ABSTRACT Agribusiness workers are regularly exposed to high temperatures, even in covered environments such as packing houses. This study aimed to assess the effect of evaporative coolers on reducing occupational heat exposure for workers and consequently improving the thermal comfort of the selection and packaging areas in a table grape packing house. The evaluation was conducted as per the criteria of the Brazilian legislation, based on the Regulatory Norms (NR’s) 15 and 17 of the Department of Labor. The study was conducted during two climatic production periods, dry and rainy, with the evaporative coolers on and off. With the coolers on, the workers’ occupational exposure to heat was reduced without exceeding the wet bulb globe temperature index tolerance limit for the activities carried out according to the NR 15. However, it did not provide adequate thermal comfort indices according to NR 17. Under semiarid conditions, coolers rendered the environment thermally comfortable for local workers. To reduce the risks to workers’ health, it is suggested that they take breaks in case of discomfort from the heat and provide workers with water and mineral salts to replenish sweat loss. temperatures houses house legislation NRs s (NR’s 1 Labor periods rainy off However conditions health loss

RESUMO Os trabalhadores do agronegócio são expostos a condições de trabalho com altas temperaturas regularmente, mesmo em ambientes cobertos, como os packing houses. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do uso de resfriadores evaporativos na redução da exposição ocupacional de trabalhadores ao calor e na melhoria do conforto térmico da área de seleção e embalagem de um packing house de uvas de mesa. A avaliação ocorreu de acordo com os critérios da legislação brasileira, aplicando-se as Normas Regulamentadoras (NR’s) 15 e 17, do Ministério do Trabalho. O estudo ocorreu durante dois períodos climáticos de produção: seco e chuvoso, com os resfriadores evaporativos ligados e desligados. Com os resfriadores evaporativos ligados, houve redução da exposição ocupacional dos trabalhadores ao calor, sem ultrapassar o limite de tolerância da temperatura de bulbo úmido para as atividades desenvolvidas, de acordo com a NR 15. Contudo, não apresentou índices adequados de conforto térmico, segundo a NR 17. Para as condições de semiárido, os resfriadores tornaram o ambiente termicamente confortável para os trabalhadores locais. Para reduzir os riscos à saúde do trabalhador, sugere-se adotar pausas quando houver desconforto por calor e fornecer água e sais minerais aos trabalhadores para reposição das perdas por suor. regularmente cobertos houses mesa brasileira aplicandose aplicando se NRs s (NR’s 1 17 Trabalho produção chuvoso desligados desenvolvidas Contudo semiárido locais trabalhador sugerese sugere suor

ABSTRACT The production process of non-centrifuged cane sugar (NCS) involves a significant release of steam and heat due to the evaporation of cane juices in saucepans over a solid fuel oven. This results in a warm and moisture-saturated environment, which can be suffocating for workers. This study aimed to evaluate the bioclimatic behavior of an NCS processing facility, based on the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index. In addition, solutions are suggested to mitigate possible adverse effects of heat stress. This evaluation utilized computational simulations to determine the thermal comfort perceived by the workers. The accuracy of simulations was verified against temperature and relative air humidity data collected from the facility. Bioclimatic simulations encompassed twelve treatments, involving modifications to the enclosure on the walls and lantern window, incorporating three types of roof material. The WBGT index was determined by considering the effects of the radiant heat generated by the oven and the natural ventilation area on the facility’s temperature and relative air humidity. This helps to assess the comfort experienced by the workers. The thermal zone of the oven presented heat stress conditions; therefore, rest periods and mechanical ventilation were suggested when dissipating heat and steam through natural ventilation is not possible. For workers exposed to high temperatures and thermal radiation, the use of an aluminized apron and infrared goggles for eye protection was recommended. noncentrifuged non centrifuged (NCS moisturesaturated moisture saturated environment facility (WBGT addition treatments window material facilitys s conditions therefore radiation recommended

