Abstract A knowledge synthesis of the proturans (Protura) present in Chile is conducted. It summarizes the class's history in the country according to the literature. The presence of these insects is confirmed for twelve provinces and eight regions of the Chilean territory, with comments on their distribution. Only one taxon has been identified at the species level in Chile.

Resumen Se realiza una síntesis del conocimiento de los proturos (Protura) presentes en Chile. Se resume la historia de la clase en el país según la literatura. La presencia de estos insectos es confirmada para doce provincias y ocho regiones del territorio chileno, con comentarios sobre su distribución. Solo un taxón ha sido identificado a nivel de especie en Chile.

ABSTRACT Data from the Taxonomic Catalog of the Brazilian Fauna provides an overview of the present knowledge of Diptera diversity in Brazil and an insight into the historical development of the taxonomy of a megadiverse animal order in a large country. Diptera represents 9.3% of the known Brazilian fauna, with 1,986 genera and 12,194 valid species in 102 families. The 15 most species-rich families, with over 300 species each, correspond to 66.5% of all Brazilian known species diversity, of which Phoridae is the richest, followed by Tachinidae, and Chironomidae. The number of species reported grew sharply from the late 19th century. So far, the most productive decade sequence was from 1910 to 1960, when over half of the presently known Brazilian dipterofauna was described. The most productive decade alone was the 2010s, with almost 1,300 species described. Thomas Borgmeier was the most prolific author of species in Brazil (585), followed by Charles Paul Alexander (559), and John Lane (481). Species names based on geographical localities often derive from “Brazil/Brasil” (154), “Amazonia” (57), and “state of São Paulo” (41). The top three honored people with species names are Fritz Plaumann (69), Hugo de Souza Lopes (57), and John Lane (49). In the last 20 years, the number of Brazilian dipterists studying the fauna has increased, with the establishment of several research groups across the country, more authors collaborating in papers describing species, and interconnection between the Brazilian research groups, resulting in more complex studies. country 93 9 3 9.3 1986 1 986 1,98 12194 12 194 12,19 10 families speciesrich rich 30 each 665 66 5 66.5 richest Tachinidae Chironomidae th century far 191 1960 described 2010s s 1300 1,30 585, 585 , (585) 559, 559 (559) 481. 481 . (481) Brazil/Brasil BrazilBrasil Brasil “Brazil/Brasil 154, 154 (154) Amazonia “Amazonia 57, 57 (57) state Paulo 41. 41 (41) 69, 69 (69) 49. 49 (49) 2 years increased studies 9. 198 98 1,9 1219 19 12,1 6 66. 196 130 1,3 58 (585 55 (559 48 (481 (154 (57 4 (41 (69 (49 1, 121 12, 13 (58 (55 (48 (15 (5 (4 (6 (1 (

RESUMEN El conocimiento de la biodiversidad acuática de ecosistemas lénticos es escaso en muchas regiones del mundo. Por ello, se consideró importante realizar evaluaciones preliminares de la fauna bentónica de poca profundidad en tres franjas subacuáticas de muestreo entre los 0 a 10 m en una zona rocosa del área noreste del lago de Coatepeque, El Salvador. Las familias más abundantes fueron Thiaridae (Gastropoda), Hyalellidae (Malacostraca, Amphipoda) y larvas de Coenagrionidae (Insecta, Odonata) entre la orilla y 2,5 m de profundidad. En los sedimentos finos (10 m) se encontró una riqueza de especies y abundancia reducida en comparación a los estratos menos profundos, así como una gran cantidad de conchas vacías de caracoles de la familia Thiaridae y cápsulas cefálicas de larvas de quironómidos (Insecta, Diptera).

ABSTRACT The knowledge of aquatic biodiversity in lentic ecosystems is scarce in many regions of the world. Therefore, it was considered important to accomplish preliminary assessments of benthic fauna associated with low depths in three sampling subaquatic fringes between 0 and 10 m on a rocky shore along the northeast area of Coatepeque Lake, El Salvador. The most abundant families were Thiaridae (Gastropoda), Hyalellidae (Malacostraca, Amphipoda), and Coenagrionidae (Insecta, Odonata) from the edge to a depth of 2,5 m. A reduced species richness and abundance were found in fine sediments (10 m) in comparison to shallower strata, as well as a lot of empty shells of the Thiaridae family and cephalic capsules of chironomid larvae (Insecta, Diptera).

