ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The social distancing of COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated symptoms of chronic pain patients. Furthermore, it is necessary to consider the sociocultural context of coping with the pandemic in different countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate pain, psychoemotional symptoms, sleep quality, and level of physical activity in chronic pain patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. METHODS: Individuals with fibromyalgia, migraine and chronic low back pain were included. The survey was performed through a questionnaire elaborated by researchers on the Forms application, from Google Drive, in the period between October 2020 and March 2021, with straight and clear questions about pain, psychoemotional aspects, sleep quality, and level of physical activity. Binary or multinominal logistic regression analysis was performed to identify possible predictors. RESULTS: 973 people were evaluated, 63.5% had fibromyalgia, and 98.3% were female. Anxiety increased the odds ratio in 395% of chronic pain patients to feel pain (ß: 1.375; OR: 3.956; p=0.001) and a greater intensity of pain increases in 62.3% the chance of these individuals not performing physical activity (ß: -0.474; OR: 0.623; p=0.001). Pain intensity increased the odds ratio of having insomnia by 186.9% (ß: 0.625; OR: 1.869; p=0.001) and the chance of taking sleep drugs by 160.4% (ß: 0.472; OR: 1.604; p=0.001). CONCLUSION: The social isolation of COVID-19 pandemic maximized the vicious cycle between painful symptoms, anxiety, and sleep disorders in chronic pain patients in Brazil. The intensification of these factors is associated with the reduction of physical activity levels. OBJECTIVES COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 Furthermore countries quality Brazil METHODS fibromyalgia included application Drive 202 2021 aspects predictors RESULTS 97 evaluated 635 63 5 63.5 983 98 3 98.3 female 395 ß (ß 1.375 1375 1 375 OR 3.956 3956 956 p=0.001 p0001 p 0 001 623 62 62.3 0.474 0474 474 -0.474 0.623 0623 p=0.001. . 1869 186 9 186.9 0.625 0625 625 1.869 869 1604 160 4 160.4 0.472 0472 472 1.604 604 CONCLUSION anxiety levels COVID1 COVID- 20 6 63. 98. 39 1.37 137 37 3.95 95 p=0.00 p000 00 62. 0.47 047 47 -0.47 0.62 062 18 186. 1.86 86 16 160. 1.60 60 2 1.3 13 3.9 p=0.0 p00 0.4 04 -0.4 0.6 06 1.8 8 1.6 1. 3. p=0. p0 0. -0. p=0 -0 p= -

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A pandemia de COVID-19 exacerbou os sintomas de pacientes com dor crônica. Porém, é necessário considerar o contexto sociocultural de enfrentamento da pandemia nos diferentes países. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a dor, os sintomas psicoemocionais, a qualidade do sono e o nível de atividade física em pacientes com dor crônica durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos indivíduos com fibromialgia, enxaqueca e dor lombar. O levantamento foi realizado por meio de questionário elaborado pelos pesquisadores no aplicativo Forms, do Google Drive, entre outubro de 2020 e março de 2021, com perguntas diretas e claras sobre dor, aspectos psicoemocionais, qualidade do sono e nível de atividade física. Análise de regressão logística binária ou multinominal foi realizada para identificar possíveis preditores. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliadas 973 pessoas, 63,5% apresentavam fibromialgia, sendo 98,3% do sexo feminino. A ansiedade aumentou a razão de chances em 395% dos pacientes com dor crônica sentirem dor (ß: 1,375; OR: 3,956; p= 0,001) e a dor aumentou em 62,3% a chance desses indivíduos não realizarem atividade física (ß: -0,474; OR: 0,623; p=0,001). A intensidade da dor aumentou a razão de chances de ter insônia em 186,9% (ß: 0,625; OR: 1,869; p= 0,001) e a chance de tomar fármacos para dormir em 160,4% (ß: 0,472; OR: 1,604; p=0,001). CONCLUSÃO: O isolamento social da pandemia de COVID-19 maximizou o ciclo vicioso entre sintomas dolorosos, ansiedade e distúrbios do sono em pacientes com dor crônica no Brasil. A intensificação desses fatores está associada à redução de atividade física. OBJETIVOS COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 Porém países psicoemocionais Brasil MÉTODOS fibromialgia lombar Forms Drive 202 2021 preditores RESULTADOS 97 pessoas 635 63 5 63,5 983 98 3 98,3 feminino 395 ß (ß 1,375 1375 1 375 OR 3,956 3956 956 p 0,001 0001 0 001 623 62 62,3 0,474 0474 474 -0,474 0,623 0623 p=0,001. p0001 p=0,001 . p=0,001) 1869 186 9 186,9 0,625 0625 625 1,869 869 1604 160 4 160,4 0,472 0472 472 1,604 604 CONCLUSÃO dolorosos COVID1 COVID- 20 6 63, 98, 39 1,37 137 37 3,95 95 0,00 000 00 62, 0,47 047 47 -0,47 0,62 062 p000 p=0,00 18 186, 1,86 86 16 160, 1,60 60 2 1,3 13 3,9 0,0 0,4 04 -0,4 0,6 06 p00 p=0,0 1,8 8 1,6 1, 3, 0, -0, p0 p=0, -0 p=0 -

Abstract The current evaluation of process management is crucial to ensure institutions' competitiveness and efficient organization in the global context. This study aims to highlight the available evidence on implementing process management in public administration entities. The literature review, covering articles published between 2019 and 2022 in databases such as Scielo, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, highlights the relevance of process management in local public administration, focusing on the satisfaction of citizen demands. Ultimately, it is concluded that the process management model seeks to drive continuous improvement in the organization, an essential characteristic of an effective entity that manages activities and results as goal-oriented processes.

