Resumen Introducción. En Ecuador el cultivo de fresa tiene una relevancia tanto económica como social y ha presentado un crecimiento significativo en los últimos años. Sin embargo, es susceptible a diferentes tipos de plagas y patógenos. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de Bacillus megaterium en el cultivo de fresa en variables relacionadas con la sanidad y el rendimiento agronómico. Materiales y métodos. El ensayo de campo se llevó a cabo en una plantación de fresa de la variedad Albion, de cuatro meses de edad desde la primera cosecha, en la provincia de Pichincha, Ecuador. Se utilizaron las cepas IB6 y AB4 de Bacillus megaterium a concentraciones de 1 × 109 y 5 × 108 UFC/L, comparadas con un testigo químico de captan (3 g/L) y clorotalonil (2 mL/L) como fungicidas, y abamectina (0,75 mL/L) y lambdacialotrina (0,3 mL/L) como insecticidas en rotación. Se empleó un diseño de parcela dividida con evaluaciones en dos tiempos, entre abril y junio de 2023; se evaluó la incidencia y el índice de severidad de Botrytis cinerea, peso fresco, rendimiento, diámetros y grados Brix de frutos. Resultados. No hubo interacción entre los factores tratamientos y tiempo; los tiempos evaluados no mostraron diferencia estadística. El factor de tratamientos presentó diferencia estadística para variables de sanidad e interés agronómico. La incidencia de B. cinerea en tratamientos biológicos fue la menor, con 13 % en promedio. El control de ácaros fue superior a 72,71 % con la cepa IB6 a una concentración alta; este mismo tratamiento evidenció incrementos significativos en el peso fresco de frutos (13,2 %), los diámetros (14 %) y la concentración de sólidos solubles (23 %), superiores al testigo. Conclusión. El uso de Bacillus megaterium redujo la incidencia de Botrytis cinerea, fue efectivo contra ácaros y trips, y mejoró las variables de peso fresco, diámetros y grados Brix de frutos.

Abstract Introduction. In Ecuador, strawberry cultivation holds significant economic and social importance, having witnessed substantial growth in recent years. However, this sector faces challenges from various pests and diseases. Objective. To evaluate the effect of Bacillus megaterium on strawberry crop variables related to plant health and agronomic yield. Materials and methods. Field trial was conducted on an Albion strawberry plantation, four months after the first harvest, in Pichincha province, Ecuador. IB6 and AB4 strains of Bacillus megaterium were used at concentrations of 1 × 109 and 5 × 108 CFU/L. These were compared with a chemical control using captan (3 g/L) and chlorothalonil (2 mL/L) as fungicides, and abamectin (0.75 mL/L) and lambdacyhalothrin (0.3 mL/L) as insecticides in rotation. A split-plot design was applied with evaluations conducted at two intervals between April and June 2023. Variables measured included Botrytis cinerea incidence and severity index, fresh weight, yield, diameters, and Brix degrees of fruits. Results. There was no interaction between the treatment and time factors; the evaluated times showed no statistical differences. The treatment factor showed statistical differences for health and agronomic interest variables. The incidence of B. cinerea in the biological treatments was the lowest, with an average of 13 %. Mite control was greater than 72.71 % with the IB6 strain at a high concentration. This same treatment showed significant increases in the fresh weight of fruits (13.2 %), diameters (14 %), and soluble solids concentration (23 %), higher than the control. Conclusion. The use of Bacillus megaterium reduced the incidence of Botrytis cinerea, provided effective control against mites and thrips, and improved fresh weight, diameters and Brix degrees of fruits.

