Abstract This study describes and illustrates the biodiversity of macroinvertebrates associated to Sargassum and Dictyota seaweed habitats in the Alcatrazes archipelago, the largest Marine Protected Area (MPA) in the state of São Paulo, southeast Brazil. Assemblages were sampled during the summers of 2018, 2019 and 2020 and winter of 2018 at two sites on the main island. Macroalgae containing the associated fauna were collected at approximately 10 meters deep, with six samples at each site and in each sampling campaign. Sargassum fronds prevailed during summer collections, whilst were absent in the winter campaigns, when Dictyota was the most frequent seaweed. Among invertebrates, 32 species were exclusively found on summer months, associated to Sargassum beds, while 12 species were only registered on winter collection, in association with Dictyota. In total, 91 species were identified, belonging to 60 families, 19 orders, 7 classes and 3 phyla, including Arthropoda (Malacostraca and Pycnogonida), Mollusca (Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Polyplacophora), and Echinodermata (Ophiuroidea and Echinoidea). Among the 91 species found, 73 species are new records for the Alcatrazes archipelago marine area, thus revealing the expressive invertebrate biodiversity living in association with macroalgae beds in that area, which has still been little explored. No significant difference in species diversity was found between the two sites of Alcatrazes. In addition, few specimens of two invasive species were found: Perna perna (Mollusca: Bivalvia) and Ophiothela mirabilis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), which underscores the importance of monitoring different habitats within MPAs to check for possible changes in the fauna over the years. As far as our knowledge, this is the first illustrated inventory of the seaweed-associated macroinvertebrate fauna within the Alcatrazes Archipelago, one of the largest MPAs in the Brazilian coast; besides unravelling its notorious biodiversity, this can act as a reference for future monitoring of local coastal diversity. MPA (MPA Paulo Brazil 201 202 island 1 deep campaign collections campaigns invertebrates months collection total 9 identified 6 families orders phyla Malacostraca Pycnogonida, Pycnogonida , Pycnogonida) Gastropoda, Gastropoda (Gastropoda Polyplacophora, Polyplacophora Polyplacophora) Ophiuroidea Echinoidea. Echinoidea . Echinoidea) area explored addition (Mollusca (Echinodermata Ophiuroidea, Ophiuroidea) years knowledge seaweedassociated Archipelago coast 20 2

Resumo Este estudo descreve e ilustra a biodiversidade de macroinvertebrados associados a habitats de macroalgas pardas marinhas dos gêneros Sargassum e Dictyota no Arquipélago de Alcatrazes, a maior Área Marinha Protegida (AMP) do estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. As assembleias foram amostradas durante os verões de 2018, 2019 e 2020 e no inverno de 2018 em dois locais na ilha principal. As macroalgas contendo a fauna associada foram coletadas a aproximadamente 10 metros de profundidade, com seis amostras em cada local e em cada campanha amostral. Frondes de Sargassum predominaram nas coletas de verão, enquanto estiveram ausentes nas campanhas de inverno, quando Dictyota foram predominantes. Entre os invertebrados, 32 espécies foram encontradas exclusivamente nos meses de verão, associadas aos bancos de Sargassum, enquanto 12 espécies foram registradas apenas na coleta de inverno, em associação com Dictyota. No total, foram identificadas 91 espécies, pertencentes a 60 famílias, 19 ordens, 7 classes e 3 filos, incluindo Arthropoda (Malacostraca e Pycnogonida), Mollusca (Gastropoda, Bivalvia e Polyplacophora) e Echinodermata (Ophiuroidea e Echinoidea). Das 91 espécies encontradas, 73 espécies são novos registos para a área marinha do arquipélago de Alcatrazes, revelando assim a expressiva biodiversidade de invertebrados que vivem em associação com bancos de macroalgas naquela área ainda pouco explorada. Nenhuma diferença significativa de diversidade de espécies foi encontrada entre os dois locais de Alcatrazes. Além disso, foram encontrados poucos exemplares de duas espécies invasoras: Perna perna (Mollusca: Bivalvia) e Ophiothela mirabilis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), o que ressalta a importância do monitoramento de diferentes habitats dentro das AMPs para verificar possíveis alterações na fauna ao longo dos anos. Até onde sabemos, este é o primeiro inventário ilustrado da fauna de macroinvertebrados associados a algas marinhas no Arquipélago de Alcatrazes, uma das maiores AMPs da costa brasileira; além de desvendar a sua notória biodiversidade, pode servir de referência para futuro monitoramento da diversidade costeira local. Alcatrazes AMP (AMP Paulo Brasil 201 202 principal 1 profundidade amostral verão predominantes total 9 6 famílias ordens filos Malacostraca Pycnogonida, Pycnogonida , Pycnogonida) Gastropoda, Gastropoda (Gastropoda Polyplacophora Ophiuroidea Echinoidea. Echinoidea . Echinoidea) explorada disso invasoras (Mollusca (Echinodermata Ophiuroidea, Ophiuroidea) anos sabemos brasileira 20 2