Resumen La evaluación actual de la gestión por procesos es crucial para garantizar la competitividad y la eficiente organización de las instituciones en el contexto global. Este estudio se propone resaltar la evidencia disponible sobre la implementación de la gestión por procesos en entidades de la administración pública. La revisión bibliográfica, abarcando artículos publicados entre 2019 y 2022 en bases de datos como Scielo, Scopus, Google Scholar y Web of Science, destaca la relevancia de la gestión de procesos en la administración local pública, centrándose en la satisfacción de las demandas ciudadanas. En última instancia, se concluye que el modelo de gestión por procesos busca impulsar la mejora continua en la organización, característica esencial de una entidad eficaz que gestiona actividades y resultados como procesos orientados a objetivos.

Customer loyalty has significantly evolved over the last decade, specifically with social media platforms. Marketers engage customers regularly with an omnichannel approach, which allows brands to interact with their customers, whether person-to-person or person-to-community. Customer loyalty is characterised in the literature as a psychological process whereby a customer's loyalty attaches towards a specific service or brand. Over time, customer loyalty contributes to consumers'behaviour and preference for a specific brand or service. Therefore, a company should consider formulating or developing an appropriate business intelligence strategy to drive customers towards loyalty and increase their engagement with its brand. Furthermore, psychological shopper behaviour might expand and improve current research towards a customer perspective by distinguishing how customers are incentivised during their brand activity ventures, suggesting that customer loyalty and customers' judgements of businesses have a notable positive impact. As such, brands should identify what their businesses centre their attention on or what their attraction is. For a brand to understand and identify the best loyalty strategies for its target customers, the business must use the opportunity to enable the brand to develop new innovative approaches. These approaches continuously drive brand loyalty through sales by creating a competitive advantage in the market. Customer loyalty has become more than just a strategy for business or marketing. It empowers the consumer to be engaged throughout their initial interaction and purchase journey and become loyal to the brand. This engagement journey can help a brand to establish and grow due to the continuous support from consumers. The general aim of this study was to determine the nature of the relationship between customer engagement factors and brand loyalty. The study identified five customer engagement factors from the literature (brand reputation, social media, word-of-mouth, customer experience, and merchandising) with a view to investigating their role in brand loyalty. It is noteworthy that these factors are well-documented in a pre-Covid-19 environment; the question remains, however, whether these factors will still be valid and reliable in a Covid-19 business environment? This study aims to determine a response to precisely that question. In a quantitative research design a self-developed questionnaire was used to measure each one of these factors on a five-point Likert scale. All these factors and their respective measuring criteria were validated empirically using exploratory factor analysis. The social media platform Instagram was used to initiate a snowball sample, and a total of 135 social media participants responded by completing the online Google Forms questionnaire. The respondent profile shows that brands' social media page is the most preferred method of brand communication. This is followed by email, SMS and telephonic communication methods, with the latter being, in fact, clearly disliked. It was found that respondents prefer email, followed by SMS or the social media platform to receive brand communication; however, communication via telephone conversations is disliked. As consumers, respondents find brand advertisements memorable once they have seen them on different platforms or channels of communication. The most memorable channel is social media (having a recall rate of 62.2%). A total of 71.9% of participants first read the reviews of a new product that was launched. After that, they find a way through word-of-mouth or a brand community to make an informed discussion before purchasing the product and listening to what other consumers share on review platforms. The data are reliable (α>0.70) and the sample was deemed adequate (KMO>0.70). Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the relationships between customer engagement factors and brand loyalty. The results indicated that there are significant (p<.05) positive relationships for the factors brand reputation (r=.262; p<.05), social media (r=.430; p<.05), word-of-mouth (r=.309; p<.05), and visibility (r=.340; p<.05). The model explains a satisfactory cumulative variance of 65.1% (R²=0.651). The factor, customer experience, however, should be reconsidered because this antecedent did not significantly influence a consumer's loyalty to a brand. As such, exploratory factor analysis was used to determine whether there are other factors that determine brand loyalty. Eight factors were identified, explaining 63% of the variance cumulatively. These factors are visibility of merchandise, brand reputation, brand trust, brand references (outside the shop), advice (inside the shop), brand ambassador, the purchase experience, and personal choice. The eight new factors make more sense as factors to manage brand loyalty. Management should rather focus on these factors than concentrate on the initial five factors indicated in the literature. Possible areas for future research are to investigate the age and demographic areas with regard to how the participants could have viewed their opinions. A more centralised focus towards different ages, groups or generations such as Gen Z, Millennials, Gen X, Boomers, and the Silent Generation can also be investigated to compare or illustrate which engagement strategy is most influential towards their brand loyalty.

