ABSTRACT The cowpea is a legume that is widely grown in the north-east of Brazil, and which has been gaining ground in other regions of the country. The main producer is the state of Ceará, with a large planted-area, albeit low productivity due to a lack of producer technology and adapted cultivars. The aim of this study was to identify and recommend superior genotypes in terms of adaptability and stability under rainfed and irrigated conditions, in addition to genotypes with reduced grain darkening. To this end, six experiments were conducted in different districts of Ceará (Crato, Pentecoste, Crateús, Madalena, Bela Cruz and Limoeiro do Norte) and one laboratory experiment, to evaluate grain darkening. The experimental design of the field trials was of randomised blocks, with 14 genotypes and 4 replications. The analysis of variance showed a significant effect from the genotypes and environments and their interaction, so GGE Biplot analysis was carried out to evaluate adaptability and stability. To evaluate grain darkening, a completely randomised design was used in a simple factorial scheme with six previously selected genotypes and five different storage times (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 months). There was a significant effect from the genotypes and storage time. Genotype 1 showed the least darkening, and can be recommended for environments to which it is best adapted (Crato and Crateús). Genotype 9 was considered the most stable for grain yield, and can be more broadly recommended for the semi-arid region of the state of Ceará. northeast north east Brazil country plantedarea, plantedarea planted area, area planted-area cultivars conditions darkening end Crato, Crato Pentecoste Crateús Madalena Norte experiment blocks replications interaction 0, 0 (0 2 months. months . months) time Crateús. Crateús) yield semiarid semi arid (

ABSTRACT: With advancements in coffee cultivation, several traits may be considered in selection of plants, which must exhibit a set of favorable characteristics. The outturn index, defined as the relationship between the mass of mature fruit and processed beans, emerges as a key factor influencing productivity. This study characterized the outturn over two harvests of 57 clones marketed in the public domain and 10 registered cultivars. The analysis considers the effects of genotypes, measurements, and genetic progress achieved through plant selection. According to the maturation cycle of each clone, washed samples of cherry coffee were collected considering a completely randomized factorial design for characterization of the effects of genotypes, years, and the genotype × years (GY) interaction. The drying, peeling, and the outturn index were individually assessed. Despite the significant effects of the GY interaction, genotypes demonstrated minimal alterations in their ranking across measurements. Clones with higher outturn, including LB30, BRS1216, LB12, N7, LB10, LB20, BRS3220, and AS5, exhibited an average outturn of 25.51%, reflecting a gain of 12.17%. Conversely, clones with lower outturn, such as BG180, GJ30, GJ20, AS7, AS10, P42, N1, and P60, had an average of 19.15%, indicating a reduction of 14.02% compared to the general mean. Analyzing the distribution of the outturn values, 19.4%, 62.7%, and 17.9% of genotypes were classified as high, medium, and low outturn, respectively, providing valuable insights for optimal cultivation strategies. ABSTRACT plants characteristics beans productivity 5 1 cultivars measurements clone (GY interaction drying peeling assessed LB30 LB BRS1216 BRS LB12 N7 N LB10 LB20 BRS3220 AS5 AS 2551 25 51 25.51% 1217 12 17 12.17% Conversely BG180 BG GJ30 GJ GJ20 AS7 AS10 P42 P N1 P60 1915 19 15 19.15% 1402 14 02 14.02 mean values 194 4 19.4% 627 62 7 62.7% 179 9 17.9 high medium respectively strategies LB3 BRS121 LB1 LB2 BRS322 255 2 25.51 121 12.17 BG18 GJ3 GJ2 AS1 P4 P6 191 19.15 140 0 14.0 19.4 6 62.7 17. BRS12 BRS32 25.5 12.1 BG1 19.1 14. 19. 62. BRS1 BRS3 25. 12.