Resumo O estudo foi realizado para comparar a distribuição e composição da comunidade de moluscos em quatro ecossistemas (quatro locais) no sul do Iraque, a saber: Local 1- no rio Eufrates, na cidade de Al-Madinah, Local 2- em Shatt Al-Arab na área de Al-Sharsh, Local 3- no rio Garmat Ali na área de Al-Mashib, e Local 4- na área de Al-Seba. As amostras foram coletadas nos locais de estudo durante um período de janeiro a agosto de 2019. Onze espécies da classe Gastropoda e quatro espécies da classe Bivalves predominaram espécies na maioria dos meses de estudo, que são as espécies Melenodies nodosa, Bellamya bengalensis e Melanopsis turbculata, de Gastropoda, e duas das espécies, Corbicula fluminalis e Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857), de Bivalvia, e L. fortunei, foram registradas pela primeira vez em água doce do Iraque. Os valores totais de biodiversidade de moluscos no rio Eufrates na área de Al-Madinah (Local 1), área de Al-Sharsh (Local 2), área de Al-Mashib (Local 3) e área de Al-Seba (Local 4) foram 3,1, 2,9, 2,4, 1,8, respectivamente, e notou-se que as maiores densidades sazonais da espécie no presente estudo foram registradas na estação de inverno, chegando a 1013, 905, 762 e 639 indivíduos/m2 em quatro locais, respectivamente.

Abstract The study was conducted to compare the distribution and composition of the Molluscs community in 4 ecosystems (4 sites) in southern of Iraq, namely: (Site 1)- in Euphrates River at Al-Madinah city, (Site 2)- in Shatt Al-Arab at Al-Sharsh area, (Site 3)- in the Garmat Ali River at Al-Mashib area and Site 4- in the Al-seba area. Samples were collected from study sites during a period of January to August 2019. (11) species from the class Gastropoda and (4) species from the class Bivalves, species were predominated in most of the study months which are species: Melenodies nodosa, Bellamya bengalensis and Melanopsis turbculata from Gastropoda and two of the species are bivalve: Corbicula fluminalis and Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857), and the last species, L. fortunei, was recorded in the current study for the first time in freshwater of Iraq. The total biodiversity values of Molluscs at the Euphrates River at Al-Madinah area (Site. 1), Al-Sharsh area (Site 2), Al-Mashib area (Site 3) and Al-seba area (Site 4) were 3.1, 2.9, 2.4, 1.8, respectively, and It was noted that the highest seasonal densities of the species in the current study were recorded in the winter season, reaching 1013, 905, 762 and 639 individuals / m2 in four sites, respectively.

Abstract There is a marked disparity in the state of knowledge of Holartic x Neotropical species of the freshwater snail family Physidae; the incipiency of data on Neotropical physids reflecting the lower number of dedicated specialists. The gaps in the knowledge on Neotropical physids have led to historical uncertainty about species validity. Revisiting the species is essential to reduce taxonomic impediment and delineating their probable distribution is the first step to attain this purpose. We aimed at critically analyze occurrence records of South American physids, compiled through an intensive search in the literature, biodiversity and molecular databases. We present a provisional characterization of the distribution of this family in South America, considering the probable versus the poorly documented distribution of the species. The critical underrepresentation of South American physids in collections, molecular databases and literature reinforces the role of taxonomic impediment in delaying the advance of the knowledge on species diversity. Malacological collections represented the main source of records, evidencing the relevance of unpublished data associated to specimens to assess distributional information on neglected groups. As most of the species are represented by shells, the reassessment of species identity and distribution must be done, using molecular and anatomical criteria for species delimitation. Physidae specialists validity purpose America diversity groups shells done delimitation