Handelsmerklojaliteit is 'n kernkomponent van moderne bemarkingstrategie. Lojale verbruikers is nie net deel van die aanvanklike aankoopinteraksie nie, maar ook lojaal aan die handelsmerk. Gevolglik word die bekende aankoopreis omskep in 'n lojaliteitsreis waar die lojale ondersteuning van die verbruiker 'n verhouding konstateer met die betrokke handelsmerk. Sodoende word die handelsmerk se lojaliteit in die mark verbeter en groei die handelsmerk as gevolg van die onafgebroke verbruikersondersteuning. Hierdie studie het ten doel om die verhouding tussen verskillende faktore van handelsmerklojaliteit en handelsmerklojaliteit per se te bepaal. Die studie ondersoek vyf gevestigde kernfaktore van handelsmerklojaliteit, naamlik 1) handelsmerkreputasie, 2) sosiale media, 3) mondelinge kommunikasie, 4) kliëntervaring en 5) tentoonstelling van handelsware. Dit is egter belangrik om kennis te neem daarvan dat die faktore dateer uit teoretiese studies voordat die Covid-19-pandemie toegeslaan het. Hierdie studie beoog dus om te bepaal of die faktore steeds geldig en betroubaar is sedert die Covid-19-pandemie. In die kwantitatiewe navorsingsontwerp word 'n self-ontwikkelde vraelys gebruik, waardeur data van 135 sosiale media-respondente ingesamel is. Die waarde van hierdie studie is gesetel in die spesifieke verhouding wat elke faktor met handelsmerklojaliteit in 'n veranderende besigheidsomgewing het. Die studie ontwikkel voorts 'n model wat handelsmerklojaliteit meet, en waardeur die relatiewe belangrikheid van elke faktor volgens die meting bepaal kan word. Hierdie bevindinge kan handelsmerke se bemarkingsbegrotings beïnvloed, 'n spesifieke fokus op individuele faktore plaas, of 'n gesamentlike evaluasie van die verbruikers se lojaliteit teenoor 'n spesifieke handelsmerk meet. Die ontwikkelde model stel die navorser ook in staat om die spesifieke handelsmerk se onderskeie faktore afsonderlik te meet in die verskillende marksegmente waar die handelsmerk voorkom. Die sosialemediaplatform Instagram is gebruik om respondente te werf. Die uitnodiging om deel te neem aan die studie is op Instagram versprei waar respondente 'n Internet-skakel na die vraelys in Google Forms ontvang het. Nadat voornemende respondente die kwalifiserende vrae korrek beantwoord het, is die vraelys outomaties beskikbaar gestel om te voltooi. 135 respondente het die vraelys voltooi. Die data is getoets vir betroubaarheid deur die Cronbach alfa-koëffisiënt te gebruik (α>0.70) en om te bepaal of daar genoegsame response gedokumenteer is, is met behulp van die toets van Kaiser, Meyer en Olkin bevind dat voldoende respondente deelgeneem het (KMO>0.70). Die aanvanklike veelvuldige regressie het betekenisvolle positiewe verwant-skappe vir vier van die vyf teoreties gefundeerde faktore gevind. Die faktor "kliënte-ervaring" het vreemd genoeg nie 'n betekenisvolle verwantskap met handelsmerklojaliteit nie. Hierdie bevinding is bevraagteken, en die vermoede dat die inperkingsmaatsreëls die kliënte se ervaring met handelsmerke beïnvloed, kon nie bevestig word nie. Gevolglik is die data verder ontleed deur verkennende faktoranalise. Agt faktore is geïdentifiseer wat verbruikers se handelsmerklojaliteit beïnvloed. Hierdie faktore is die sigbaarheid van die handelsware, handelsmerkreputasie, handelsmerkvertroue, verwysings (nie winkelverwant nie), advies (in die winkel), inkopie-ervaring (in die winkel), 'n handelsmerkambassadeur se invloed, en persoonlike keuses. Gesamentlik verklaar die faktore 63% van die variansie. Die agt nuut geïdentifiseerde faktore maak meer sin as die aanvanklike vyf faktore en maatskappye behoort eerder op hierdie faktore te fokus om handelsmerklojaliteit te bestuur.

Abstract Objective: To know the research profile, the type of research and the degree of motivation for research nurses in Galicia (Spain). Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study with professionals and students of Nursing in Galicia (n =391; α=005, d=5%, proportion 50%). An ad hoc 12 blocks notebook was designed. Data were collected through a Google Drive form. A descriptive analysis of variables, bivariate and multivariate analysis were carried out for variable Training in Research. Results: The average score on importance of research was 2.8/5 points. The most influence variables in Galician Nursing Research are to work in health area of Ferrol or Lugo-Cervo-Monforte, to study in Ourense Faculty, to carry out previous research, to have the university degree or to be motivating to investigate. Conclusions: Nurses in Galicia consider research as an important activity and they are motivated to develop it, but they need more training and institutional support.