Resumen Introducción. Las regiones cultivables a menudo carecen de nutrientes suficientes en el suelo, por lo que es necesario utilizar fertilizantes. Sin embargo, el uso excesivo de fertilizantes puede dañar el medioambiente, la salud humana y la seguridad alimentaria. Los reguladores de crecimiento naturales derivados de plantas son respetuosos con el medioambiente y tienen un precio razonable. Las fitohormonas jasmonato de metilo (MeJA) y ácido salicílico (SA) son cruciales para mejorar la biomasa vegetal, la calidad, la productividad y la resistencia a tensiones ambientales. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto foliar de MeJA y SA sobre la calidad y la producción de frutos de cultivares de tomate en condiciones de invernadero. Materiales y métodos. La prueba se llevó a cabo en la Universidad de Diyala, Irak, del 1 de diciembre de 2022 al 5 de junio de 2023. Se evaluaron aplicaciones foliares de 0 mg/L, 200 mg/L de SA y 200 mg/L de MeJA para determinar los efectos sobre calidad de fruto y la producción cultivares de tomate cherry de crecimiento vegetativo indeterminado: LA4013, LA353, LA2921, LA3899 e IQ2, con un diseño de bloques completos al azar y tres repeticiones por tratamiento. Resultados. El cultivar IQ2 produjo la fruta más pesada (82,13 g), el mayor rendimiento por planta (4,56 kg/planta), el mayor rendimiento total (4,56 t/invernadero) y la mayor acidez titulable (0,62 %). El cultivar LA4013 presentó el mayor número de frutos (612,88 frutos/planta) y el mayor contenido de sólidos solubles totales (2,933 %). La aplicación foliar de SA a 200 mg/L resultó en el índice de clorofila más alto (36,68 SPAD), el mayor número de frutos (373,73 frutos/planta), el mayor rendimiento por planta (3,15 kg/planta) y el mayor rendimiento total (3,93 t/invernadero). Conclusión. Al considerar todas las variables en conjunto, los mejores genotipos fueron IQ2 y LA4013, los cuales resultaron superiores a los demás genotipos en los ensayos de calidad y rendimiento. La aplicación foliar de SA a 200 mg/L mejoró el rendimiento y la calidad de los tomates cherry en condiciones de invernadero.

Abstract Introduction. Arable regions often lack sufficient soil nutrients, which means that fertilizers must be used. However, using fertilizers excessively can harm the environment, human health and food safety. Natural growth regulators derived from plants are environmentally friendly and reasonably priced. The phytohormones methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) are crucial for enhancing plant biomass, quality, productivity and resistance to environmental stresses. Objective. To evaluate the foliar effect of MeJA and SA on fruit quality and production of colorful tomato cultivars under greenhouse conditions. Materials and methods. The trial was conducted at the University of Diyala, Iraq, from December 1, 2022, to June 5, 2023. Foliar applications of 0 mg/L, 200 mg/L SA and 200 mg/L MeJA were evaluated to determine their effects on fruit quality and production of colorful indeterminate cherry tomato cultivars: LA4013, LA353, LA2921, LA3899 and IQ2. A randomized complete block design was used, with each treatment having three replicates. Results. The cultivar IQ2 produced the heaviest fruit (82.13 g), the highest plant yield (4.56 kg/plant), the highest total yield (4.56 t/house) and the highest titratable acidity (0.62 %). The cultivar LA4013 had the highest fruit number (612.88 fruits/plant) and the highest total soluble solids (2.933 %). The foliar application of 200 mg/L SA resulted in the highest chlorophyll index (36.68 SPAD), the highest fruit number (373.73 fruits/plant), the highest plant yield (3.15 kg/plant) and the highest total yield (3.93 t/house). Conclusion. Considering all variables together, the best-performing genotypes were IQ2 and LA4013, which were superior to other genotypes in quality and yield trials. The foliar application of 200 mg/L SA improved both yield and quality of cherry tomatoes under greenhouse conditions.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características produtivas e a eficiência do uso da terra e da água em monocultivo e consórcio de rúcula com jambu sob regimes hídricos em dois ciclos de cultivo em região semiárida do Ceará. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com 20 tratamentos e quatro repetições. As parcelas foram as irrigações, com 50, 75, 100, 125 e 150% de ETc. As subparcelas foram os sistemas consorciado e solteiro. Em cada ciclo foram avaliadas as características de crescimento das plantas e a eficiência do uso da água e da terra. Os maiores valores foram obtidos para número de folhas, altura, e massa fresca e seca das partes aéreas e raízes das plantas de rúcula quando consorciadas. Os melhores resultados para as variáveis de crescimento do jambu foram obtidos para as plantas cultivadas em monocultivo. Os valores de produtividade foram maiores no sistema solteiro; entretanto, os valores médios de eficiência do uso da terra no sistema consorciado foram de 1,23 e 1,28 em 2018 e 2019, respectivamente. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos com 75% ETc (DI75) para rúcula e irrigação total com 100% ETc (TI100) e irrigação em excesso com 125% ETc (EI125) para jambu. A eficiência do uso da água foi maior no sistema solteiro. Os índices de produtividade obtidos com o sistema consorciado rúcula-jambu e DI75 confirmam a maior eficiência biológica. Com base no exposto, conclui-se que rúcula e jambu são promissores para o consórcio em condições semiáridas.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the production characteristics and the efficiency of land and water use in monoculture and intercropping of arugula with jambu under water regimes in two crop cycles in the semi-arid region of Ceará, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a split-plot scheme, with 20 treatments and four replicates. The plots were irrigation, corresponding to 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of ETc. The subplots were the intercropping and single systems. In each cycle, the growth characteristics of the plants and the efficiency of water and land use were evaluated. The highest values were obtained for number of leaves, height, and fresh and dry mass of aerial parts and roots of arugula plants when intercropped. The best results for the growth variables of jambu were obtained for plants grown in monoculture. The productivity values were higher in the single-cropping system; however, the average land use efficiency values in the intercropped system were 1.23 and 1.28 in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The best results were obtained with 75% ETc (DI75) for arugula and full irrigation with 100% ETc (TI100) and excess irrigation with 125% ETc (EI125) for jambu. Water use efficiency was higher in the single system. The productivity indices obtained with the arugula-jambu intercropped system and DI75 confirm the higher biological efficiency. Based on the above, it is concluded that arugula and jambu are promising for intercropping under semi-arid conditions.

