Résumé Cet article explore la grammaire institutionnelle de la protection des données et de la vie privée au Brésil. En adoptant la perspective analytique de l’Institutional Grammar Tool (IGT), nous déconstruisons les énoncés institutionnels des décrets réglementaires de la Loi Générale sur la Protection des Données des états brésiliens, afin de classifier les différents éléments grammaticaux informant les stratégies étatiques de protection et de gouvernance des données. Nous examinons dans cet article la construction des concepts de protection des données, de gouvernance des données et de vie privée, ainsi que la construction institutionnelle de la protection des données au Brésil. L’étude a une orientation empirique afin de répondre aux questions suivantes: quel est le dessin institutionnel des stratégies adoptées par les états, dans le contexte de la fédération, pour la protection des données personnelles et de la vie privée des citoyens? Quelles sont les implications de ce dessin pour l’efficacité de la protection des données au Brésil? L’article conclut que les stratégies de protection des données formulées au niveau des états sont davantage orientées vers le contrôle bureaucratique du traitement des données que vers la réalisation effective des droits émergents de la citoyenneté. Brésil lInstitutional l Institutional IGT, IGT , (IGT) brésiliens Létude L étude suivantes fédération citoyens lefficacité efficacité Larticle citoyenneté (IGT

Resumen Este artículo investiga la gramática institucional de la protección de datos y de la privacidad en Brasil. Adoptando la perspectiva analítica del Intitutional Grammar Tool (IGT), deconstruimos los enunciados institucionales de los decretos reglamentarios de la Ley General de Protección de Datos de los estados brasileros, con el fin de clasificar los diferentes elementos gramaticales que informaron las estrategias estaduales de protección y gobernanza de datos. Examinamos la construcción de los conceptos de protección de datos, gobernanza de datos y privacidad, así como la construcción institucional de la protección de datos en Brasil. El estudio tiene un abordaje empírico, con el fin de responder a las siguientes cuestiones: ¿cuál es el diseño institucional de las estrategias adoptadas por los estados, en el contexto de la federación, para la protección de datos personales y de la privacidad de los ciudadanos? ¿cuáles son las implicaciones de ese diseño para la efectividad de la protección de datos en Brasil? El artículo concluye que las estrategias de protección de datos formuladas en los estados tienen más un enfoque de control burocrático de tratamiento de datos que propiamente la implementación de derechos emergentes de ciudadanía. Brasil IGT, IGT , (IGT) brasileros empírico cuestiones cuál federación ciudadanos cuáles ciudadanía (IGT

Abstract This article investigates the institutional grammar of data protection and privacy in Brazil. By adopting the analytical lens of the Institutional Grammar Tool (IGT), it deconstructs the institutional statements within the regulatory decrees of the General Data Protection Law (LGPD) in Brazilian states, classifying the different grammatical elements that inform state-level strategies for data protection and governance. It examines how the concepts of data protection, data governance, and privacy are formulated, as well as the institutional construction of data protection in Brazil. By taking an empirical approach, it aims to address the following questions: What is the institutional design of the strategies adopted by Brazilian states, within the federation, to protect personal data and citizens’ privacy? What are the implications of this design on how effective data protection is in Brazil? The article concludes that the data protection strategies formulated by the states lean more toward bureaucratic control of data processing than the actual realization of emerging citizenship rights. Brazil IGT, IGT , (IGT) LGPD (LGPD statelevel state level governance approach questions federation citizens rights (IGT

