Abstract: This study analyzes the experiences of 17 Colombian primary education teachers in caring for students with disabilities, registered in 17 educational institutions in 11 municipalities between 2018 and 2022. Through a narrative design and a questionnaire with open-ended questions, the interactions of these teachers with the educational environment were explored. Twelve psychological and thirteen pedagogical factors were identified, and their impact was examined depending on the types of disabilities and the specific characteristics of the students and educational contexts. The results reveal high variability and subjectivity in these factors, which can both favor and hinder inclusive educational practices. Additionally, the study examines the Individual Plan for Reasonable Adjustments, highlighting significant deficiencies in its implementation and resistance from some school sectors. This underscores challenges in adopting the inclusive education model promoted by the Colombian State. This analysis provides valuable insights for the continuous improvement of inclusive practices in the Colombian educational system

Resumen: Este estudio analiza las experiencias de 17 docentes colombianos de educación primaria en la atención a estudiantes con discapacidad, registradas en 17 instituciones educativas de 11 municipios entre 2018 y 2022. Mediante un diseño narrativo y un cuestionario de preguntas abiertas, se exploraron las interacciones de estos docentes con el entorno educativo. Se identificaron 12 factores psicológicos y 13 pedagógicos y se examinó su impacto en función de los tipos de discapacidad y las características específicas de los estudiantes y contextos educativos. Los resultados revelan una alta variabilidad y subjetividad en estos factores, los cuales pueden ser tanto favorecedores como obstaculizadores de las prácticas educativas inclusivas. Adicionalmente, el estudio examina el Plan Individual de Ajustes Razonables, destacando deficiencias significativas en su implementación y resistencia por parte de algunos sectores escolares, lo cual subraya desafíos en la adopción del modelo de educación inclusiva promovido por el Estado colombiano. Este análisis proporciona insights valiosos para la mejora continua de las prácticas inclusivas en el sistema educativo colombiano

Resumo: Este estudo analisa as experiências de 17 docentes colombianos do ensino primário no atendimento a alunos com deficiência, matriculados em 17 instituições de ensino em 11 municípios entre 2018 e 2022. Por meio de um desenho narrativo e de um questionário de perguntas abertas, foram exploradas as interações destes professores com o ambiente educacional. Foram identificados 12 fatores psicológicos e 13 pedagógicos e o seu impacto foi examinado em função dos tipos de deficiência e das características específicas dos estudantes e dos contextos educativos. Os resultados revelam alta variabilidade e subjetividade nesses fatores, o que pode favorecer ou dificultar práticas educativas inclusivas. Além disso, o estudo examina o Plano Individual de Ajustes Razoáveis, destacando falhas significativas na sua implementação e resistência por parte de alguns setores escolares, o que salienta desafios na adoção do modelo de educação inclusiva promovido pelo Estado colombiano. Esta análise fornece insights valiosos para a melhoria contínua das práticas inclusivas no sistema educacional colombiano

Abstract Maladaptive behaviors in children constitute a problem that affects their overall development. Various studies have explored the role of parenting styles as a factor associated with these behaviors. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between parenting styles and maladaptive behaviors in a sample of 100 students aged 8 to 11 from the city of Ambato, Ecuador. A non-experimental, correlational, cross-sectional design was used. Participants were selected through stratified probability sampling from a school in the city. The Behavior Assessment System for Children and Adolescents (BASC-3) was administered to measure maladaptive behaviors, and the Abbreviated Parenting Styles Perception Questionnaire (CRPBI) was used to assess perceived parenting styles. The results indicate that 48% of the sample exhibited some behavior problems according to the BASC-3, primarily of an externalizing nature. Correlational analysis revealed that the parenting style of affection is negatively associated with behavior problems, while psychological control and rejection are positively related. The parenting style that best predicts the presence of behavior problems is parental rejection according to the regression analysis conducted. In conclusion, parenting styles characterized by low levels of affection and high levels of psychological control and rejection are associated with a greater presence of maladaptive behaviors in children. It is recommended to implement parent guidance programs to promote positive parenting styles and prevent behavior problems from an early age.

Resumen Las conductas desadaptativas en los niños constituyen un problema que afecta su desarrollo integral. Diversos estudios han explorado el rol de los estilos parentales de crianza como factor asociado a estas conductas. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre los estilos parentales y las conductas desadaptativas en una muestra de 100 estudiantes de 8 a 11 años de la ciudad de Ambato, Ecuador. Se utilizó un diseño no experimental, correlacional y de corte transversal. Los participantes fueron seleccionados mediante un muestreo probabilístico estratificado de una escuela de la ciudad. Se administró el Sistema de Evaluación de la Conducta de Niños y Adolescentes (BASC-3) para medir las conductas desadaptativas y el Cuestionario de Percepción de Estilos de Crianza Abreviado (CRPBI) para evaluar los estilos parentales percibidos. Los resultados indican que la muestra presentó algún problema de comportamiento según el BASC-3, principalmente de tipo externalizante. El análisis correlacional evidenció que el estilo parental de afecto se asocia negativamente con los problemas de conducta, mientras que el control psicológico y el rechazo se relacionan positivamente. El estilo de crianza que mejor predice la presencia de problemas de conducta es el de rechazo parental según el análisis de regresión efectuado. En conclusión, los estilos parentales caracterizados por niveles bajos de afecto y altos de control psicológico y rechazo se asocian a mayor presencia de conductas desadaptativas en los niños. Se recomienda implementar programas de orientación a padres para promover estilos de crianza positivos y prevenir problemas de comportamiento desde edades tempranas.

