INTRODUCTION: Iron deficiency anaemia may be responsible for diverse oral mucosa changes due to the reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells, but also due to changes in the oral mucosal structure and defence mechanisms AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study aims to report on three patients with iron deficiency anaemia who presented with distinct oral mucosal clinical features DESIGN/METHODS: The oral mucosal features of three patients who presented at the University of Pretoria Oral Health Centre with iron deficiency anaemia, of variable causes, were recorded. Special investigations were performed and reflected their degree of iron deflciency. The patients were managed collaboratively with their respective physicians to address the underlying cause of anaemia RESULTS: These cases demonstrate that dentists should explore the presence of anaemia to explain oral mucosal changes. Anaemia may present with wide-ranging clinical features, from recurrent to persistent oral ulcers, mucosal pallor, and Candida infection. Collaboration with attending physicians may help establish the cause of anaemia as a nutritional deflciency, gastric ulceration, or infective and inflammatory disease CONCLUSIONS: Dentists are pivotal in diagnosing haematological diseases such as iron deflciency anaemia. The oral features of ulceration, glossitis, Candida infection and mucosal pallor are important diagnostic indicators of iron deflciency anaemia

Resumen El cáncer gástrico es un proceso fatal cuyos factores de riesgo incluyen la infección por Helicobacter pylori, la anemia perniciosa, la ingesta de compuestos nitrosos, el abuso de alcohol, el tabaquismo y el sexo masculino. El seguimiento endoscópico ha definido la progresión histológica de lesiones premalignas a lesiones malignas. Sin embargo, los tumores gástricos exhiben diferentes y muy variadas variaciones histológicas, comportamientos clínicos y respuestas a tratamiento. Esta gran heterogeneidad intrapaciente e interpaciente ha obligado a la búsqueda de principios reguladores que gobiernen la evolución del cáncer gástrico. Los programas avanzados de bioinformática, la tecnología de microarreglos de ADN y la genómica funcional han ayudado a integrar la estructura, función y dinámica de moléculas biológicas expresadas o secretadas por las células epiteliales cancerosas que han modificado la clasificación del cáncer gástrico.

Abstract Gastric cancer is a fatal process whose risk factors include infection by Helicobacter pylori, pernicious anemia, nitroso compounds, alcohol abuse, cigarette smoking, and male gender. Endoscopic surveillance has defined the histological progression of premalignant to malignant lesions. Nevertheless, gastric tumors exhibit distinct histologic variations, clinical behaviors, and treatment responses. This “intra and interpatient heterogeneity” has obliged us to search for key principles governing gastric cancer evolution. Advanced bioinformatics programs, DNA microarray technology, and functional genomics have helped to integrate the structure, function, and dynamics of biological molecules expressed or secreted by cancer epithelial cells that have modified the classification of gastric cancer.

RESUMEN Latinoamérica presenta una alta prevalencia de infección por Helicobacter pylori (Hp). Entre 1996-2003 la prevalencia en Santiago de Chile fue del 70%; estudios recientes presentan una disminución en esta infección. Actualizar la frecuencia de Hp es fundamental debido a su impacto en la salud asociado. Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo fue describir la tendencia de la infección por Hp en pacientes que asisten a endoscopía digestiva alta (EDA) ambulatoria en una población chilena. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo de pacientes mayores de 18 años que asistieron a una primera EDA con test rápido de ureasa entre 2010-2020. La tendencia en el tiempo fue descrita mediante análisis de series de tiempo. Se construyó un modelo Poisson para estimar el riesgo de infección, ajustado por edad y sexo. Resultados: Se incluyeron 11 355 pacientes [66,9% mujeres; edad media 52 años; Hp 41,6%]. El sexo masculino presentó una mayor frecuencia de infección por Hp [RR 1,13; (IC95%:1,08-1,18)]. La frecuencia de Hp disminuyó significativamente desde 45,1% en 2010 hasta 29% en 2020, con 36% menor probabilidad de presentar infección por Hp en 2020 con respecto al 2010 [RR 0,64; (IC95%:0,55-0,74)]. Se proyectó un descenso progresivo en la tendencia de infección por Hp hasta valores cercanos al 25% para el año 2025. Conclusión: Se observó una reducción significativa en la infección por Hp entre los años 2010-2020. Esta disminución pudiese ser explicada mediante la incorporación de políticas públicas de salud en la última década asociadas a cambios sociosanitarios.