ABSTRACT A checklist of Dermaptera and Phasmatodea from Brazil is presented, from the Catalog of the Brazilian Fauna project, an online platform available at http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br, which gathers taxonomic information (valid species, distribution, synonymies, depository location, etc.) from species recorded in the country. The patterns of known type locations, biome distribution, and rate of new species descriptions in Brazil are discussed. There is a great number of lost types and few numbers of secondary types, indicating that collecting activities focused on Dermaptera and Phasmatodea followed by taxonomic treatments have not been many. The best-known biome in terms of species of Dermaptera and Phasmatodea is the Atlantic Forest, followed by the Amazon Forest. There are significantly less species recorded for the other biomes. This bias may be explained by the colonization of Brazil, which started in areas of Atlantic Forest, and the several expeditions that occurred in the Amazon region in the last century. As for the rate of new species descriptions, a steady and slow pattern of new species described through time is characteristic of Dermaptera, while large gaps of time without any new taxon followed by clusters of many described species is characteristic of Phasmatodea.

RESUMEN Nuevos dermápteros (un género nuevo y cuatro especies nuevas) son reportados de piezas de ámbar procedentes de la Mina Los Pocitos, cerca de near Simojovel de Allende, Chiapas. Las piezas de ámbar, colectadas en la Lutita Mazantic del Mioceno inferior, incluyen ejemplares bien preservados de tijerillas, con solo un antecedente de este grupo para el ámbar mexicano. La presencia de este tipo de insectos apoya la interpretación paleoambiental de un bosque húmedo para el ámbar de la Lutita Mazantic.

ABSTRACT New Dermaptera taxa (one new genus and four new species) are reported from amber pieces proceeding from Mina Los Pocitos near Simojovel de Allende, Chiapas. The amber pieces were collected in the lower Miocene Mazantic Shale, including well-preserved earwigs, with only one antecedent for this insect group in the Mexican amber. The presence of this kind of insects supports the paleoenvironmental interpretation for the Mazantic Shale amber as of a humid forest.

Abstract Communication in science requires standardized terminology with concepts unified that facilitate the processing and exploration of information in any knowledge domain. The morphology is not the exception; however, it has challenged problems, called “the linguistic problem of the morphology”, which is related to the processing of morphological data result of taxonomic work. Ontologies, standardized vocabularies expressed through language parsable (Resource Description Framework, RDF) by machines, are proposed to resolve the linguistic problems in morphology. Springtails are dominants in the soil and other types of habitats with ca 9000 described species. The anatomical terms employed in Collembola are not exempt from problems such as the presence of homonyms related to the chaetotaxy, idiosyncratic language employed in morphological descriptions, and lack of consensual definitions of anatomical terms, which difficult the comparison of morphological data. Collembola Anatomy Ontology (CLAO) is built according to principles established by The OBO Foundry and includes 1554 anatomical terms for the region of the cuticle, appendages, anatomical systems, and cells. CLAO is directed toward morphological descriptions and the production of phenotypic data produced from taxonomic and anatomical works before the obtaining of homologies in a phylogenetic framework. Also, to increase the interoperability with other anatomical ontologies for Arthropoda and knowledge domains. domain exception however morphology, , morphology” work Ontologies Resource Framework RDF machines 900 species chaetotaxy (CLAO 155 cuticle appendages systems cells framework Also domains 90 15 9 1

Abstract To provide some aspects of the chitinous integument in insects but focused on its iridescent nature and its relationship with some tropical species. Diagrams and illustrations made with stereomicroscope and SEM of the treated chitinous parts are provided. Photography of iridescent species of the orders Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Mantodea and Lepidoptera are included. A good part of these species has an iridescent greenish coloration that is dominant one and can be useful in applied taxonomic studies.