RESUMO: Com o avanço da cafeicultura, múltiplas características devem ser consideradas na seleção de plantas, que devem apresentar um conjunto de atributos favoráveis. O rendimento, definido como a relação de massas entre os frutos maduros e os grãos processados, é um importante componente da produtividade. Este estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar o rendimento ao longo de duas colheitas de 57 clones comercializados em domínio público e 10 cultivares registradas. A análise considera efeitos de genótipos, medições e estimativas de ganhos com a seleção. De acordo com o ciclo de maturação de cada clone, amostras de café cereja foram colhidas considerando um delineamento fatorial inteiramente ao acaso para a caracterização dos efeitos de genótipos, anos e interação genótipo × anos (GA). A secagem, o descascamento e o rendimento foram avaliados individualmente. Apesar dos efeitos significativos da interação GA, os genótipos apresentaram pequenas mudanças no ordenamento de uma medição para a outra. Clones com maior rendimento, entre eles, LB30, BRS1216, LB12, N7, LB10, LB20, BRS3220 e AS5 apresentaram rendimento médio de 25,51% associado a estimativas de ganho de 12,17%. Por outro lado, clones de menor rendimento, como BG180, GJ30, GJ20, AS7, AS10, P42, N1 e P60 tiveram uma média de 19,15% associada a uma redução de 14,02%. A partir da distribuição dos valores, 19,4, 62,7 e 17,9% dos genótipos apresentaram rendimento classificados como alto, médio e baixo, subsidiando o melhor cultivo dos genótipos avaliados. RESUMO cafeicultura plantas favoráveis processados produtividade 5 1 registradas clone GA. GA . (GA) secagem individualmente outra eles LB30 LB BRS1216 BRS LB12 N7 N LB10 LB20 BRS322 AS 2551 25 51 25,51 1217 12 17 12,17% lado BG180 BG GJ30 GJ GJ20 AS7 AS10 P42 P P6 1915 19 15 19,15 1402 14 02 14,02% valores 194 4 19,4 627 62 7 62, 179 9 17,9 alto baixo (GA LB3 BRS121 LB1 LB2 BRS32 255 2 25,5 121 12,17 BG18 GJ3 GJ2 AS1 P4 191 19,1 140 0 14,02 19, 6 17, BRS12 BRS3 25, 12,1 BG1 14,0 BRS1 12, 14,

RESUMO Este estudo foca no desempenho de vacas para produção de carne, criadas nos pântanos do Paraguai, examinando cinco genótipos bovinos; Brahman, Brangus, Nelore, bem como duas raças locais em risco de extinção. O principal objetivo é identificar e classificar variáveis fenotípicas que incluem variáveis sanguíneas, clínicas, de pelagem e saúde, demonstrando ligação causal com o peso vivo das vacas analisadas. Inicialmente, foram identificadas correlações elevadas entre diferentes variáveis incluídas neste estudo, e, então, utilizando técnicas avançadas de aprendizado de máquina e a aplicação de explicações aditivas de Shapley (SHAP), foi proporcionado um entendimento mais profundo dos fatores fortemente associados à adaptabilidade nestes ambientes, e, portanto, o respectivo desempenho zootécnico. A associação entre o componente genotípico bovino ligado à estação do ano mostrou ser o fator influente mais predominante sobre o peso vivo bovino. Variáveis como comprimento do pelo, hematócrito, fosfatase, fósforo, creatina phosphokinase, creatinina, proteína, cortisol, cálcio e a presença de endoparasitas foram destacadas, demonstrando sua importância hierárquica para a seleção animal. Os modelos de ML são ferramentas eficazes para estabelecer hierarquias de relevância em multivariáveis fenotípicas complexas, o que é crucial em programas de melhoramento genético em diferentes espécies zootécnicas, bem como em ambientes especiais e específicos, como os pântanos. carne Paraguai bovinos Brahman Brangus Nelore extinção sanguíneas clínicas saúde analisadas Inicialmente então SHAP, SHAP , (SHAP) portanto zootécnico pelo hematócrito fosfatase fósforo phosphokinase creatinina proteína cortisol destacadas animal complexas zootécnicas específicos (SHAP

ABSTRACT This study focuses on the performance of cows for meat production raised in the wetlands of Paraguay, examining five cattle genotypes: Brahman, Brangus, and Nelore, as well as two local breeds at risk of extinction. The main objective is to identify and rank phenotypic variables, including blood, clinical, hair, and health variables, demonstrating causal linkage with the live weight of the cows analyzed. Initially, high correlations were identified between different variables included in this study; then, using advanced Machine learning (ML) techniques and the application of Shapley additive explanations (SHAP), a deeper understanding was provided of the factors strongly associated with adaptability in these environments, and, therefore, the respective zootechnical performance. The association between cattle genotypic components linked with the season of the year proved to be the most influential factor on cattle live weight. Variables such as hair length, hematocrit, phosphatase, phosphorus, creatine phosphokinase, creatinine, protein, cortisol, calcium, and the presence of endoparasites were highlighted, demonstrating their hierarchical importance for animal selection. ML models are effective tools for establishing hierarchies of relevance in complex phenotypic multivariable, which is crucial in breeding programs for different zootechnical species and in special and specific environments like wetlands. Paraguay genotypes Brahman Brangus Nelore extinction blood clinical analyzed Initially then (ML SHAP, SHAP , (SHAP) therefore length hematocrit phosphatase phosphorus phosphokinase creatinine protein cortisol calcium highlighted selection multivariable (SHAP