RESUMO O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a influência de diferentes épocas de plantio e variáveis meteorológicas no desempenho produtivo da mandioca industrial na região do Agreste de Alagoas. Os tratamentos foram cinco datas de plantio, com espaçamento temporal de 25 dias entre elas: D1 - 10 de abril, D2 - 05 de maio, D3 - 30 de maio, D4 - 24 de junho e D5 - 19 de julho. O período experimental foi de abril de 2021 a setembro de 2023, dois ciclos de cultivo. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram: dados agrometeorológicas e de crescimento e produção da cultura. Na região do Agreste de Alagoas, entre as estações chuvosa e seca, a ET0 média diária varia de 2,9 a 4,7 mm, respectivamente. A temperatura média do ar é 24,3 °C e atende as demandas térmicas da cultura da mandioca. A precipitação anual é suficiente para garantir a produção de mandioca, porém, há sazonalidade nas chuvas, com período seco da primavera ao verão, o que prejudica plantios mais tardios. Na região do Agreste de Alagoas, o melhor período para o plantio da mandioca é de 10 de abril a 5 de maio, que é o início do período chuvoso da região e garante melhores resultados em: altura do dossel vegetativo (3,2 m), diâmetro do caule (2,8 cm), índice de área foliar (3,0), comprimento máximo (43,1 cm), número (6,6) e rendimento de raízes (72,8 t ha-1), biomassa total (145 t ha-1) e teor de amido (34,3%).

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different planting times and meteorological variables on the productive performance of industrial cassava in the Agreste region of Alagoas state, Brazil. The treatments were five planting dates, 25 days apart: D1 - April 10, D2 - May 5, D3 - May 30, D4 - June 24 and D5 - July 19. The experiment was conducted from April 2021 to September 2023 (two cultivation cycles), using randomized blocks, with four replicates. The variables analyzed were agrometeorological data, crop growth and yield. In the Agreste region of Alagoas, the average daily ET0 varies from 2.9 to 4.7 mm between the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. The average temperature of 24.3 °C meets the thermal demands of cassava cultivation. Although annual rainfall is sufficient to guarantee cassava production, it is seasonal, with a dry period from spring to summer, which compromises subsequent plantings. In the Agreste region of Alagoas, the best time to plant cassava is from April 10 to May 5, which is the beginning of the rainy season and ensures better vegetative canopy height (3.2 m), stem diameter (2.8 cm), leaf area index (3.0), maximum root length (43.1 cm), number (6.6) and yield (72.8 t ha-1), total biomass (145 t ha-1) and starch content (34.3%).

RESUMO O uso de águas com alta concentração de sais no cultivo do cajueiro se faz necessário na região semiárida do Nordeste brasileiro, devido à escassez hídrica e à má distribuição das chuvas. O excesso de sais na água é um fator limitante para a produção agrícola. Nesse cenário, estratégias têm sido empregadas para mitigar os efeitos nocivos do estresse salino sobre as plantas, destacando-se o uso do ácido salicílico. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da aplicação foliar de ácido salicílico sobre os aspectos fisiológicos e crescimento do cajueiro anão precoce cultivado sob estresse salino na fase de pré-floração. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação utilizando o delineamento em blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 5 × 4, com cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (CEa - 0,4; 1,2; 2,0; 2,8 e 3,6 dS m-1) e quatro concentrações de ácido salicílico - AS (0, 1, 2 e 3 mM), com três repetições. O ácido salicílico, aplicado na concentração de 1 mM, atenuou os efeitos do estresse salino na morfofisiologia do cajueiro durante a fase de pré-floração, especialmente em plantas irrigadas com CEa de até 1,2 dS m-1. Por outro lado, a concentração de 3 mM AS elevou os efeitos negativos do estresse salino no teor relativo de água, extravasamento de eletrólitos, pigmentos fotossintéticos, trocas gasosas e crescimento de cajueiro anão precoce, particularmente em CEa de 3,6 dS m-1.

