Resumen Introducción: La creación de espacios naturales protegidos en entornos urbanos desempeñan un papel esencial, proporcionando reservorios de vegetación autóctona y refugios de fauna endémica. Sin embargo, es escaso el conocimiento sobre cómo la gestión del suelo y el diseño del paisaje influye en las diferentes estructuras comunitarias de parques urbanos. Objetivo: Analizar a través de comunidades de hormigas la influencia de la urbanización en un área natural protegida en zona urbana. Métodos: De abril a julio de 2022, en transectos de 100 m se colocaron trampas de cebo y Pitfall, se registró la presencia de especies de hormigas del Parque Estatal “El Refugio” (PER), Tamaulipas, México. La diversidad Alfa se evaluó mediante números de Hill y la diversidad Beta con el índice de Jaccard. Se identificaron especies indicadoras con el Valor Indicador (IndVal). Se realizó un análisis de correspondencia múltiple asociando la presencia de especies con variables ambientales y tipos de vegetación. Se realizó una tabla de contingencia para relacionar la presencia de hormigas con el tamaño de cobertura vegetal. Resultados: En total, se capturaron 18 565 individuos (cinco subfamilias, 22 géneros y 29 especies). La riqueza y diversidad de especies disminuyó en sitios con baja cobertura vegetal, como en matorral espinoso tamaulipeco; la vegetación secundaria conservó mayor riqueza de especies. Áreas de vegetación secundaria y pastizal registraron especies indicadoras, principalmente especies generalistas y tolerantes a las altas temperaturas como Forelius mccooki y Tetramorium spinosum. La presencia de especies está asociada con la temperatura, humedad y cobertura vegetal. Se evidenció una relación entre presencia de especies de hormigas y tamaño de cobertura vegetal. Conclusiones: La estructura y composición de las comunidades de hormigas varía de acuerdo con la estructura vegetal, principalmente en áreas que han sufrido mayor daño antropogénico. La conservación de los paisajes y el monitoreo de estas áreas, deben ser considerados en futuras investigaciones.

Abstract Introduction: The creation of protected natural areas within urban environments has played an essential role in providing small reservoirs of native vegetation and refuges for endemic species. However, knowledge of how land management and landscape design can influence the different community structures of urban parks is scarce. Objective: To analyze, through ant communities, the influence of urbanization in a protected natural area (PNA) located in an urban zone. Methods: From April to July 2022, using bait traps and pitfall traps along 100 m transects, the presence of ant species was recorded in the El Refugio State Park Natural Area in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Alpha diversity was assessed using Hill numbers, while beta diversity was evaluated using the Jaccard index. Additionally, indicator species were identified through the indicator value (IndVal). Multiple correspondence analysis was conducted to associate the presence of species with environmental variables and vegetation types, and contingency tables were created to relate ant presence to vegetation cover size. Results: In total 18 565 individuals were captured (five subfamilies, 22 genera, and 29 species). Species richness and diversity decreased in sites with low vegetation cover, such as in Tamaulipan thornscrub; secondary vegetation retained greater species richness. Indicator species found in secondary vegetation and grassland areas were mainly composed of species that tolerate high temperatures and generalists such as Forelius mccooki and Tetramorium spinosum. The presence of these species is primarily associated with temperature, humidity, and vegetation cover. A relationship between the presence of ant species and vegetation cover size was evident. Conclusion: The structure and composition of ant communities vary according to the type of vegetation structure, particularly in areas that have undergone greater anthropogenic damage. Therefore, the conservation of landscapes, as well as monitoring of these areas, should be considered in future research.