Resumen Se aportan algunos aspectos del integumento quitinoso en los insectos, enfocados a la naturaleza iridiscente del mismo y a la relación con algunas especies tropicales. Se suministran diagramas e ilustraciones realizadas con estereomicroscopio y MEB de las partes quitinosas tratadas. Se incluyen fotos de especies iridiscentes de los órdenes Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Mantodea y Lepidoptera. Buena parte de estas especies presentan una coloración verdosa iridiscente que es la dominante y puede ser útil en estudios taxonómicos aplicados.

RESUMEN Se estudió la diversidad, riqueza y abundancia de Collembola, en el dosel de un bosque mesófilo en el Estado de Hidalgo, México, durante las estaciones lluviosa y seca de 2004 y 2005, mediante fumigaciones con Piretrinas naturales en tres áreas: una en la zona de borde cerca del camino, otra ubicada a una distancia intermedia, y la tercera en la zona más interna y conservada. Se recolectó un total de 5267 colémbolos representando once familias y 22 géneros, de ellos 4377 (83 %) corresponden a la temporada de lluvias, y 890 (17 %) a la de sequía. Las familias con mayor abundancia fueron Hypogasturidae (con casos como Schoettella distincta y Xenylla sp.), Entomobryidae (Entomobrya sp., Orchesella sp. y Willowsia mexicana), Paronellidae (Salina sp.) y Dicyrtomidae (Dicyrtoma sp.). En la zona interna se recolectaron 1586 (30 %) colémbolos y la mayor abundancia se registró en la zona intermedia, con 2157 (41 %) especímenes. Los valores menores fueron para el área de borde con 1527 (29 %) ejemplares. Se calcularon también los índices de diversidad y equitatividad, y el efecto de la temporada de recolección y sitio sobre la abundancia. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la abundancia, composición y diversidad de las comunidades en las dos estaciones, y el efecto de borde también tiene una influencia significativa en la composición de la comunidad de colémbolos del dosel, con mayor cantidad de grupos considerados como cosmopolitas en la zona de borde.

ABSTRACT Diversity, richness, and abundance of Collembola communities from the canopy of a montane cloud forest at Hidalgo State, Mexico were studied, through the rainy and drought seasons in 2004 and 2005, using natural piretrine insecticide in three areas: one at the border close to the road, a second one at an intermediate distance, and a third one in the internal and better preserved area. A total of 5267 springtails from eleven families and 22 genera were obtained, of them, 4377 (83 %) belong to the rainy season, and 890 (17 %) at drought. Most abundant families were Hypogasturidae (with cases such as Schoettella distincta and Xenylla sp.), Entomobryidae (Entomobrya sp., Orchesella sp. and Willowsia mexicana), Paronellidae (Salina sp.), and Dicyrtomidae (Dicyrtoma sp.). In the internal area, 1586 (30 %) springtails were collected, the highest abundance was presented at the intermediate area with 2157 (41 %) specimens. The lowest amount was recorded at the border area with 1527 (29 %). Diversity and equitability indexes were calculated and the effect of sampling season and site on the abundance of Collembola were estimated. A significant variation in composition, abundance, and diversity of the community was observed between both seasons, and the border effect has a significant influence in springtails composition in the canopy, with more cosmopolite groups in the border area.

Resumen Introducción: Los colémbolos epiedáficos participan en una amplia variedad de servicios ecosistémicos relacionados con la disponibilidad de nutrientes para las plantas, el almacenamiento y la regulación del agua, la estabilidad del suelo y el control de la humedad y el pH necesarios para la fertilidad de los suelos. Por esta razón, los colémbolos epiedáficos se consideran como organismos sensibles a los cambios generados en el uso del suelo. Objetivo: Comparar la fauna epiedáfica de dos tipos de vegetación introducida: pastos y plantaciones de Eucalyptus pellita en una región de los Llanos Orientales de Colombia. Métodos: La recolección de los colémbolos se realizó en áreas con cobertura de pastos introducidos y áreas forestadas de diferentes edades, con trampas pitfall que contenían Propilenglicol al 40 % como preservante; durante la época seca y la época húmeda. Se comparó la riqueza efectiva de géneros y se explicó su composición en función de 14 variables ambientales y dasométricas mediante un análisis de redundancia (RDA). Resultados: La colembofauna estuvo compuesta por Entomobryomorpha (62 %), Poduromorpha (17 %) y Symphypleona (21.1 %) representados en 12 familias y 26 géneros. La riqueza efectiva de géneros fue significativamente mayor en los pastos que en las plantaciones de E. pellita, pero la abundancia no disminuye significativamente, con excepción de las plantaciones jóvenes durante la época seca. El ensamblaje de colémbolos observados en el área se relacionó principalmente con el desarrollo de cobertura forestal, la disponibilidad de materia orgánica alrededor de la trampa y el contenido de Nitrógeno en el suelo. Conclusiones: Las áreas forestadas permitieron un ensamblaje de colémbolos, menos diverso que las pasturas, pero compuesto tanto por especies adaptadas a áreas abiertas, como de las áreas naturales boscosas circundantes.