ABSTRACT The use of water with high concentration of salts in cashew cultivation is a necessity in the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil, due to water scarcity and poor rainfall distribution. Excess salts in water are a limiting factor for agricultural production. In this scenario, strategies have been employed to mitigate the harmful effects of salt stress on plants, and the use of salicylic acid stands out. With this, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of foliar application of salicylic acid on the physiology and growth of early dwarf cashew grown under salt stress in the pre-flowering stage. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a randomized block design, in a 5 × 4 factorial arrangement, with five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECw - 0.4, 1.2, 2.0, 2.8, and 3.6 dS m-1) and four concentrations of salicylic acid (SA - 0, 1, 2, and 3 mM), with three replicates. Salicylic acid, applied at a concentration of 1 mM, mitigated the negative impacts of salt stress on the morphophysiology of cashew during the pre-flowering phase, especially in plants irrigated with ECw of up to 1.2 dS m-1. On the other hand, the concentration of 3 mM SA exacerbated the effects of salt stress on the relative water content, electrolyte leakage, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange, and growth of early dwarf cashew, particularly at ECw of 3.6 dS m-1.

RESUMO O conforto térmico adequado para o cultivo de plantas em ambientes protegidos está intrinsecamente ligado às propriedades das coberturas translúcidas. Este estudo investigou a influência de três tipos de filmes plásticos (difusor, transparente e leitoso) em três estufas agrícolas em Fortaleza, CE. O objetivo foi analisar as condições de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, buscando recomendações para otimizar o desempenho das estufas. Dez estações de monitoramento foram distribuídas, três para cada cobertura plástica e uma externa; as leituras foram coletadas a 2 m de altura sendo equipadas com sensores de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar (SHT31). A coleta de dados ocorreu de 11 a 27 de julho de 2023, com leituras a cada 5 min (totalizando 12 leituras por hora), tratadas posteriormente por regressão linear. Diferenças significativas nas madrugadas (1 e 5%) entre as coberturas para temperatura e umidade relativa do ar foram observadas. Comparando os filmes, difusor × transparente e difusor × leitoso mostraram diferenças a 5 e 1%, respectivamente, enquanto transparente x leitoso não apresentaram diferenças. Durante o período das 12 horas, o filme difusor exibiu menores variações de temperatura. Conclui-se que a cobertura difusora proporcionou as menores temperaturas e menores variações ao longo do dia, sendo estatisticamente diferente dos filmes leitoso e transparente nos horários mais quentes. Esses resultados oferecem percepções cruciais para otimizar as condições em estufas agrícolas, contribuindo para práticas eficientes de cultivo protegido.

ABSTRACT Adequate thermal comfort for plant growth in protected environments is associated with properties of translucent coverings. This study investigated the influence of three types of plastic films (diffuser, transparent, and milky) at three agricultural greenhouses in Fortaleza city, CE, Brazil. The objective of this study was to analyze air temperature and relative air humidity conditions, seeking recommendations to optimize plant growth performance in greenhouses. Ten monitoring stations were distributed, three for each plastic covering and one external; readings were taken 2 m above the ground level, using temperature and relative air humidity sensors (SHT31). Data were collected from July 11 to July 27, 2023, with readings every 5 min (totaling 12 readings per hour) and subsequently processed through linear regression. The tested coverings resulted in different temperature and relative air humidity during early morning hours (1 and 5%). The comparison between diffuser and transparent, and diffuser and milky films showed differences at 5 and 1%, respectively, while transparent and milky films did not show differences. The diffuser film exhibited lower temperature variations throughout a 12-hour period. The diffuser covering provided the lowest temperatures and smaller variations throughout the day, which was significantly different from milky and transparent films during warmer hours. These results provide valuable information for optimizing conditions in agricultural greenhouses, contributing to sustainable and efficient practices in protected cultivation.