ABSTRACT Latin America presents a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection. Between 1996-2003, the prevalence in Santiago, Chile, was 70%; recent studies indicate a decrease in this infection. Updating the frequency of Hp is crucial due to its associated health impact. Objective: Our objective was to describe the trend in Hp infection in patients undergoing ambulatory esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in a Chilean population. Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on patients over 18 years old who attended a first EGD with a rapid urease test between 2010-2020. Time trends were described through time series analysis. A Poisson model was constructed to estimate the risk of infection, adjusted for age and gender. Results: 11,355 patients were included [66.9% females; mean age 52 years; Hp 41.6%]. Male gender presented a higher frequency of Hp infection [RR 1.13; (95% CI: 1.08-1.18)]. Hp frequency infection decreased significantly from 45.1% in 2010 to 29% in 2020, with a 36% lower probability of Hp infection in 2020 compared to 2010 [RR 0.64; (95% CI: 0.55-0.74)]. A progressive decline in Hp infection trend was projected, reaching values close to 25% by year 2025. Conclusion: A significant reduction in Hp infection was observed between 2010-2020. This decrease could be explained by the implementation of public health policies in the last decade associated with socio-sanitary changes.

Resumo As bactérias foram isoladas de amostras de suco de maçã fresco de lojas de três diferentes localidades de Lahore. A análise de amostras dos mercados Liberty, Anarkali e Yateem khana mostram diferentes níveis de contaminação. Havia bactérias patogênicas e não patogênicas em todas as amostras e foram identificadas pelos testes morfológicos e bioquímicos. A maioria dos plasmídeos de bactérias patogênicas tinha 4 kb em seu tamanho molecular. A ribotipagem do sequenciamento do gene do RNA ribossômico 16S foi realizada para confirmar a cepa de Helicobacter pylori e Gluconobacter oxydans. A maior sensibilidade de 210 mm foi mostrada por Enterobacter sp. contra disco de azteromisina (15µg) enquanto Micrococcus sp. foi altamente resistente a todos os antibióticos aplicados. A resistência a antibióticos de bactérias patogênicas também foi verificada contra extratos de plantas de Ricinus communis, todos os patógenos bacterianos isolados foram resistentes, mas apenas E. coli foi inibida em 300µl dos extratos. A presença de bactérias patogênicas nas amostras de suco de maçã deveu-se à contaminação da água de esgoto na água potável, enquanto algumas dessas bactérias patogênicas vieram da árvore da maçã e outras de armazéns de frutas.

Abstract Bacteria were isolated from samples of Fresh Apple juices from shops of three different localities of Lahore. Analysis of samples from Liberty, Anarkali and Yateem khana Markets show different levels of contamination. There were pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria in all samples and were identified by the morphological and biochemical tests. Most of the plasmids of pathogenic bacteria were 4kb in their molecular size. Ribotyping of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was done to confirm Helicobacter pylori strain and Gluconobacter oxydans. The highest sensitivity of 210mm was shown by Enterobacter sp. against Aztheromysine disk (15µg) while Micrococcus sp. was highly resistant against all of the Antibiotics applied. The antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria was also checked against Ricinus communis plant's extracts, all isolated bacterial pathogens were resistant but only, E.coli was inhibited at 300µl of the extracts. Presence of pathogenic bacteria in Apple juice samples was due to contamination of sewage water in drinking water while some of these pathogenic bacteria came from Apple's tree and other from store houses of fruits.

Abstract Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most prevalent cancer in the world, and the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) can be mentioned among the CRC screening methods based on the detection of occult blood in the feces, which may indicate upper gastrointestinal (UGI) malignancies; therefore, patients with a positive FIT but normal colonoscopy may be considered for a UGI endoscopy. Materials and Methods The present study was conducted on patients with a positive FIT who were submitted to colonoscopy with normal results. They subsequently underwent endoscopy for the detection of UGI disorders. Results We included 121 patients (64.5% of women and 35.5% of men; average age: 58.85 ± 12.93 years), 72.7% of whom were positive for Helicobacter pylori. The predominant result of the UGI endoscopy was normal, followed by erythema of the gastric mucosa, and anemia and dyspepsia were the most common clinical findings. The most common pathological result was chronic gastritis, followed by acute gastritis. Only one patient presented stomach cancer (adenocarcinoma). Conclusion Considering the small prevalence of cancer in the UGI endoscopies of patients with positive FIT and normal colonoscopy, to the performance of UGI endoscopy in these patients may not be necessary. (CRC world (FIT feces (UGI malignancies therefore results disorders 12 64.5% 645 64 5 (64.5 355 35 35.5 men age 5885 58 85 58.8 1293 93 12.9 years, years , years) 727 72 7 72.7 pylori mucosa findings gastritis adenocarcinoma. adenocarcinoma . (adenocarcinoma) necessary 1 64.5 6 (64. 3 35. 588 8 58. 129 9 12. 72. (adenocarcinoma 64. (64 (6 (