Abstract Introduction: Epiedaphic springtails participate in a wide variety of services linked to plant nutrient availability, water storage and regulation, soil stability and control of moisture and pH necessary for soil fertility. Therefore, epiedaphic springtails are sensitive to soil use change. Objective: To compare diversity of epiedaphic springtails in two types of introduced vegetation: pastures and forestations of Eucalyptus pellita in a region of the Colombian eastern plans. Methods: Springtails were collected from introduced pastures and young, middle and mature forested areas of E. pellita, using pitfall traps containing Propylene Glycol (40 %) as preservative, during one dry and one wet season. Alfa and Beta diversity were compared at genus level, and community composition was explained using a set of 14 environmental variables through a redundancy analysis (RDA). Results: Epiedaphic springtails were represented by Entomobryomorpha (62 %), Poduromorpha (17 %) and Symphypleona (21.1 %), 12 families and 26 genera. Effective number of Collembola genera was lower in plantations but abundance was different only in young plantations during dry season. The variables related to forest coverage, soil organic matter coverage and Nitrogen better explained the observed genera assemblage. Conclusions: Forest plantations allowed an assembly of springtails less diverse than in pastures; but comprised both types of genera, those proper of open areas and those from surrounding natural wooded areas.

Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto que produce el impacto antrópico sobre la estructura de la comunidad de colémbolos, tres usos diferentes del suelo fueron investigados: campos de agricultura (AG) con 50 años de agricultura continua, pasturas ingresando al ciclo agrícola (CG) y campos naturalizados (NG). El estudio fue llevado a cabo en campos de los partidos de Chivilcoy (34°53'49 S, 60°01'09 W, elev. 60 m) y Navarro de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Para cada uno de los tres usos del suelo, tres campos fueron seleccionados como réplicas. Cada muestreo consistió en tres muestras de suelo por réplica y por fecha de muestreo (10) para un total de 216 muestras recolectadas y analizadas. Los colémbolos fueron extraídos de las muestras e identificados a nivel de familia. Se identificaron cinco familias: Hypogastruridae, Onychiuridae, Isotomidae, Entomobryidae y Katiannidae. Los suelos fueron además caracterizados mediante análisis físicos y químicos. Con los datos biológicos se calculó el índice de grado de cambio de la diversidad de colémbolos. Los resultados muestran que el índice biológico del grado de cambio puede detectar los efectos del uso del suelo sobre la comunidad de colémbolos. Sorpresivamente, el índice muestra que la diversidad de colémbolos medida a través del índice de grado de cambio es más alta en los sitios de mayor impacto antrópico (AG), seguido de CG y la menor diversidad en el sitio de menor impacto (NG). Los resultados muestran además que las familias de colémbolos responden de manera diferente al uso del suelo. Las familias Hypogastruridae, Onychiuridae e Isotomidae presentaron diferencias entre los usos. En consecuencia, la estructura de la comunidad de colémbolos puede ser una herramienta útil para evaluar el impacto en el suelo de las prácticas agrícolas.