ABSTRACT Kora Simone, 2012, currently includes three species known only by shell morphology. They are distributed in the states of Bahia and Minas Gerais in central Brazil, where they occur in association with limestone outcrops. Features used to identify them include micro-ornamentation of the protoconch, color pattern, and morphometric data. This paper expands the characterization of the genus through the description of the internal anatomy of two of its species. These features also distinguish a new species, which is described herein. Material was collected manually during several field expeditions to Parque Nacional Cavernas do Peruaçu in northern Minas Gerais. Total height and maximum width, and height and width of the aperture, were measured; the number of whorls determined; and staining patterns typified. The digestive and reproductive systems and pallial complex were characterized for Kora rupestris Salvador & Simone, 2016 and Kora arnaldoi sp. nov., which are distinguished by the latter possessing a protoconch with a smooth first ½ whorl, a more tapered profile, a jaw with 18 folds, a buccal bulb with a short radular core, and a fertilization complex with only one tubular fold. The two species share a very peculiar pattern of radula teeth compared to other genera of the family, given that they are rupicolous but do not live inside caves. Diagnostic knowledge of the genus was expanded. Simone 2012 morphology Brazil outcrops microornamentation micro ornamentation data herein aperture measured determined typified 201 sp nov nov. whorl profile 1 folds core fold family caves expanded 20 2

ABSTRACT In 2022, we published an article in this journal entitled “Cave-dwelling gastropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Brazil: state of the art and conservation”. In that study, we compiled all the available information about cave-dwelling gastropods in the country, including terrestrial and freshwater species. We focused on the troglobites but also included information regarding some troglophilic species that we deemed worthy of discussion. In 2023, Ferreira et al. also in this journal, raised concerns regarding our article. We respond to their observations here. 2022 Cavedwelling Cave dwelling Mollusca (Mollusca Gastropoda Brazil conservation. conservation . conservation” study cavedwelling cave country discussion 2023 al here 202 20 2

Abstract Invasive non-native freshwater mollusks are a growing concern in South America, with 16 species already recorded in the region. Among them, Sinotaia quadrata has only been documented in Argentina, for the first time in the Punilla Valley, Córdoba (2009) and La Plata, Buenos Aires (since 2015). In this study, we report the presence of S. quadrata in two additional areas, the Río de la Plata River and a stream (unnamed) in the Paraná River basin, two of the most significant rivers in South America, located in the provinces of Buenos Aires and Entre Ríos, respectively. These new records confirm the invasive nature of this species, which has also been identified in Europe, the United States, and Africa in recent years. The findings of this study highlight the need for continued monitoring and management of invasive species in South America’s freshwater ecosystems. nonnative non native America 1 region them Argentina Valley 2009 (2009 since 2015. 2015 . 2015) S areas unnamed (unnamed basin Ríos respectively Europe States years Americas s ecosystems 200 (200 201 20 (20 2 (2 (