Resumo Este artigo investiga a gramática institucional da proteção de dados e da privacidade no Brasil. Adotando a lente analítica do Intitutional Grammar Tool (IGT), desconstruímos os enunciados institucionais dos decretos regulamentadores da Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados dos estados brasileiros, de forma a classificar os diferentes elementos gramaticais que informam as estratégias estaduais de proteção e governança de dados. Examinamos nesse artigo a construção dos conceitos de proteção de dados, governança de dados e privacidade, assim como a construção institucional da proteção de dados no Brasil. O estudo tem um viés empírico, de maneira a responder às seguintes questões: qual o desenho institucional das estratégias adotadas pelos estados, no contexto da federação, para a proteção de dados pessoais e da privacidade dos cidadãos? Quais as implicações desse desenho para a efetividade da proteção de dados no Brasil? O artigo conclui que as estratégias de proteção de dados formuladas nos estados têm mais o viés de controle burocrático do tratamento de dados do que propriamente a efetivação de direitos emergentes de cidadania. Brasil IGT, IGT , (IGT) brasileiros empírico questões federação cidadãos cidadania (IGT

Resumen: Este artículo analiza la centralidad de las políticas públicas de seguridad y justicia en América Latina y el Caribe a partir de diversas técnicas de investigación teórico (análisis documental y bibliográfico) y trabajo de campo (visitas “in loco” y observaciones participantes), realizadas entre 2015 y 2021. Se parte del supuesto de que la violencia y las inseguridades son abordadas como un obstáculo flagrante para el desarrollo humano y la consolidación del estado de derecho en la región. Se identifica, basado en la literatura especializada y estudio comparado de estas políticas públicas, la relevancia del papel que juega el liderazgo político del estado y el compromiso cívico de varios actores sociales en torno a una gobernanza territorial integrada e integral de políticas de seguridad pública Ciudadana dedicados a salvar y preservar vidas. Resumen análisis bibliográfico visitas in loco participantes, participantes , participantes) 201 2021 región identifica vidas 20 202 2

Abstract: This article analyzes the centrality of public security and justice policies in Latin America and the Caribbean based on various theoretical research techniques (documental and bibliographical analysis) and fieldwork (“in loco” visits and participant observations), undertaken between 2015 and 2021. It starts from the assumption that violence and insecurities are approached as a flagrant obstacle to human development and the consolidation of the rule of law in the region. It is identified, in the comparison of the specialized literature and in the comparative study of these public policies, the relevance of the role played by the political leadership of the State and the civic engagement of several social actors around an integrated and integral territorial governance of citizen public security policies. Despite a punitive political culture and a history of authoritarian governments in the region, there are, after all, key principles and concepts for a new type of governance of citizen security (and justice) in Brazil and in the region aimed at saving and preserve lives. Abstract documental analysis loco observations, observations , observations) 201 2021 identified all lives 20 202 2

Resumo: Este artigo analisa a centralidade das políticas públicas de segurança e justiça na América Latina e no Caribe com base em diversas técnicas de pesquisa teórica (análise documental e bibliográfica) e de campo (visitas “in loco” e observações participantes), empreendidas entre 2015 e 2021. Parte-se do pressuposto de que as violências e inseguranças são abordadas como um flagrante obstáculo ao desenvolvimento humano e à consolidação do estado de direito na região. Identifica-se, no cotejo da literatura especializada e no estudo comparado dessas políticas públicas, a relevância do papel desempenhado pela liderança política do estado e pelo engajamento cívico de diversos atores sociais em torno de uma governança territorial integrada e integral das políticas de segurança pública cidadã. Inobstante a uma cultura política punitiva e a um histórico de governos autoritários na região, vislumbram-se, afinal, princípios e conceitos-chave para uma governança de novo tipo da segurança cidadã (e justiça) no Brasil e na região voltada a salvar e a preservar vidas. Resumo análise bibliográfica visitas in loco participantes, participantes , participantes) 201 2021 Partese Parte se Identificase, Identificase Identifica se, Identifica-se vislumbramse, vislumbramse vislumbram vislumbram-se afinal conceitoschave conceitos chave vidas 20 202 2