ABSTRACT Background: Helicobacter pylori is an etiologic agent of gastroduodenal diseases. The microorganism, considered a type I carcinogen, affects about 50% of the global population. H. pylori virulence factors are determinant for the clinical outcome of the infection. The outer inflammatory protein A (oipA) gene encodes an outer membrane adhesin and is related to severe gastropathies, such as gastric cancer. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the oipA gene with the severity of gastroduodenal diseases in dyspeptic patients in region Central Brazil. Methods: The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine the presence of H. pylori. Samples positives were used for molecular screening of the oipA gene. Gastropathies were categorized as non-severe and severe diseases. Results: Approximately 68% of patients had H. pylori and 36% were infected with H. pylori oipA+ strains. Infection was significantly associated in patients aged over 44 years (P=0.004). However, there was no association between oipA and patients’ age (P=0.89). Approximately 46% of patients infected with oipA+ strains had some severe illness. Gastric adenocarcinoma was the most frequent severe gastropathy. The H. pylori oipA genotype was inversely associated with the severity of gastroduodenal diseases (OR=0.247, 95%CI: 0.0804-0.7149 and P=0.007). Conclusion: The characterization of possible molecular markers will contribute to personalized medicine, impacting the prognosis of patients. Background microorganism carcinogen 50 population H infection (oipA gastropathies cancer Objective Brazil Methods PCR (PCR nonsevere non Results 68 36 4 P=0.004. P0004 P P=0.004 . 0 004 (P=0.004) However P=0.89. P089 P=0.89 89 (P=0.89) 46 illness gastropathy OR=0.247, OR0247 OR 247 (OR=0.247 95%CI 95CI CI 95 0.08040.7149 0080407149 0.0804 0.7149 0804 7149 0.0804-0.714 P=0.007. P0007 P=0.007 007 P=0.007) Conclusion medicine 5 6 3 P000 P=0.00 00 (P=0.004 P08 P=0.8 8 (P=0.89 OR=0.247 OR024 24 (OR=0.24 9 08040 0.08040.714 008040714 00804 0.080 07149 0.714 080 714 0.0804-0.71 P00 P=0.0 (P=0.00 P0 P=0. (P=0.8 OR=0.24 OR02 2 (OR=0.2 0.08040.71 00804071 0080 0.08 0714 0.71 08 71 0.0804-0.7 (P=0.0 P=0 (P=0. OR=0.2 OR0 (OR=0. 0.08040.7 0080407 008 0.0 071 0.7 7 0.0804-0. P= (P=0 OR=0. (OR=0 0.08040. 008040 0. 07 0.0804-0 (P= OR=0 (OR= 0.08040 0.0804- (P OR= (OR