ABSTRACT The characterisation and evaluation of accessions are important steps in both the management of a germplasm collection and in a plant genetic improvement program. Carrying out characterisation and evaluation, whether morphological or molecular, requires observing the overall features of plants in the field, or collecting leaves for DNA extraction, which is time consuming and costly; whereas DNA extracted directly from the seeds allows access to the genome without the need for planting the seeds, which speeds up the selection of genotypes of interest and information on genetic variability. The aim was to develop a non-destructive method for extracting DNA from cashew seeds. The seeds were mechanically perforated using a mini-grinder, and a sample of the endosperm was removed. Various protocols and commercial kits for DNA extraction were tested, as well as materials to seal the opening made in the seed. It is possible to extract cashew tree DNA from the endosperm, preferably using commercial kits with cementitious adhesive as the sealing material, offering a germination percentage of 60% of the perforated seeds. program molecular field costly variability nondestructive non destructive minigrinder, minigrinder mini grinder, grinder mini-grinder removed tested seed material 60 6

ABSTRACT: The study of genotypic relationships between drought tolerance indices and agronomic traits of interest in wheat breeding is useful for designing selection strategies. The objective of this research was to investigate the cause-and-effect relationships between agronomic traits and drought tolerance indices through the analysis of canonical correlations. Two trials (control and stress) were conducted in winter 2020 in Viçosa, MG, Brazil. The traits evaluated were: (days for heading, plant height, mass and number of grains per spike, mass of one hundred grains, and grain yield). Grain yield data from the control and stress conditions were used to construct five drought tolerance indices. The data were subjected to mixed model analysis for estimation of genetic parameters and prediction of genotypic values (REML/BLUP), and then the genotypic values were used to calculate the correlation coefficients between the traits. Two groups of traits were established for the study of canonical correlations, the first group consisting of agronomic traits and the second by drought tolerance indices. There was a significant genotype effect for all evaluated traits. The canonical pairs were significant, which indicated the existence of dependence between the groups. Days to heading trait can be used in the indirect selection of wheat genotypes for drought tolerance. ABSTRACT strategies causeandeffect cause correlations 202 Viçosa MG Brazil days height spike yield. . yield) REML/BLUP, REMLBLUP REML/BLUP , REML BLUP (REML/BLUP) 20 (REML/BLUP 2

RESUMO: O estudo das relações genotípicas entre índices de tolerância à seca e caracteres agronômicos de interesse no melhoramento de trigo é útil para traçar estratégias de seleção. Objetivou-se com este trabalho investigar as relações de causa e efeito entre características agronômicas e índices de tolerância à seca via análise de correlações canônicas. Dois ensaios (controle e estresse) foram conduzidos no inverno de 2020 em Viçosa, MG, Brasil. Foram avaliados os caracteres (dias para o espigamento, altura da planta, massa e número de grãos por espiga, massa de cem grãos e rendimento de grãos). Os dados de produtividade dos ensaios de controle e estresse foram utilizados para construir cinco índices de tolerância à seca. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de modelos mistos para estimação dos parâmetros genéticos e predição dos valores genotípicos (REML/BLUP), em seguida, os valores genotípicos foram utilizados para calcular os coeficientes de correlação entre os caracteres. Dois grupos de caracteres foram estabelecidos para o estudo das correlações canônicas, sendo o primeiro grupo constituído pelas variáveis agronômicas e o segundo pelos índices de tolerância à seca. Houve efeito significativo de genótipo para todas as características avaliadas. Os pares canônicos foram significativos, o que indicou a existência de dependência entre os grupos. O caráter dias para o espigamento pode ser utilizado na seleção indireta de genótipos de trigo para tolerância à seca. RESUMO Objetivouse Objetivou se canônicas 202 Viçosa MG Brasil planta espiga grãos. . grãos) REML/BLUP, REMLBLUP REML/BLUP , REML BLUP (REML/BLUP) seguida avaliadas significativos 20 (REML/BLUP 2

ABSTRACT: Studies on the improvement of hops (Humulus lupulus) in Brazil are recent and seek to establish self-sufficiency in production. Knowledge of the variability of genotypes available in the country is of fundamental importance for the development of a hop improvement program. The objective of the research was to characterize and identify hop parents with agronomic and brewing potential for the Planalto Catarinense region, Brazil. The randomized block design arranged in a 3x4 factorial scheme was used with 12 treatments: (Factor 1: three years of cultivation (2019, 2020 and 2021) and combined with factor: four genotypes (Cascade, Chinook, Columbus and Hallertau). The characters evaluated were fresh mass of plants (MFP, g), green mass of cones (MTV, g), dry mass of cones (MSC, g), alpha-acid content (ALFA, %) and production (PROD, g per plant). The Hallertauer genotype showed better performance and differentiated behavior for the characters of fresh mass of plants, dry mass of cones and production, when compared to the others. Thus, from these results it was observed that there is variation available for the genetic improvement of hops for these characters, a factor that will allow obtaining productive gains in the development of new cultivars, based on this promising genotype. ABSTRACT Humulus lupulus selfsufficiency self sufficiency program region x 3x 1 treatments Factor 2019, 2019 (2019 202 2021 Cascade, Cascade (Cascade Chinook Hallertau. Hallertau . Hallertau) MFP, MFP (MFP g, , g) MTV, MTV (MTV MSC, MSC (MSC alphaacid alpha acid ALFA, ALFA (ALFA % PROD, PROD (PROD plant. plant plant) others Thus cultivars 201 (201 20 (20 2 (2 (