Abstract Purpose: To analyze the role of the community assembly as a determining instrument to exercise governance in local indigenous politics, because the various disputes between political factions erode the social fabric and increase the inequality gap. Methodological design: A qualitative, ethnographic study in the municipality of San Luis Amatlán, Oaxaca. Fifteen in-depth interviews were carried out with authorities throughout the municipality and with the adult population. The analysis was done with the analytical categories of governance in the Internal Regulatory Systems, in addition to the participants’ opinion on the performance of the municipal administrator. Results: It was found that the recovery of the municipal community assembly, as well as the assemblies in agencies and rancherías caused greater trust among the participants, together with an increase in the possibility of tracing a joint route to recover local governance through the election of the municipal council. Limitations of the study: Although the ethnographic approach sought to give voice to multiple community actors and social sectors, the research had a greater relationship with the authorities because they coexist more closely with the resource administration processes and their oversight. Findings: The community assembly is a fundamental element of the Internal Regulatory Systems which are consistent with the local customs and habits. The function of the assembly is not only to build consensus, it also acts as a means of control and administrative surveillance. Also, there is persistent conflict derived from the institutional design of indigenous municipalities, which have forms of resolution in their uses and customs such as the assembly, which is a space to address problems directly and without intermediaries.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar el rol de la asamblea comunitaria como instrumento determinante para ejercer gobernanza en la política local indígena, ya que las diversas disputas entre facciones políticas erosionan el tejido social e incrementan la brecha de desigualdad. Diseño metodológico: Es de tipo cualitativo con una etnografía en el municipio de San Luis Amatlán, Oaxaca. Se realizaron 15 entrevistas a profundidad con autoridades en todo el municipio y con población adulta. El análisis se hizo con las categorías analíticas de gobernanza en los Sistemas Normativos Internos, además de la opinión sobre la figura de administrador municipal. Resultados: Se constató que la recuperación de la asamblea comunitaria municipal, así como las asambleas en agencias y rancherías, provocó mayor confianza entre las partes y la posibilidad de trazar una ruta conjunta para recobrar la gobernanza local a través de la elección del cabildo municipal. Limitaciones del estudio: Aunque la etnografía buscó dar voz a múltiples actores y sectores sociales comunitarios, la investigación tuvo mayor relación con las personas autoridades ya que éstas conviven con mayor cercanía con los procesos de administración de los recursos y su contraloría. Hallazgos: La asamblea comunitaria es un elemento fundamental en los Sistemas Normativos Internos, los cuales están insertos en los usos y costumbres indígenas y su función no sólo es construir consensos, sino que además actúa como medio de contraloría y vigilancia administrativa. También existe persistente conflictividad derivada del diseño institucional de los municipios indígenas, los cuales tienen formas de resolución en sus usos y costumbres como la asamblea, la cual es un espacio para abordar problemas de forma directa y sin intermediarios.

Resumen En este artículo se cuestiona la evolución del grado de integración regional en lo referente al tema migratorio con el fin de reflexionar en torno al nivel de consolidación de la gobernanza regional migratoria (GRM) en Argentina y Uruguay -Estados partes del Acuerdo sobre Residencia del Mercosur (ARM)-, y en Colombia y Perú -países asociados del mismo Acuerdo-, en un contexto de alto flujo migratorio de ciudadanos venezolanos por esta subregión suramericana. La metodología utilizada combina las perspectivas cualitativa y cuantitativa. Se demuestra que en Argentina y Uruguay se aplicó el ARM en convergencia hacia una GRM con instituciones regionales fuertes y una regulación migratoria alineada con el ARM; sin embargo, en Colombia y Perú no se aplicó el acuerdo, pero se asumieron instrumentos jurídicos ad hoc con una convergencia débil hacia una GRM y se subraya la urgencia de aplicar una gobernanza de la migración regional.

Abstract This document questions how the degree of integration in the region is evolving concerning the migration issue, which allows us to reflect on how consolidated the migration regional governance (GRM) is in countries such as Argentina and Uruguay, which are Member States of the Mercosur Residence Agreement (ARM) and Colombia and Peru which are associate countries to this same agreement, in a context of the high level of Venezuelan emigration through this South American subregion. A mixed methodology, qualitatively and quantitatively, was used. It was evidenced that Argentina and Uruguay applied the Mercosur Residence Agreement, with convergence towards a GRM; however, neither Colombia nor Peru applied the ARM until today, but instead, they have adopted ad hoc legal instruments, with which the convergence towards a GRM is weak, and the urgency of the application of regional migration governance is underlined.