Resumen Introducción. El cafeto es un rubro de gran importancia a nivel mundial, al tener un impacto directo en la economía de los países. En Nicaragua representa el 25 % de las exportaciones. El agroecosistema de producción de cafeto está conformado por componentes que se encuentran por encima y debajo de la superficie del suelo. Objetivo. Estimar las poblaciones de macrofauna edáfica en agroecosistemas productivos de cafeto y su relación con la fertilidad del suelo y las prácticas de manejo. Materiales y métodos. La investigación se realizó de mayo a agosto de 2023, en catorce sistemas productivos de cafeto, en la reserva natural Tepec-Xomolth La Patasta. Se realizaron monolitos de 25 × 25 × 20 cm extraídos del suelo; en cada sistema se trazaron tres transectos, separados a 50 m; los especímenes colectados se identificaron hasta nivel de familia. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva, modelos lineales generalizados, pruebas de hipótesis e índices de diversidad. Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticas significativas (p < 0,5) para las comunidades rurales y las prácticas de manejo. La fertilidad del suelo varió de acuerdo con la altitud de las fincas. La macrofauna fue abundante en la comunidad Nueva Esperanza (20 672 individuos) y en el manejo de sombra (23 632 individuos). Se encontraron quince órdenes y 38 familias. Predominaron la clase Insecta y el grupo trófico de depredadores. La diversidad es alta y estable, resultado del manejo que realiza el productor. Conclusiones. La riqueza taxonómica y la abundancia de la macrofauna fueron similares en los sistemas evaluados, en específico los órdenes Haplotaxida, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera e Isopoda, donde sobresalen los detritívoros, omnívoros y depredadores. Se evidenció que el manejo del cultivo tiene un efecto directo en la diversidad edáfica; esto indica que los suelos son poco perturbados y existe un equilibrio ecológico.

Abstract Introduction. The coffee plant is an item of great importance worldwide, as it has a direct impact on the economy of the countries. In Nicaragua, it represents 25 % of exports. The coffee plant production agroecosystem is made up of components that are found above and below the soil surface. Objective. To estimate the populations of soil macrofauna in productive coffee plantation agroecosystems and their relationship with soil fertility and management practices. Materials and methods. The research was carried out from May to August 2023 in fourteen coffee plantation production systems in the Tepec-Xomolth La Patasta nature reserve. Soil monoliths measuring 25 × 25 × 20 cm were extracted, and three transects were established in each system, separated by 50 m. Specimens collected were identified at the family level. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, generalized linear models, hypothesis tests, and diversity indices. Results. Significant statistical differences (p<0.5) were found for rural communities and practices. Soil fertility varied according to the altitude of the farms, with abundant macrofauna in the Nueva Esperanza community (20,672 individuals) and shade management (23,632 individuals). Fifteen orders and 38 families were identified, with the insect class and the trophic group of predators predominating. Diversity was high and stable, a result of the management practices employed by the producers. Conclusions. Taxonomic richness and abundance of macrofauna were similar in the evaluated systems, specifically in the orders Haplotaxida, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Isopoda, where detritivores, omnivores and predators stand out. The study revealed that crop management directly affects soil diversity, indicating that the soils are minimally disturbed and there is ecological balance.

Resumen Se presenta el primer registro de la abeja de la calabaza y el zapallo en el Perú Eucera (Peponapis) fervens (Smith 1879) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), encontrada en los departamentos de Apurímac, Ayacucho, Cusco y Piura polinizando las especies de Cucurbita máxima Duchesne in Lam., C. ficifolia Bouche y C. pepo L. Además, también se reporta la presencia de Eucera (Peponapis) citrullina en los departamentos de Huancavelica, Ica, Lambayeque y Lima, la misma que fue previamente reportada en las regiones de Lima y Piura.

Abstract The first record of the squash and pumpkin bee, Eucera (Peponapis) fervens (Smith 1879) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), is presented for Peru. This species was found in the departments of Apurímac, Ayacucho, Cusco, and Piura, pollinating Cucurbita maxima Duchesne in Lam., C. ficifolia Bouche, and C. pepo L. Additionally, the presence of Eucera (Peponapis) citrullina is reported in the departments of Huancavelica, Ica, Lambayeque, and Lima. This species had previously been recorded in the regions of Lima and Piura.

Abstract In Brazil, there are records of bird species from the Tyrannidae family that nest in association with social wasps, but there is no information about this interspecific relationship for the genus Phylloscartes. Therefore, this study records the occurrence of nesting by Phylloscartes sp. (Passeriformes) near a colony of the social wasp Polybia paulista in southeastern Brazil. The supposed reasons behind this possible interaction are discussed.