RESUMO: Os estudos visando o melhoramento de lúpulo (Humulus lupulus) no Brasil são recentes e buscam estabelecer a autossuficiência da produção. O conhecimento da variabilidade dos genótipos disponíveis no país é de fundamental importância para o desenvolvimento de um programa de melhoramento de lúpulo. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar genitores de lúpulo com potencial agronômico e cervejeiro para o Planalto Catarinense, Brasil. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3x4 com 12 tratamentos: Fator 1: três anos de cultivo (2019, 2020 e 2021) e combinado com o fator 2: quatro genótipos (Cascade, Chinook, Columbus e Hallertau). Os caracteres avaliados foram a massa fresca de plantas (MFP, g), massa verde de cones (MTV, g), a massa seca de cones (MSC, g), os teores de alfa-ácidos (ALFA, %) e a produção (PROD, g per planta). O genótipo Hallertauer demonstrou melhor desempenho e comportamento diferenciado para os caracteres de massa fresca de plantas, massa seca de cones e produção, quando comparado aos demais. Assim, a partir destes resultados observou-se que, existe variação disponível ao melhoramento genético do lúpulo para esses caracteres, fator que permitirá obter ganhos produtivos no desenvolvimento de novas cultivares, a partir deste genótipo promissor. RESUMO Humulus lupulus Catarinense x 3x 1 tratamentos 2019, 2019 (2019 202 2021 2 Cascade, Cascade (Cascade Chinook Hallertau. Hallertau . Hallertau) MFP, MFP (MFP g, , g) MTV, MTV (MTV MSC, MSC (MSC alfaácidos alfa ácidos ALFA, ALFA (ALFA % PROD, PROD (PROD planta. planta planta) demais Assim observouse observou se cultivares promissor 201 (201 20 (20 (2 (

ABSTRACT Ornamental pepper plants have genetic variability, which can be accessed through morphological and molecular traits. Genotype selection to form the base population for breeding can be performed through the joint analysis of several types of data, providing greater selection accuracy. From this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate the diversity among pepper accessions based on analysis of phenotypic traits and molecular markers and to select the best ones to use as parents in breeding programs. The study was carried out at the Centro de Ciências Agrárias of the Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. Sixteen ornamental pepper genotypes were used and characterized for eight quantitative traits, nine qualitative traits, and 18 pairs of microsatellite primers. Simultaneous variable analyses were performed using Tocher’s clustering method, Ward’s clustering algorithm, and the dissimilarity matrix. The clustering methods were efficient in separating the genotypes, identifying genetic variability, and accuracy in the selection through the joint analysis of quantitative, qualitative, and molecular data. Different groups were formed among the genotypes by Tocher’s method (six groups) and Ward’s method (three groups). There is genetic variability among ornamental pepper genotypes considering the joint analysis of quantitative, qualitative, and molecular data. Qualitative traits are important in the identification of genetic divergence among ornamental pepper accessions. The UFPB genotypes 46, 134, 137, 443 and 449, the mini pepper Akamu, and the cultivar Calypso are indicated for selection and can be used to carry out crosses and continue the breeding program. data perspective programs Paraíba Brazil 1 primers Tochers Tocher s Wards Ward algorithm matrix six three groups. . 46 134 137 44 449 Akamu program 4 13

RESUMO As pimenteiras ornamentais apresentam variabilidade genética que pode ser acessada por meio de caracteres morfológicos e moleculares. A seleção de genótipos para formação de população base para o melhoramento pode ser realizada por meio de análise conjunta de vários tipos de dados, proporcionando maior precisão na seleção. Nessa perspectiva, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a diversidade entre acessos de pimenta com base na análise de características fenotípicas e marcadores moleculares e selecionar os melhores para serem utilizados como parentais em programas de melhoramento. O trabalho foi realizado no Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Paraíba, Brasil. Foram utilizados 16 genótipos de pimenteiras ornamentais, e caracterizados quanto a oito caracteres quantitativos, nove qualitativos e 18 pares de iniciadores microssatélites. As análises simultâneas das variáveis foram realizadas usando o método de agrupamento de Tocher, agrupamento do algoritmo de Ward e a matriz de dissimilaridades. Os métodos de agrupamentos foram eficientes na separação dos genótipos, identificando variabilidade genética e precisão na seleção por meio da análise conjunta de dados quantitativos, qualitativos e moleculares. Diferentes grupos foram formados entre os genótipos pelo método de Tocher (seis grupos) e pelo método de Ward (três grupos). Existe variabilidade genética entre os genótipos de pimenteiras ornamentais, considerando análise conjunta de dados quantitativos, qualitativos e moleculares. Características qualitativas são importantes na identificação de divergência genética entre acessos de pimenteira ornamental. Os genótipos UFPB 46, 134, 137, 443 e 449, o mini pimentão Akamu e a cultivar Calypso são indicados para seleção, podem ser utilizados para realizar cruzamentos e dar continuidade ao programa de melhoramento genético. perspectiva Paraíba Brasil 1 quantitativos microssatélites dissimilaridades seis três grupos. . ornamental 46 134 137 44 449 genético 4 13