The objective of this work is to present the preliminary results of a study that aims to investigate the consequences of the implementation of the educational itineraries in the public system on the experience of teaching and learning of faculty and students. To achieve this, we conducted qualitative research with field observation work in a full-time school in Campinas-SP and semistructured interviews with the faculty and students. The interviews were analyzed from the perspective of Content Analysis, which resulted in thematic categories, with the following most frequent themes: strategies, affections, time, university entrance exam, relation to conventional classes and methodology among the faculty; and of affections, relation to conventional classes, university entrance exam and relevance of the teacher among the students. These themes point to the perception of the deepening of inequality brought by the itineraries, to the distancing between the expectations and interests of the school community and the policy and to the centrality of the faculty work in the process of curriculum adaptation.

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar os resultados preliminares de uma pesquisa que busca investigar as consequências da implementação dos itinerários formativos na rede pública para a experiência de ensino e aprendizagem de docentes e estudantes. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa com trabalho de observação de campo em uma escola de tempo integral de Campinas-SP, além de entrevistas semiestruturadas com docentes e estudantes. As entrevistas foram analisadas sob a perspectiva da Análise de Conteúdo que resultou em categorias temáticas, constatando-se a maior frequência dos temas: estratégias, afetos, tempo, vestibular, relação com as disciplinas tradicionais e metodologia entre as docentes; e afetos, relação com as disciplinas tradicionais, vestibular e relevância do professor entre as estudantes. Essas temáticas apontam para a percepção do aprofundamento da desigualdade proporcionada pelos itinerários, para o distanciamento entre as expectativas e interesses da comunidade escolar e a política e para a centralidade do trabalho docente no processo de tradução do currículo.

Abstract The main objective of this study was to determine the failure rates of the courses in the curriculum of the Dentistry degree program at the University of Costa Rica for the cohorts from 2007 to 2014. Data from 736 records were used. The variables considered were the following: gender, age at admission, nationality, marital status, children, domicile, previous high school attended, admission exam scores, and approved courses. The data were obtained from the Student Application System, physical records, and the Supreme Electoral Tribunal of Costa Rica. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed. Among the students, 98% were Costa Rican, 68% were female, 79% were admitted based on their admission exam scores, 43% were admitted at the age of 18 or younger, 50% came from public schools, 77% resided in the Greater Metropolitan Area, and 95% were single and childless. The majority of study dropouts occurred in the first four cycles of the dentistry degree. The courses with the lowest overall success rate in the curriculum were service courses: General Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, and Elemental Mathematics. Among the core courses, the Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Clinic and the Endodontics Clinic had the highest failure rates. Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference between the approval rates of the physics course and the school of origin. In the Dentistry degree program at University of Costa Rica, the failure rate is high in the first four cycles of the program, which is when service courses are mainly offered. As fo the core courses, the Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Clinic and the Endodontics Clinic had the lowest success rates.

Resumen El objetivo del studio fue determinar los índices de reprobación de los cursos de la malla curricular de la Licenciatura en Odontología de la Universidad de Costa Rica de las cohortes del 2007 al 2014. Se utilizaron los datos de 736 expedientes. Las variables consideradas fueron: sexo, edad de ingreso, nacionalidad, estado civil, hijos, lugar y colegio de procedencia, nota de examen de admisión y cursos aprobados. Los datos se obtuvieron del Sistema de Aplicaciones Estudiantiles, los expedientes físicos y del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones de Costa Rica. Se realizó estadística descriptiva, análisis bivariado y multivariado. El 98% de los estudiantes fueron costarricenses, el 68% mujeres, el 79% ingresó según la nota de admisión, el 43% ingresó con una edad de 18 años o menos, el 50% provenía de un colegio público, el 77% residía en la Gran Área Metropolitana y el 95% eran solteros y permanecieron sin hijos. El abandono de los estudios se presentó mayoritariamente en los primeros 4 ciclos de la carrera de odontología. Los cursos de la malla curricular que menor tasa de éxito total obtuvieron fueron cursos de servicio: Química General, Química Orgánica y Matemática Elemental. De los cursos propios la Clínica de Odontopediatría y Ortodoncia y la Clínica de Endodoncia fueron los cursos con más reprobación. Hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre la aprobación del curso de física y el colegio de procedencia. En la Licenciatura de Odontología de la Universidad de Costa Rica la reprobación es alta en los primeros cuatro ciclos de la Carrera, que es cuando más se imparten cursos de servicio. Respecto a los cursos propios, la Clínica de Odontopediatría y Ortodoncia y la Clínica de Endodoncia fueron los que obtuvieron la menor tasa de éxito.