Resumen En Brasil, existen registros de especies de aves de la familia Tyrannidae que anidan en asociación con avispas sociales, pero no hay información sobre esta relación interespecífica para el género Phylloscartes. Por lo tanto, este estudio registra la presencia de anidación de Phylloscartes sp. (Passeriformes) cerca de una colonia de la avispa social Polybia paulista en el sureste de Brasil. Se discuten las supuestas razones detrás de esta posible interacción.

Abstract We report a new ant species of the genus Eurhopalothrix Brown & Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Attini), attributed to the bruchi group, which we named Eurhopalothrix oxente sp. nov. We found the new species in the leaf litter of a riparian forest fragment in the hydrographic Sub-middle region of the São Francisco River in Petrolina, State of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. This region is included in the Caatinga Domain, a region with poorly known biodiversity, especially of ants. In addition to the description of the new species, we provide an identification key for the two groups present in South America and for the species of the bruchi group. New data on the taxonomy of the bruchi group are also presented.

Resumen Se reporta una nueva especie de hormiga del género Eurhopalothrix Brown y Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Attini), atribuida al grupo bruchi, denominada Eurhopalothrix oxente sp. nov. La nueva especie se encontró en la hojarasca de un fragmento de bosque ribereño en la región hidrográfica del Submedio São Francisco, en Petrolina, Estado de Pernambuco, nordeste de Brasil. Esta región está incluida en el Dominio de la Caatinga, una región con una biodiversidad poco conocida, especialmente de hormigas. Además de la descripción de la nueva especie, se proporciona una clave de identificación para los dos grupos presentes en Sudamérica y para las especies del grupo bruchi. También se presentan nuevos datos sobre la taxonomía del grupo bruchi.

Resumen Antecedentes: La picadura de himenópteros puede producir reacciones mediadas por IgE, reacciones tóxicas o reacciones atípicas poco frecuentes. Dentro de las manifestaciones cutáneas por reacciones atípicas se incluye urticaria por frío, y sólo existe un informe de caso de urticaria crónica. Reporte de caso: Paciente femenina de 56 años, quien 60 minutos después de recibir dos picaduras de véspidos manifestó prurito palmoplantar y urticaria generalizada, precisando asistencia sanitaria y varios ciclos de tratamiento domiciliario con antihistamínicos y corticosteroides por vía oral, con curación completa luego de 12 semanas. El estudio alergológico reportó: concentración de triptasa normal y sensibilización primaria al veneno de Polistes dominula. Debido a la profesión de la paciente se inició inmunoterapia con veneno de Polistes dominula al 100%, sin recurrencia de la urticaria después de la administración. Conclusión: El caso aquí expuesto combina una reacción sistémica mediada por IgE seguida de urticaria crónica, de curso autolimitado, cronológicamente relacionada con el mismo desencadenante (picadura de véspidos).

Abstract Background: Hymenoptera stings can produce IgE-mediated reactions, toxic reactions, or atypical reactions, which are rare. Cold urticaria has been described among the cutaneous manifestations in the atypical ones, but there is only one case of chronic urticaria. Case report: A 56-year-old female patient experienced palmoplantar pruritus and generalized urticaria 60 minutes after two vespid stings, requiring medical assistance and several cycles of home treatment with oral antihistamines and corticosteroids for resolution in 12 weeks. Allergological studies showed normal tryptase and primary sensitization to Polistes dominula venom. Given the patient's profession, venom immunotherapy was started with Polistes dominula 100% without recurrence of urticaria after its administration. Conclusion: We present a case of IgE-mediated systemic reaction followed by self-limited chronic urticaria, related chronologically to the same vespid sting trigger.