RESUMO Contexto: Helicobacter pylori é um agente etiológico de doenças gastroduodenais. O microrganismo, considerado cancerígeno tipo I, afeta cerca de 50% da população mundial. Os fatores de virulência do H. pylori são determinantes para o desfecho clínico da infecção. O gene da proteína inflamatória externa A (oipA) codifica uma adesina da membrana externa e está relacionado a gastropatias severas, como o câncer gástrico. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação do gene oipA com a gravidade das doenças gastroduodenais em pacientes dispépticos na região Brasil Central. Métodos: A reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) foi utilizada para determinar a presença de H. pylori. Amostras positivas foram utilizadas para triagem molecular do gene oipA. As gastropatias foram categorizadas como doenças não severas e severas. Resultados: Aproximadamente 68% dos pacientes apresentaram H. pylori e 36% estavam infectados com cepas H. pylori oipA+. A infecção foi significativamente associada em pacientes com idade superior a 44 anos (P=0,004). No entanto, não houve associação entre oipA e a idade dos pacientes (P=0,89). Aproximadamente 46% dos pacientes infectados com cepas oipA+ tiveram alguma doença severa. O adenocarcinoma gástrico foi a gastropatia severa mais frequente. O genótipo oipA de H. pylori foi inversamente associado à gravidade das doenças gastroduodenais (OR=0,247, IC95%: 0,0804-0,7149 P=0,007). Conclusão: A caracterização de possíveis marcadores moleculares contribuirá para a medicina personalizada, impactando no prognóstico dos pacientes. Contexto microrganismo I 50 mundial H (oipA Objetivo Central Métodos PCR (PCR Resultados 68 36 4 P=0,004. P0004 P P=0,004 . 0 004 (P=0,004) entanto P=0,89. P089 P=0,89 89 (P=0,89) 46 frequente OR=0,247, OR0247 OR 247 (OR=0,247 IC95% IC95 IC 0,08040,7149 0080407149 0,0804 0,7149 0804 7149 0,0804-0,714 P=0,007. P0007 P=0,007 007 P=0,007) Conclusão personalizada 5 6 3 P000 P=0,00 00 (P=0,004 P08 P=0,8 8 (P=0,89 OR=0,247 OR024 24 (OR=0,24 IC9 08040 0,08040,714 008040714 00804 0,080 07149 0,714 080 714 0,0804-0,71 P00 P=0,0 (P=0,00 P0 P=0, (P=0,8 OR=0,24 OR02 2 (OR=0,2 0,08040,71 00804071 0080 0,08 0714 0,71 08 71 0,0804-0,7 (P=0,0 P=0 (P=0, OR=0,2 OR0 (OR=0, 0,08040,7 0080407 008 0,0 071 0,7 7 0,0804-0, P= (P=0 OR=0, (OR=0 0,08040, 008040 0, 07 0,0804-0 (P= OR=0 (OR= 0,08040 0,0804- (P OR= (OR

ABSTRACT Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is widely spread globally and is known to cause potentially serious diseases. Several diagnostic methods exist to identify and treat carriers of this bacterium. Serological tests for the diagnosis of infection are based on the detection of antibodies immunoglobulin G against H. pylori, a non-invasive, inexpensive, and easy-to-perform option. Objective: This research aims to ascertain the accuracy of an immunochromatographic serological test to verify the feasibility of using this method in patients who have not undergone previous eradication therapy. Methods: Rapid tests and questionnaires were applied to 53 patients that underwent upper digestive endoscopy with research for H. pylori between the period of September and October 2021. The results were compared with histopathology. Results: In the rapid tests, seven positive and 46 negative results were obtained. When compared with the gold standard, the following values were described: sensitivity 54.5%, specificity 97.6%, positive predictive value 85.7%, and negative predictive value 89.1%. Conclusion: In the present study, the immunochromatographic serological tests had an accuracy close to the values found in other similar studies. Therefore, it may be concluded that the rapid serological test remains a reasonable choice for screening large populations due to its low cost and ease of application, especially in those individuals who have not undergone previous treatment. Background diseases bacterium H noninvasive, noninvasive non invasive, invasive non-invasive inexpensive easytoperform easy perform option Objective therapy Methods 5 2021 histopathology Results 4 obtained standard described 545 54 54.5% 976 97 6 97.6% 857 85 7 85.7% 891 89 1 89.1% Conclusion study studies Therefore application treatment 202 54.5 9 97.6 8 85.7 89.1 20 54. 97. 85. 89. 2