Resumo Este artigo analisa a relação entre jornadas em tempo integral e desigualdade escolar em Pernambuco, Brasil. Usando resultados de testes padronizados no nível escolar, testamos a hipótese da curva em U invertido proposta inicialmente por Simon Kuznets em 1955 e adaptada com foco na expansão e desigualdade escolar por Rati Ram em 1990. Para isso, construímos uma análise de dados em painel, com dados agregados por região e notas em testes padronizados como variável de saída. Originalmente, as hipóteses descrevem uma curva em formato de U invertido correlacionando eficácia e desigualdade escolar. Ou seja, num primeiro momento, a expansão da escolaridade aumenta a desigualdade e depois a diminui a partir de um ponto crítico. No entanto, descobrimos que a relação segue uma forma de U regular, com uma diminuição inicial e um aumento da desigualdade após o ponto crítico. Também é inferido que a equidade do resultado está mais ligada aos efeitos da diversidade da tipologia escolar, da localização das escolas e da forma como a região é desenvolvida. Pernambuco Brasil 195 1990 isso painel saída Originalmente seja momento crítico entanto regular desenvolvida 19 199 1

Abstract This paper analyzes the relationship between full-time journeys and schooling inequality in Pernambuco, Brazil. Using standardized test scores on the school level, we tested the inverted u-curve hypothesis proposed initially by Simon Kuznets in 1955 and adapted with a focus on schooling expansion and inequality by Rati Ram in 1990. We build a panel data analysis to perform the test, with data aggregated by region and scores on standardized tests as the output variable. Initially, the hypotheses described an inverted U-curve correlating schooling effectiveness and inequality. However, we have found that the relationship follows a regular U shape. It is also inferable that the equity of the result is more connected to the effects of the diversity of school typology, the location of schools, and the way the region is developed. fulltime full time Pernambuco Brazil level ucurve u curve 195 1990 variable Initially Ucurve However shape typology schools developed 19 199 1

Resumen Este artículo analiza la relación entre la jornada escolar a tiempo completo y la desigualdad escolar en Pernambuco, Brasil. Usando pruebas estandarizadas a nivel escolar, probamos la hipótesis de la curva en U invertida propuesta por primera vez por Simon Kuznets en 1955 y adaptada con un enfoque en la expansión escolar y la desigualdad por Rati Ram en 1990. Para esto, construimos un análisis de datos en panel, con datos agregados por región y puntuaciones de pruebas estandarizadas como variable de salida. Originalmente, la hipótesis describe una curva de correlación en forma de U invertida entre la eficacia escolar y la desigualdad. Es decir, en un primer momento, la expansión de la escolaridad aumenta la desigualdad y luego la disminuye a partir de un punto crítico. Sin embargo, encontramos que la relación sigue una forma de U regular, con una disminución inicial y un aumento en la desigualdad después del punto crítico. También se infiere que la equidad del resultado está más ligada a los efectos de la diversidad de tipología escolar, la ubicación de las escuelas y la forma de desarrollo de la región. Pernambuco Brasil 195 1990 esto panel salida Originalmente decir momento crítico embargo regular 19 199 1

School heads or principals have various roles in developing school quality, which can often be stressful. In this study we investigated principals' perceptions of quality schools, the practices performed to improve quality, and the stress and support factors involved. We adopted a qualitative inductive content analysis approach to analyse the transcribed data collected from 14 principals of senior high schools in the Volta region of Ghana. The findings show that principals perceive quality schools as having high academic performance, quality teachers, and adequate resources coordinated in a well-organised system. Furthermore, the results reveal practices that principals perform to improve school quality, such as promoting staff professional development, supporting students' intellectual and skills development, supervising teachers, and providing resources. On the other hand, supervision, non-cooperation of some teachers, inadequate resources, and administrative bureaucracy were revealed as causes of stress in improving school quality. Facing these challenges, the principals relied on their academic qualifications and experiences when engaging in practices to improve school quality. We recommend further research on the possibility of principals using technology to monitor the presence of teachers in classrooms from their offices.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Este artículo centra como propósito fundamental esclarecer la relación entre el desarrollo cognitivo y la actitud de los estudiantes universitarios ante el aborto. El desarrollo cognitivo es la implementación de habilidades de procesamiento de información que nos permiten adaptarnos al medio, su nivel define nuestra inteligencia. El rendimiento académico ha sido asociado a esta última, cuando en realidad lo que mide es el nivel de integración de un sujeto a un sistema educativo. Este sistema educativo puede ser defectuoso o, peor aún, puede estar idiologizado. Por su parte, el aborto es una materia ideologizada que ha sido justificada desde perspectivas reduccionistas y simplistas que están presentes cada vez más en los sistemas educativos. Métodos: La investigación es de tipo cuantitativo, transversal y con alcance correlacional y cuasi-experimental. El rendimiento académico se midió a partir del resultado de la nota de grado del bachillerato y la calificación universitaria promedio en la carrera universitaria. La medición del razonamiento abstracto fue realizada por medio del Test de Analogías Figurales (TAF) digitalizado (Blum, Galibert, Abal, Lozzia, y Attorresi, 2011). Para medir la actitud hacia el aborto, se utilizó la herramienta de Cucalón y Marcial (2017). Resultados: Se pudo establecer una relación significativa entre el rendimiento académico (como índice del nivel de integración al sistema educativo) y la actitud positiva hacia el aborto. El razonamiento abstracto, habilidad más representativa del desarrollo cognitivo humano, resultó ser la más débil de las calculadas. Conclusión: Se requiere una reflexión tanto sobre la calidad de nuestro sistema educativo como sobre su efecto ideologizante. La actitud hacia el aborto no correlaciona con el desarrollo cognitivo sino con la capacidad de adaptarse de un sujeto a un sistema educativo defectuoso. Por tanto, se concluye que la capacidad de ideologizarse es producto de la acción de este mismo sistema, lo cual representa una infinidad de nuevas reflexiones acerca de hacia dónde van nuestras sociedades y qué papel está desempeñando precisamente la Educación Superior institucionalizada en esta deriva.