Resumen Objetivo principal: Conocer el perfil investigador, el tipo de investigación realizado y el grado de motivación para investigar de los enfermeros y enfermeras de Galicia (España). Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal con profesionales y estudiantes de Enfermería de Galicia (n =391; α=005, d=5 %, proporción 50 %). Se diseñó un cuestionario ad hoc de 12 bloques. La recogida de datos se realizó a través de Google Drive. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de variables, análisis bivariado y multivariado para la variable Formación en Investigación. Resultados principales: La puntuación media sobre la importancia de la investigación fue 2.8/5 puntos. Las variables que influyen en la investigación enfermera en Galicia son: trabajar en área sanitaria de Ferrol o Lugo-Cervo-Monforte, estudiar en facultad de Ourense, realizar investigación previa, tener titulación de grado o estar motivador para investigar. Conclusión principal: Los enfermeros y enfermeras en Galicia consideran importante la investigación y están motivados para su desarrollo, pero necesitan más formación y ayudas institucionales.

Abstract: This research study explores aspects associated with business practice and its contribution to the development of entrepreneurial skills as a starting point for trainees that manage their own business ideas in the Coolideres company laboratory located in Tunja (Colombia). The methodology involves a non-experimental cross-sectional design of exploratory-descriptive type. Data gathering is conducted via an online Google Drive form sent to a sample of 84 participants. Gathered data is processed by using Excel and the free software R. The results show that a high percentage (85.72%) of the respondents consider that the company’s laboratory is a valuable opportunity to strengthen the skills required in business environments, while being a favorable setting for generating entrepreneurial ideas. It is concluded that there is a moderate and significant relationship between the practices executed in this laboratory and the development of academic, professional, and entrepreneurial skills.

Resumen: En esta investigación, se exploran aspectos asociados con la práctica empresarial y su contribución al desarrollo de competencias de emprendimiento como punto de partida para que los practicantes gestionen sus propias ideas de negocio en el laboratorio de empresa Coolideres ubicado en Tunja (Colombia). La metodología involucra un diseño no experimental de corte transversal de tipo exploratorio-descriptivo. Los datos son recolectados mediante una encuesta aplicada a través de un formulario de Google Drive a una muestra de 84 participantes. La información es procesada en Excel y en el software libre R. Los resultados evidencian que un alto porcentaje (85.72%) de los encuestados consideran que el laboratorio de empresa es una valiosa oportunidad para fortalecer las competencias requeridas en el entorno empresarial, así como un escenario propicio para generar ideas de emprendimiento. Se concluye que existe una relación moderada y significativa entre las prácticas hechas en este laboratorio y el desarrollo de competencias académicas, laborales y de emprendimiento.

Abstract This research responds to the objective of analyzing a digital corpus of academic documents with a processual approach, prepared by university students during an educational intervention intended for developing their discursive competence with an argumentative commentary model of multimodal texts in the teaching of Spanish as a mother tongue. A qualitative discourse analysis method has been used both in its linguistic manifestations and in the socio-educational micro-ethnographic interaction carried out in a scenario and the process of its formative evaluation. The digital corpus collects written tests from students who have taken the subject called Strategies for the Teaching of Language and Literature from the Degree in Primary Education of the Education Faculty of the University of Murcia (Spain) during the academic year 2021-2022. Specifically, it collects two types of comments housed in their virtual classroom portfolios: first, their textualized group argumentative comments in intertextual, coherent and negotiated alignment with the individual argumentative comments they had previously written about a patrimonial tale selected and interpreted in their argumentative power; second, their group metacognitive comments focused on the peer-assessment of their group argumentative comments, which had the formative background of self-assessment and peer-review of their individual argumentative comments. The analytical knowledge generated by the students in their peer-assessor metacognitive comments about their group argumentative comments is strategically supported by various previous pedagogical organizers, and, especially, in a rubric with discursive quality indicators on three sections of interest: the argumentative sequence of their individual intertextual comments; the coherence, cohesion and adequacy that articulate the logical artifice of their linguistic communication competence; the intertextual arguments contributed by the commentators. With this, the cooperative evaluative feedback of academic works has been mediated from the strategic digital recursion of a personal learning environment (PLE) that includes both resources and tasks enabled in the university virtual classroom of this university subject as informal interaction supports through Google Drive and Zoom. The formative process from which this student co-evaluation procedure has been analyzed from participant observation in field work by teachers according to the scientific-technical framework of an R+D+i project about epistemic innovation of a multimodal argumentative commentary model that has been funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of the Spanish Government (PGC2018-101457-B-100). The results of this analysis reveal three conclusions: first, the discursive interaction between students democratizes the process of their formative evaluation in academic works, since the typical logocentric pattern of the unique hetero-evaluation of student products due to teaching authoritarianism is overcome with a new heteroglossic and co-responsible matrix for student processes co-evaluation in academic works mediated with the instructive, informative, communicative and collaborative digital applications used; second, the importance of posing complex academic writing tasks to achieve authentic learning; third, the need to improve the student's discursive competence in the verbal expression of metacognitive and intertextual arguments that promote self-awareness and the originality of their comments.