Abstract Introduction. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is considered one of the most important crops in the world. Genetic improvement of tomatoes has employed different methods to generate variability, and mutation the induction of mutations is one of the techniques used to obtaining improved varieties. The first step in using this tool is studying radiosensitivity to determine the irradiation dose to be used. Objective. To determine the radiosensitivity and the dose of cobalt-60 gamma rays to be used in three tomato varieties. Materials and methods. This research was conducted in January 2020 at the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas of Cuba. Seeds of three tomato varieties were irradiated with cobalt-60 gamma rays, with doses ranging from 100 Gy to 900 Gy, at intervals of 100 Gy; an unirradiated control was also used. The percentage of germination, plant height, and seedling survival were evaluated. Results. It was observed that higher irradiation dose reduced germination, survival, and plant height. The IDIAP T-7 and IDIAP T-9 varieties reduced germination at a dose of 400 Gy, while the DINA RPs cultivar reduced germination at 300 Gy. Genotypes showed survival values below 50 % at a dose of 800 Gy. Height reduction began at doses of 200 Gy for IDIAP T-7, 300 Gy for DINA RPs, and 400 Gy for IDIAP T-9. Conclusion. The DL-50 doses were identified as 692, 588, and 630 Gy, and the GR-50 doses were 407, 467, and 380 Gy for the IDIAP T-7, IDIAP T-9, and DINA RPs varieties, respectively. The GR-50 dose of each variety was selected for the mutation breeding program.

Resumen Introducción. El tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) es considerado uno de los cultivos más importantes en el mundo. La mejora genética del tomate ha empleado diferentes métodos para generar variabilidad, la inducción de mutaciones es una de las técnicas empleadas en la obtención de variedades mejoradas. El primer paso, en el uso de esta herramienta, es el estudio de radiosensibilidad para determinar la dosis de irradiación a emplear. Objetivo. Determinar la radiosensibilidad y la dosis de rayos gamma de cobalto-60 a emplear en tres variedades de tomate. Materiales y métodos. Esta investigación se desarrolló en enero del año 2020, en el Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas de Cuba. Se irradiaron con rayos gamma de Cobalto-60 semillas de tres variedades de tomate, con dosis entre 100 Gy y 900 Gy, con intervalos de dosis de 100 Gy; también se empleó un control sin irradiar. Se evaluaron el porcentaje de germinación, la altura y la sobrevivencia de las plántulas. Resultados. Se observó que a mayores dosis de irradiación se redujo la germinación, la sobrevivencia y la altura de las plántulas. Las variedades IDIAP T-7 e IDIAP T-9 redujeron su germinación a la dosis de 400 Gy y el cultivar DINA RPs a los 300 Gy. Los genotipos presentaron valores de sobrevivencia por debajo del 50 % a la dosis de 800 Gy. La reducción de altura inició a la dosis de 200 Gy para la variedad IDIAP T-7, 300 Gy para DINA RPs y 400 Gy para IDIAP T-9. Conclusión. Las dosis de DL-50 identificadas fueron 692, 588 y 630 Gy y las dosis deGR-50 fueron 407, 467 y 380 Gy para las variedades IDIAP T-7, IDIAP T-9 Y DINA RPs, respectivamente. Se seleccionó la dosis GR-50 de cada una de las variedades para el programa de mejora por mutaciones.

ABSTRACT The interaction between bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes and N-fixing microorganisms has the potential to be utilized in sustainable agricultural production. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the effects of the interaction for growth, production and nodulation characteristics between the bacteria Rhizobium tropici and Azospirillum brasilense among different bean genotypes. The experiments were conducted in the Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in 2018 and 2019, in randomized block design with three replicates in a 20 × 3 factorial scheme; 20 common bean genotypes were tested under three forms of inoculation (no inoculation, inoculation with R. tropici, co-inoculation of R. tropici + A. brasilense). The number of grains per pod and nodule mass had the most significant direct positive effect on grain yield. For nodulation, a positive correlation of strong magnitude was observed between mass of the aerial part and number of pods per plant (0.68), stem diameter and mass of nodules (0.92) and first pod insertion height and number of nodules (0.64). In the path analysis, the number of grains per pod had the most significant direct effect (0.57) on the grain productivity variable. Regarding nodulation characteristics, selection for nodule mass was preferred due to its direct effect on grain yield as opposed to the number of nodules, which has a negative effect. This suggests an advantage of larger nodules with greater individual mass than a large number of small nodules for both improved yield and N fixing by common bean plants.

