Abstract Fiber optic access networks have been considered a definitive solution to the constant need for increasingly higher bandwidths. For this reason, PON (Passive Optical Network) have grown enormously in the recent years, offering different solutions to the end customer, whether it is residential or business. However, the PON project is complex and a time-consuming process. This paper is focused on a tool design that, when combined with the schematic of the PON project, performs the survey of all equipment used in the projected cell. This tool provides also the attenuation calculations, as well as the techno-economic study of the network. Simulations were carried out to test the viability of the software, considering the network analysis in two cases: with one service provider using the network or with two service providers sharing it.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi determinar o efeito de 14 semanas de treinamento de força com periodização linear (PL) e ondulatória diária (POn) no desempenho através da avaliação cinemática das variáveis frequência de braçada (FB), comprimento de braçada (CB), velocidade média (VM) e índice de braçada (IB) em nadadores jovens de ambos os sexos. Foram divididos 17 adolescentes (15,18 ± 2,31 anos) em dois grupos (G): GPL (quatro homens e quatro mulheres) e GPOn (cinco homens e quatro mulheres). Pelos resultados encontrados podemos concluir que a POn é mais eficaz em proporcionar melhorias nos aspectos cinemáticos de VM, IB e CB em distâncias mais curtas (até 50 metros). A PL foi mais eficiente na manutenção da resistência muscular em variáveis de VM e CB em distâncias maiores (acima de 50 metros).

Abstract The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of 14 weeks of strength training with linear periodization (LP) and daily undulatory periodization (DUP) in performance by kinematics of the variables stroke rate (SR), stroke length (SL), speed average (SA) and stroke index (SI) in young swimmers of both sexes. Seventeen children (15.18 ± 2.31 years) were divided into two groups (G): GLP (4 males and 4 females) and GDUP (5 males and 4 females). For the results we conclude that DUP is more effective to provide improvements in the kinematic aspects of SA, SI, and shorter distances (up to 50 meters). LP is more efficient in maintaining muscle strength SL and SA variables at greater distances (over 50 meters).

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de 14 semanas de entrenamiento de fuerza con periodización lineal (PL) y periodización ondulante diaria (POn) en el rendimiento de las variables cinemáticas de frecuencia de brazada (FB), longitud de brazada (LB), velocidad media (VM) e índice de brazadas (IB) en nadadores jóvenes de ambos sexos. Se dividió a 17 chicos (15,18 ± 2,31 años) en dos grupos (G): GPL (4 hombres y 4 mujeres) y GPOn (5 hombres y 4 mujeres). Respecto a los resultados, se concluye que POn proporciona mejoras de manera más eficaz en los aspectos cinemáticos de VM, LB e IB y en distancias más cortas (hasta 50 m). PL es más eficaz en el mantenimiento de la fuerza muscular y las variables VM y LB a distancias mayores (más de 50 m).

Abstract: This article describes the methodology to certify a FTTH GPON network, in order to minimize the errors that tend to show up during the execution of this process within an optical network. The work is based on national and international technical standards, ensuring optimal performance of the network. Empirical methods are used in the field through processes characterization, measurement and analysis of results, which will identify the factors allowing that measurements are within the range set with the use of tools and equipment properly configured and updated. The need for an effective regulation is established in the certification of a FTTH GPON network to bring maximum benefits for companies providing service in the country and meeting the demand for bandwidth of the end customer, ensuring the application of new technologies helping to optimize the use of convergence oriented service, the implementation of Next Generation Networks and towards infrastructure investment in strategic sectors.

Resumen: El presente artículo describe la metodología para certificar redes FTTH GPON con el objetivo de minimizar los errores que se evidencian durante la ejecución de este proceso dentro de una red óptica. La certificación se basa en estándares y normas técnicas nacionales e internacionales, lo cual garantiza el óptimo funcionamiento de la red. El trabajo se realiza con métodos empíricos en el campo mediante procesos de caracterización, medición y análisis de resultados, factores que permitirán identificar que las mediciones estén dentro del rango establecido con el uso de herramientas y equipos debidamente configurados y actualizados. Se establece la necesidad de una regulación efectiva en certificación de una red FTTH GPON que traiga máximos beneficios para las empresas proveedoras de servicio del país y satisfaga la demanda de ancho de banda del cliente final. Se busca garantizar la aplicación de nuevas tecnologías que ayuden a optimizar el uso de la infraestructura orientada hacia la convergencia de servicios, a la implementación de Redes de Nueva Generación y hacia la inversión en sectores estratégicos.

This paper presents a new approach to upgrade and extend the reach of the current passive optical network (PON) by using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) in the standardized optical grid of gigabit PON (In-band WDM PON overlay). The aim is to increase the number of optical distribution networks (ODNs) fed by a single fiber while preserving the users bandwidth. In this approach four downstream (DS) wavelength signals are transmitted from an optical line terminal (OLT) to four different ODNs using the standard DS PON spectrum ranging from 1480 to 1500 nm. The upstream (US) signals from the four different ODNs are also wavelength multiplexed within the standardized US PON spectrum ranging from 1270 to 1330 nm. Experimental proofs of concept are presented in a 20 km PON serving 32 ONTs and in a 58 km extended PON in order to demonstrate the feasibility of this proposal.