Resumo Este estudo descreve e ilustra a biodiversidade de macroinvertebrados associados a habitats de macroalgas pardas marinhas dos gêneros Sargassum e Dictyota no Arquipélago de Alcatrazes, a maior Área Marinha Protegida (AMP) do estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. As assembleias foram amostradas durante os verões de 2018, 2019 e 2020 e no inverno de 2018 em dois locais na ilha principal. As macroalgas contendo a fauna associada foram coletadas a aproximadamente 10 metros de profundidade, com seis amostras em cada local e em cada campanha amostral. Frondes de Sargassum predominaram nas coletas de verão, enquanto estiveram ausentes nas campanhas de inverno, quando Dictyota foram predominantes. Entre os invertebrados, 32 espécies foram encontradas exclusivamente nos meses de verão, associadas aos bancos de Sargassum, enquanto 12 espécies foram registradas apenas na coleta de inverno, em associação com Dictyota. No total, foram identificadas 91 espécies, pertencentes a 60 famílias, 19 ordens, 7 classes e 3 filos, incluindo Arthropoda (Malacostraca e Pycnogonida), Mollusca (Gastropoda, Bivalvia e Polyplacophora) e Echinodermata (Ophiuroidea e Echinoidea). Das 91 espécies encontradas, 73 espécies são novos registos para a área marinha do arquipélago de Alcatrazes, revelando assim a expressiva biodiversidade de invertebrados que vivem em associação com bancos de macroalgas naquela área ainda pouco explorada. Nenhuma diferença significativa de diversidade de espécies foi encontrada entre os dois locais de Alcatrazes. Além disso, foram encontrados poucos exemplares de duas espécies invasoras: Perna perna (Mollusca: Bivalvia) e Ophiothela mirabilis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), o que ressalta a importância do monitoramento de diferentes habitats dentro das AMPs para verificar possíveis alterações na fauna ao longo dos anos. Até onde sabemos, este é o primeiro inventário ilustrado da fauna de macroinvertebrados associados a algas marinhas no Arquipélago de Alcatrazes, uma das maiores AMPs da costa brasileira; além de desvendar a sua notória biodiversidade, pode servir de referência para futuro monitoramento da diversidade costeira local. Alcatrazes AMP (AMP Paulo Brasil 201 202 principal 1 profundidade amostral verão predominantes total 9 6 famílias ordens filos Malacostraca Pycnogonida, Pycnogonida , Pycnogonida) Gastropoda, Gastropoda (Gastropoda Polyplacophora Ophiuroidea Echinoidea. Echinoidea . Echinoidea) explorada disso invasoras (Mollusca (Echinodermata Ophiuroidea, Ophiuroidea) anos sabemos brasileira 20 2

Abstract This study describes and illustrates the biodiversity of macroinvertebrates associated to Sargassum and Dictyota seaweed habitats in the Alcatrazes archipelago, the largest Marine Protected Area (MPA) in the state of São Paulo, southeast Brazil. Assemblages were sampled during the summers of 2018, 2019 and 2020 and winter of 2018 at two sites on the main island. Macroalgae containing the associated fauna were collected at approximately 10 meters deep, with six samples at each site and in each sampling campaign. Sargassum fronds prevailed during summer collections, whilst were absent in the winter campaigns, when Dictyota was the most frequent seaweed. Among invertebrates, 32 species were exclusively found on summer months, associated to Sargassum beds, while 12 species were only registered on winter collection, in association with Dictyota. In total, 91 species were identified, belonging to 60 families, 19 orders, 7 classes and 3 phyla, including Arthropoda (Malacostraca and Pycnogonida), Mollusca (Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Polyplacophora), and Echinodermata (Ophiuroidea and Echinoidea). Among the 91 species found, 73 species are new records for the Alcatrazes archipelago marine area, thus revealing the expressive invertebrate biodiversity living in association with macroalgae beds in that area, which has still been little explored. No significant difference in species diversity was found between the two sites of Alcatrazes. In addition, few specimens of two invasive species were found: Perna perna (Mollusca: Bivalvia) and Ophiothela mirabilis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), which underscores the importance of monitoring different habitats within MPAs to check for possible changes in the fauna over the years. As far as our knowledge, this is the first illustrated inventory of the seaweed-associated macroinvertebrate fauna within the Alcatrazes Archipelago, one of the largest MPAs in the Brazilian coast; besides unravelling its notorious biodiversity, this can act as a reference for future monitoring of local coastal diversity. MPA (MPA Paulo Brazil 201 202 island 1 deep campaign collections campaigns invertebrates months collection total 9 identified 6 families orders phyla Malacostraca Pycnogonida, Pycnogonida , Pycnogonida) Gastropoda, Gastropoda (Gastropoda Polyplacophora, Polyplacophora Polyplacophora) Ophiuroidea Echinoidea. Echinoidea . Echinoidea) area explored addition (Mollusca (Echinodermata Ophiuroidea, Ophiuroidea) years knowledge seaweedassociated Archipelago coast 20 2