ABSTRACT Objective: This paper aims at understanding the correlation of cognitive development and university students’ attitude toward abortion. Cognitive development is the implementation of information processing skills that allow us to adapt to the environment as an indicator of the individual intelligence. Academic achievement has been associated to intelligence rather than to the subject’s integrative ability to the local educative system. This system might be imperfect or ideologized. Though there are biases against abortion, it is commonly justified in educative systems from a reductionist perspective. Methods: The researcher follows a quantitative, transversal, correlational and cuasi-experimental approach. Final grades at senior high school and average grading at the university were used to assess academic achievement; abstract reasoning assessment was completed using Blum, Galibert, Abal, Lozzia, and Attorresi’s (2001) tool; whereas Cucalón and Marcial (2017) was used to explore students’ attitude towards abortion. Results: The findings show there is a significant relationship between academic performance at the university (as an index of the level of integration to the educational system) and the positive attitude towards abortion. Abstract reasoning, the most representative skill of human cognitive development, results the variable of lowest ranks. Conclusión: Educational authorities should reconsider the quality of the educational system and its ideologizing effect. The attitudes towards abortion do no correlates to cognitive development but to the individual capacity to adapt to the imperfect educative system. The author reaches at the conclusions that idelologizing capacity is a product of the own educative system, and calls the attention on the need of rethinking the targets of our society and higher education in the country.

ABSTRACT The exponential growth of digital technological resources requires the educational system to be in constant transformation. In order to contribute to this purpose, a pedagogical model is proposed to develop technological awareness in the use of digital technological resources during the bachelor's degree training process; since, manifestations that limit their adequate use by students were observed. The application of the proposal has contributed to the conscious use of digital technological resources by future high school graduates, from the integration of the different agents and socializing agencies involved in the training process.

RESUMEN El crecimiento exponencial de los recursos tecnológicos digitales requiere que el sistema educativo esté en constante transformación. Para contribuir con este propósito se propone un modelo pedagógico para desarrollar la conciencia tecnológica en el uso de los recursos tecnológicos digitales durante el proceso de formación del bachiller; pues, se constataron manifestaciones que limitan su adecuado uso por parte de los educandos. La aplicación de la propuesta ha contribuido al uso consciente de los recursos tecnológicos digitales por parte de los futuros bachilleres, desde la integración de los diferentes agentes y agencias socializadoras que intervienen en el proceso formativo.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Understanding social determinants is crucial for implementing preventive strategies, especially for low birth weight (LBW)—a public health issue that severely increases the risk of morbimortality in children. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the factors associated with LBW among newborns, assisted by the Brazilian Unified Health System. DESIGN AND SETTING: It analyzed data from newborns and their mothers. The sample was selected by convenience from users of the public health system in Francisco Beltrão (Paraná, Brazil). METHODS: Cases (n = 26) were babies weighing ≤ 2,500 g and controls (n = 52) > 2,500 g. All babies were assessed and paired by sex and date of birth in a 1:2 proportion. Statistical power was computed a posteriori, revealing a power of 87% (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Strong and significant differences were found in the bivariate analysis, in which the number of current smokers or those who quit during pregnancy was higher among mothers of babies with LBW. Moreover, the gestational weeks were lower among these cases. Logistic regression models indicated that the gestational week (odds ratio [OR] = 0.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.05–0.54) and fathers’ educational level (high school or above; OR = 0.22, 95% CI:0.06–0.99) were related to lower chances of low birth weight. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm previous investigations on LBW's multi-causality, showing that the gestational week could reduce up to 82% chances of a baby being born with ≤ 2,500 g. Its association with paternal education underlines the importance of comprehensive policies to protect newborns. BACKGROUND strategies LBWa children OBJECTIVE System SETTING Paraná, Paraná (Paraná Brazil. Brazil . Brazil) METHODS n 26 2500 2 500 2,50 52 12 1 1: proportion posteriori 87 α 0.05. 005 0.05 0 05 0.05) RESULTS analysis Moreover cases odds [OR 017 17 0.17 95 CI0.05–0.54 CI005054 CI 0.05–0.54 54 [CI]:0.05–0.54 fathers high above 022 22 0.22 CI0.06–0.99 CI006099 0.06–0.99 06 99 CI:0.06–0.99 CONCLUSIONS LBWs s multicausality, multicausality multi causality, causality multi-causality 82 250 50 2,5 5 8 00 0.0 01 0.1 9 CI0 CI0.05–0.5 CI00505 005054 0.05–0.5 [CI]:0.05–0.5 02 0.2 CI0.06–0.9 CI00609 006099 0.06–0.9 CI:0.06–0.9 25 2, 0. CI0.05–0. CI0050 00505 0.05–0. [CI]:0.05–0. CI0.06–0. CI0060 00609 0.06–0. CI:0.06–0. CI0.05–0 CI005 0050 0.05–0 [CI]:0.05–0 CI0.06–0 CI006 0060 0.06–0 CI:0.06–0 CI0.05– CI00 0.05– [CI]:0.05– CI0.06– 006 0.06– CI:0.06– CI0.05 [CI]:0.05 CI0.06 0.06 CI:0.06 CI0.0 [CI]:0.0 CI:0.0 CI0. [CI]:0. CI:0. [CI]:0 CI:0 [CI]: CI: [CI] [CI