Resumen La nueva estructura de la migración internacional en el siglo XXI hace que los gobiernos locales se enfrenten a muchos desafíos. Las restricciones legales, las limitaciones presupuestarias y los determinantes sociales y estructurales juegan un papel en la respuesta de las ciudades a la migración internacional. Los municipios utilizan diferentes estrategias tanto para desarrollar respuestas a la inmigración como para hacer frente a las llamadas restricciones. Si bien la cooperación y la colaboración con organizaciones no gubernamentales son las vías preferidas por los municipios, en este estudio estas estrategias se analizan en el contexto de la búsqueda de foros. Se analiza el papel de la Asociación de Solidaridad con Inmigrantes (Göçmendd), apoyada por la Municipalidad de Şişli, y el de la Asociación de Asistencia y Solidaridad para Refugiados y Solicitantes de Asilo (Mülteciler), establecida por la Municipalidad de Sultanbeyli, ambas organizaciones representativas en los acuerdos de gobernanza migratoria de Estambul.

Abstract The new structure of international migration in the 21st century forces local governments to cope with a range of challenges. Legal restrictions, budget constraints, and social and structural determinants all play a role in cities’ response to international migration. Municipalities use an array of strategies to develop responses to immigration and cope with restrictions. While cooperation and collaboration with non-governmental organizations are the strategies of choice for municipalities, in this study, these strategies are analyzed within the context of venue shopping. The role of the Migrant Solidarity Association (Göçmendd), supported by Şişli Municipality, and the Refugee and Asylum Seekers Assistance and Solidarity Association (Mülteciler), established by Sultanbeyli Municipality, are analyzed. Both organizations are representatives in the Istanbul migration governance arrangements.

Abstract The Law for Just Access to Habitat in the Province of Buenos Aires (Argentina), passed in 2012, opened new democratic and institutional horizons for formalizing citizen participation due to the creation of new spaces and mechanisms. This article analyses the changes and challenges brought about by the implementation of Local Habitat Councils (LHC) promoted by this legislation in two municipalities of Greater Buenos Aires (Florencio Varela and Tigre). Semi-structured interviews with public officials and social actors suggest that participatory mechanisms in housing policy represent an opportunity to include neighbourhood organizations and leaders in decision-making. However, this is not yet fully consolidated; LHCs in these municipalities have followed divergent trajectories due to different levels of participation and organization on the part of local actors, working dynamics, sustainability, and local characteristics in each territory.

Resumen La Ley de Acceso Justo al Hábitat, sancionada en 2012, propuso nuevos horizontes institucionales y democráticos para formalizar la participación ciudadana en la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Este artículo analiza los cambios y dificultades que trajo la implementación de los Consejos Locales de Hábitat (CLH) (espacios de participación determinados por dicha ley( en dos municipios del Gran Buenos Aires: Florencio Varela y Tigre. A partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas a funcionarios públicos y actores clave, se sostiene que la incorporación de mecanismos de participación, consulta y asesoramiento, como los CLH en las políticas de vivienda y hábitat, son una oportunidad para las organizaciones y líderes barriales en la toma de decisiones que, no obstante, no se han consolidado. Los consejos de ambos municipios poseen trayectorias distintas que dependen del nivel de organización y participación de los actores locales, sus modalidades de trabajo, la sostenibilidad y las particularidades locales de cada territorio.

Abstract Over the last decade, the Mexican federal government has published several planning instruments promoting land-use planning and regional development. Various administrative agencies participate in developing these instruments, which suggest a fragmented and disarticulated management. This article examines whether the National Strategy for National Strategy for Spatial Planning (ENOT) 2020-2040, the current operating instrument, restores the steering role in territorial governance to the national State. After a review of the normative tools contained in the Official Journal of the Federation, the findings suggest that the ENOT favours governance based on essential projects. The Mayan Train, the Development Programme for the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, and the Free Zone Programme for the Northern and Southern Borders suggest that another model of territorial governance has emerged in Mexico.