Resumen Se revisan las especies anteriormente incluidas en el grupo de especies de Pertyella camposseabrai. Las siguientes dos especies se transfieren del género Mutilla a Pertyella: P. angulosa (Burmeister, 1854) combinación nueva y P. carinigena (Cresson, 1902) combinación nueva. Se proponen las siguientes sinonimias nuevas: P. mayri (Kohl, 1882); P. paulista Casal, 1964; P. viuva Casal, 1964; P. itinga Casal, 1964; P. camposseabrai Casal, 1964; P. uzai Fritz, 1990 y P. diasi Fritz, 1990 son jr. sinónimos de P. angulosa; P. lenti Casal, 1964 es un jr. sinónimo de P. carinigena; P. aguaz Fritz, 1990 es un jr. sinónimo de P. cordoi Fritz, 1990. Se describe una especie nueva en este grupo, Pertyella quirosae sp. nov.. La mayoría de los caracteres que se usaban anteriormente para definir este grupo de especies no son consistentes o exclusivos del grupo. En virtud de que se cambiaron las características de diagnóstico y las especies componentes de este grupo de especies, y debido a que en este momento se dispone de un nombre más antiguo, ahora se denomina especies del grupo P. angulosa. Las hembras de este grupo pueden ser reconocidas por tener el mesosoma con franjas laterales de densas setas plateadas o blanquecinas. Se proporciona una clave para las especies del grupo P. angulosa y nuevos registros de distribución.

Abstract The species formerly included in the Pertyella camposseabrai species-group are reviewed. The following two species are transferred from the genus Mutilla to Pertyella: P. angulosa (Burmeister, 1854) new combination, and P. carinigena (Cresson, 1902) new combination. The following new synonymies are proposed: P. mayri (Kohl, 1882); P. paulista Casal, 1964; P. viuva Casal, 1964; P. itinga Casal, 1964; P. camposseabrai Casal, 1964; P. uzai Fritz, 1990 and P. diasi Fritz, 1990 are jr. synonyms of P. angulosa; P. lenti Casal, 1964 is a jr. synonym of P. carinigena; P. aguaz Fritz, 1990 is a jr. synonym of P. cordoi Fritz, 1990. A new species in this group, Pertyella quirosae sp. nov., is described. Most characters that were formerly used to define this species-group are not consistent or exclusive to the group. Because the diagnostic features and component species in this species-group were changed, and because an older name is now available, this group of species is now called the P. angulosa species-group. Females of this group can be recognized by having the mesosoma with lateral stripes of dense silvery or whitish setae. A key to the species of the P. angulosa species-group and new distribution records are provided.

Abstract Social wasps play a crucial role in ecosystems by actively foraging and preying on lepidopterans caterpillars, an important group of insects known to damage various structures of cultivated plants. However, there is a discussion about the potential damage that these wasps can cause to the fruits of some commercial species. In this research, cases of damage caused by Polybia dimidiata (Olivier), Polybia liliacea (Fabricius), Synoeca surinama (Linnaeus), and Synoeca virginea (Fabricius) to fruits of three different fruit species: guava, carambola, and murici, are recorded while they are still attached to the stem. These events occurred in the municipalities of Itacoatiara and Uarini, both located in the state of Amazonas, northern Brazil. These observations were made in the months of January 2013, December 2022, January, and February 2023. Due to their high infestation and vigorous foraging activities, it is speculated we posit that these wasp species could reach pest status, affecting the fruit harvests by stinging workers and damaging the fruits until made for marketing. However, it is crucial to emphasize that more comprehensive studies are needed to determine whether the damage caused by these vespids really represents a threat to small farmers.

Resumen Las avispas sociales desempeñan un papel fundamental en los ecosistemas al buscar alimento y cazar activamente larvas de lepidópteros, un grupo importante de insectos conocidos por dañar diversas estructuras de las plantas cultivadas. Sin embargo, existe una discusión sobre el daño potencial que estas avispas pueden ocasionar a los frutos de algunas especies comerciales. En esta investigación se registran casos de daños producidos por Polybia dimidiata (Olivier), Polybia liliacea (Fabricius), Synoeca surinama (Linnaeus) y Synoeca virginea (Fabricius) a frutas de tres diferentes especies frutales: guayaba, carambola y murici, mientras aún están unidas al tallo. Estos acontecimentos ocurrieron en los municipios de Itacoatiara y Uarini, ambos ubicados en el estado de Amazonas, al norte de Brasil. Las observaciones se realizaron en los meses de enero de 2013, diciembre de 2022, enero y febrero de 2023. Por su alta infestación y vigorosas actividades de búsqueda de alimento, se especula que estas especies de avispas podrían alcanzar el estatus de plaga, afectando las cosechas de frutas al picar a los trabajadores y dañar los frutos hasta hacerlos inadecuadas para su comercialización. Sin embargo, es crucial enfatizar que se necesitan estudios más exhaustivos para determinar si el daño causado por estos véspidos realmente representa una amenaza para los pequeños agricultores.

