Resumen Goniozus legneri Gordh (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) es un ectoparasitoide larval de lepidópteros con antecedentes como biocontrolador de varias plagas agrícolas alrededor del mundo. Mediante un extensivo monitoreo, se encontró a esta avispa en cuatro distritos distantes de la provincia de Mendoza parasitando a tres lepidópteros plaga: Lobesia botrana (Den. et Shiff.) en vid, a Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) en nogal y “espinillo” (Vachellia caven (Molina) Seigler et Ebinger) y a Cydia pomonella (L.) en nogal. Para corroborar la identificación de la especie del parasitoide y evaluar la viabilidad de la población silvestre, se realizaron estudios de la genitalia de machos y entrecruzamientos de avispas silvestres con otras seleccionadas de una cría de laboratorio. Asimismo, es la primera vez que se reporta su presencia como parasitoide de L. botrana en viñedos de Argentina en condiciones naturales de cultivo.

Abstract Goniozus legneri Gordh (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) is a larval ectoparasitoid of lepidopterans, with a worldwide history as a biocontrol agent of various agricultural pests. By means of extensive monitoring, this wasp was found in four distant districts of Mendoza province parasitizing three lepidopteran pests: Lobesia botrana (Den. et Shiff.) in grapevine, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) in walnut and “espinillo” (Vachellia caven (Molina) Seigler et Ebinger) and Cydia pomonella (L.) in walnut. To corroborate the parasitoid species identification and to analyze its population viability in this region, studies of male genitalia and sexual crossings between wild and laboratory-reared wasps were conducted. Further, we report for the first time the natural host-parasitoid interaction of L. botrana with this parasitoid in vineyards from Argentina.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo inventariar os insetos herbívoros associados a frutos e sementes de Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong (Fabaceae) e seus parasitoides primários e secundários. De seis amostras coletadas entre maio e outubro de 2013, obteve-se 210 frutos, dos quais emergiram 326 insetos pertencentes a seis ordens: Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Thysanoptera e Psocoptera. Coleoptera (cinco famílias) foi representada pelos consumidores de sementes: Merobruchus bicoloripes Pic, Stator sp. Bridwell (Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae), Silvanidae sp. 1 e sp. 2, Scolytinae sp. (Curculionidae), Nitidulidae sp. e Cerambycidae sp. A última espécie também foi observada formando galerias no mesocarpo do fruto. Indivíduos imaturos de Lepidoptera também foram observados consumindo os frutos e sementes. Dos Hymenoptera (sete famílias), duas espécies foram associadas a Coleoptera, sendo Horismenus Walker sp. (Eulophidae) parasitoide de M. bicoloripes e Neoheterospilus falcatus (Marsh) (Braconidae) parasitoide de Scolytinae. Os parasitoides de Lepidoptera foram totalizados em quatro gêneros: Pseudophanerotoma Zetel e Chelonus Panzer (Braconidae), Orgilus Nees (Braconidae) e Goniozus Forster (Bethylidae). As interações para os parasitoides Bracon Fabricius (Braconidae), Pimplinae sp. (Ichneumonidae) e Perilampus Forster (Perilampidae) não foram confirmadas. Nós encontramos apenas um único representante de Diptera (Tachinidae) como parasitoide de Lepidoptera nesta rede trófica.

Abstract This study aimed to inventory the herbivore insects associated with Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong (Fabaceae) fruits and seeds and their primary and secondary parasitoids. Six samples collected between May and October 2013 yielded 210 fruits, from which 326 insects of six orders emerged: Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Thysanoptera and Psocoptera. Coleoptera (five families) was represented by the seed consumers Merobruchus bicoloripes Pic, Stator sp. Bridwell (Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae), two species of Silvanidae, one species of Scolytinae (Curculionidae), one species of Nitidulidae and one species of Cerambycidae. The cerambycid was also observed forming galleries on fruit mesocarp. Immature individuals of Lepidoptera were observed consuming the fruits and seeds. From the seven Hymenoptera families, only two species were associated with Coleoptera, being Horismenus Walker sp. (Eulophidae) as parasitoid of M. bicoloripes, and Neoheterospilus falcatus (Marsh) (Braconidae) as parasitoid of Scolytinae. The Lepidoptera parasitoids represented four genera: Pseudophanerotoma Zetel, Chelonus Panzer (Braconidae), Orgilus Nees (Braconidae) and Goniozus Forster (Bethylidae). The host associations for the reared parasitoids Bracon Fabricius (Braconidae), Pimplinae sp. (Ichneumonidae) and Perilampus Forster (Perilampidae) were not confirmed. We obtained a single representative of Diptera (Tachinidae) associated with Lepidoptera hosts in this food web.