Resumen El Gobierno federal mexicano ha publicado durante la última década distintos instrumentos de planificación para promover el ordenamiento del territorio y desarrollo regional. Su elaboración, a cargo de varias instancias administrativas, revelaría una gestión fragmentada y desarticulada. Este artículo indaga si la Estrategia Nacional de Ordenamiento Territorial (ENOT) 2020-2040, instrumento vigente en esta materia, logra restituirle al Estado mexicano la rectoría en la gobernanza territorial. Luego de una revisión de las herramientas normativas que constan en el Diario Oficial de la Federación, los hallazgos sugieren que la ENOT privilegia una gobernanza basada en proyectos prioritarios. El Tren Maya, el Programa de Desarrollo para el Istmo de Tehuantepec y el Programa Zona Libre de las Fronteras Norte y Sur son indicios de que otro modelo de gobernanza territorial ha surgido en México.

Abstract In the context of the international political economy, the human rights protection regime and the foreign investor regime are in tension because of a legal architecture that privileges freedom of capital. A content analysis of the Escazú Agreement would reveal, with respect to access to justice in environmental matters, that individuals and civil society have access to judicial and administrative instances contemplated in national legislation, while foreign investors under bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and free trade agreements (FTAs) have access to justice through international arbitration tribunals that are not always independent, impartial and that privilege the interests of the market. This legal architecture conditions the actions of States in relation to society and its rights. The conclusions point out that the Escazú Agreement faces legal challenges in terms of the investor protection regime, where economic guarantees limit concrete actions to address the climate crisis, protect the environment or enforce human rights.

Resumen En el contexto de la economía política internacional, el régimen de protección de derechos humanos y el régimen de inversores extranjeros atraviesan tensiones como resultado de una arquitectura jurídica que privilegia la libertad de capitales. Un análisis de contenido del Acuerdo de Escazú revelaría, respecto al acceso a la justicia en temas ambientales, que las personas y la sociedad civil acceden a instancias judiciales y administrativas contempladas en la legislación nacional de cada país, mientras que los inversores extranjeros, bajo la figura de los tratados bilaterales de inversión (TBI) y libre comercio (TLC), recurren a la justicia mediante tribunales de arbitraje internacional que no siempre son independientes, imparciales y que privilegian los intereses del mercado. Esta arquitectura jurídica condiciona el accionar de los Estados frente a la sociedad civil y sus derechos. El Acuerdo de Escazú atraviesa desafíos jurídicos frente al régimen de protección a los inversores, en el cual las garantías económicas limitan las acciones concretas para abordar la crisis climática, proteger el medioambiente o hacer efectivos los derechos humanos.

Resumo Os dispositivos estatais para o governo das águas no Brasil vêm sendo fortemente influenciados pelo discurso do desenvolvimento, tendo como principal instituição multilateral promotora o Banco Mundial, cujas diretrizes convergem para o afastamento das instituições estatais do papel de provedoras dos serviços de água e promovem a perda do controle sobre as águas por populações locais. Neste artigo, analiso a trajetória das políticas governamentais para a gestão das águas no Brasil a partir da instituição da Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos (PNRH) à luz da literatura antropológica sobre grandes projetos de desenvolvimento, administração pública e o campo autodenominado de antropologia da água, observando o processo de criação e implementação de dispositivos institucionais que abrem caminho para a transformação da água em uma commodity. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de observação participante em avaliação oficial da PNRH e análise de relatórios de projetos do Banco Mundial. desenvolvimento Mundial locais artigo (PNRH commodity