RESUMO O processo de produção de rapadura gera alta concentração de vapor e calor devido à evaporação do caldo da cana em panelas sobre forno a combustível sólido. Isso gera um ambiente quente e saturado de umidade que pode ser sufocante para os trabalhadores. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as condições ambientais de uma instalação de processamento de rapadura, com base no Índice de Bulbo Úmido e Temperatura de Globo (IBUTG) e sugerir soluções para mitigar possíveis efeitos adversos do estresse térmico. Esta avaliação utilizou simulação computacional para determinar o conforto térmico dos trabalhadores. A simulação foi validada com dados de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar da instalação. As simulações bioclimáticas foram realizadas em doze tratamentos, modificando o fechamento nas paredes e lanternim, com três tipos de materiais de cobertura. Foi determinado o Índice IBUTG, considerando os efeitos do calor radiante gerado pelo forno, e pela área de ventilação natural sobre a temperatura e umidade relativa do ar no interior da instalação, e seu efeito no conforto dos trabalhadores. A zona térmica do forno apresentou condições de estresse térmico, portanto, foram sugeridos períodos de descanso e ventilação mecânica quando não for possível a evacuação do calor e vapor através da ventilação natural. O uso de avental aluminizado e óculos infravermelhos para proteção ocular foi recomendado para os trabalhadores expostos a altas temperaturas e radiação térmica. sólido IBUTG (IBUTG tratamentos lanternim cobertura portanto

SIGNIFICANCE: The introduction of large language models has transformed text generation and accessibility across the globe. Ubuntu provides a distinct philosophy that could be useful in addressing the cultural and geographical nuances within the context of sub-Saharan Africa. Existing guidelines help offer a framework to foster and nurture consistency across diverse regions and cultures. These guidelines alone may not be sufficient to address past inequalities and disparities. An inclusive approach that adopts the guidelines in tandem with ubuntu philosophy could help promote equitable development and sustainability of these models across the sub-Saharan region.

Community-led monitoring (CLM) of health services is a mechanism of community participation and accountability that is increasingly advocated across the globe. In South Africa (SA), a large-scale community-led monitoring initiative called Ritshidze ('saving our lives') was established in 2019. Steered by a coalition of civil society organisations representing people living with HIV, Ritshidze monitors just over 400 primary healthcare (PHC) facilities in 8 provinces on a quarterly basis. In this piece we describe the purposes and design features and the five-step approach to CLM of the Ritshidze model. We also highlight some of the positive changes achieved, and reflect on possible reasons for successes. In doing so, we aim to draw attention to this significant national initiative and its potential as a mechanism of social accountability in SA.

Abstract This reflexive text analyzes some literatura reviews on the didactics and teaching of philosophy carried out outside of Colombia in the last three decades. After searching several databases and consulting various authors on the subject, only eight systematic literature review studies were found: in Brazil, the United States, France, New Zealand, and England. The most relevant fact may be that in the texts, the didactics of philosophy does not appear as the main category of reflection and research on the teaching of philosophy. Likewise, the interest of Anglophone thinkers in empirical and quantitative research on philosophy for children is clearly seen, especially from the perspective of Matthew Lipman, but not “traditional” philosophy in secondary education. Finally, it ight be the case that more applied research is needed in Central and South America and more philosophical and pedagogical reflection on the didactics and teaching of traditional philosophy in English-speaking countries.

Resumen En este texto reflexivo se compara algunos estados del arte sobre la didáctica y la enseñanza de la filosofía1 realizados fuera de Colombia en las últimas tres décadas. Después de la búsqueda en varias bases de datos y de consultar varios autores en el tema, solo se hallaron 8 estudios sistemáticos de revisión literatura: en Brasil, Estados Unidos, Francia, Nueva Zelanda e Inglaterra. El dato más relevante puede ser que en los textos hallados la didáctica de la filosofía no aparece como categoría central en la reflexión e investigación sobre enseñanza de la filosofía. Asimismo, se ve claramente el interés de los pensadores anglófonos por la investigación empírica y cuantitativa sobre la filosofía para niños, sobre todo desde la perspectiva de Matthew Lipman, pero no la filosofía “tradicional” en la educación secundaria. Finalmente, parece que hace falta más investigación aplicada en centro y sur américa y más reflexión filosófica y pedagógica sobre la didáctica y enseñanza de la filosofía tradicional en los países anglófonos.

Abstract: COVID-19 is a virus that has spread rapidly over the globe. The condition has repercussions beyond the realm of public health. Twitter is one platform where people post reactions to events during the outbreak. User-generated information, like tweets, presents unique challenges for sentiment analysis on Twitter data. With that in mind, this work employs four methods for analyzing Twitter data in terms of sentiment: the vector space model (TF-IDF) with three different ensemble machine learning models (voting, bagging, and stacking) and BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers). Experiments showed that BERT outperformed the other three techniques, with an F1-score of 74%, a precision of 74%, and a recall of 74% for categorizing five sentiment classes on data from a Kaggle competition (Coronavirus tweets NLP-Text Classification).