Abstract In Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera), many species build shelters during their ontogeny which may be serve as a scape strategy to reduce attacks from natural enemies and dislodgment from the host plant. This paper provides bioecological information regarding host plant, natural parasitism, and distribution of Cynea (Cynea) diluta (Herrich-Schäffer) (Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae) collected near remnants of the Atlantic Forest "Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco" (CEPE), Northeast Region of Brazil. Larvae and pupae, the later showing signs of parasitism, were collected from a garden at the Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, State of Alagoas, Brazil. They were brought to the laboratory to record emergences and possible parasitoids. Data from distribution were obtained from labels of hesperiid deposited from the Coleção Entomológica Padre Jesus Santiago Moure, Curitiba, State of Paraná. The host plant was identified as Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum. (Zingiberaceae). From the 13 larvae and two pupae collected in the environment, 20 specimens of Brachymeria sp. (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) emerged from the pupae. This is the first report of parasitism on pupae of Cynea (C.) diluta.

Resumen En Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera), muchas especies construyen refugios durante su ontogenia que pueden servir como estrategia de escape para reducir los ataques de enemigos naturales y el desprendimiento de la planta huésped. Este artículo proporciona información bioecológica sobre la planta huésped, el parasitismo natural y la distribución de Cynea (Cynea) diluta (Herrich-Schäffer) (Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae) recolectada cerca de remanentes del Bosque Atlántico "Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco" (CEPE), región noreste de Brasil. Las larvas y pupas; estas últimas mostrando signos de parasitismo se recolectaron de un jardín de la Universidad Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Estado de Alagoas, Brasil. Estas fueron llevadas al laboratorio para registrar emergencias y posibles parasitoides. Los datos de distribución se obtuvieron de etiquetas de hespéridos depositados en la Coleção Entomológica Padre Jesus Santiago Moure, Curitiba, Estado de Paraná. La planta huésped fue identificada como Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum. (Zingiberáceas). De las 13 larvas y dos pupas recolectadas en el ambiente, se identificaron 20 ejemplares de Brachymeria sp. (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) que emergieron de las pupas. Este es el primer registro de parasitismo en pupas de Cynea (C.) diluta.

Resumen Se informa sobre nuevas asociaciones entre el parasitoide Habrobracon hebetor (Say) y dos géneros de coleópteros plaga de postcosecha en frutos descascarados de Juglans regia L, Carpophilus Stephens (Nitidulidae) y Oryzaephilus Ganglbauer (Silvanidae) en la provincia de La Rioja. Además, se registró este parasitoide a partir de larvas de Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Se amplía la distribución de H. hebetor para la provincia de La Rioja. Se proporcionan datos sobre porcentajes de parasitoidismo.

Abstract New associations are reported between the parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor (Say) and two genera of postharvest pest coleopters on shelled fruits of Juglans regia L, Carpophilus Stephens (Nitidulidae) and Oryzaephilus Ganglbauer (Silvanidae) in the province of La Rioja. Furthermore, this parasitoid was recorded from larvae of Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The distribution of H. hebetor is expanded to the province of La Rioja. Data on percentages of parasitoidism are provided.

Resumen Esta investigación identifica a la minería como una posible amenaza para Liometopum apiculatum Mayr, 1870 en el Altiplano Potosino a través de la evaluación de la contaminación por elementos potencialmente tóxicos en una zona minera de mercurio y el diseño de cartografía sobre el área de distribución de este insecto comestible y sitios mineros potencialmente contaminados. La evaluación de la contaminación en la zona minera consistió en la cuantificación de arsénico y mercurio en residuos mineros, suelo, hormigueros y hormigas obreras de la zona minera y un sitio de referencia mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica; la zona minera presentó niveles más altos de ambos tóxicos en todos los componentes evaluados. La cartografía reveló que la mayoría de los sitios mineros potencialmente contaminados se localizan dentro de las áreas de alta probabilidad de distribución de L. apiculatum en el Altiplano Potosino.