Abstract Coastal habitats are important feeding grounds for migratory shorebirds, which turns the coast of Piauí State into an important region for birds’ migration cycle. This study aimed to identify migratory shorebirds, analyze their patterns of habitat preference on coastal Piauí State, Brazil, and identify classes of invertebrates found in foraging sites. In total, 23,829 records of migratory shorebirds belonging to 15 species were found at feeding sites, presenting significant segregation between different foraging substrates (F1,23 = 8.41; p = 0.001). Limnodromus griseus (56.5±98.42; p > 0.001), Numenius hudsonicus (35.96±37.37; p > 0.001), and Calidris canutus (34.4±80.84; p < 0. 001) were the species accounting for the highest densities in muddy substrate. Calidris pusilla (77.37±178.02; p > 0.001), Charadrius semipalmatus (66±142.17: p > 0.001), and Calidris alba (56.5±181.24; p > 0.001) were the most significant species in sandy-muddy substrate. Birds’ lowest density was observed in sandy habitat, but C. alba (22.41±40.9) recorded the highest density in this substrate. Overall, most shorebirds (92.8 %) preferred foraging substrates presenting higher concentration of fine particles (silt, clay, and fine sand). Invertebrates belonging to classes Polychaeta, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, and Malacostraca prevailed in these sites. Therefore, substrate type and prey composition are factors influencing the density of migratory shorebirds in foraging sites. In addition, this region witnesses the occurrence of endangered species, and it reinforces the importance of these feeding sites for them during their migration to Brazil’s coastal region. birds cycle Brazil total 23829 23 829 23,82 1 F1,23 F123 F F1 (F1,2 8.41 841 8 41 0.001. 0001 0.001 . 0 001 56.5±98.42 5659842 56 5 98 42 (56.5±98.42 0.001, , 35.96±37.37 35963737 35 96 37 (35.96±37.37 34.4±80.84 3448084 34 4 80 84 (34.4±80.84 77.37±178.02 773717802 77 178 02 (77.37±178.02 66±142.17 6614217 66 142 17 (66±142.17 56.5±181.24 56518124 181 24 (56.5±181.24 sandymuddy Birds C 22.41±40.9 2241409 22 40 9 (22.41±40.9 Overall 92.8 928 92 (92. % silt, silt (silt clay sand. sand sand) Polychaeta Gastropoda Bivalvia Therefore addition Brazils s 2382 2 82 23,8 F1,2 F12 (F1, 8.4 000 0.00 00 56.5±98.4 565984 (56.5±98.4 35.96±37.3 3596373 3 (35.96±37.3 34.4±80.8 344808 (34.4±80.8 77.37±178.0 77371780 7 (77.37±178.0 66±142.1 661421 6 14 (66±142.1 56.5±181.2 5651812 18 (56.5±181.2 22.41±40. 224140 (22.41±40. 92. (92 238 23, F1, (F1 8. 0.0 56.5±98. 56598 (56.5±98. 35.96±37. 359637 (35.96±37. 34.4±80. 34480 (34.4±80. 77.37±178. 7737178 (77.37±178. 66±142. 66142 (66±142. 56.5±181. 565181 (56.5±181. 22.41±40 22414 (22.41±40 (9 (F 56.5±98 5659 (56.5±98 35.96±37 35963 (35.96±37 34.4±80 3448 (34.4±80 77.37±178 773717 (77.37±178 66±142 6614 (66±142 56.5±181 56518 (56.5±181 22.41±4 2241 (22.41±4 ( 56.5±9 565 (56.5±9 35.96±3 3596 (35.96±3 34.4±8 344 (34.4±8 77.37±17 77371 (77.37±17 66±14 661 (66±14 56.5±18 5651 (56.5±18 22.41± 224 (22.41± 56.5± (56.5± 35.96± 359 (35.96± 34.4± (34.4± 77.37±1 7737 (77.37±1 66±1 (66±1 56.5±1 (56.5±1 22.41 (22.41 56.5 (56.5 35.96 (35.96 34.4 (34.4 77.37± 773 (77.37± 66± (66± 22.4 (22.4 56. (56. 35.9 (35.9 34. (34. 77.37 (77.37 (66 22. (22. (56 35. (35. (34 77.3 (77.3 (6 (22 (5 (35 (3 77. (77. (2 (77 (7