South African National Senior Certificate examination reports consistently reflect poor performance in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) subjects when compared to other subjects. This has resulted in a decline in the uptake of STEM subjects because many students perceive them as being difficult to learn. This phenomenon is not unique to South Africa, as many other African and developed countries are facing similar difficulties in terms of student participation in STEM subjects. Reasons for the low uptake of STEM subjects include perceived difficulty, perceived lack of ability, classroom experience of STEM subjects, and lack of enjoyment. Thus, STEM educators across the globe are confronted with the challenge of making the subjects attractive, accessible to, and relevant for students. Humanising the teaching of STEM subjects by building on Indigenous knowledges has been suggested as a way that secondary education could deal with these challenges, and turn them into STEM capabilities. The incorporation of Indigenous and other local knowledges into STEM subjects could promote authentic learning experiences, relevance, and inclusivity if teachers were prepared for this, and appropriate resources made available. In Africa, many children enrol in school while they are concurrently engaged in subsistence economic activities rooted in Indigenous practices. Leveraging the insights gained from these activities could humanise and enhance the relevance of school STEM curricula. Karanga beer brewing is one such activity that we participated in as children and, in this paper, we report our exploration of the science related to Karanga beer brewing and how it can be a way of humanising and promoting the relevance of school science and other STEM subjects.

Abstract Despite of the global unity against COVID-19 pandemic, the threat of SARS-CoV-2 variants on the lives of human being is still not over. SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has urged the need of rapid viral detection at earliest. To cope with gradually expanding scenario of SARS-CoV-2, accurate diagnosis is extremely crucial factor which should be noticed by international health organizations. Limited research followed by sporadic marketing of SARS-CoV-2 rapid pharmaceutical detection kits raises critical questions against quality assurance and quality control measures. Herein we aimed to interrogate effectivity and specificity analysis of SARS-CoV-2 pharmaceutical rapid detection kits (nasopharyngeal swab based) using conventional gold standard triple target real-time polymerase chain reaction (USFDA approved). A cross-sectional study was conducted over 1500 suspected SARS-CoV-2 patients. 100 real time-PCR confirmed patients were evaluated for pharmaceutical RDT kits based upon nasopharyngeal swab based kits. The SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swab based rapid diagnostic kit (NSP RDTs) analysis showed 78% reactivity. Among real time PCR confirmed negative subjects, 49.3% represented false positivity. The positive predictive analysis revealed 67.82%, while negative predictive values were 64.40%. The NSP RDTs showed limited sensitivities and specificities as compared to gold standard real time PCR. Valid and authentic detection of SARS-CoV-2 is deemed necessary for accurate COVID-19 surveillance across the globe. Current study highlights the potential consequences of inadequate detection of SARS-CoV-2 and emerging novel mutants, compromising vaccine preventable diseases. Current study emphasizes need to wake higher authorities including strategic organizations for designing adequate measures to prevent future SARS-CoV-2 epidemics. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2 SARS-CoV- earliest SARSCoV2, 2, realtime USFDA approved. approved . approved) crosssectional cross sectional 150 10 timePCR 78 reactivity subjects 493 49 3 49.3 positivity 6782 67 82 67.82% 6440 64 40 64.40% globe mutants diseases epidemics COVID1 1 COVID- SARS-CoV 15 7 4 49. 678 6 8 67.82 644 64.40 67.8 64.4 67. 64.