Abstract:Disease detection and classification in crops is crucial for the development and growth of the agricultural sector. Traditional techniques and the low technical level applied to crop control generate significant losses for farmers. Computer vision offers solutions in this field; however, current research focuses on using convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which cannot accurately locate the most relevant features in an image. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes a deep learning model based on the Vision Transformers (ViT) architecture to detect and classify early and late blight diseases in potato leaves. This research demonstrates how data augmentation, fine-tuning, and transfer learning techniques can improve the model's performance. The dataset for training and testing was taken from the PlantVillage platform. The report of the proposed model's evaluation metrics reaches an accuracy of 99.18% and an F1 score of 98.7%. The results demonstrate a high level of prediction in potato foliar diseases and evidence of the efficiency of attention mechanisms. It is concluded that the model is an innovative and functional tool for farmers.

Resumen:La detección y clasificación de enfermedades en cultivos es crucial para el desarrollo y crecimiento del sector agrícola. El uso de técnicas tradicionales y el bajo nivel técnico aplicado al control de los sembríos generan grandes pérdidas para los agricultores. La visión por computadora aporta soluciones en este campo, no obstante, las investigaciones actuales se centran en el uso de redes neuronales convolucionales (Convolutional Neural Networks, CNNs), las cuales tienen una limitada capacidad para ubicar de forma precisa las características de mayor relevancia en una imagen. Para superar estas limitaciones, nuestro estudio propone un modelo de aprendizaje profundo basado en la arquitectura de Transformadores de Visión (Vision Transformers, ViT) para detectar y clasificar las enfermedades tizón temprano y tizón tardío en las hojas de papa. En esta investigación se evidencia cómo las técnicas de aumento de datos, ajuste fino y aprendizaje por transferencia permiten mejorar el rendimiento del modelo. El conjunto de datos para entrenamiento y prueba fue tomado de la plataforma PlantVillage. El reporte de métricas de evaluación del modelo propuesto alcanza una exactitud de 99.18% y un puntaje F1 de 98.7%. Los resultados demuestran un alto nivel de predicción en las enfermedades foliares de papa y evidencian la eficiencia de los mecanismos de atención. Se concluye que el modelo se consolida como una herramienta innovadora y funcional para los agricultores.

Abstract Proper nutritional management is crucial for the development and production of cannabinoids in the cultivation of Cannabis sativa var. Cherry Oregon. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of five concentrations of Steiner nutrient solution on the phenology of medicinal hemp, and to determine the optimal dosage of the nutrient solution for cannabinoid content (cannabidiol [CBD] and tetrahydrocannabinol [THC]). Research was conducted at the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias [INIAP], Estación Experimental Santa Catalina [EESC], in Ecuador, under greenhouse conditions. Five concentrations of Steiner nutrient solution (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150%). Agronomic variables such as plant height, diameter at collar height, yield, and cannabinoid content in flowers were evaluated. Significant effects (p > 0,05) were used. Agronomic variables such as plant height, diameter at neck height, yield, and cannabinoid content in flowers were evaluated. Significant effects (p > 0.05) were observed in plant height and diameter at neck height. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) remained at concentrations lower than 1%. Concentrations at 75% and 100% of the nutrient solution showed higher levels of cannabidiol (CBD) with 15,3% and 15,15%, respectively. The nutrient solution at 125% and 100% concentrations promoted greater growth in plant height and diameter. The 125% concentration also produced the highest dry biomass yield with 810 g m-2 or 8,1 t ha-1, surpassing the other concentrations. It is concluded that the optimal concentration of Steiner solution was 125% for accumulation of dry biomass, and 75 and 100% for cannabinoid production in flowers (CBD), complying with current regulations (< 1% THC).