Resumen Esta investigación analiza, con enfoque procesual y dialógico, un corpus digital de portafolios de estudiantes españoles de Grado en Educación Primaria que contienen comentarios metacognitivos grupales sobre comentarios argumentativos de textos realizados con Entorno Personal de Aprendizaje (PLE) que combina instrumentos informales y formales de aula virtual. Desde una metodología microetnográfica de análisis del discurso atenta a las manifestaciones lingüísticas y a la interacción socioeducativa, los resultados del análisis describen el proceso formativo de coevaluación y los aprendizajes logrados en las categorías de retroalimentación, motivación, construcción de conocimiento y estrategias metacognitivas activadas en la coevaluación con tal PLE. Su discusión interpretativa revela déficits formativos en las competencias discursiva y autoevaluadora y en recursividad digital al respecto que mejoraron con el proceso de autodeliberación y uso estratégico del PLE. En conclusión, se afirma la coevaluación formativa en PLE como factor favorecedor del desarrollo sistémico de la competencia discursiva de estudiantes universitarios.

Abstract Any act in the will brings with it development and civilization, while tax events generate discomfort for citizens, consequently leaving personal stagnation and limited national growth. The omission or falsity of the tax obligations come from extensive tax information, confusing and poorly disclosed, by the tax authorities, leaving a valuable opportunity to carry out this study. The objective of the present investigation was to generate an understanding of the tax culture the students of the Polytechnic University of the Valley of Mexico, in the career in Administration and business management, on rights and obligations attributable to taxpayers, through a technological resource called "NPC Learn culture-contributory" taught through Telegram. This proposal is based on the action-research method, socio-critical paradigm, qualitative approach, collaborative design, critical-emancipatory-practical type, and cross-section, focused on learning and awareness of the actors. The universe was made up of students from the Polytechnic University of the Valley of Mexico, while its sample concerns twenty-four subjects, studying the subject of Tax Contributions. Surveys via Google Drive and face-to-face discussion forums were used to collect information. Therefore, according to the experience obtained, it is essential to point out how the citizen understands the fiscal structure in Mexico.

Resumen Todo acto situado en voluntad trae consigo desarrollo y civilización, mientras que los hechos impositivos generan incomodidad a los ciudadanos, dejando en consecuencia estancamiento personal y limitado crecimiento Nacional. La omisión o falsedad de las obligaciones tributarias provienen de una extensa información fiscal, confusa y con escasa divulgación, por parte de las autoridades fiscales, dejando una valiosa oportunidad, de llevar a cabo este estudio. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue generar comprensión de la cultura contributiva a los alumnos de la Universidad Politécnica del Valle de México, en la carrera en Administración y gestión empresarial, sobre derechos y obligaciones atribuibles de los contribuyentes, por medio de un recurso tecnológico denominado “NPC Aprende cultura-contributiva” impartido a través de Telegram. Esta propuesta está basada en el método de investigación-acción, paradigma socio crítico, enfoque cualitativo, diseño colaborativo, tipo critico-emancipador-práctico y corte transversal, centrado en el aprendizaje y concientización de los actores. El universo estuvo compuesto por estudiantes de Universidad Politécnica del Valle de México, mientras que su muestra se atañe a veinte cuatro sujetos, cursando la materia de Contribuciones fiscales. Para recolectar información se utilizaron encuestas vía Google Drive y foros de discusión en forma presencial. Por ende, de acuerdo con la experiencia obtenida, es indispensable puntualizar, como comprende el ciudadano la estructura fiscal en México.

Abstract Introduction/objective: greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions of natural origin have increased due to anthropogenic actions and threaten the planet with environmental imbalance. Reservoirs for storing water, which is later used to drive the turbines of hydroelectric power plants, accumulate sediments, generating GHG. This paper analyzes the methods used to estimate GHG emissions in reservoirs, classifying scientific publications found in the ScienceDirect and Google Scholar search engines. Methodology: the analytical method uses a Boolean expression to collect information in the indicated search engines and extract the relevant literature considering factors such as water temperature, geographic location, reservoir type and surface area, gas type and technology, which attributes a relevance value to each characteristic to elaborate a matrix of results. Results: the results show that more than 50 % are based on GHG estimates and the rest on direct measurements in the reservoirs. In addition, the contribution of artificial intelligence as an estimation technique is less than 6 %. Conclusions: finally, the world regions where studies are conducted are proportionally distributed and the analysis of scientific literature indicates versatility in GHG estimation methods in hydropower reservoirs.