RESUMO Contexto: A infecção pelo Helicobacter pylori apresenta-se amplamente difundida globalmente e é comprovadamente causadora de patologias potencialmente graves. Diversos métodos diagnósticos existem com o propósito de identificar e tratar os portadores dessa bactéria. Testes sorológicos para diagnóstico da infecção se baseiam na detecção de anticorpos imunoglobulina G anti-H.pylori, sendo uma opção não-invasiva, barata e de fácil realização. Objetivo: O objetivo dessa pesquisa é determinar a acurácia de um teste sorológico imunocromatográfico para verificar a viabilidade do uso desse método em pacientes que não realizaram terapia de erradicação prévia. Métodos: Foram aplicados testes rápidos e questionários em 53 participantes que realizaram endoscopia digestiva alta com pesquisa de H. pylori entre o período de setembro e outubro de 2021. Os resultados foram comparados com a histopatologia. Resultados: Foram obtidos nos testes rápidos 7 resultados positivos e 46 negativos. Ao comparar com o padrão-ouro, os seguintes valores foram descritos: Sensibilidade 54,5%, especificidade 97,6%, valor preditivo positivo 85,7% e valor preditivo negativo 89,1%. No presente estudo, os testes sorológicos imunocromatográficos tiveram acurácia próxima aos valores encontrados em outros trabalhos semelhantes. Conclusão: Sendo assim, conclui-se que o teste rápido sorológico permanece como escolha razoável para screening de grandes populações devido ao seu baixo custo e facilidade de aplicação, especialmente naqueles indivíduos que não realizaram tratamento prévio. Contexto apresentase apresenta graves bactéria antiH.pylori, antiHpylori anti H.pylori, H anti-H.pylori nãoinvasiva, nãoinvasiva invasiva, invasiva não-invasiva realização Objetivo prévia Métodos 5 2021 histopatologia Resultados 4 negativos padrãoouro, padrãoouro padrão ouro, ouro padrão-ouro descritos 545 54 54,5% 976 97 6 97,6% 857 85 85,7 891 89 1 89,1% estudo semelhantes Conclusão assim concluise conclui aplicação prévio antiH antiH.pylori Hpylori H.pylori 202 54,5 9 97,6 8 85, 89,1 20 54, 97, 89, 2

BACKGROUND: Oesophageal atresia (OA) is one of the most common congenital gastrointestinal (GI) abnormalities. Due to advances in multidisciplinary care, early prognosis has improved with emphasis shifting to the long-term impact of this disease. Literature suggests a higher incidence of Barrett's and eosinophilic oesophagitis in these children, with an increased risk of oesophageal carcinoma. Guidelines for adults born with OA include routine endoscopy and lifelong screening of the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Despite this, uncertainty remains regarding the necessity and frequency of endoscopic surveillance for children born with OA. We describe our endoscopic findings in children born with OA METHOD: A prospective analytic cohort study was undertaken, which included all children born with OA, that were followed-up in our unit between 2020 and 2022. History regarding feeding and GI symptoms were documented after which an endoscopy was performed RESULTS: During the study period, 37 endoscopies were performed in patients born with OA at a median age of 25 months. The most common clinical appearance on endoscopy was anastomotic strictures followed by oesophagitis. Twelve patients had biopsies taken, with abnormal histology in all but one patient. The most common histological finding was oesophagitis with lymphocytes and chronic gastritis. Two patients had Helicobacter Pylori infection, and one had findings suggestive of eosinophilic oesophagitis CONCLUSION: All patients with a clinical indication for an endoscopy had abnormal clinical or histological findings, thus concurring with the literature in highlighting the need for regular endoscopy. We recommend regular clinical follow-up and endoscopic surveillance if clinically indicated for children born with OA

In this report, we designed and synthesized ten N-(R-phenyl)-3-carboxamide-coumarin derivatives (2a-2j), exploring the coumarin nucleus, and an R-phenyl group as a structural scaffold and a peptide bond as a linker between them. The structure-activity relationships were investigated with different R-substituents (H, Br, NO2, Cl) in ortho, meta, or para positions from the phenyl group. Coumarins were obtained in good yields (72-95%), and in vitro screening against Canavalia ensiformis urease showed potential inhibitory percentages ranging from 42 to 65%. Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were determined for the best compounds 2b (R = 2-Br) and 2d (R = 4-Br). After conducting molecular docking and molecular dynamics on urease from C. ensiformis and Helicobacter pylori, potential binding modes for the most effective compounds 2b and 2d showed that these derivatives are able to interact with the crucial residue Cys592, thereby blocking the access of the urea substrate to the active site. According to density functional theory (DFT) calculations, 4-Br substitution on H. pylori urease was necessary for interacting with catalytic amino acids on the active site. report NRphenyl3carboxamidecoumarin NRphenylcarboxamidecoumarin N R 3 carboxamide 2a2j, 2a2j aj 2a 2j , j (2a-2j) nucleus Rphenyl them structureactivity structure activity Rsubstituents substituents H, H (H Br NO2 NO Cl ortho meta 7295%, 7295 72 95% 95 (72-95%) 4 65 65% Halfmaximal Half maximal IC50 IC (IC50 b 2Br 2 2-Br d 4Br. 4Br . 4-Br) C Cys592 Cys site DFT (DFT calculations NRphenyl carboxamidecoumarin (2a-2j 7295% 729 7 9 (72-95% 6 IC5 (IC5 Cys59 (72-95 (IC Cys5 (72-9 (72- (72 (7 (