Resumen El adecuado manejo nutricional es crucial para el desarrollo y producción de cannabinoides en el cultivo de Cannabis sativa var. Cherry Oregon. Esta investigación tuvo por objetivo evaluar el efecto de cinco concentraciones de solución nutritiva Steiner en la fenología del cáñamo medicinal, y determinar la dosis óptima de la solución nutritiva para el contenido de cannabinoides (cannabidiol [CBD] y tetrahidrocannabinol [THC]). La investigación fue realizada en el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias [INIAP], Estación Experimental Santa Catalina [EESC], en Ecuador, en condiciones de invernadero. Se emplearon cinco concentraciones de solución nutritiva de Steiner (50, 75, 100, 125 y 150%). Se evaluaron variables agronómicas como altura de planta, diámetro a la altura del cuello, rendimiento y contenido de cannabinoides en las flores. Se observó efecto significativo (p > 0,05) en altura de planta y diámetro del cuello. El THC se mantuvo < 1%. Concentraciones al 75% y 100% de la solución nutritiva mostraron niveles superiores de CBD con 15,3 y 15,15%, respectivamente. La solución nutritiva al 125 y 100% promovieron un mayor crecimiento en altura y diámetro a la altura del cuello. La concentración al 125% también produjo mayor rendimiento de biomasa seca con 810 g m-2 o 8,10 t ha-1, superando al resto de concentraciones. Se concluye que la concentración óptima de solución Steiner fue de 125% para acumulación de biomasa seca, y del 75 y 100% para la producción de cannabinoides en flores (CBD), cumpliendo con las regulaciones vigentes (< 1% de THC).

The rapid and expansive integration of Internet of Things (IoT) environments across various industrial sectors has led to an unprecedented surge in data generation and management. This exponential growth in data underscores the critical necessity for robust data security methodologies that can effectively safeguard the confidentiality and integrity of information without imposing undue computational burdens. In response to this challenge, numerous studies have sought to leverage Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) as a means to enable fine-grained access control. Among the ABE variants, Ciphertext Policy ABE (CP-ABE) and bilinear pairings have emerged as popular choices to construct security schemes that strike a balance between robust protection and computational efficiency. Despite the advancements achieved through CP-ABE and bilinear pairings, a prevalent concern arises in the utilization of Linear Secret Sharing Scheme (LSSS) access policies. LSSS policies, while providing a flexible and expressive way to define access controls, can significantly impact the execution time of encryption methods. This study recognizes the importance of addressing this challenge and explores the potential of employing a Key Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (KP-ABE) approach. The primary objective is to mitigate the computational overhead associated with encryption methods, thereby enhancing the efficiency of data security measures within IoT environments. Furthermore, this research delves into the incorporation of Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) to generate cryptographic keys. ECC, known for its strong security properties and computational efficiency, is considered a promising approach to bolster data security while concurrently minimizing computational overhead. By integrating KP-ABE with ECC, this study aims to offer a comprehensive solution that ensures robust security measures within the intricate landscape of IoT environments. Through detailed analysis and empirical investigation, the research endeavors to contribute valuable insights to the ongoing discourse on securing IoT data in a manner that aligns with the dual imperatives of security and computational efficiency. OPEN LICENSE: CC BY-NC-ND

Abstract Interest in the research skills of university students has experienced a notable increase, reflected in the growth of scientific publications, which have great methodological diversity and are developed in various training contexts, which is why a panoramic view of these publications becomes imperative. Therefore, this study aims to characterize the scientific production in Scopus on research competencies in university students. For these purposes, the PRISMA Declaration was followed. Using Boolean descriptors and operators, a literature search was carried out that allowed 690 documents to be identified and after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 25 scientific articles were chosen for the study. As results of the review, it is highlighted that 72% of the articles correspond to the quantitative approach, 56% were written in English, 44% were carried out in Peru and the majority of the studies, the research competencies are addressed from the self-perception of the student. In conclusion, the works studied show various levels of achievement of investigative skills and constitute valuable inputs for carrying out new and necessary research.

Resumen El interés en las competencias investigativas del estudiantado universitario ha experimentado un notorio aumento, reflejado en el crecimiento de publicaciones científicas, las cuales tienen una gran diversidad metodológica y se desarrollan en variados contextos formativos; por esta razón, se vuelve imperativo una mirada panorámica de estas publicaciones. Este estudio tuvo como finalidad caracterizar la producción científica en Scopus sobre competencias investigativas en estudiantes universitarios. Para estos fines, se siguió la Declaración PRISMA. A partir de descriptores y operadores booleanos se realizó una búsqueda de literatura que permitió identificar 690 documentos y luego de la aplicación de criterios de inclusión y exclusión se eligieron 25 artículos científicos para el estudio. Como resultados de la revisión se destacó que el 72% de los artículos corresponden al enfoque cuantitativo, un 56% fueron escritos en inglés, el 44% se realizaron en el Perú y en la mayoría de los estudios las competencias investigativas se abordaron desde la autopercepción del estudiante. En conclusión, los trabajos estudiados mostraron diversos niveles de logro de las competencias investigativas y constituyeron valiosos insumos para la realización de nuevas y necesarias investigaciones.