In order to evaluate the effects of the anthropic impact on the structure of de soil collembolan community, three different soil uses were researched: agricultural fields (AG) with 50 years of continuous farming, pastures entering the agricultural cycle (CG), and naturalized grasslands (NG). The study was carried out in fields of Chivilcoy (34°53'49 S, 60°01'09 W, elev. 60 m) and Navarro (34°51'30 S, 59°12'25 W, elev. 43 m), Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. For each of the three uses, three fields were selected as replicates, with three soil samples per replicate and sample date (10) for a total of 216 samples analyzed. Collembolans (Hexapoda: Collembola) were extracted and identified to family level. Five families were found: Hypogastruridae, Onychiuridae, Isotomidae, Entomobryidae, and Katiannidae. Soils were also characterized by means of physical and chemical analyses. The index of degree of change of collembolan diversity was calculated with the biological data. The results show that the biological index of degree of change can detect soil use effects on the collembolan community. Somewhat surprisingly, the index showed that the diversity of collembolans was higher in the high anthropic impact site AG, followed by CG and lowest in NG. The results also show that collembolan families respond differently to soil use. The families Hypogastruridae, Onychiuridae, and Isotomidae presented differences between systems. Therefore, collembolan community structure can be a useful tool to assess agricultural practices´ impacts on soil.

Resumo O estudo da alimentação de peixes é uma importante ferramenta para avaliar diferentes níveis de degradação ambiental, uma vez que a disponibilidade de alimentos no ambiente é um fator-chave para a ocorrência de peixes. A remoção da vegetação ripária geralmente causa uma grande perda de qualidade ambiental, uma vez que essa vegetação tem um importante papel em gerar energia para o ecossistema. Nós investigamos os efeitos da remoção da vegetação ripária sobre a rede trófica das assembleias de peixes. Nosso estudo foi conduzido em dois trechos de um riacho do sudeste brasileiro, um em um fragmento florestal e outro em uma pastagem, durante as estações chuvosa e seca de 2014. Analisamos os itens consumidos por cada espécie de peixe utilizando a frequência de ocorrência e a área de cada item, que foram combinados para o cálculo do índice alimentar, o qual foi utilizado para determinar o valor médio da sobreposição de nicho alimentar da assembleia e o índice de especialização da rede trófica. As redes tróficas dos dois trechos foram dominadas por Hexapoda aquáticos, detritos vegetais e matéria orgânica. Observamos maiores valores de sobreposição de nicho alimentar no trecho florestado e redes tróficas mais complexas no trecho de pastagem. Verificamos poucas variações sazonais nos itens consumidos e índices calculados em ambos os trechos estudados. A presença de capim nas margens do trecho de pastagem e a importação de recursos alimentares da área à montante pode ter oferecido uma maior diversidade de recursos e, consequentemente, a assembleia de peixes apresentou rede trófica mais complexa quando comparada ao trecho florestado.

Abstract The study of the diet of fish is an important tool to assess different levels of environmental degradation, since the availability of food in the environment is a key factor for the fish occurrence. The removal of riparian vegetation usually degrades environmental quality, as this vegetation has an important role in providing energy to the ecosystem. This study investigates the effects of the removal of riparian vegetation on the fish assemblage trophic network. The study was carried out in two stretches of a southeastern Brazilian stream, one in a forest fragment and another in a pasture, during the wet and dry seasons of 2014. We analyzed the items consumed by each fish species using the frequency of occurrence and area of each item, which were combined to calculate the alimentary index, which was used to determine the food niche overlap of the fish and the specialization index of the trophic network. Aquatic Hexapoda, vegetal debris and organic matter dominated the trophic network of the two stretches. We detected higher values of food niche overlap in the forested stretch and more complex trophic networks in the pasture stretch. We found few seasonal variations in the items consumed and calculated indices in both stretches studied. The presence of grass on the banks in the pasture stretch and the importation of food resources from the upstream area may have provided a higher diversity of resources and consequently showed a more complex trophic network when compared to the forested stretch.