Resumo Apesar da unidade global contra a pandemia de COVID-19, a ameaça das variantes do SARS-CoV-2 na vida do ser humano ainda não acabou. A pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 alertou para a necessidade de detecção viral rápida o mais cedo possível. Para lidar com o cenário de expansão gradual do SARS-CoV-2, o diagnóstico preciso é um fator extremamente crucial que deve ser observado pelas organizações internacionais de saúde. Pesquisa limitada seguida de comercialização esporádica de kits de detecção farmacêutica rápida de SARS-CoV-2 levanta questões críticas contra a garantia de qualidade e as medidas de controle de qualidade. Aqui, objetivamos questionar a eficácia e a análise de especificidade dos kits farmacêuticos de detecção rápida de SARS-CoV-2 (baseados em swab nasofaríngeo) usando a técnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real padrão-ouro convencional (aprovado pelo USFDA). Um estudo transversal foi realizado em 1.500 pacientes suspeitos de SARS-CoV-2. Cem pacientes confirmados por PCR em tempo real foram avaliados para kits farmacêuticos de RDT baseados em kits baseados em swabs nasofaríngeas. A análise do kit de diagnóstico rápido baseado em swab nasofaríngeo SARS-CoV-2 (NSP RDTs) mostrou 78% de reatividade. Entre os indivíduos negativos confirmados por PCR em tempo real, 49,3% representaram falsa positividade. A análise preditiva positiva revelou 67,82%, enquanto os valores preditivos negativos foram de 64,40%. Os NSP RDTs mostraram sensibilidades e especificidades limitadas em comparação com a PCR em tempo real padrão-ouro. A detecção válida e autêntica do SARS-CoV-2 é considerada necessária para a vigilância precisa de COVID-19 em todo o mundo. O estudo atual destaca as possíveis consequências da detecção inadequada de SARS-CoV-2 e novos mutantes emergentes, comprometendo doenças evitáveis por vacina. O estudo atual enfatiza a necessidade de alertar autoridades superiores, incluindo organizações estratégicas, para projetar medidas adequadas para prevenir futuras epidemias de SARS-CoV-2. COVID19, COVID19 COVID 19, 19 SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2 SARS-CoV- acabou possível SARSCoV2, 2, saúde Aqui padrãoouro padrão ouro aprovado USFDA. USFDA . USFDA) 1500 1 500 1.50 SARSCoV2. 2. nasofaríngeas 78 reatividade 493 49 3 49,3 positividade 6782 67 82 67,82% 6440 64 40 64,40% padrãoouro. ouro. COVID-1 mundo emergentes vacina superiores estratégicas COVID1 SARS-CoV 150 50 1.5 7 4 49, 678 6 8 67,82 644 64,40 COVID- 15 5 1. 67,8 64,4 67, 64,

Resumo Boophilus microplus é uma das principais espécies de carrapatos bovinos, causando grandes perdas econômicas para a indústria de laticínios em todo o mundo, incluindo o Paquistão. Triclorfon e deltametrina são usados no controle de carrapatos bovinos, e seus sprays também são usados em outros programas de controle de pragas que exercem pressão sobre os carrapatos para ganhar resistência. Este estudo tem como objetivo examinar o nível de resistência de Rhipicephalus microplus contra triclorfon e deltametrina. Os carrapatos ingurgitados foram coletados de duas regiões ecológicas de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, KPK Paquistão, ou seja, Swat & Dir (Zona 1) e Charsadda & Nowshera (Zona 2). Quatro concentrações de acaricidas em duas e dez vezes ppm com três repetições para cada foram usadas em ambos os bioensaios. O ensaio de eclosão de ovos e testes de imersão em adultos foram usados para avaliar o status de resistência. A análise probit do ensaio de eclosão de ovos mostrou a maior porcentagem de eclosão na zona 1 em ambas as diluições (67% na diluição de duas vezes e 68,33% na diluição de dez vezes), enquanto a concentração letal (CL95) foi de 2,187 ppm e dose discriminante (DD) como 4,374 ppm para triclorfon. Na zona 2, a porcentagem de eclosão foi de 73 em duas vezes e 72% em dez vezes, enquanto LC95 foi registrado como 0,599 ppm e DD como 1,198 ppm. Os mesmos parâmetros foram estudados para a deltametrina, e na zona 1 a porcentagem de eclosão foi de 38% na diluição de duas vezes e 37% na diluição de dez vezes, enquanto CL95 foi registrado como 0,001 ppm e DD como 0,002 ppm. Na zona 2, a eclodibilidade foi registrada como 42% na diluição de duas vezes e 43% na diluição de dez vezes. Os valores para LC95 foram registrados como 0,001 ppm e DD como 0,002 ppm. Além disso, a análise do teste de imersão de adulto contra triclorfon revelou os valores de LC50 como 2,85 ppm e LC95 como 4,71 ppm na zona 1 e na zona 2 como 3,14 ppm e 5,28 ppm, respectivamente. Da mesma forma, LC50 e LC95 contra deltametrina foram registrados como 0,79 ppm e 1,71 ppm na zona 1 e 0,45 ppm e 4,325 ppm na zona 2, respectivamente. Com base nos achados deste estudo, o isolado Rhipicephalus microplus mostrou-se mais resistente ao acaricida amplamente utilizado, ou seja, triclorfon do que deltametrina. Para manter a eficácia dos acaricidas em nível nacional, o estudo recomenda o monitoramento contínuo da resistência.