Abstract State devices for water governance in Brazil have been strongly influenced by the development discourse, with the World Bank as the main multilateral institution that promotes it, whose guidelines converge towards the removal of state institutions from the role of providers of water services and promote the loss control over water by local populations. In this article, I analyze the trajectory of government policies for water management in Brazil from the institution of the National Water Resources Policy (NWRP) under the light of anthropological literature on large development projects, public administration and the self-declared field of anthropology of water, observing the process of creation and implementation of institutional devices that pave the way for the transformation of water into a commodity. The research was carried out through participant observation in an official evaluation of the NWRP and analysis of project reports from the World Bank. discourse it populations article (NWRP projects selfdeclared self declared commodity

Resumen: Con la reforma neoliberal del sistema previsional chileno en 1981, América Latina inauguró un proceso de transformación de los fondos de pensiones. Estos cambios económicos han generado una racionalidad política que ve a la vejez como carga social y conceptualiza a las personas mayores de forma similar a grupos de población con identidades subordinadas. Este artículo explora la contradicción entre el fracaso económico de estas reformas y su actual legitimidad política como modelo de gobernanza de los sistemas de pensiones, con el consecuente impacto en la comprensión del envejecimiento demográfico como causa del déficit fiscal de los Estados.

Abstract: With the neoliberal reform of the Chilean pension system in 1981, Latin America inaugurated a transformation of its pension funds. These economic changes have also generated a political rationality that sees old age as a social burden, assimilating the elderly to other subordinate identities. This article explores the contradiction between the economic failure of these reforms and their current political legitimacy as a model of governance of pension systems, a model that understands demographic ageing as a cause of the fiscal deficit of states.

Resumen En el presente artículo se realiza un análisis interpretativo del significado de “democracia” desde su conceptualización por lo antiguos griegos y en la época de la Roma republicana, hasta llegar a como se percibe la democracia en la actualidad. El objetivo planteado fue analizar diferentes perspectivas sobre el concepto de democracia, desde su relación con los derechos humanos hasta su aplicación en la sociedad actual. La metodología empleada se basó en un análisis interpretativo de fuentes históricas y contemporáneas sobre democracia y derechos humanos. Los resultados resaltan la importancia de la democracia en el respeto de los derechos fundamentales, la participación ciudadana y la gobernanza democrática. Se destaca la complejidad y riqueza del concepto de democracia en diferentes contextos históricos y culturales. En la actualidad este término se relaciona con los Derechos Humanos; no presenta aspecto individual, varía desde la óptica de cada nación; Finalmente, resulta indispensable garantizar los derechos fundamentales con la finalidad de llegar al funcionamiento idóneo del Estado.

Abstract In this article, an interpretive analysis of the meaning of “democracy” is carried out from its conceptualization by the ancient Greeks and in the era of Republican Rome, until reaching how democracy is perceived today. The objective was to analyze different perspectives on the concept of democracy, from its relationship with human rights to its application in today's society. The methodology used was based on an interpretive analysis of historical and contemporary sources on democracy and human rights. The results highlight the importance of democracy in respecting fundamental rights, citizen participation and democratic governance. The complexity and richness of the concept of democracy in different historical and cultural contexts is highlighted. Currently this term is related to Human Rights; It does not present an individual aspect, it varies from the perspective of each nation; Finally, it is essential to guarantee fundamental rights in order to achieve the ideal functioning of the State.

Resumen Este documento examina la relación entre los consejos de administración y los modos de entrada al mercado internacional. El consejo de administración tiene la autoridad para determinar las estrategias de internacionalización tanto para grandes multinacionales como para organizaciones pequeñas y medianas. Los marcos teóricos en internacionalización proporcionan una base sólida para comprender la dinámica de los modos de entrada y la gobernanza corporativa. El estudio presenta un marco bien organizado que consta de cuatro ejes temáticos: características, capacidades, comportamiento y composición del consejo. Este marco se utiliza para analizar las complejidades de los procesos de toma de decisiones del consejo. Aunque se reconocen sus limitaciones, este estudio ofrece hallazgos prácticos para los gerentes de negocios y contribuye a la discusión teórica actual, resaltando la necesidad de marcos más profundos que tengan en cuenta factores psicológicos y culturales en la toma de decisiones del consejo en el contexto del desarrollo internacional.