ABSTRACT Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium associated with the etiology of several gastrointestinal tract pathologies, and cagA-positive (cagA+) strains are found in populations with gastric ulcers and precancerous lesions, inducing pro-inflammatory responses. The development of neoplasms is related to microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation, indicating highly expressed miRNA-629. The article aims to correlate the expression level of miRNA-629 with the presence of H. pylori and the pathogenicity marker cagA. Methods: 203 gastric biopsy samples were evaluated from individuals with normal gastric tissue (n=60), gastritis (n=96), and gastric cancer (n=47) of both genders and over 18 years old. The samples were subdivided according to the presence or absence of H. pylori, detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RNA was extracted using a commercial kit and quantified. Complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized using commercial kits, and the relative expression was calculated using the 2-ΔΔCt method. Results: Individuals infected with H. pylori are nine times more likely to develop gastric cancer. Cancer patients appeared to have decreased expression of miRNA-629; however, the presence of the bacterium would not influence this reduction. Individuals in the cancer group showed lower miRNA-629 expression when cagA+; however, in the control group, the expression was higher when cagA+. Conclusion: H. pylori is a factor involved in the etiology and progression of gastric diseases. Reduction in miRNA-629 expression in cancer patients occurs independent of the presence of the bacterium, but when the cagA pathogenicity marker is present, it induces changes in the gene expression of the respective miRNA. Background H (H gramnegative gram negative pathologies cagApositive positive cagA+ (cagA+ lesions proinflammatory pro inflammatory responses miRNA (miRNA dysregulation miRNA629. miRNA629 629. 629 miRNA-62 Methods 20 n=60, n60 n n=60 , 60 (n=60) n=96, n96 n=96 96 (n=96) n=47 n47 47 (n=47 1 old PCR. PCR . (PCR) quantified cDNA (cDNA kits 2ΔΔCt ΔΔCt 2 method Results however reduction Conclusion diseases present (cagA miRNA62 62 miRNA-6 n6 n=6 6 (n=60 n9 n=9 9 (n=96 n=4 n4 4 (n=4 (PCR miRNA6 miRNA- n= (n=6 (n=9 (n= (n

RESUMO Contexto: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) é uma bactéria gram-negativa associada à etiologia de várias patologias do trato gastrointestinal, e cepas positivas para cagA (cagA+) são encontradas em populações com úlceras gástricas e lesões pré-cancerígenas, induzindo respostas pró-inflamatórias. O desenvolvimento de neoplasias está relacionado à desregulação do microRNA (miRNA), indicando miRNA-629 altamente expresso. O artigo tem como objetivo correlacionar o nível de expressão do miRNA-629 com a presença de H. pylori e o marcador de patogenicidade cagA. Métodos: Foram avaliadas 203 amostras de biópsia gástrica de indivíduos com tecido gástrico normal (n=60), gastrite (n=96) e câncer gástrico (n=47) de ambos os sexos e com mais de 18 anos. As amostras foram subdivididas de acordo com a presença ou ausência de H. pylori, detectado por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). O RNA foi extraído usando um kit comercial e quantificado. O DNA complementar (cDNA) foi sintetizado usando kits comerciais, e a expressão relativa foi calculada usando o método 2-ΔΔCt. Resultados: Indivíduos infectados com H. pylori têm nove vezes mais chances de desenvolver câncer gástrico. Pacientes com câncer parecem ter diminuição da expressão do miRNA-629; no entanto, a presença da bactéria não influenciaria essa redução. Indivíduos no grupo do câncer apresentaram menor expressão do miRNA-629 quando cagA+; no entanto, no grupo controle, a expressão foi maior quando cagA+. Conclusão: H. pylori é um fator envolvido na etiologia e progressão das doenças gástricas. A redução na expressão do miRNA-629 em pacientes com câncer ocorre independentemente da presença da bactéria, mas quando o marcador de patogenicidade cagA está presente, induz mudanças na expressão gênica do respectivo miRNA. Contexto H (H gramnegativa gram negativa gastrointestinal cagA+ (cagA+ précancerígenas, précancerígenas pré cancerígenas, cancerígenas pré-cancerígenas próinflamatórias. próinflamatórias pró inflamatórias. inflamatórias pró-inflamatórias miRNA, miRNA , (miRNA) miRNA629 629 miRNA-62 expresso Métodos 20 n=60, n60 n n=60 60 (n=60) n=96 n96 96 (n=96 n=47 n47 47 (n=47 1 anos PCR. PCR . (PCR) quantificado cDNA (cDNA comerciais 2ΔΔCt. 2ΔΔCt ΔΔCt 2 ΔΔCt. 2-ΔΔCt Resultados entanto controle Conclusão presente (cagA (miRNA miRNA62 62 miRNA-6 n6 n=6 6 (n=60 n=9 n9 9 (n=9 n=4 n4 4 (n=4 (PCR miRNA6 miRNA- n= (n=6 (n= (n