Abstract Boophilus microplus is a major cattle tick specie causing great economic loss to the dairy industry throughout the globe including Pakistan. Trichlorfon and Deltamethrin are used to control bovine ticks, and their sprays are also used in other pest control programs that exert pressure on ticks to gain resistance. This study is aimed to examine the resistance level of Rhipiciphalus microplus against trichlorfon and deltamethrin. The engorged ticks were collected from two ecological regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, KPK Pakistan i.e., Swat & Dir (zone-1), and Charsadda & Nowshera (zone-2). Four concentrations of acaricides in two-fold and ten-fold ppm with three replicates for each were used in both bioassays. Egg hatch assay and adult immersion tests were used to assess the resistance status. The probit analysis of egg hatch assay showed the highest hatching percentage in zone 1 on both dilutions (67-76% on two-fold and 68-88% on ten-fold dilution) while lethal concentration (LC95) was found to be 2.187 ppm and discriminating dose (DD) as 4.374 ppm for trichlorfon. In zone 2, hatching percentage was 73-84 on two-fold and 72-91% on ten-fold dilution while LC95 was recorded as 0.599 ppm and DD as 1.198 ppm. The same parameters were studied for deltamethrin and in zone 1 the hatching percentage was found as 38-56% on two-fold dilution and 37-80% on ten-fold dilution while LC95 was recorded as 0.001 ppm and DD as 0.002 ppm. In zone 2, the hatchability was recorded as 42-58% on two-fold and 43-85% on ten-fold dilution. The values for LC95 was recorded as 0.001 ppm and DD as 0.002 ppm. Further, analysis of adult immersion test against trichlorfon revealed the values of LC50 as 2.85 ppm and LC95 as 4.71 ppm in zone 1 and in zone 2 as 3.14 ppm and 5.28 ppm, respectively. Similarly, LC50 and LC95 against deltamethrin was recorded as 0.79 ppm & 1.71 ppm in zone 1 and 0.45 ppm & 4.325 ppm in zone 2, respectively. Based on the findings of this study, the isolated Rhipicephalus microplus was found to be more resistant to the widely used acaricides i.e., trichlorfon than deltamethrin. In order to maintain the efficacy of acaricides at country level, the study recommends continuous monitoring of resistance.

Abstract Gomphrena celosioides, popularly known as perpétua, perpétua brava, bachelor´s button and prostate globe amarahth, is used for the treatment of urinary tract disorders, kidney stones, for skin diseases, infectious diseases, gastrointestinal and respiratory conditions. Rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids, this plant has therefore a potential for use in cancer prevention. Given the above, the present research aimed to evaluate the carcinogenic effect of the ethanolic extract of G. celosioides (EEGc) in an alternative model of Drosophila melanogaster and the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects in Swiss mice. The larval survival test and the detection of epithelial tumor clones were performed in D. melanogaster. The tested EEGc concentrations were 0.96, 1.92, 3.85 and 7.70 mg/mL. In Swiss mice, the genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of doses of 100, 1,000 and 2,000 mg/Kg were evaluated. The results showed that EEGc at a concentration of 7.70 mg/mL reduced (p<0.05) larval survival. However, EEGc was not carcinogenic, and the lowest concentration (0.96 mg/mL) prevented (p<0.05) the basal occurrence of epithelial tumors. In mice, EEGc at the highest dose (2,000mg/Kg) increased the frequency of genomic lesions (p<0.05). Yet, none of the doses caused chromosomal lesions (p>0.05). When associated with cyclophosphamide, EEGc was antigenotoxic (p<0.05). The percentages of reduction of genomic damage ranged from 33.39 to 63.23% and of chromosomal damage from 20.00 to 77.19%. In view of the above, it is suggested that EEGc is not carcinogenic, has an antigenotoxic effect and chemopreventive properties. brava bachelors bachelor s amarahth disorders stones diseases conditions flavonoids prevention above G (EEGc mice D 096 0 96 0.96 192 1 92 1.92 385 3 85 3.8 770 7 70 7.7 mgmL mg mL 100 1000 000 1,00 2000 2 2,00 mgKg Kg evaluated p<0.05 p005 p 05 (p<0.05 However (0.9 tumors 2,000mg/Kg 2000mgKg 000mg (2,000mg/Kg p<0.05. . Yet p>0.05. p>0.05 (p>0.05) cyclophosphamide 3339 33 39 33.3 6323 63 23 63.23 20 00 20.0 7719 77 19 77.19% properties 09 9 0.9 1.9 38 8 3. 7. 10 1,0 200 2,0 p<0.0 p00 (p<0.0 (0. p>0.0 (p>0.05 333 33. 632 6 63.2 20. 771 77.19 0. 1. 1, 2, p<0. p0 (p<0. (0 p>0. (p>0.0 63. 77.1 p<0 (p<0 ( p>0 (p>0. 77. p< (p< p> (p>0 (p (p>