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze functional aspects of breastfeeding, self-efficacy, and pain reported by mothers during breastfeeding, in newborns with severe and mild ankyloglossia. Methods: This is an observational study, carried out with 81 babies with ankyloglossia, assessed by the Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool (severe: scores 0–3; mild: scores 4–6) nested in a cohort carried out at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Brazil. The functional aspects of breastfeeding were analyzed using the Breastfeeding Observation Form of the United Nations Children's Fund (BOF-UNICEF) and the LATCH Scoring System. Breastfeeding self-efficacy was measured using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale — Short-Form. Pain indicators were evaluated by the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results: Maternal age was 26.7±0.8 years, and 64.2% reported high school education. Most babies were male (67.9%), and the birth weight was 3232±60g. A significant association was detected in the sucking aspect evaluated by the BOF-UNICEF [β=0.22 (95%CI 0.07; 0.73), p-value=0.013]. However, the groups did not differ in the assessment of breastfeeding performed by the LATCH scale. The groups had no differences in the assessment of breastfeeding self-efficacy reported by mothers, and in pain scores. Conclusions: Despite the observation of sucking difficulty in infants with severe ankyloglossia., the quality of breastfeeding in general, maternal pain, and self-efficacy reported by mothers do not differ when compared with infants with mild ankyloglossia. Therefore, the severity of ankyloglossia seems not to affect the breastfeeding indicators. Objective selfefficacy, selfefficacy self efficacy, efficacy Methods study 8 (severe 0–3 03 0 3 4–6 46 4 6 Maranhão Luis Brazil Childrens Children s BOFUNICEF BOF UNICEF (BOF-UNICEF System SelfEfficacy Self Efficacy ShortForm. ShortForm Short Form. Questionnaire 5 5% Results 26708 26 7 26.7±0. years 642 64 2 64.2 education 67.9%, 679 67.9% , 67 9 (67.9%) 323260g g 3232 60g 3232±60g β=0.22 β022 β 22 [β=0.2 95%CI 95CI CI 95 0.07 007 07 0.73, 073 0.73 73 0.73) pvalue=0.013. pvalue0013 pvalue p value=0.013 . value 013 p-value=0.013] However scale Conclusions general Therefore 0– 4– 2670 26.7±0 64. 67.9 (67.9% 323 β=0.2 β02 [β=0. 0.0 00 0.7 pvalue=0.013 pvalue001 value0013 value=0.01 01 p-value=0.013 267 26.7± 67. (67.9 32 β=0. β0 [β=0 0. pvalue=0.01 pvalue00 value001 value=0.0 p-value=0.01 26.7 (67. β=0 [β= pvalue=0.0 pvalue0 value00 value=0. p-value=0.0 26. (67 β= [β pvalue=0. value0 value=0 p-value=0. (6 pvalue=0 value= p-value=0 ( pvalue= p-value= p-value

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar aspectos funcionais da amamentação, autoeficácia e dor relatada pelas mães durante a amamentação, em recém-nascidos com anquiloglossia grave e leve. Métodos: Estudo observacional, realizado com 81 bebês diagnosticados com anquiloglossia avaliados pelo Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool (grave: escores 0–3; leve: escores: 4–6), aninhados em um estudo de coorte realizado no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brasil. Os aspectos funcionais do aleitamento materno foram analisados por meio do Formulário de Observação da Amamentação do Fundo Internacional para a Infância das Nações Unidas (BOF-UNICEF) e da Escala LATCH. Aautoeficácia foi mensurada por meio da Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale — Short-Form. Os indicadores de dor foram avaliados pelo Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: A idade materna foi 26,7±0,8 anos, e 64,2% concluíram o ensino médio. A maioria dos recém-nascidos era do sexo masculino (67,9%), e o peso ao nascer foi 3232±60g. Foi detectada associação significante no aspecto da sucção avaliado pelo BOF-UNICEF [β=0,22 (IC95% 0,07; 0,73), p=0,013]. No entanto, os grupos não diferiram na avaliação do aleitamento materno realizada pela escala LATCH. Os grupos não apresentaram diferenças na avaliação da autoeficácia em amamentar relatada pelas mães e no escore de dor. Conclusões: Apesar de ter sido observada dificuldade de sucção em lactentes com anquiloglossia grave, a qualidade da amamentação em geral, a dor materna e a autoeficácia relatada pelas mães não diferem quando comparadas com as de lactentes com anquiloglossia leve. Assim, a gravidade da anquiloglossia parece não afetar os indicadores de amamentação. Objetivo recémnascidos recém nascidos leve Métodos observacional 8 (grave 0–3 03 0 3 4–6, 46 4–6 , 4 6 4–6) Maranhão Luís Brasil BOFUNICEF BOF UNICEF (BOF-UNICEF LATCH SelfEfficacy Self Efficacy ShortForm. ShortForm Short Form. Form Questionnaire 5 5% Resultados 26708 26 7 26,7±0, anos 642 64 2 64,2 médio 67,9%, 679 67,9% 67 9 (67,9%) 323260g g 3232 60g 3232±60g β=0,22 β022 β 22 [β=0,2 IC95% IC95 IC (IC95 0,07 007 07 0,73, 073 0,73 73 0,73) p=0,013. p0013 p p=0,013 . 013 p=0,013] entanto Conclusões geral Assim 0– 4– 2670 26,7±0 64, 67,9 (67,9% 323 β=0,2 β02 [β=0, IC9 (IC9 0,0 00 0,7 p001 p=0,01 01 267 26,7± 67, (67,9 32 β=0, β0 [β=0 (IC 0, p00 p=0,0 26,7 (67, β=0 [β= p0 p=0, 26, (67 β= [β p=0 (6 p= (