Resumo Em ecossistemas lóticos é comum a formação de diferentes mesohabitats intercalados ao longo do rio, como poções, corredeiras e rápidos, frequentemente acompanhados de alterações na estrutura da fauna bentônica associada. No trabalho analisamos a fauna de invertebrados bentônicos em rápidos e corredeiras de um trecho de serra do Rio Capivara (Bacia do Médio Rio Tietê). A análise das características ambientais e a coleta da fauna foram realizadas em três corredeiras e três rápidos, em um mês da estação chuvosa (cinco réplicas de cada). Os mesohabitats se diferenciaram quanto ao maior porcentual de blocos nos rápidos e maiores valores de profundidade, correnteza e porcentual de matacões nas corredeiras. Do total de 57 Unidades Taxonômicas Operacionais (UTO's) amostradas, 75% foram comuns aos dois mesohabitats (Similaridade de Morisita = 0,86). Quando analisado o porcentual de abundância, a similaridade espacial se manteve e dois grupos se sobressaíram em abundância: Hexapoda (>80%, sendo a maioria Ephemeroptera, Diptera e Trichoptera) e Annelida (10%). As análises exploratórias (cluster e NMDS) também apontaram para uma elevada similaridade espacial, porém os resultados da Análise de Similaridade (ANOSIM) indicaram uma diferença significativa entre os mesohabitats (p<0,1%), seja analisando o total de UTO's ou retirando as UTO's raras. Cinco grupos tiveram uma maior contribuição para a média de dissimilaridade entre os mesohabitats: Simulium e Baetodes mais abundantes nas corredeiras, Traveryphes, Hagenulopsis e Macrelmis nos rápidos. Assim, os resultados da ANOSIM salientaram a importância do refinamento na identificação para a interpretação mais precisa acerca da relação entre a fauna e a estrutura do habitat.

Abstract The formation of different mesohabitats, such as pools, riffles and runs, is common along the courses of stream ecosystems, and these are frequently accompanied by changes in the benthic fauna structure. In this paper, we analyzed the fauna of benthic invertebrates in riffles and runs of a stretch of the Capivara River (Middle Tietê River Basin). The analyses of the environmental characteristics and samplings of the fauna were performed in three riffles and three runs (five replicates in each) within a month of the rainy season. The mesohabitats differed with respect to the higher percentage of cobble in the runs and greater depth, current and number of boulders in the riffles. Of the total of 57 Operational Taxonomic Unities (OTU's) sampled, 75% were common to both mesohabitats (Morisita Similarity = 0.86). When the percentage of abundance by mesohabitat was analyzed, spatial similarity remained with Hexapoda (> 80%, mainly represented by Ephemeroptera, Diptera and Trichoptera) and Annelida (10%) standing out in abundance. The exploratory analysis (cluster and NMDS) found high spatial similarity, but the results of the Analysis of Similarity (ANOSIM) indicated a significant difference between the mesohabitats (p <0.1%), both when the total OTU's were analyzed or when removing the rare ones. Five groups contributed more greatly to the average dissimilarity between mesohabitats: Simulium and Baetodes were more abundant in riffles, while Traveryphes, Hagenulopsis and Macrelmis were more abundant in runs. Thus, the results of ANOSIM stressed the importance of refining identification for a more precise interpretation of the relationship between fauna and habitat structure.

Resumen: Se describe una nueva especie, Eutrichocampa (Idiocampa) durangensis, hallada en los estados de Durango y Zacatecas. Dicha especie, de hábitos hemiedáficos, presenta caracteres que la relacionan con E. (I.) remyi de la República de Macedonia. Entre los caracteres que las diferencian, el más importante es la presencia en E. (I) durangensis de 1 + 1 macrosedas laterales posteriores en los segmentos abdominales IV-VII, ausente en E. (I.) remyi.

Abstract: A new species from Durango and Zacatecas, Eutrichocampa (Idiocampa) durangensis, is described and illustrated. This species presents characters that relate it to E. (I.) remyi from Macedonia Republic. The most relevant character to distinguish them is the presence of 1 + 1 macrosetae (lp) on abdominal segments IV-VII in E. (I.) durangensis, absent in E. (I.) remyi.