ABSTRACT Research on genetic improvement for the cultivation of lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) in Colombia is limited. Specifically, research related to genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) and stability in agronomic traits is scarce. This study aimed to identify superior genotypes by evaluating GEI and the stability of fruit weight (FW), ascorbic acid (AA), and yield among 10 half-sib families (HSF). Four trials were established at San Pedro de Cartago, Arboleda, Tangua and La Union of the department of Nariño (Colombia), using the randomized complete block design with four repetitions. To analyze GEI, the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model and some AMMI stability parameters were used. In Tangua, HSF7 and the control exhibited specific adaptation with yields of 12.82 and 13.41 t ha-1, respectively, and FW greater than 100 g. In Arboleda, HSF29 obtained the highest yield (16.14 t ha-1) with an FW of 100.53 g. HSF4, HSF28 and HSF49 reached yields above 9.0 t ha-1 and a FW greater than 100 g, indicating their stability and suitability for any of the environments evaluated. HSF25 in AA and HSF29 in yield presented specific adaptation in Arboleda. Stable families across environments with good yield were HSF4, HSF28, and HSF49, with HSF4 and HSF28 showing higher values in two of the three traits, and HSF49 excelling in all three variables. These families can be used in plant breeding programs as parents or distributed to farmers as improved varieties.

RESUMEN La investigación sobre mejoramiento genético para el cultivo de lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) en Colombia es limitada. Especificamente, la investigación relacionada con la interacción genotipo-ambiente (IGA) y la estabilidad en caracteres agronómicos es escasa. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar genotipos sobresalientes mediante la evaluación de la IGA y la estabilidad del peso del fruto (PF), ácido ascórbico (AA) y rendimiento de 10 familias de medio hermanos (FMH). Se establecieron cuatro ensayos en San Pedro de Cartago, Arboleda, Tangua y La Unión del departamento de Nariño (Colombia), utilizando el diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Para analizar el IGA se utilizó el modelo aditivo de efectos principales e interacción multiplicativa (AMMI) y algunos parámetros de estabilidad AMMI. En Tangua, FMH7 y el control presentaron adaptación específica con rendimientos de 12,82 y 13,41 t ha-1, respectivamente y PF mayor a 100 g. En Arboleda, la FMH29 obtuvo el mayor rendimiento (16,14 t ha-1) con un PF de 100,53 g. FMH4, FMH28 y FMH49 alcanzaron rendimientos superiores a 9,0 t ha-1 y un PF mayor a 100 g, lo que indica su estabilidad e idoneidad para cualquiera de los ambientes evaluados. FMH25 en AA y FMH29 en rendimiento presentaron adaptación específica en Arboleda. Las familias estables en ambientes con buen rendimiento fueron FMH4, FMH28 y FMH49, donde FMH4 y FMH28 mostraron valores superiores en dos de los tres caracteres, y FMH49 destacó en las tres variables. Estas familias pueden utilizarse en programas de fitomejoramiento como parentales o entregarse a los agricultores como variedades mejoradas.

Abstract The state of Yucatan, known for its shallow Leptosol soils poses challenges to agriculture. Therefore, this study focused on examining ecophysiological attributes influencing the growth and yield determinants of six maize genotypes. The study assessed vegetative characteristics, growth rates, dry matter allocation, grain yield, and harvest index. All maize genotypes exhibited early maturity, a favorable trait under the climate conditions of Yucatan. Most genotypes exhibited superior growth rate and dry matter content when compared to the landrace Elotillo. Stem and grain were identified as the primary organs for dry matter accumulation, with 36% and 22% respectively. The highest grain yield was noted in hybrids Impacto and DK-390. This study provided valuable information for farmers in selecting suitable maize genotypes in Yucatan, although additional evaluations of different genotypes and management conditions are recommended.

Resumen El estado de Yucatán, conocido por sus suelos poco profundos de Leptosol plantea desafíos a la agricultura. Por lo tanto, este estudio se centró en examinar los atributos ecofisiológicos que influyen en los determinantes del crecimiento y rendimiento de seis genotipos de maíz. El estudio evaluó características vegetativas, tasas de crecimiento, distribución de materia seca, rendimiento de grano e índice de cosecha. Todos los genotipos de maíz mostraron madurez temprana, una característica favorable bajo las condiciones de clima de Yucatán. La mayoría de los genotipos exhibieron una tasa de crecimiento y un contenido de materia seca superiores en comparación con el genotipo nativo Elotillo. El tallo y el grano fueron identificados como los órganos primarios de acumulación de materia seca con 36% y 22%, respectivamente. El mayor rendimiento de grano se observó en los híbridos Impacto y DK-390. Este estudio proporcionó información valiosa para los agricultores al seleccionar genotipos de maíz adecuados en Yucatán, aunque se recomienda realizar evaluaciones adicionales con diferentes genotipos y condiciones de manejo.