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of ultra-processed food consumption and associated factors among children enrolled in the public school system of the city of Barbacena, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with schoolchildren aged 7–9 years, of both sexes, enrolled in state public schools. Food intake was assessed using the Previous Day Food Questionnaire and the level of physical activity by the Previous Day Physical Activity Questionnaire. The listed foods were classified according to the extent and purpose of industrial processing, using the NOVA classification. Pearson’s χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test, χ2 with Yates correction, and Poisson regression were used in the statistical analysis, estimating the crude and adjusted prevalence ratio, with 95% confidence intervals. Results: The prevalence of daily ultra-processed food consumption was 69.6%. After adjusted analyses, the consumption of ultra-processed food was associated with the omission of breakfast, mid-afternoon snack, supper, low physical activity, and consumption of risk foods. On the other hand, consumption of in natura or minimally processed foods was associated with older age, the consumption of lunch, mid-afternoon snack, dinner, and protective foods. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of ultra-processed foods consumption, associated with unhealthy dietary habits among schoolchildren. This highlights the need for nutritional counseling and educational actions, favoring healthy eating in childhood. Objective ultraprocessed ultra Barbacena Gerais Brazil Methods crosssectional cross sectional 79 7 9 7– years sexes schools processing classification Pearsons Pearson s χ test Fishers Fisher correction analysis ratio 95 intervals Results 696 69 6 69.6% analyses breakfast midafternoon mid afternoon snack supper hand age lunch dinner Conclusions actions childhood 69.6 69.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência de consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e fatores associados em crianças matriculadas na rede pública do município de Barbacena, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com escolares de 7 a 9 anos de ambos os sexos, matriculados na rede pública estadual de ensino. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado utilizando o Questionário Alimentar do Dia Anterior e o nível de atividade física pelo Questionário de Atividade Física do Dia Anterior. Os alimentos listados foram classificados segundo a extensão e propósito do processamento industrial, conforme proposto pela classificação NOVA. Na análise estatística foram utilizados os testes χ2 de Pearson, Exato de Fisher, χ2 com correção de Yates e regressão de Poisson, estimando-se a razão de prevalência bruta e ajustada, com intervalos de confiança de 95%. Resultados A prevalência de consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados foi de 69,6%. Após análises ajustadas, o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados foi associado à omissão do café da manhã, lanche da tarde e ceia, baixo nível de atividade física e ao consumo de alimentos de risco. Por outro lado, o consumo de alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados foi associado à maior idade, consumo de almoço, lanche da tarde, jantar e alimentos protetivos. Conclusões Verificamos uma alta prevalência no consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, associada a hábitos alimentares não saudáveis, em crianças escolares. Isso destaca a necessidade de ações de educação alimentar e nutricional, favorecendo o consumo alimentar saudável na infância. Barbacena Gerais Brasil Tratase Trata se sexos ensino industrial NOVA χ Pearson Fisher Poisson estimandose estimando ajustada 95 95% 696 69 6 69,6% ajustadas manhã ceia risco lado idade almoço protetivos saudáveis nutricional infância 69,6 69,