Abstract Bioinvasions are one of the main causes of the decline of native biodiversity. Indothais lacera (Born, 1778) is a carnivorous gastropod, native to the Indo-Pacific. We present the first records of I. lacera on the Brazilian coast and the first record of this invasive species in the Western Atlantic. The specimens were found in two locations in the Baía de Todos os Santos, Bahia state, northeast of Brazil. Live specimens were collected in the Itapagipe Peninsula, in Ribeira, Salvador, and dry samples (empty shells) were collected in the extreme north of Itaparica Island. Molecular analyses indicate that there was more than one event of introduction of I. lacera in the bay and alert to the potential impacts that this species can have on the benthic community in the region. We suspect that this exotic species is affecting a native population of Thaisella, which was previously locally abundant but has since become rare. biodiversity Born, Born (Born 1778 gastropod IndoPacific. IndoPacific Indo Pacific. Pacific Indo-Pacific I Atlantic Santos state Brazil Peninsula Ribeira Salvador empty shells Island region Thaisella rare 177 17 1

Abstract Herein, we first report the comprehensive description of the terrestrial slug, Sarasinula plebeia (Gastropoda: Veronicellidae) by employing morphology, morpho-taxometrics and molecular analysis. A rapid survey on terrestrial slug invasive alien species (IAS) was conducted in La Dicha, Malangas, Zamboanga Sibugay, the Philippines. Obtained COI gene sequences shared 100% similarities to S. plebeia from Brazil (JX532107, KM489378), Dominica (KM489500) and Vietnam (KM489367) and further supported using Bayesian analysis thus designated as S. plebeia isolate LDZS. Notably, the first reported S. plebeia in 2013 from Batan island, Batanes, northern Philippines, characterized through COI gene markers (JQ582277, JQ582278, JQ582279) showed 100% sequence similarities to a closely related veronicellid slug, Laevecaulis alte isolates (LC636101, LC636102, LC636103, and LC636104) from Japan. Taken this into account, our S. plebeia LDZS isolated from an agricultural field is the first report in the Philippines with combined diagnostic tools for the taxon. Herein Gastropoda (Gastropoda Veronicellidae morphology morphotaxometrics morpho taxometrics IAS (IAS Dicha Malangas Sibugay 100 S JX532107, JX532107 JX (JX532107 KM489378, KM489378 KM , KM489378) KM489500 (KM489500 KM489367 (KM489367 Notably 201 island Batanes JQ582277, JQ582277 JQ (JQ582277 JQ582278 JQ582279 LC636101, LC636101 LC (LC636101 LC636102 LC636103 LC636104 Japan account taxon 10 JX53210 (JX53210 KM48937 KM48950 (KM48950 KM48936 (KM48936 20 JQ58227 (JQ58227 LC63610 (LC63610 1 JX5321 (JX5321 KM4893 KM4895 (KM4895 (KM4893 2 JQ5822 (JQ5822 LC6361 (LC6361 JX532 (JX532 KM489 (KM489 JQ582 (JQ582 LC636 (LC636 JX53 (JX53 KM48 (KM48 JQ58 (JQ58 LC63 (LC63 JX5 (JX5 KM4 (KM4 JQ5 (JQ5 LC6 (LC6 (JX (KM (JQ (LC

Abstract The Natural Reserve of Punta Lara (RNPL) is a protected natural area that includes Paranaense forest southernmost in the world. This area is surrounded by a densely populated and touristic sector. The objective of this work was to estimate the richness, diversity and equity of the RNPL mollusks (aquatic and terrestrial) and to establish the relationship of their species in aquatic environments. One sampling per year was carried out between 2013 and 2019. There were 32 species recorded (six are non-native species): 23 gastropods (14 freshwater, nine terrestrial) and nine bivalves. Three species were recorded in all sampling years, while six only on one occasion. The land snail genus Drepanostomella is reported for the first time in that region, and five freshwater species are reported for the first time for the RNPL. The similarity analysis of the freshwater environment separated the coastal environments from the internal environments. The environments with the highest specific richness were in internal sites of the RNPL, while the least diverse was the coast of the Río de la Plata, where the invasive species Limnoperna fortunei predominates. It is recommended to increase the conservation efforts of the different environments of the RNPL continuously threatened by urbanization. (RNPL world sector terrestrial 201 2019 3 nonnative non native species) 2 14 (1 bivalves years occasion region Plata predominates urbanization 20 1 (