Resumo Gomphrena celosioides, conhecida popularmente por perpétua, perpétua brava, bachelor´s button e prostate globe amarahth, é utilizada na medicina popular para o tratamento de distúrbios do trato urinário e pedra nos rins e para doenças de pele, infecciosas, gastrointestinais e respiratórias. Essa planta é rica em ácidos fenólicos e flavonóides e, portanto, tem potencial para uso na prevenção de câncer. Frente ao exposto, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito carcinogênico do extrato etanólico de G. celosioides (EEGc) em modelo alternativo de Drosophila melanogaster e os efeitos genotóxicos e antigenotóxicos em camundongos Swiss. Em D. melanogaster foi realizado o teste de sobrevivência larval e para a detecção de clones de tumores epiteliais. As concentrações testadas do EEGc foram de 0,96, 1,92, 3,85 e 7,70 mg/mL. Em camundongos Swiss avaliou-se a genotoxicidade e antigenotoxicidade das doses de 100, 1.000 e 2.000 mg/Kg. Os resultados demonstraram que o EEGc na concentração de 7,70 mg/mL reduziu (p<0,05) a sobrevivência larval. No entanto, o EEGc não é carcinogênico e a menor concentração (0,96 mg/mL) preveniu (p<0,05) a ocorrência basal de tumores epiteliais. Nos camundongos o EEGc na maior dose (2.000mg/Kg) aumentou a frequência de lesões genômicas (p<0,05). Porém, nenhuma das doses causou lesões cromossômicas (p>0,05). Quando associado à ciclofosfamida o EEGc foi antigenotóxico (p<0,05). As porcentagens de redução de danos genômicos variaram de 33,39 a 63,23% e de danos cromossômicos de 20,00 a 77,19%. Frente ao exposto, sugere-se que o EEGc não é carcinogênico, tem efeito antigenotóxico e propriedade quimiopreventiva. brava bachelors bachelor s amarahth pele infecciosas respiratórias portanto câncer exposto G (EEGc D epiteliais 096 0 96 0,96 192 1 92 1,92 385 3 85 3,8 770 7 70 7,7 mgmL mg mL avaliouse avaliou se 100 1000 000 1.00 2000 2 2.00 mgKg Kg mg/Kg p<0,05 p005 p 05 (p<0,05 entanto (0,9 2.000mg/Kg 2000mgKg 000mg (2.000mg/Kg p<0,05. . Porém p>0,05. p>0,05 (p>0,05) 3339 33 39 33,3 6323 63 23 63,23 20 00 20,0 7719 77 19 77,19% sugerese sugere quimiopreventiva 09 9 0,9 1,9 38 8 3, 7, 10 1.0 200 2.0 p<0,0 p00 (p<0,0 (0, p>0,0 (p>0,05 333 33, 632 6 63,2 20, 771 77,19 0, 1, 1. 2. p<0, p0 (p<0, (0 p>0, (p>0,0 63, 77,1 p<0 (p<0 ( p>0 (p>0, 77, p< (p< p> (p>0 (p (p>