ABSTRACT Tidal swamp lands in Indonesia, despite their low productivity, hold significant potential for improving maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation and food security. Biostimulants derived from plants, animals, and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can enhance productivity and maize yields. Notably, rice husk ash (RHA), rich in silica, and golden apple snail (GAS; Pomacea canaliculata, Lamarck, 1822), containing amino acids, offer growth-promoting benefits. This study examines the impact of liquid RHA, GAS, and microbial inoculant (PGPR) on maize yield in acid sulphate soils from Barambai District, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. A randomized complete block design was used to test nine treatments, including a control (no NPK or biostimulants), full NPK, 75% NPK, and six biostimulant formulations (B1 to B6) combining RHA, GAS, and PGPR with 75% NPK. Biostimulants with more than 50% GAS extract significantly improved maize growth and yield while reducing NPK fertilizer use by 25%. Specifically, biostimulant formulations B1 (10% RHA, 80% GAS, 10% PGPR), B2 (20% RHA, 70% GAS, 10% PGPR), and B3 (30% RHA, 60% GAS, 10% PGPR), combined with 75% NPK, produced 126.0, 125.0, and 111.0 g plant-1, respectively, compared to 97.67 g plant-1 with full NPK. This suggests that biostimulants can reduce fertilizer use without sacrificing yield. The results highlight the role of amino acids in GAS extract for enhancing maize productivity. Biostimulants, particularly those rich in GAS extract, show promise in increasing maize grain yield and reducing reliance on inorganic fertilizers. Further field testing in real-world tidal swamps is needed to validate these findings.

ABSTRACT Plant factory is a production system characterized by high control and efficiency of the production factors, in which the cultivation of microgreens has increased. Photoperiod and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) are two of the main factors to be investigated in order to obtain maximum yield. In this context, an experiment was conducted in indoor environment to evaluate the influence of photoperiod (12, 16 and 20 h d-1) and PPFD (150, 250, 350 and 450 μmol m-2 s-1) with two harvest times (4 and 6 d of light) on the growth and yield of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.) microgreens. Early harvest, photoperiod and PPFD affected hypocotyl length (HL), cotyledon area (CA) and yield individually and in interaction. Two-day earlier harvest resulted in reductions of 10.0%, 32.0% and 16.5% in HL, CA and yield, respectively. In general, higher PPFD and photoperiod caused decrease in HL and increase in CA and yield. With the combination of these factors, 315 μmol m-2 s-1 with 20 h light promoted the highest yield of red cabbage microgreens. In one year of production, early harvest promotes a greater number of production cycles and higher yield of red cabbage microgreens (616 kg m-2), which was 27% higher than that obtained with harvest carried out 2 d later, when the first leaf appeared.

ABSTRACT Medicinal plants (MP) are used in various forms (teas, tinctures, creams, food supplements, etc.), with a single purpose, that of improving the quality of human life from birth to senescence. The choice of the species Cassia angustifolia Vahl, to be introduced into culture and for the development of mechanized cultivation technology is argued by the high demand for ecological raw material, correlated with climate changes. Establishing the optimal planting distance is very important in crop management to improve plant growth and yield. In this study, the effects of planting density on the growth and yield of C. angustifolia plants were evaluated in the edaphoclimatic conditions of Brasov, Romania. The experiment included three factors: Factor A - experimental year: 5 April 2016 (A1), 11 April 2017 (A2), 4 April 2018 (A3). Factor B - Distance row by row (RR): 25 (B1), 50 (B2), and 70 cm (B3). Factor C - Distance plant by plant (PP): Continuous row (C1), 15 cm (C2), and 25 cm (C3). Three years’ data indicated that plant density of 25 (RR) × continuous row (PP) resulted in obtaining the highest yield of fresh (48.33 t ha-1) and dry (7.93 t ha-1) biomass. Increasing planting density increased individual plant development (height, number of branches and weight), but reduced yield of biomass.

This research aims to compare the enrollment of students in special education (PEE) and those with specific educational needs (NEE) in Brazilian education (undergraduate courses) and among Enem candidates over a historical series from 2016 to 2022 to identify any significant differences. The qualitative-quantitative, descriptive, and exploratory research revealed a decline in Enem registrations for both NEE candidates and the general public, affecting the requests for available resources. However, the increase in higher and basic education enrollments shows that the reduction in Enem registrations has not directly impacted the growth in enrollments. PEE students have increased more than the general average in higher and basic education but continue to follow the trend of declining in Enem, influenced by the lack of incentives, investments, the pandemic, and political instability observed during the analyzed period.