ABSTRACT In 2022, Salvador and co-authors published an up-to-date list of gastropod species recorded from Brazilian caves. That list included 18 species (15 land and three freshwater species) that were considered by the authors to be restricted to caves (troglobitic). In this contribution we argue that only six of the species listed by them as truly troglobites can be classified in that category. We disagree with some characteristics listed by Salvador and co-authors to diagnose the species they classify as cave-restricted and argue that those species do not have truly troglomorphic traits (characteristic of subterranean habitats). Since the Brazilian legislation considers the degree of association with caves as a decisive attribute to preserve them, it is important to clarify the characteristics are sufficient and necessary for a species to be classified as cave-dependent. 2022 coauthors co uptodate up date 1 15 (1 troglobitic. troglobitic . (troglobitic) category caverestricted cave characteristic habitats. habitats habitats) cavedependent. cavedependent dependent. dependent cave-dependent 202 ( (troglobitic 20 2

ABSTRACT The expression ‘you need to know to conserve’ is a well-known cliche among biologists. Documenting the richness of a group of organisms is the first step towards understanding biodiversity and preparing efficient conservation plans. In this context, many efforts have been made to quantify the number of species on Earth and estimate the number of species still unknown to science. A few countries have complete and integrated databases estimating the approximate number of species recorded for their territory, particularly in the Global South. In Brazil, a country of continental dimensions, revealing the richness of the second most diverse clade of invertebrates (=Mollusca) has been a goal of taxonomists. Recently, in an unprecedented, collective, and integrated effort among Brazilian malacologists, it was possible to estimate how many valid species of molluscs are there in Brazil. In this effort, more than 30 mollusc experts joined together to update the Taxonomic Catalogue of the Brazilian Fauna (TCBF), a governmental website that allows a quick and real-time updating of all Metazoan. So far, more than 5,000 updates have been made in TCBF, indicating the presence of 3,552 valid species of molluscs in Brazil, distributed among the main clades as follows: Caudofoveata (10 spp.), Solenogastres (6 spp.), Polyplacophora (35 spp.), Scaphopoda (43 spp.), Cephalopoda (92 spp.), Bivalvia (629 spp.) and Gastropoda (2,737 spp.). The present study, in addition to demonstrating for the first time the richness of Brazilian molluscs, also presents the state of the art of this important phylum of invertebrates highlighting its most representative and neglected groups. you conserve wellknown well known biologists plans context science territory South Brazil dimensions =Mollusca Mollusca (=Mollusca taxonomists Recently unprecedented collective malacologists 3 TCBF , (TCBF) realtime real Metazoan far 5000 5 000 5,00 3552 552 3,55 follows 10 (1 spp., spp spp. 6 ( 35 (3 43 (4 92 (9 629 (62 2,737 2737 2 737 (2,73 spp.. . study groups (TCBF 500 00 5,0 355 55 3,5 1 4 9 62 2,73 273 73 (2,7 50 0 5, 3, 2,7 27 7 (2, 2, (2

ABSTRACT Megaspiridae include land snails with a tall spire. They occur in Brazil, New Guinea and Australia. Megaspira Lea, 1839 is distributed through the central and southeast regions of Brazil There is controversy regarding the number of species in the genus, and their taxonomic status. The characters used to identify Megaspira include a large cylindrical shell and internal armature in the columella. The goal of the present study is to describe a new species for the genus, based on shell morphology, microsculpture and the inner anatomy. These anatomic characters had not been described before for any of the included species. The material was collected at the Jararaca trail, Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis, state of Rio de Janeiro). Seven linear measurements were taken from the shells. Megaspira adenticulata sp. nov. differs from the other species of the genus by not having apertural lamella in the shell aperture or in the columella in adult specimens. Also, the shell does not have light brown spots, as observed in other species of Megaspira. The shell has a mean of 16 whorls and height of 27 mm. It is smaller in average size than the shell of other described species. The new species was found under leaf litter, especially near rocks and in shallow soil.

Abstract A new species of the recently described genus Habeas is described. The genus is the single urocoptid representant in Brazil. The new species is named as Habeas centroris, occurring in Paz de Salobro, Canarana, Bahia, Brazil. It is mainly characterized by its dense, delicate sculpture, peristome slightly centrally positioned. Its anatomy is similar to what is currently known, differing mainly by small pallial gland, short stomach, presence of anterior duct to digestive gland, vas deferens very posteriorly originated, prostate lying further the vas deferens origin, and visceral ganglia connected directly to pleural ganglia. The new species is another example of how weak the knowledge on the land mollusks in central Brazilian semi-dry region is, a biome that deserves protection.