Resumen Introducción/objetivo: las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) de origen natural han aumentado por las acciones antropogénicas, y amenazan al planeta con un desequilibrio ambiental. Los embalses para almacenar agua, que después se utiliza para mover las turbinas de centrales hidroeléctricas, acumulan sedimentos generando GEI. En este trabajo se analizan los métodos empleados para estimar las emisiones de GEI en embalses, clasificando las publicaciones científicas encontradas en los motores de búsqueda de ScienceDirect y Google Scholar. Metodología: el método analítico utiliza una expresión booleana para recopilar información en los motores de búsqueda indicados y extraer la bibliografía relevante, considerando factores como la temperatura del agua, la ubicación geográfica, el tipo y la superficie del embalse, el tipo de gas y la tecnología, lo que atribuye un valor de pertinencia a cada característica para elaborar una matriz de resultados. Resultados: los resultados muestran que más del 50 % se basan en estimaciones de GEI y el resto en mediciones directas en los embalses. Además, la contribución de la inteligencia artificial como técnica de estimación es menor al 6 %. Conclusiones: finalmente, las regiones mundiales donde se realizan los estudios están distribuidas proporcionalmente y el análisis de literatura científica indica versatilidad en los métodos de estimación de GEI en embalses hidroeléctricos.

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of motivations for running practice on the life satisfaction of amateur runners. The study is characterized as a quantitative research. The data collection procedure adopted was the E-survey, where individuals were invited through social networks to answer an online survey form available on the Google Drive platform. The sample consisted of 158 runners. The instrument used was a questionnaire composed of: (i) motivations; (ii) life satisfaction; (iii) running profile (iv) characterization of demographic data. The data were analyzed using the SPSS Statistics 24 software. The analysis of the predictive value of the independent variables resulted in a statistically significant model [F (3, 154) = 13.06; <0.001; R² = 0.20]. Specifically, the social factor exerted the strongest influence (β = 0.325), followed by entertainment (β = 0.198). As a conclusion, the motivations for running practice prove to be significant factors for life satisfaction.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a influência dos motivos para prática da corrida de rua na satisfação com a vida de corredores amadores. O estudo se caracteriza como de abordagem quantitativa. O procedimento de coleta adotado foi o E-survey, onde os indivíduos foram convidados através das redes sociais a responder um formulário online disponível na plataforma Google Drive. A amostra foi composta por 158 corredores. O instrumento utilizado foi um questionário composto pelas variáveis: (i) motivos; (ii) satisfação com a vida; (iii) perfil da prática da corrida de rua e (iv) caracterização dos dados demográficos. Os dados foram analisados no software SPSS Statistics 24. A análise do valor preditivo das variáveis independes resultou num modelo estatisticamente significativo [F (3, 154) = 13,06; < 0,001; R² = 0,20]. Especificamente, o fator social exerceu a influência mais forte (β = 0.325), seguida pelo divertimento (β = 0.198). Portanto, conclui-se que os motivos da prática da corrida de rua são fatores significativos para a satisfação com a vida.

Abstract This paper presents how the problems that, in the face of the health contingency, had to be faced to be able to teach remotely, were addressed. These were from, meeting the Google meet videoconferencing service, making use of the Google drive platform, or the Microsoft Teams platform, as well as facing the problem of being in a session in which it cannot be observed students and not being able to use the blackboard. And the main limitation: not being able to carry out a laboratory experiment in person, in a theoretical-practical course.

Resumen En este trabajo se presenta cómo se abordaron los problemas que, ante la contingencia sanitaria, se tuvieron que enfrentar para poder dar clases a distancia. Estos fueron desde, el entrar en contacto con el servicio de videoconferencia Google meet, hacer uso de la plataforma Google drive, o de la plataforma Microsoft Teams, así como el de enfrentar el problema de estar en una sesión en la que no se puede observar a los alumnos y no poder hacer uso del pizarrón. Y la principal limitante: no poder efectuar presencialmente un experimento de laboratorio, en un curso teórico-práctico.

La Tecnicatura Universitaria en Medicina Nuclear es una carrera de tres años de duración que se dicta en la Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. El presente trabajo describe la transformación de dos asignaturas presenciales, Salud Pública y Organización del Sistema de Salud, en cursos a distancia. Se empleó el Campus Virtual de la Facultad, basado en la plataforma Moodle. Se mantuvo una clase introductoria presencial obligatoria. El resto de las clases se dictó de modo virtual, empleando documentos en Google drive para los contenidos y diversas herramientas para la realización de actividades interactivas, incluyendo encuestas, videos, mapas interactivos, foros de discusión y páginas web existentes o desarrolladas para los cursos. Los exámenes regulatorios fueron tomados a distancia, mientras que para la aprobación se mantuvo una instancia presencial. En encuestas anónimas realizadas al final de los cursos los alumnos los valoraron muy positivamente, destacando el contacto con los docentes y el material didáctico ofrecido. La evaluación por parte de los docentes permitió detectar actividades que necesitan ser optimizadas, pero también fue positiva, demostrando que con una adecuada planificación puede mantenerse el nivel de calidad de la enseñanza en los cursos dictados de modo virtual.