Abstract The present study shows spatial patterns in the faunal assemblage of decaying wood and sediments, with emphasis on the polychaetes. The survey was executed across a salinity gradient in a tropical mangrove estuary of Costa Rica. To capture the organisms we analyzed decomposing logs found in the Térraba mangrove and sediment samples were taken with a corer in the sand bottom. Seven different phyla were found in the sediment samples. Of the 192 individuals found in the sediment samples, 18 were polychaetes belonging to nine families and 11 species. Analyses of decaying wood resulted in 2 564 individuals distributed in five phyla. Polychaetes accounted for 429 individuals belonging to eight families and 16 species. Although, polychaetes were more abundant in decaying wood, and their diversity was lower. The abundance of polychaetes in decaying wood was negatively correlated with the number of individuals of Mollusca, Hexapoda and Crustacea. A change in the composition of polychaetes in decaying wood was found along the salinity gradient of this estuarine zone. Dissimilarities in the composition of benthic fauna in decaying wood and sediments in the Térraba mangrove showed that biodiversity was increased by the microhabitats inside the mangrove forest. Finally, several genera or species of polychaetes are new records for Costa Rica and the Central American Pacific Coast. Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (Suppl. 1): 61-74. Epub 2015 April 01.

Resumen Este artículo presenta datos sobre los taxones de fauna, con énfasis en poliquetos; hallados en madera en descomposición y sedimentos. El estudio se realizó a través de un gradiente de salinidad dentro de un manglar estuarino de Costa Rica. Se capturaron los organismos destruyendo los leños encontrados en el piso del manglar Térraba. También, se sacó muestras de sedimento con un cilindro plástico. Se encontraron siete filos diferentes en las muestras del sedimento. De los 192 individuos encontrados, 18 eran poliquetos, con nueve familias y 11 especies. Al inspeccionar las muestras de madera en descomposición se encontró 2 564 individuos, distribuidos en cinco filos. Los poliquetos sumaron 429 individuos en ocho familias y 16 especies. Aunque los poliquetos fueron más abundantes en la madera deteriorada, su diversidad fue mayor en las muestras de sedimento. La abundancia de poliquetos en los leños se asoció negativamente con el número de individuos de Mollusca, Hexapoda y Crustacea. Se encontró que el gradiente de salinidad explica en gran medida el cambio en la composición de fauna. La disimilitud en la composición de fauna bentónica hallada en la madera deteriorada y los sedimentos en el manglar de Térraba, indicó que la biodiversidad aumenta al interior del manglar, gracias a la diversidad de micro hábitats. Finalmente varios géneros o especies de poliquetos son nuevos registros para Costa Rica y en general para la Costa Pacífica Centroamericana.

A fauna de abelhas euglossinas da região de Tarapoto, nordeste do Peru, foi amostrada com o uso de dezessete diferentes iscas aromáticas para atrair machos dessas abelhas. Seiscentos e cinquenta e nove machos pertencentes a 41 espécies foram coletados com rede entomológica durante 120 horas de amostragem no final de julho e início de agosto de 2012. Euglossa dressleriMoure, 1968, Euglossa laurensiBembé, 2008, e Euglossa maculilabrisMoure, 1968, três espécies pertencentes ao grupo Euglossa cybelia, foram registradas para o Peru pela primeira vez. Amostragens esporádicas prévias na área, não publicadas, registraram a ocorrência de doze espécies adicionais, não amostradas no presente estudo. Com 53 espécies registradas, a região de Tarapoto torna-se a área mais rica conhecida em abelhas euglossinas em toda a região Neotropical. A diversidade, estimada pelo índice de diversidade de Shannon-Wiener (H′ = 3,02), é também a mais alta já registrada para esse grupo de abelhas.

The orchid-bee fauna of the region of Tarapoto, northeastern Peru, was surveyed using seventeen different scents as baits to attract orchid-bee males. Six hundred and fifty-nine males belonging to 41 species were actively collected with insect nets during 120 hours in late July and early August, 2012. Euglossa dressleriMoure, 1968, Euglossa laurensiBembé, 2008, and Euglossa maculilabrisMoure, 1968, three species belonging to the Euglossa cybelia species-group, are here reported for Peru for the first time. Previous sporadic and unpublished samplings in the area recorded eleven additional species. With 53 species, the region of Tarapoto can be considered the richest single site in the Neotropics for orchid bees. Diversity, estimated with the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′ = 3.02), was also the highest ever recorded for orchid bees.