Abstract Introduction and Objective In most cases, due to the failure of nonsurgical methods in the treatment of diseases related to the colon, it is necessary to perform colostomy as the main treatment method. However, this surgery can cause a wide range of physical, social, and psychological problems in patients. Therefore, in order to prevent and treat the complications of colostomy, it is necessary to adopt measures in the field of self-care and continuous education for patients to control the complications of the disease, seek treatment, and experience improvements in their quality of life. Additionally, considering the role of mobile health (mHealth) applications in facilitating continuous and effective training, and improving self-care for these patients, the aim of the present study was to design and evaluate an mHealth application for self-care of colostomy patients. Materials and Methods In the present applied research, first the functional requirements of the software were determined considering the self-care requirements of colostomy patients. Then, the software was designed based on object-oriented analysis, and according to it, the application was coded in Java and developed in the Android Studio environment. Finally, to evaluate the software, the opinions and comments of 5 gastroenterologists and 10 adult colostomy patients in the age range between 27 and 64 years who had at least a high school diploma were used as the basis of judgment at this stage. The instruments used in the evaluation included a checklist, derived from three standard questionnaires (the System Usability Scale [SUS], the mHealth App Usability Questionnaire [MAUQ], and the User Version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale [uMARS]) to measure the user-friendliness indicator, and a researcher-made checklist to measure the performance indicator of the various services provided. Results The services of the software developed include the provision of medical information and self-care instructions regarding colostomy surgery, as well as alerts for the user to schedule an appointment with a doctor and the time to take medications. Based on the results of the evaluation stage, the users were generally satisfied with the interface, services, and general features of the software. In general, the software was evaluated at the “acceptable” level, with a rate of 85%. Discussion and Conclusion Based on the findings of the current research, thesoftware developed can be significantly effective in facilitating the education of colostomy patients and improving their self-care. Proper and continuous self-care and education for colostomy patients is necessary to prevent and control complications resulting from surgery and to improve their quality of life. Therefore, in addition to patients, all health care staff, organizations, and associations which support colostomy patients can also use this software to educate patients and improve the care provided to them. cases colon method However physical social Therefore selfcare self disease life Additionally (mHealth training research Then objectoriented object oriented analysis environment Finally 1 2 6 stage SUS, SUS , [SUS] MAUQ, MAUQ [MAUQ] uMARS [uMARS] userfriendliness friendliness researchermade researcher made medications interface acceptable “acceptable level 85 85% selfcare. care. staff organizations them [SUS [MAUQ [uMARS 8

Abstract This article aims to understand, by using Photovoice, the representations of bulling among high school adolescents. This is a qualitative study, conducted with 54 adolescents from the public school system of the state of Paraná, organized into six focus groups. The data were collected using the Photovoice participatory technique and submitted to content analysis proposed by Bardin. Three categories emerged from the data analysis: “Esthetic, homophobic, and gender bullying: subversive strategies”, “The harmful effects of bullying”, and “Interdisciplinary dialogue as a strategy to prevent and combat bullying.” With the results, it was possible to evidence that the practice of bullying happens from dissonances between aggressors and victims, with insults to the condition of body conformation, sexual orientation, gender identity, among others. For this reason, it is necessary to enable articulated actions between education and health for dialogue and listening about bullying in the school community, with a view to coping with it, prevent it, and protect against it, seeking above all the respect and appreciation of differences. understand study 5 Paraná groups Bardin Esthetic, Esthetic “Esthetic homophobic strategies, strategies , strategies” bullying, bullying” Interdisciplinary bullying. results victims conformation orientation identity others reason community differences

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender, pelo uso do Photovoice, as representações de bullying presentes entre adolescentes escolares do ensino médio. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, realizado com 54 adolescentes da rede pública de ensino do estado do Paraná, organizados em seis grupos focais. Os dados foram coletados mediante a técnica participativa Photovoice e submetidos à análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Da análise dos dados emergiram três categorias: “Bullying estético, homofóbico e de gênero: estratégias subversivas”, “Os efeitos danosos do bullying” e “O diálogo interdisciplinar como estratégia de prevenção e combate ao bullying”. Com os resultados, foi possível evidenciar que a prática do bullying acontece a partir das dissonâncias entre agressores e vítimas, com insultos à condição de conformação corporal, orientação sexual, identidade de gênero, entre outros. Por essa razão, é preciso viabilizar ações articuladas entre educação e saúde para o diálogo e escuta a respeito do bullying na comunidade escolar, com vistas a seu enfrentamento, prevenção e proteção, almejando, sobretudo, o respeito e valorização das diferenças. compreender médio Tratase Trata se qualitativo 5 Paraná focais Bardin categorias Bullying estético gênero subversivas, subversivas , subversivas” O bullying. . resultados vítimas corporal sexual outros razão escolar enfrentamento proteção almejando sobretudo diferenças

Abstract This article aims to evaluate the efficiency of state high schools in region 4 of the municipality of Fortaleza (CE) using the results obtained in the Spaece in the 2022 and 2023 editions. The quadrupole method and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) modeling with Variable Returns to Scale (VRS), an output-oriented BCC-O model introduced by Banker, Charnes, and Cooper (1984), were used to verify the efficiency of state schools in region 4 of the municipality of Fortaleza. The proficiency in Portuguese and Mathematics in the 2022 and 2023 editions of the Spaece of 21 state schools in region 4 was evaluated. After applying the OSDEA-GUI-v0.2.jar software, the results revealed that of the 21 schools, 09 schools were considered to have an objective value of 1 efficient in both Portuguese and Mathematics. Based on the Benchmark, 2 schools with the highest incidence as reference DMUs and the best practices of these schools were identified, which can serve as an example for the other less efficient schools. CE (CE 202 DEA (DEA VRS, VRS , (VRS) outputoriented output oriented BCCO BCC O Banker Charnes 1984, 1984 (1984) evaluated OSDEAGUIv0.2.jar OSDEAGUIv02jar OSDEAGUIvjar OSDEA GUI v0.2.jar v0 jar v software 0 Benchmark identified 20 (VRS 198 (1984 OSDEAGUIv0 OSDEAGUIv v02jar vjar 19 (198 (19 (1 (