The University Technician in Nuclear Medicine is a three-year career that is taught at the Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry of the University of Buenos Aires. This work describes the transformation of two subjects, Public Health and Organization of the Health System, into distance courses. The Virtual Campus of the Faculty, based on Moodle, was employed. A compulsory face-to-face introductory class was maintained. The rest of the classes were taught virtually, using Google Drive documents for the content, and various tools for conducting interactive activities, including surveys, videos, interactive maps, discussion forums, and existing or developed web pages. Regulatory examinations were taken remotely, while an in-person instance was maintained for promotion. In anonymous surveys carried out at the end of the courses, the students valued them very positively, highlighting the contact with the teachers and the didactic material offered. The evaluation by the teachers allowed detecting activities that need to be optimized, but it was also positive, demonstrating that with proper planning, the quality level in virtually-taught courses can be maintained.

Abstract An exploratory investigation was carried out with the aim of knowing the impact that the pandemic has had on couple relationships and their sexuality after more than a year, and if the changes already detected previously have been maintained, varied, or ones emerged. The instrument used was an anonymous online survey, through a Google Drive form. Of the 372 couples who participated, 181 (48.65%) reported the occurrence of changes in the sexual routine; 12.09% indicated variations in the habitual preferences of sexual intercourse and 12.63% the appearance of some disorder or discomfort related to sexuality. 16.9% raised the occurrence of some manifestation of violence in their relationship, of which 55.5% worsened or appeared during the pandemic. From the analysis of the results, it was concluded that the most significant impact of the pandemic was the existence of changes in the sexual routine; reduction of conflicts in cohabiting couples; decrease and fluctuations in the frequency of sexual intercourse more than desires; increased use of alternatives for communication, erotic and sexual exchange; manifestations of violence in the intimate space of the couple and impact of emigration on the dynamics and satisfaction of couples' relationships.

Resumen Se realizó una investigación exploratoria con el objetivo de conocer el impacto que ha provocado la pandemia en las relaciones de pareja y su sexualidad después de más de un año, y si los cambios ya detectados anteriormente se han mantenido, variado, o surgieron otros. El instrumento utilizado fue una encuesta anónima online, a través de un formulario de Google Drive. De las 372 parejas que participaron, 181 (48,65%) refirió la ocurrencia de cambios en la rutina sexual; el 12,09% señaló variaciones en las preferencias habituales de la relación sexual y el 12,63% la aparición de algún trastorno o malestar relacionado con la sexualidad. El 16,9% planteó la ocurrencia de alguna manifestación de violencia en la relación de pareja, de ellos el 55,5% se agudizaron o aparecieron durante la pandemia. Del análisis de los resultados se concluyó como lo más significativo del impacto de la pandemia la existencia de cambios en la rutina sexual; reducción de los conflictos en parejas convivientes; disminución y fluctuaciones de la frecuencia de las relaciones sexuales más que los deseos; incremento del uso de alternativas para la comunicación, el intercambio erótico y sexual; manifestaciones de violencia en el espacio íntimo de la pareja e impacto de la emigración en la dinámica y satisfacción de las relaciones de parejas.

ABSTRACT The objective of the research is to diagnose parental involvement in the education of children during the health emergency generated by COVID 19, where they were forced to stay at home with their children, sharing most of the educational process, and adapting to a new modality of virtual studies with the use of technological tools and resources. The research presents a qualitative-quantitative, descriptive approach through surveys of parents, through the Google Drive application, which allowed to analyze by statistical data the involvement of the education of their children, in which most parents were not prepared for this challenge.

RESUMEN El objetivo de la investigación es realizar un diagnóstico de la participación de los padres en la educación de los hijos durante la emergencia sanitaria generada por la COVID 19, donde se vieron forzados a permanecer en casa junto a sus hijos, compartiendo la mayor parte del proceso educativo, y adaptándose a una nueva modalidad de estudios virtuales con el uso de herramientas y recursos tecnológicos. La investigación presenta un enfoque cuali-cuantitativo, de nivel descriptivo por medio de encuestas a padres de familia, mediante la aplicación de Google Drive, la cual permitió analizar mediante datos estadísticos la implicación de la educación de sus hijos, en la cual la mayoría de los padres de familia no estaban preparados para este reto.

