 6 7,0 70 7 0 2 dias n=4. n4 n=4 . (n=4) período 0,001g. 0001g g 0,001g 001g (0,001g) avaliada α=0,05. α005 α α=0,05 05 (α=0,05) p<0,05. p005 p p<0,05 (p<0,05) 3 9 6, 7, n= (n=4 (0,001g α00 α=0,0 (α=0,05 p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 (n= α0 α=0, (α=0,0 p0 p<0, (p<0,0 α=0 (α=0, p<0 (p<0, α= (α=0 p< (p<0 (α= (p< (α (p