Resumo Neste artigo propõe-se avaliar a eficiência das escolas estaduais do Ensino Médio da região 4 do município de Fortaleza (CE) por meio dos resultados obtidos no Spaece, nas edições de 2022 e 2023. Para tanto, foi utilizado o método quadripolar e a modelagem por meio do Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), com retornos variáveis de escala (Variable Returns to Scale - VRS), modelo BCC-O orientado pelos outputs, introduzido por Banker, Charnes e Cooper (1984) para verificar a eficiência das escolas estaduais da região 4 do município de Fortaleza. Avaliou-se a proficiência em língua portuguesa e matemática das edições de 2022 e 2023 do Spaece das 21 escolas estaduais da região 4. Os resultados após aplicação do software OSDEA-GUI-v0.2.jar revelaram que das 21 escolas, 9 escolas foram consideradas com valor objetivo 1 eficiente tanto em língua portuguesa como em matemática. A partir do Benchmark foram identificadas 2 escolas com maior incidência como DMU referência e levantado as melhores práticas dessas escolas que podem servir de exemplo para as outras escolas menos eficientes. propõese propõe se CE (CE 202 DEA, DEA , (DEA) Variable VRS, VRS VRS) BCCO BCC O outputs Banker 1984 (1984 Avaliouse Avaliou OSDEAGUIv0.2.jar OSDEAGUIv02jar OSDEAGUIvjar OSDEA GUI v0.2.jar v0 jar v eficientes 20 (DEA 198 (198 OSDEAGUIv0 OSDEAGUIv v02jar vjar 19 (19 (1 (

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo evaluar la eficiencia de las escuelas secundarias estatales de la región 4 del municipio de Fortaleza (CE) a partir de los resultados obtenidos en el Spaece en las ediciones de 2022 y 2023. Para ello, se utilizó el método cuádruple y la modelización de Análisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA) con Rendimientos Variables a Escala (RVA), un modelo BCC-O orientado al output introducido por Banker, Charnes y Cooper (1984), para verificar la eficiencia de las escuelas estatales de la región 4 del municipio de Fortaleza. Se evaluó la competencia en portugués y matemáticas de las ediciones de 2022 y 2023 del Spaece de las 21 escuelas estatales de la región 4. Los resultados tras aplicar el software OSDEA-GUI-v0.2.jar revelaron que, de las 21 escuelas, 09 se consideraron con un valor objetivo de 1 eficientes tanto en portugués como en matemáticas. A partir del Benchmark se identificaron 2 escuelas con mayor incidencia como DMUs de referencia y se analizaron las mejores prácticas de estas escuelas, que pueden servir de ejemplo para las demás escuelas menos eficientes. CE (CE 202 ello DEA (DEA RVA, RVA , (RVA) BCCO BCC O Banker 1984, 1984 (1984) OSDEAGUIv0.2.jar OSDEAGUIv02jar OSDEAGUIvjar OSDEA GUI v0.2.jar v0 jar v 0 20 (RVA 198 (1984 OSDEAGUIv0 OSDEAGUIv v02jar vjar 19 (198 (19 (1 (

Abstract Objective To measure the average time for the diagnosis and for the therapeutic prescription of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) at a hospital in Botucatu Medical School - State University São Paulo, UNESP. Method A retrospective observational study was carried out by collecting data from the electronic medical records of patients over 18-years of age, who had a diagnostic polysomnography testing scheduled between January and December 2017. Result Of the 347 patients eligible for the study, 94 (27.1%) missed follow-up and 103 (29.7%) had a referral for CPAP use. Until February 2021, only 37 (35.9%) of these patients had already acquired and were using the device, the remaining 66 (64.1%) were waiting or gave up the therapy. The mean value of the waiting time interval between the referral of the diagnostic test and its performance was equivalent to 197 days (6.5 months). The mean time between diagnostic polysomnography and CPAP prescription was 440-days (14.5-months), with a total mean time of 624 days (21-months). Conclusion As in other services, the diagnostic-therapeutic flow proved to be highly inefficient, with a long waiting period, difficult access to treatment and a high dropout rate. These findings highlight the need to establish new patient-centered strategies with measures that speed up the flow and facilitate access to CPAP, in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this condition. Level of evidence Level 3 - Non-randomized controlled cohort/follow-up study Recommendation B. (CPAP Paulo UNESP 18years years 18 age 2017 34 9 27.1% 271 27 1 (27.1% followup follow 10 29.7% 297 29 7 (29.7% use 2021 35.9% 359 35 (35.9% device 6 64.1% 641 64 (64.1% therapy 19 6.5 65 5 (6. months. months . months) 440days 440 14.5months, 145months 14.5 , 14 (14.5-months) 62 21months. 21months 21 (21-months) services diagnostictherapeutic inefficient period rate patientcentered patient centered condition Nonrandomized Non randomized cohort/followup cohortfollowup cohort/follow cohort B 201 27.1 2 (27.1 29.7 (29.7 202 35.9 (35.9 64.1 (64.1 6. (6 44 5months 14.5months 145 14. (14.5-months (21-months cohortfollow 20 27. (27. 29. (29. 35. (35. 64. (64. ( 4 (27 (29 (35 (64 (2 (3