Abstract This research identifies mining as a possible threat to Liometopumapiculatum Mayr, 1870 in the Altiplano Potosino thought the pollution assessment of potentially toxic elements in a mercury mining zone and the design of cartography about the distribution of this edible insect and potentially polluted mining sites. Pollution assessment in the mining zone consisted in the arsenic and mercury quantification in mining waste, soil, anthills, and worker ants from the mining zone and a reference site by atomic absorption spectrophotometry; the mining zone showed higher levels of both toxicants in all assessed components. The cartography revealed that most potentially polluted mining sites are located within the areas with the highest probability of distribution of L. apiculatum in the Altiplano Potosino.

ABSTRACT Here we present melanic forms of ants belonging to the light-colored Neotropical species Heteroponera dolo (Ectatomminae) and Prionopelta punctulata (Amblyoponinae). We also discuss the intraspecific variation regarding body color for both species and provide the dominant colors for the light and dark forms based on the amount of red, blue and green tones generated from the HEX code. lightcolored colored Ectatomminae (Ectatomminae Amblyoponinae. Amblyoponinae . (Amblyoponinae) red code (Amblyoponinae

ABSTRACT. Cotesia flavipes parasitizes Diatraea saccharalis, a pest that causes major losses to sugarcane production. The mass production of C. flavipes and its subsequent release onto sugarcane is one form of biological control of D. saccharalis. An essential factor for successfully fighting this pest is the development of host diets that can increase the efficiency of C. flavipes production. Palm oil contains saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated linoleic acid. However, little is known about the effects of palm oil on C. flavipes production in the laboratory. Different concentrations of palm oil were added to the D. saccharalis diet and its nutritional indices were analyzed. Subsequently, the production and sex ratio of C. flavipes were determined. Our results indicated that the addition of higher palm oil concentrations to an artificial diet generated a high relative consumption rate (RCR) in D. saccharalis, and consequently a high relative metabolic rate (RMR), which resulted in a lower production of the parasitoid. In contrast, the lowest palm oil concentration in the artificial diet generated a low RMR and resulted in high-efficiency conversion of ingested food (ECI), enabling D. saccharalis to yield more C. flavipes. This suggests that palm oil influences the quantity of D. saccharalis ingested, which determines the number of C. flavipes that will be generated. In this study, supplementation of a D. saccharalis diet with 0.25% palm oil increased the production of C. flavipes. Therefore, this level of palm oil supplementation can aid in the production of C. flavipes on a laboratory-scale. Further research, including increasing the number of parasitoids, must be performed to mass-produce the augmentative releases of C. flavipes to manage D. saccharalis. ABSTRACT C D acids acid However laboratory analyzed Subsequently determined RCR (RCR RMR, , (RMR) parasitoid contrast highefficiency ECI, ECI (ECI) study 025 0 25 0.25 Therefore laboratoryscale. laboratoryscale scale. scale laboratory-scale research parasitoids massproduce produce (RMR (ECI 02 2 0.2 0.

RESUMO Populações de percevejos Piezodorus guildinii e Dichelops furcatus são naturalmente reguladas por predadores e parasitoides de ovos. No entanto, esses inimigos naturais podem ser afetados pela aplicação de inseticidas não seletivos comumente utilizados no controle químico dos percevejos. Objetivou-se avaliar a toxicidade de dinotefurano em predadores e parasitoides de ovos associados a populações de P. guildinii e D. furcatus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) em condições de campo. Predadores e parasitoides de ovos foram registrados semanalmente de V2 a R7, em parcelas de soja tratadas e não tratadas com dinotefurano. Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) estava presente em 100 % das massas de ovos parasitados em ambas as espécies de percevejos e tratamentos. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na proporção de parasitismo e na razão sexual entre os tratamentos para nenhuma das espécies. A proporção de emergência da massa de ovos mostrou diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos para P. guildinii, mas não para D. furcatus. A aplicação de dinotefurano não afetou a presença de predadores generalistas como Araneae, Syrphidae e Chrysopidae. Dinotefurano pode ser considerado seletivo para esses predadores, mas não para P. guildinii. entanto Objetivouse Objetivou se P D Hemiptera (Hemiptera Pentatomidae campo V R7 R Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera Scelionidae 10 Araneae Chrysopidae 1