ABSTRACT Association between Henoch-Schönlein purpura and Helicobacter pylori infection is rarely reported in the literature. We present a case of Henoch-Schönlein purpura with severe gastrointestinal manifestations, bradycardia and euthyroid sick syndrome, which resolved only after the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection.

Resumo Helicobacter pylori (HP) é um elemento vital na etiologia de úlceras pépticas e câncer gástrico. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo determinar a frequência, distribuição e determinantes da infecção por HP em adultos e adolescentes com sintomas gástricos no distrito de Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Paquistão. Este estudo transversal foi realizado de junho de 2018 a junho de 2020 no Departamento de Tecnologia de Laboratórios Médicos da Universidade de Haripur, Paquistão. A presença de HP foi uma variável de pesquisa, enquanto sexo, faixas etárias, escolaridade, superlotação, hábitos alimentares, ingestão de leite, fonte de água potável e contato com animais foram variáveis de agrupamento. A técnica imunocromatográfica (TIC) foi utilizada para a detecção sorológica de anticorpos para HP. Todas as variáveis foram representadas por frequência e percentual com IC 95%. A prevalência de HP e sua distribuição por oito variáveis sociodemográficas foi comprovada pelo teste de ajuste do qui-quadrado, enquanto a associação foi verificada pelo teste de associação do qui-quadrado. Do total de 1.160 casos, 557 (48%) foram positivos para HP. A prevalência populacional foi maior em homens, na faixa etária de 20 a 40 anos, analfabetos, família ≤ 10 pessoas, consumindo comida de restaurante, usando tetra pack, usando água municipal e tendo contato com animais. A prevalência observada de HP foi semelhante à sua prevalência esperada na população. A distribuição observada de HP na amostra foi diferente de sua distribuição esperada na população por oito variáveis sociodemográficas. A presença de HP foi associada a todas as oito variáveis sociodemográficas além das faixas etárias.

Abstract Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a vital element in the etiology of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. This research aimed to determine the frequency, distribution, and determinants of HP infection in adults and adolescents with gastric symptoms in district Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This cross-sectional study was performed from June 2018 to June 2020 at the Medical Laboratory Technology Department, The University of Haripur, Pakistan. Presence of HP was a research variable, while sex, age groups, education status, overcrowding, dining habits, milk intake, drinking water source and animal contact were grouping variables. Immuno-chromatographic technique (ICT) was used to for serological detection of HP antibodies. All variables were represented by frequency and percentage with 95%CI. Prevalence of HP and its distribution by eight socio-demographic variables was testified by the chi-square goodness-of-fit test while association was testified by chi-square test of association. Out of total 1160 cases, 557 (48%) were positive for HP. Population prevalence was higher in men, in the age group 20-40 years, illiterate, family size ≤ 10 persons, taking restaurant food, using tetra pack, using municipal water, and having animal contact. The observed prevalence of HP was similar to its expected prevalence in the population. The observed distribution of HP in the sample was different from its expected distribution in population by eight socio-demographic variables. Presence of HP was associated with all eight socio-demographic variables besides age groups.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To analyze clinical and endoscopic aspects of dyspeptic patients submitted to upper endoscopy in a reference center in the interior of Maranhão, Brazil. Methods: Observational, descriptive, and analytical research through interviews and endoscopic reports of 80 patients with dyspeptic complaints submitted to upper endoscopy. Results: Among the respondents, 66.25% were women, most were aged ≥ 40 years old and had epigastric pain as their main symptom, and 29.75% had no appropriate indication to perform upper endoscopy. Mild enanthematous gastritis of the antrum was the most frequent finding, and 92.5% had non-significant findings. Rapid urease test was positive in 25%. The following findings showed a statistically significant correlation (p < 0.05): age < 40 years old, female gender, and gastric lesion with positive urease test; smoking with gastric lesion and age less than 40 years old with normal examination. Patients with significant findings had appropriate indications for upper endoscopy. Conclusions: The correct indication of upper endoscopy is essential for satisfactory endoscopic yields and accurate diagnosis. Purpose Maranhão Brazil Methods Observational descriptive 8 Results respondents 6625 66 25 66.25 women 4 symptom 2975 29 75 29.75 finding 925 92 5 92.5 nonsignificant non 25% p 0.05 005 0 05 0.05) gender examination Conclusions diagnosis 662 6 2 66.2 297 7 29.7 9 92. 0.0 00 66. 29. 0.