RESUMO Objetivos: Avaliar a percepção do risco de exposição da Doença de Coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19), conhecimento sobre medidas de proteção pessoal entre os profissionais de oftalmologia latino-americanos e priorização de pacientes com Covid-19. Métodos: Pesquisa anônima voluntária autoadministrada (formulários do Google Drive) distribuída por mensagem de texto para profissionais de oftalmologia em 1º a 5 de maio de 2020. Resultados: Trezentos e setenta e um profissionais completaram a pesquisa (taxa de resposta de 45%), composta por 118 residentes (27,6%), 111 oftalmologistas (40,5%) e 142 subespecialistas (32,8%). 106 profissionais (32,6%) sentiram-se em alto risco de adquirir o COVID-19 no trabalho. 273 (69,1%) acreditavam que as diretrizes atuais não são suficientes para identificar os pacientes com COVID-19. 265 (59,5%) não tinham treinamento para usar os equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI) e, mesmo com seu uso correto, 341 (91,5%) ainda se sentiram em risco de adquirir COVID-19. 80% consideraram que a equipe de trabalho não tem conhecimento de protocolos nacionais para o atendimento aos pacientes com COVID-19. Apenas 9 dos profissionais (2%) consideraram mudar a profissão para minimizar o risco de contágio por COVID-19. Conclusão: Esta pesquisa mostra a escassez de pessoal e treinamento específico que os praticantes de oftalmologia na América Latina enfrentam em sua prática diária. Essas preocupações e ansiedade parecem ser as mesmas em todo o mundo com a pandemia de COVID- 19. É importante reforçar a confiança dos profissionais de oftalmologia nas diretrizes atuais de atendimento ao paciente com COVID-19 e também disponibilizar programas de treinamento sobre o uso de EPI e também itens de EPI disponíveis em todos os momentos para garantir a qualidade do atendimento e a disseminação mínima da doença.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To assess the perception of Latin American ophthalmology practitioners regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exposure risk, knowledge about personal protection measures, and prioritization of patients. Methods: Self-administered voluntary anonymous survey (Google Drive forms) was distributed via text message to ophthalmology practitioners from May 01 to May 05, 2020. Results: Three hundred seventy-one practitioners (45% response rate) comprising 118 (27.6%) residents, 111 (40.5%) ophthalmologists, and 142 (32.8%) sub-specialists completed the survey. Among them, 106 (32.6%) thought that they were at a high risk of acquiring COVID-19 during the course of work. Furthermore, 273 (69.1%) believed that the current guidelines were insufficient to identify COVID-19 patients. The survey also revealed that 265 (59.5%) were not trained to use personal protective equipment (PPE), and even with its correct use, 341 (91.5%) still felt that they were at risk of acquiring COVID-19. Moreover, 80% of the respondents were of the view that staff members were not knowledgeable about national protocols for attending COVID-19 patients. However, only 9 (2%) considered changing their profession to ameliorate COVID-19 contagion risk. Conclusion: This survey has revealed the issues faced by ophthalmology practitioners in Latin America during their routine practice. These concerns and anxiety about COVID- 19 pandemic seem to be the same worldwide. It is important to reinforce the confidence of ophthalmology practitioners on current guidelines for attending COVID-19 patients. It is also necessary to conduct training programs on PPE usage and ensure that PPE items are available at all times to enhance the quality of care and minimize the spread of the disease.

Resumen En los últimos años, la herramienta mayormente visibilizada durante el proceso de internacionalización de las instituciones de educación superior ha sido la movilidad estudiantil. Una manera novedosa de analizar esta estrategia es hacerlo desde la satisfacción de las personas participantes. Para ello, el objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar un análisis de las percepciones y la satisfacción de dicha experiencia para el alumnado de dos departamentos de la Universidad Nacional del Sur, Argentina. El diseño metodológico se basó en la realización de una encuesta y de entrevistas personales. El cuestionario de la encuesta fue creado a través de la herramienta GForms de Google Drive. Esta consta de cuatro secciones con preguntas de tipo cerradas, de elección única, de elección múltiple y de escala de Likert. La primera sección se orienta a obtener datos personales y socioeconómicos del alumnado; la segunda indaga acerca de los motivos que llevaron a que el alumnado participe en un programa de movilidad; la tercera contiene preguntas de valoración sobre la organización de la movilidad y la cuarta se relaciona con el grado de satisfacción de la experiencia por parte del estudiantado. Los resultados arrojaron un alto nivel de satisfacción general del alumnado de ambos departamentos con la experiencia de movilidad vivida. Si bien la posibilidad de participar en la movilidad pareciera estar al alcance de todos, la factibilidad desde lo socioeconómico continúa siendo de carácter elitista. Realizar una estancia académica en el extranjero durante la carrera de grado tiene múltiples beneficios en la formación académica y en el desarrollo personal de las personas estudiantes. Esto se observó en la coherencia de sus motivaciones con sus apreciaciones finales sobre la experiencia. Las recomendaciones apuntan sobre todo a lograr el reconocimiento total de las asignaturas realizadas en la universidad de destino.

Abstract Student mobility has recently become one of the most visible aspects of the internationalization of higher education institutions. A novel way of analyzing this strategy is to survey participant satisfaction. Student perception and satisfaction of was analyzed for two departments at the Universidad Nacional del Sur in Argentina. The methodological design was based on a survey and personal interviews. The survey questionnaire was created via GForms from Google Drive with four sections close-ended, single choice, multiple choice and Likert scale questions. The first section is aimed at obtaining personal and socioeconomic data from the students. The second section addresses the reasons that led students to participate in a mobility program; the third consists of assessment questions regarding how well the mobility program was organized and the fourth section addresses the degree of student satisfaction about the experience. The results reveal a high level of overall satisfaction among the students in both departments regarding their mobility experience. Although the possibility of participating in a mobility experience seems to be available to everyone, its feasibility, from a socio-economic point of view, remains elitist. A study abroad program during a student´s undergraduate degree has multiple benefits for both academic training and student personal development, arising from a coherence between their motivation compared to the final assessment of their experience. The resulting recommendations will be used to help obtain full recognition of courses taken at the host university.