Abstract In areas with arid and semi-arid climates, the availability and quality of water are critical factors for the development of agronomy. To face the challenge, an alternative for the use of this resource is the implementation of efficient and sustainable techniques such as the use of drip irrigation. The objective of the work was to analyze the agronomic behavior of rye under unfavorable water and temperature conditions to determine the effectiveness of phenotypic stability on La Costa de Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. Two rye genotypes were planted under a split plot experimental design (large plot: three water levels and small plot: two genotypes of seeds obtained in different cycles). The agronomic characteristics of the plant, the physicochemical characteristics of the grain were evaluated; and the significance between the different variables was determined with a correlation analysis. The analysis of variance revealed effects on plant height, number of spikes and grains, grain size, thousand grain weight, yield and protein content of rye due to the different water regimes used. Between 219-314 spikes per linear meter were obtained, with a commercially acceptable grain size (7.45-7.95 mm long x 2.18-2.40 mm wide). High yield values (1.72-3.11 t ha-1) were also observed, as well as excellent protein content (20.3-22.8%). These results demonstrate that rye is a versatile cereal that adapts to adverse environmental conditions such as a decrease in the amount of irrigation water and extremely high temperatures.

Resumen En zonas de clima árido y semiárido, la disponibilidad y la calidad del agua son factores críticos para el desarrollo de la agronomía. Para enfrentar el desafío, una alternativa para el aprovechamiento de este recurso es la implementación de técnicas eficientes y sostenibles como el uso de riego por goteo. El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar el comportamiento agronómico del centeno en condiciones desfavorables de agua y temperatura para determinar la efectividad de la estabilidad fenotípica en la Costa de Hermosillo, Sonora, México. Se sembraron dos genotipos de centeno bajo un diseño experimental de parcelas divididas (parcela grande: tres niveles de agua y parcela chica: dos genotipos de semillas obtenidas en ciclos diferentes). Se evaluaron las características agronómicas de la planta, las características fisicoquímicas del grano; y se determinó la significancia entre las distintas variables con un análisis de correlación. El análisis de varianza reveló efectos sobre la altura de la planta, el número de espigas y de granos, tamaño de grano, el peso de mil granos, rendimiento y contenido de proteína del centeno debido a los diferentes regímenes hídricos utilizados. Se obtuvieron entre 219-314 espigas por metro lineal, con tamaño de grano comercialmente aceptable (7.45-7.95 mm largo x 2.18-2.40 mm ancho). También se observaron valores de rendimiento altos (1.72-3.11 t ha-1), así como un excelente contenido de proteína (20.3-22.8%). Estos resultados demuestran que el centeno es un cereal versátil que se adapta a condiciones ambientales adversas como disminución en la cantidad de agua de riego y temperaturas extremadamente altas.

ABSTRACT The assembly of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) cannot be separated from the direction of qualitative character development. This is based on the role of qualitative characters in determining nutritional content and market segments. Therefore, the analysis of qualitative characters in the F4 multiple cross cayenne pepper population needs to be done in determining the direction of line development in the next generation. The purpose of this study was to identify the inheritance pattern of qualitative traits and genotype grouping from a population of F4 multiple cross lines. The research was conducted at the Experimental Field of Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. The study was designed with the concept of observation on 90 F4 multiple cross chili lines and three parental cultivars (Dewata F1, Bara and Ungara). Observations focused on 10 qualitative characters. The analysis showed that there are two types of diversity in this population, namely centralized diversity and distributed diversity. Centralized diversity consists of leaf color, book color, leaf shape, canopy density, stem color, fruit shape, and fruit tip shape. In contrast, characters that have a diverse distribution are crown color, young and old chili fruit color. The distribution results show three main groups, namely the Dewata-Bara group (27 genotypes), the Ungara group (16 genotypes) and the rest are groups outside of these two groups. Based on the whole study, the results of this evaluation are recommended as a consideration for the selection of F5 lines in supporting the direction of releasing chili cultivars from multiple cross.