ABSTRACT Piezodorus guildinii and Dichelops furcatus stink bug populations are naturally regulated by predators and egg parasitoids. However, these natural enemies can be affected by the application of non-selective insecticides commonly employed for stink bug chemical control. This study aimed to evaluate the dinotefuran toxicity on predators and egg parasitoids associated with P. guildinii and D. furcatus (Hemimpera: Pentatomidae) populations under field conditions. Predators and egg parasitoids were recorded weekly from V2 to R7, in dinotefuran-treated and untreated soybean plots. Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) was present on 100 % of the egg masses parasitized on both stink bugs species and treatments. No significant differences were found in parasitism proportion and sex ratio between treatments for either species. The egg mass emergence proportion showed significant differences among the treatments for P. guildinii, but not for D. furcatus. The dinotefuran application did not affect the presence of generalist predators as Araneae, Syrphidae and Chrysopidae. Dinotefuran can be considered selective for these predators, but not for P. guildinii. However nonselective non control P D Hemimpera (Hemimpera Pentatomidae conditions V R7 R dinotefurantreated treated plots Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera Scelionidae 10 Araneae Chrysopidae 1

Resumo O presente estudo documenta o comportamento de abelhas machos do grupo Emphorini em explorar flores da família Convolvulaceae como local para dormir e se abrigar. As observações foram realizadas inadvertidamente durante um estudo de campo em um Sistema Agroflorestal na região da Caatinga, próximo às margens do Rio São Francisco, em Petrolina, Pernambuco - Nordeste do Brasil. Machos foram observados e coletados em flores fechadas de Ipomoea carnea (Convolvulaceae) durante o entardecer. Em nossa amostragem, encontramos nove machos da tribo Emphorini, pertencentes a três espécies oligoléticas especializadas em Convolvulaceae. Propomos que a morfologia infundibuliforme das flores de Ipomoea carnea e os diferentes períodos de antese das flores podem influenciar a escolha dessas flores como locais de descanso durante à noite. Além disso, nossos dados endossam a ideia de que machos de abelhas oligoléticas geralmente patrulham flores utilizadas por fêmeas, aumentando assim as chances de encontrar possíveis parceiras, tornando essas flores locais de encontro para acasalamento. O registro desse comportamento destaca a interdependência entre abelhas e plantas e levanta a possibilidade de que a perda dessas flores possa impactar negativamente as abelhas não apenas em relação a sua nutrição, mas também em relação ao abrigo e reprodução. abrigar Caatinga Francisco Petrolina Brasil (Convolvulaceae entardecer amostragem noite disso fêmeas parceiras acasalamento nutrição reprodução

Abstract The present study describes the behavior of male Emphorini bees in exploiting Convolvulaceae flowers as sleeping-sheltering place. The observations occurred inadvertently during a field study in an Agroforestry System in the Caatinga region, near the banks of the São Francisco River in Petrolina, Pernambuco – NE-Brazil. Males were observed and collected in wilted flowers of Ipomoea carnea (Convolvulaceae) during the evening. The sampling revealed nine Emphorini bees, belonging to three oligolectic species specialized on Convolvulaceae. We propose that the infundibuliform morphology of Ipomoea carnea flowers and the varied timing of anthesis could influence the choice of these flowers as overnight resting places. Furthermore, we endorse the idea present in the literature that males of oligolectic bees generally engage in patrolling flowers utilized by females, thereby enhancing the chances of encountering potential mates, making these flowers rendezvous places. The observation of this behavior highlights the interdependence between bees and plants and raises the possibility that the loss of these flowers could negatively impact bees not only in a nutrition aspect but also regarding shelter and reproduction. sleepingsheltering sleeping sheltering place region Petrolina NEBrazil. NEBrazil NE Brazil. Brazil NE-Brazil (Convolvulaceae evening places Furthermore females mates reproduction