Abstract Around the globe, plastic has been entering the aquatic system and is ingested by organisms. Identification, optimal digestion method, and characterization of the polymers to trace sources are of growing importance. Hence, the present work investigated microplastics accumulation, digestion protocol efficiency, and characterization of polymers with FTIR analysis in the guts of five fishes (Lethrinus nebulosus, Rastrelliger kanagurta, Acanthopagrus arabicus, Otolithes ruber, and Euryglossa orientalis) from the Karachi coastal area, Arabian Sea. A total of 1154 microplastics (MPs) were ingested by 29 out of 33 fish species (87%). The highest average MP/fish was recorded in Otolithes ruber (54) and the lowest in Rastrelliger kanagurta (19.42). Microfibers were the most abundant shape with the highest numbers (35.52%) as compared to the rest of the MPs identified. Transparent microfibers were recorded as the highest in numbers followed by red, black, blue, and green. In this study, KOH with different concentrations and exposure times along with oxidizing agent hydrogen peroxide was tested (Protocols 3 and 4). Results showed these bases were highly efficient in obtaining optimal digestion of the samples. FTIR analysis confirmed that the majority of the polymers found in the fish guts were polyethylene and polypropylene. This study validated for the first time the presence of these polymers of plastic in marine fish from Pakistan. globe organisms Identification method importance Hence accumulation efficiency Lethrinus nebulosus arabicus orientalis area Sea 115 (MPs 2 87%. 87 87% . (87%) MPfish MP 54 (54 19.42. 1942 19.42 19 42 (19.42) 35.52% 3552 35 52 (35.52% identified red black blue green Protocols 4. 4 4) samples polypropylene Pakistan 11 8 (87% 5 (5 194 19.4 1 (19.42 35.52 355 (35.52 (87 ( 19. (19.4 35.5 (35.5 (8 (19. 35. (35. (19 (35 (1 (3

Resumo Em todo o mundo, o plástico tem entrado no sistema aquático e tem sido ingerido por organismos. A identificação, o método de digestão ideal e a caracterização dos polímeros para rastrear fontes são de crescente importância. Portanto, o presente trabalho investigou o acúmulo de microplásticos, a eficiência do protocolo de digestão e a caracterização de polímeros com análise de FTIR nos tratos digestivos de cinco peixes (Lethrinus nebulosus, Rastrelliger kanagurta, Acanthopagrus arabicus, Otolithes ruber e Euryglossa orientalis) do litoral de Karachi, no mar Arábico. Um total de 1154 microplásticos (MP) foram ingeridos por 29 das 33 espécies de peixes (87%) estudadas. A maior média MP/peixe foi registrada no Otolithes ruber (54), e a menor no Rastrelliger kanagurta (19,42). As microfibras foram a forma mais abundante e com os maiores números (35,52%), em comparação ao restante das MPs identificadas. As microfibras transparentes foram detectadas em maior número, seguidas por vermelho, preto, azul e verde. Neste estudo, o KOH foi testado em diferentes concentrações e tempos de exposição, juntamente com o agente oxidante peróxido de hidrogênio (Protocolos 3 e 4). Os resultados mostraram que essas bases foram altamente eficientes para a obtenção de digestão ideal das amostras. A análise de FTIR confirmou que a maioria dos polímeros encontrados nos tratos digestivos dos peixes eram polietileno e polipropileno. Este estudo validou pela primeira vez a presença desses polímeros de plástico em peixes marinhos do Paquistão. mundo organismos identificação importância Portanto Lethrinus nebulosus arabicus orientalis Karachi Arábico 115 MP (MP 2 87% 87 (87% estudadas MPpeixe peixe 54, 54 , (54) 19,42. 1942 19,42 . 19 42 (19,42) 35,52%, 3552 35,52% 35 52 (35,52%) identificadas número vermelho preto verde exposição Protocolos 4. 4 4) amostras polipropileno Paquistão 11 8 (87 5 (54 194 19,4 1 (19,42 355 35,52 (35,52% (8 (5 19, (19,4 35,5 (35,52 ( (19, 35, (35,5 (19 (35, (1 (35 (3

Abstract Purpose Laparoscopic techniques to treat pelvic organ prolapse are gaining popularity around the globe due to their low recurrence rates and better functional results compared to perineal techniques. However, the optimum surgical procedures are not yet determined. In the current research, we suggest a novel surgical approach, laparoscopic vaginal suspension with suture rectopexy, to treat multiorgan pelvic prolapse. Methods This prospective cohort trial was conducted from March 2018 to March 2022 and comprised 35 females with multiorgan pelvic organ prolapse with obstructed defecation symptoms. A residual rectal prolapse was still present despite the manual reduction of uterine prolapse. Patients’ conditions before and after the operation were monitored regarding the obstructed defecation score, sexual function, need for laxatives, anorectal manometry pressures, anorectal sensations, and recurrence. The mean follow-up duration was one year. Results Modified Longo score for obstructed defecation significantly decreased at six and twelve months after surgery. Additionally, a significant reduction was reported in the number of patients who needed laxatives at six and twelve months after surgery. Anorectal manometry pre- and post-surgery showed a significant elevation in the mean squeeze pressure and a decline in all rectal sensations. All parameters of the female sexual function scoring system increased postoperatively. No recurrence was reported during follow-up. Conclusion For multiorgan pelvic prolapse, laparoscopic vaginal suspension combined with suture rectopexy has excellent functional outcomes, minimal morbidity, and low cost. However determined research approach 201 202 3 symptoms Patients pressures sensations followup follow up year surgery Additionally pre postsurgery post postoperatively followup. up. outcomes morbidity cost 20 2