ABSTRACT: This research evaluated different rice genotypes regarding physicochemical and instrumental parameters of grain quality and associated the data with sensory analysis to support the creation of rules for classification of the culinary quality of rice (texture), based on isolated or combined parameters. The combination of amylose content and gelatinization temperature was able to predict the rice quality. According to the sensorial panel, the instrumental stickiness was able to segregate rice with very low amylose content or waxy to the other ones. Regarding pasting properties, rice that presented high final viscosity (310-480 RVU), setback (165-245 RVU), and pasting temperature (78 - 88 °C), and low values for breakdown (15-120 RVU), associated with a high stickiness (>-5N) was desirable by the Brazilian consumers. The classification rules created through the relationship between the physicochemical parameters and the texture profile evaluated by the sensory panel will help to verify the culinary profile of the rice samples (through free software), which makes it easier to predict the probability of rice meeting the desired quality standards. ABSTRACT texture, , (texture) ones properties 310480 310 480 (310-48 RVU, RVU RVU) 165245 165 245 (165-24 78 (7 8 °C, C °C °C) 15120 15 120 (15-12 >5N 5N N > (>-5N consumers software, software software) standards (texture 31048 31 48 (310-4 16524 16 24 (165-2 7 ( 1512 1 12 (15-1 3104 3 4 (310- 1652 2 (165- 151 (15- (310 (165 (15 (31 (16 (1 (3

RESUMO: Este trabalho avaliou diferentes genótipos de arroz quanto a parâmetros físico-químicos e instrumentais de qualidade do grão e associou os dados à análise sensorial para subsidiar a criação de regras de classificação da qualidade culinária do arroz (textura), com base em parâmetros isolados ou combinados. A combinação do teor de amilose e temperatura de gelatinização foi capaz de predizer a qualidade do arroz. De acordo com o painel sensorial, a pegajosidade instrumental foi capaz de segregar arroz com baixo teor de amilose ou ceroso dos demais. Em relação às propriedades de pasta, o arroz que apresentou alta viscosidade final (310-480RVU), retrogradação (165-245RVU) e temperatura de pasta (78-88 °C) e baixos valores de quebra pasta (15-120RVU), associados a uma alta pegajosidade (> -5N) será desejável pelos consumidores brasileiros. As regras de classificação criadas por meio da relação entre os parâmetros físico-químicos e o perfil de textura avaliado pelo painel sensorial ajudarão a verificar o perfil culinário das amostras de arroz (por meio de um software livre), o que torna mais fácil prever a probabilidade de o arroz atender aos padrões de qualidade desejados. RESUMO físicoquímicos físico químicos textura, , (textura) combinados demais 310480RVU, 310480RVU RVU 310 480RVU (310-480RVU) 165245RVU 165 245RVU (165-245RVU 7888 78 88 (78-8 °C C 15120RVU, 15120RVU 15 120RVU (15-120RVU) > ( 5N N -5N brasileiros livre, livre livre) desejados (textura 31 (310-480RVU 16 788 7 8 (78- 1 (15-120RVU 3 (78 (7

Resumen Se colectaron de plantas con síntomas de amarillamiento y marchitez en campos comerciales de garbanzo en cinco municipios del sur de Guanajuato, México. De ellas se aislaron e identificaron los patógenos presentes en tallo y raíz. De los aislados obtenidos, los que tenían características morfológicas de Sclerotium rolfsii, se confirmó su identidad por secuenciación de los fragmentos ITS obtenidos con los oligonucleótidos: NsiF y Nlb4R, las secuencias obtenidas se compararon con la base de datos del NCBI. De lo dos aislamientos identificados como S. rolfsii por ambas metodologías, se identificó el más virulento, el cual se utilizó para inocular 181 genotipos de garbanzo de los tipos, kabuli y desi. Los resultados indican de acuerdo con el porcentaje de mortandad, que los genotipos de tipo desi ICC3287, ICC 4874, ICC1882, ICC 10259 y WR-315 y de tipo kabuli CUGA 08-3160 presentaron resistencia moderada al patógeno. De estos genotipos resistentes, destaca el ICC 10259 que tiene resistencia genética a cuatro razas de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri y a M. phaseolina.

Abstract They were collected from plants with symptoms of yellowing and wilting in commercial chickpea fields in five municipalities in southern Guanajuato, Mexico. From these, the pathogens present in the stem and root were isolated and identified. Of the isolates obtained, those with morphological characteristics of Sclerotium rolfsii had their identity confirmed by sequencing the ITS fragments obtained with the oligonucleotides: NsiF and Nlb4R; the sequences obtained were compared with the NCBI database. Of the two isolates identified as S. rolfsii by both methodologies, the most virulent was identified, which was used to inoculate 181 chickpea genotypes of the kabuli and desi types. The results indicate that, according to the mortality percentage, the genotypes of the desi type ICC3287, ICC 4874, ICC1882, ICC 10259 and WR-315, and kabuli type CUGA 08-3160 presented moderate resistance to the pathogen. Of these resistant genotypes, ICC 10259 stands out, which has genetic resistance to four races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris and M. phaseolina.