The objective of this study is to identify the arthropod species that causes seed loss during the pre-dispersal stage of Ramorinoa girolae Speg (chica), in Ischigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan province, Argentina). In January 2013, we randomly collected 10 fruits from the crown of 17 adult R. girolae trees found at three sites separated by approximately 4 km. Each fruit was kept in separate closed jars for 6 months, until the adult arthropods emerged. Different arthropod species were found to be associated with R. girolae fruit. Seed loss was caused by Anypsipyla univitella (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae), whose larva lives inside the fruit and can consume up to 4 seeds during its development. This larva causes up to 60% of seed loss during the pre-dispersal stage. A parasitoid of the genus Goniozus sp. (Himenoptera, Chrysidoidea, Bethylidae) was found in association with the arthro-pod in more than 65% of the cases.

En el presente trabajo se buscó identificar las especies de artrópodos que causan pérdida de semillas en la etapa pre-dispersiva de Ramorinoa girolae Speg (chica), en el Parque Provincial Ischigualasto (San Juan, Argentina). Durante enero del 2013 se recolectaron 10 frutos al azar, por árbol, de las copas de 17 individuos adultos de tres subpoblaciones separadas 4 km entre ellas. Los frutos se colocaron en frascos individuales y se esperó 6 meses la emergencia de los artrópodos adultos. Varias especies de artrópodos se encuentran asociados a los frutos. La pérdida de semillas fue causada por Anypsipyla univitella (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae), cuya larva habita en el interior del fruto y consume hasta 4 semillas en su desarrollo, provocando un 60% de daño en la producción. En más del 65% de los casos, las larvas se encontraron asociadas a un parasitoide, Goniozus sp. (Himenoptera, Chrysidoidea, Bethylidae).

Codling (Cydiapomonella) and carob moths (Ectomyelois ceratoniae) are important pests of apples and walnuts in Chile. During fruit samplings, a parasitoid was found attacking the larvae of these species. Because there was no previous information on larval parasitoids of them in Chile, a study was conducted with the objectives of identifying the parasitoid species found, to gain information on its biology and to determine how widespread it was in central Chile. Fruits from apple and walnut trees were sampled in different localities of central Chile, from the Metropolitan to the VII Region. The species found in the fruits attacking the larvae of the codling and carob moths was Goniozus legneri. The mean parasitism observed in laboratory conditions was 50 and 33% in C. pomonella and E. ceratoniae, respectively. The number of eggs laid per host in C. pomonella was 10.8 ± 3.8 and in E. ceratoniae was 8.3 ± 3.8. This is the first report of this parasitoid species in Chile

La polilla de la manzana (Cydia pomonella) y del algarrobo (Ectomyelois ceratoniaé) son plagas importantes de manzanos y nogales en Chile. Durante monitoreos de fruta se encontró un betílido atacando larvas de estas especies. Como no existía conocimiento previo de parasitoides de larvas de estas especies en Chile, se realizó un estudio para determinar la especie, estudiar su biología y establecer su dispersión en Chile central. Con este propósito se muestrearon frutos de nogales y manzanos provenientes de árboles con y sin aplicaciones de pesticidas, en distintas localidades ubicadas entre la Región Metropolitana y la VII Región, donde se encontró Goniozus legneri atacando a larvas de polilla de la manzana y polilla del algarrobo. El parasitismo promedio observado en laboratorio fue de 33 y 50% en E. ceratoniaé y en C. pomonella respectivamente. El número de huevos por larva de C. pomonella fue de 10.8 + 3.8 y en E. ceratoniaé fue 8.3 + 3.8. Este constituye el primer reporte de esta especie parasotoide para Chile

First record of Goniozus legneri Gordh, parasitizing larva of Cydia pomonella (L), "codlingh moth", in apple and walnut orchard from the Alto Valle de Río Negro. Discover, morphology, distribution, biology, and influence on the "codling moth" population are briefly commented.

Se reporta por primera vez para la zona del Alto Valle de Río Negro, a Goniozus legneri Gordh, parasitando naturalmente larvas de Cydia pomonella (L), "carpocapsa", en montes comerciales de manzanos y nogales. Se comentan brevemente su hallazgo, características morfológicas, distribución, biología e influencia en las poblaciones de "carpocapsa".