Infidelity is a common phenomenon in modern society and a major factor in marital dissolution across the globe. A qualitative research approach was used in this study to develop an in-depth understanding of the experiences and impact of infidelity amongst young married couples. The participants were purposively selected from a population of young married couples who had experienced infidelity in their marriage and lived within the municipal borders of Lepelle-Nkumpi, in Limpopo province, using the snowball technique. Tesch's eight steps were used to analyse the data. To ensure the trustworthiness of the findings, the researchers assessed the qualitative data for credibility, transferability, dependability, and conformability. The findings highlight that young married couples experiencing marital infidelity require direction from social workers to understand the process of recovery from any type of infidelity to bring about improvement and change in their marriage.

Abstract The need for the identification of risk factors associated to COVID-19 disease severity remains urgent. Patients’ care and resource allocation can be potentially different and are defined based on the current classification of disease severity. This classification is based on the analysis of clinical parameters and routine blood tests, which are not standardized across the globe. Some laboratory test alterations have been associated to COVID-19 severity, although these data are conflicting partly due to the different methodologies used across different studies. This study aimed to construct and validate a disease severity prediction model using machine learning (ML). Seventy-two patients admitted to a Brazilian hospital and diagnosed with COVID-19 through RT-PCR and/or ELISA, and with varying degrees of disease severity, were included in the study. Their electronic medical records and the results from daily blood tests were used to develop a ML model to predict disease severity. Using the above data set, a combination of five laboratorial biomarkers was identified as accurate predictors of COVID-19 severe disease with a ROC-AUC of 0.80 ± 0.13. Those biomarkers included prothrombin activity, ferritin, serum iron, ATTP and monocytes. The application of the devised ML model may help rationalize clinical decision and care. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 urgent Patients globe studies ML. . (ML) Seventytwo Seventy two RTPCR RT PCR andor or ELISA set ROCAUC ROC AUC 080 0 80 0.8 013 13 0.13 activity ferritin iron monocytes COVID1 1 COVID- (ML 08 8 0. 01 0.1

ABSTRACT The call for expanding educational opportunities for all (including the most vulnerable groups) has been both promising and disruptive, particularly as inclusive education policies spread across the globe. Notably, inclusive education embodies a transformative promise for contexts where inequality is ubiquitous. However, different perspectives on the categorization of vulnerable groups are emerging around the globe, which influences the way Inclusive Education is designed and implemented. Thus, in this paper, we reflect on the differences among countries in their approach to implementing Inclusive Education, we discuss the hierarchies of difference that are created, and we set an initial discussion to foster the analysis of categories of difference and their implications for Inclusive Education in future research. including disruptive globe Notably ubiquitous However implemented Thus paper created research

RESUMO A chamada pela expansão das oportunidades educativas para todos (incluindo os grupos mais vulneráveis) tem sido ao mesmo tempo promissor e perturbador, especialmente na medida em que as políticas de educação inclusiva se espalham por todo o mundo. Notavelmente, a educação inclusiva incorpora uma promessa transformadora para contextos em que a desigualdade é omnipresente. No entanto, diferentes perspectivas sobre a categorização de grupos vulneráveis estão surgindo em todo o mundo, o que influencia a forma como a Educação Inclusiva é concebida e implementada. Assim sendo, neste artigo, refletimos sobre as diferenças entre os países na sua abordagem à implementação da Educação Inclusiva, discutimos as hierarquias de diferenças que são criadas e estabelecemos uma discussão inicial para promover a análise das categorias de diferença e as suas implicações para a Educação Inclusiva em pesquisas futuras. incluindo perturbador mundo Notavelmente omnipresente entanto implementada sendo artigo futuras