RESUMO As Helicobacter não Helicobacter pylori (HNHP) são responsáveis por causar gastrite moderada e severa em seres humanos; além disso, são espécies que já são documentadas na cavidade oral de felinos. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a evidência de Helicobacter spp. em gatos domésticos necropsiados, na região central do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, utilizaram-se 30 cadáveres de gatos, cujas amostras de estômago, fígado e bile foram submetidas ao teste rápido de urease (TRU), à análise histopatológica, ao PCR e ao sequenciamento de nucleotídeos, para demonstrar a presença de material genético e identificar o principal grupo filogenético. No TRU, 64,2% dos pacientes foram positivos no corpo gástrico e 53,5% foram positivos no antro pilórico. Destes 15 pacientes, 10 eram machos (70%), sendo o resultado positivo no antro pilórico associado ao sexo masculino. Foram observadas alterações histopatológicas discretas na maioria das amostras gástricas e hepáticas. As amostras gástricas submetidas ao PCR foram positivas em 60,7%; já as hepáticas, em 17,8%; e em 3,5% das amostras de bile. Houve alta identidade de nucleotídeo com as espécies de HNHP. Conclui-se que existem evidências de que as HNHP podem ser encontradas nas regiões gástrica e hepática, incluindo a bile de gatos domésticos, destacando-se o potencial zoonótico da enfermidade. (HNHP humanos disso felinos spp necropsiados Sul tanto utilizaramse utilizaram se 3 estômago TRU , (TRU) histopatológica nucleotídeos filogenético 642 64 2 64,2 535 53 5 53,5 1 70%, 70 70% (70%) masculino hepáticas 60,7% 607 60 7 17,8% 178 17 8 35 3,5 Concluise Conclui hepática destacandose destacando enfermidade (TRU 6 64, 53, (70% 60,7 17,8 3, (70 60, 17, (7 (

ABSTRACT Non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacters(NHPH) account for causing moderate and severe gastritis in humans. Moreover, they have already been documented in the oral cavity of feline animals. The current study aims to investigate Helicobacter spp. incidence in necropsied domestic cats from central Rio Grande do Sul. Stomach, liver, and bile samples derived from 30 cats’ cadavers were subjected to rapid urease test (RUT), histopathological analysis, PCR, and nucleotide sequencing to investigate the genetic material presence and to identify the main phylogenetic group. Based on RUT results, 64.2% and 53.5% of patients were positive for gastric body and pyloric antrum, respectively. Ten out of these 15 patients were male (70%) and the positive result observed for the pyloric antrum was associated with males. Mild histopathological changes were observed in most gastric and liver samples. Gastric samples subjected to PCR presented positive results in 60.7%, whereas liver samples accounted for positive results in 17.8% and bile samples, in 3.5% of cases. There was high nucleotide identity with NHPH species. This study has found evidence that NHPH can be found in the gastric and hepatic regions, as in the bile of domestic cats, besides emphasizing the zoonotic potential of this disease NonHelicobacter Non HelicobactersNHPH Helicobacters Helicobacters(NHPH humans Moreover animals spp Sul Stomach 3 RUT, , (RUT) analysis group 642 64 2 64.2 535 53 5 53.5 respectively 1 70% 70 (70% males 607 60 7 60.7% 178 17 8 17.8 35 3.5 cases species regions (RUT 6 64. 53. (70 60.7 17. 3. (7 60. (