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo comparar las matrículas de estudiantes de educación especial (PEE) y con necesidades educativas específicas (NEE) en la educación brasileña (cursos de pregrado) y entre los candidatos al Enem en una serie histórica de 2016 a 2022, para identificar posibles diferencias significativas. La investigación, de naturaleza cualitativa-cuantitativa, descriptiva y exploratoria, reveló una disminución en las inscripciones al Enem, tanto para los candidatos con NEE como para el público en general, lo que afecta las solicitudes de recursos disponibles. Sin embargo, el aumento en las matrículas en la educación superior y básica demuestra que la reducción en las inscripciones al Enem no ha impactado directamente en el crecimiento de las matrículas. Los estudiantes PEE han aumentado más que el promedio general en la educación superior y básica, pero siguen la tendencia de disminución en el Enem, influenciados por la falta de incentivos, inversiones, la pandemia y la inestabilidad política observada durante el período analizado.&nbsp;

Esta pesquisa visa comparar as matrículas de estudantes da educação especial (PEE) e com necessidades educativas específicas (NEE) na educação brasileira (cursos de graduação) e entre os candidatos ao Enem, em uma série histórica de 2016 a 2022, para identificar possíveis diferenças significativas. A pesquisa, de natureza quali-quantitativa, descritiva e exploratória, revelou um declínio nas inscrições ao Enem, tanto para candidatos com NEE quanto para o público geral, afetando as solicitações de recursos disponíveis. No entanto, o aumento das matrículas na educação superior e básica demonstra que a redução nas inscrições do Enem não tem impactado diretamente o crescimento das matrículas. Estudantes PEE têm aumentado mais do que a média geral na educação superior e básica, mas seguem a tendência de diminuição no Enem, influenciados pela falta de incentivos, investimentos, a pandemia e a instabilidade política observada no período analisado.

ABSTRACT: Cleft lip and palate is a congenital malformation, present at birth caused by an alteration in the fusion of tissues, which occurs between the sixth and tenth week of intrauterine life. Babies with cleft lip and palate have difficulty in generating suction, which causes negative consequences such as fatigue during breastfeeding, prolonged feeding times, alterations in growth and development and malnutrition. Pre-surgical orthopedics allows stimulation and bone remodeling of the cleft nasal, alveolar and palatal segments, decreasing the size of the clefts and favoring feeding during the first 3 months of life, before cleft lip and palate surgery. The present clinical case is of a 27-day-old female patient with cleft lip and palate and severe malnutrition, to whom a palatal obturator was placed to favor suction, thus substituting feeding by nasogastric tubes, for which a digital intraoral scanner (Trios 3, 3Shape A/S) was used to take impressions of the entire upper jaw, The data was then sent to a stereolithographic 3D printer (250 mW laser, Form2, Formlabs) to fabricate a resin model where the obturator plate was made manually with the conventional drip technique in the laboratory.

RESUMEN: Las fisuras labiopalatinas son una malformación congénita, presente en el nacimiento producida por una alteración en la fusión de los tejidos, que se presenta entre la sexta y la décima semana de vida intrauterina. Los bebés con fisura labio palatina tienen dificultad para generar succión, lo que provoca consecuencias negativas como la fatiga durante el amamantamiento, tiempos de alimentación prolongados, alteraciones del crecimiento y desarrollo y desnutrición. La ortopedia prequirúrgica permite la estimulación y remodelación ósea de los segmentos nasales, alveolares y palatinos fisurados, disminuyendo el tamaño de las fisuras y favoreciendo la alimentación durante los 3 primeros meses de vida, antes de la cirugía de labio y paladar hendido. El presente caso clínico es de una paciente femenina de 27 días de nacida con labio y paladar hendido y desnutrición severa, a la cual se le colocó un obturador palatino para favorecer la succión, sustituyendo así la alimentación por sondas nasogástricas, para lo cual se utilizó un escaner digital intraoral (Trios 3, 3Shape A/S) para la toma de impresión del maxilar superior completo, lo que permite que las impresiones sean menos estresantes y evitar posibles complicaciones, posteriormente los datos se enviaron a una impresora 3D estereolitográfica (láser de 250 mW, Form2, Formlabs) para fabricar un modelo de resina donde se realizó manualmente con la técnica convencional de goteo en el laboratorio la placa obturadora.