Abstract This study explores the relationship between administrative advice and international market entry modes. The board of directors has the authority to determine internationalization strategies for both large multinational corporations and small and medium-sized organizations. Existing theoretical frameworks dealing with internationalization provide a strong foundation for understanding the dynamics of entry modes and corporate governance. The study presents a framework consisting of four thematic elements: characteristics, capabilities, behavior, and composition of the advice. This framework is utilized to analyze the complexities of the decision-making processes of boards. Despite acknowledging its limitations, this study provides practical insights for business managers and contributes to the ongoing theoretical debate on this topic, highlighting the need for more comprehensive frameworks that consider psychological and cultural factors in the decision-making process of boards in the context of international business.

BACKGROUND: Maintaining or promoting employment in the presence of disability or reducing the impact of disability on employability should be the adopted focus to decrease the negative impact that disability has on the economy and just as important on the livelihood and well-being of exposed insured individuals. Group risk disability insurance protects an employee's income when illness or injury result in work disability. To achieve this, factors that promote the success of rehabilitation and support for return-to-work of employees following illness and injury need to be understood from an insurance perspective. OBJECTIVES: To explore principles of disability claims management during the rehabilitation and work reintegration stage using a multi-stakeholder approach for the purpose of successful return to work. METHODS: An exploratory qualitative design was used to collect data via semi-structured interviews with 26 purposively selected participants. Interviews were audio-recorded, data were transcribed and analysed thematically. Qualitative research was used to understand the necessary role players in the work reintegration process, factors that hinder and promote work reintegration and best practice principles for Disability Claims Management (DCM). RESULTS: Three themes emerged from the study; (i) role players and their functions with collaboration is integral to disability claims management, (ii) various factors promote and restrict return-to-work planning, and (iii) best practice principles in the DCM pathway that promote return-to-work. These principles include behavioural economics as the central principle, with resource identification and competency, governance, role engagement and education and awareness as supporting principles. CONCLUSION: Collaborative and integrated approaches by role players within a workers' family unit, health system, employer structure and insurance compensation are required for positive return-to-work outcomes. The various role players are responsible for creating policies, structures, intervention strategies, and environments that foster return-to-work. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE • An integrated approach is required for optimal RTW outcomes as employers' policies restrict work integration. • A collaborative approach by all role players involved in DCM, focusing on positive RTW outcomes is required in the RTW process • Occupational therapists can influence employer incapacity and disability policies in order to keep people employed and productive in the presence of medical conditions with the application of reasonable accommodations where necessary. • Occupational therapists are suitably positioned to outline workplace environment and other supports required to guide and support employees through rehabilitation and RTW and in ensuring that employees who can remain at work while on a partial or fully insured benefit, can engage optimally in aspects of work function.

The provision of political goods and governance in marginalised local communities, located in Cape Town, South Africa, during the national lockdown periods (due to the COVID-19 pandemic) is described. The focus is on an African city, drawing attention to the growing importance of urban governance on the continent. Rapid urbanisation and emergency periods (such as the pandemic) are adding to the complexity of the urban space. This study found that communities in the city relied mostly on themselves for the provision of goods, and that the provision of security remains a critical political good, informing governance. However, the findings confront literature on a hierarchy of political goods, in which security is at the apex. In the given context, the sequence of the provision of goods changes to a non-hierarchical process. The fulfilment of other political goods will facilitate improved provision of security. Good governance needs to be informed by an integrated approach to, and the synchronous fulfilment of, political goods. SIGNIFICANCE: • During times of emergencies, already marginalised urban communities experience greater political neglect and are left to protect themselves and to provide for each other. • These communities experience desertion across the spectrum of political goods. • Resilience in such communities needs to be improved through good governing principles. • Although optimal local level governance relies heavily on the provision of security, the importance of the provision of education, employment, political freedom, housing, and health services (to mention a few) requires renewed attention.