Abstract Introduction: The creation of protected natural areas within urban environments has played an essential role in providing small reservoirs of native vegetation and refuges for endemic species. However, knowledge of how land management and landscape design can influence the different community structures of urban parks is scarce. Objective: To analyze, through ant communities, the influence of urbanization in a protected natural area (PNA) located in an urban zone. Methods: From April to July 2022, using bait traps and pitfall traps along 100 m transects, the presence of ant species was recorded in the El Refugio State Park Natural Area in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Alpha diversity was assessed using Hill numbers, while beta diversity was evaluated using the Jaccard index. Additionally, indicator species were identified through the indicator value (IndVal). Multiple correspondence analysis was conducted to associate the presence of species with environmental variables and vegetation types, and contingency tables were created to relate ant presence to vegetation cover size. Results: In total 18 565 individuals were captured (five subfamilies, 22 genera, and 29 species). Species richness and diversity decreased in sites with low vegetation cover, such as in Tamaulipan thornscrub; secondary vegetation retained greater species richness. Indicator species found in secondary vegetation and grassland areas were mainly composed of species that tolerate high temperatures and generalists such as Forelius mccooki and Tetramorium spinosum. The presence of these species is primarily associated with temperature, humidity, and vegetation cover. A relationship between the presence of ant species and vegetation cover size was evident. Conclusion: The structure and composition of ant communities vary according to the type of vegetation structure, particularly in areas that have undergone greater anthropogenic damage. Therefore, the conservation of landscapes, as well as monitoring of these areas, should be considered in future research.

Resumen Introducción: La creación de espacios naturales protegidos en entornos urbanos desempeñan un papel esencial, proporcionando reservorios de vegetación autóctona y refugios de fauna endémica. Sin embargo, es escaso el conocimiento sobre cómo la gestión del suelo y el diseño del paisaje influye en las diferentes estructuras comunitarias de parques urbanos. Objetivo: Analizar a través de comunidades de hormigas la influencia de la urbanización en un área natural protegida en zona urbana. Métodos: De abril a julio de 2022, en transectos de 100 m se colocaron trampas de cebo y Pitfall, se registró la presencia de especies de hormigas del Parque Estatal “El Refugio” (PER), Tamaulipas, México. La diversidad Alfa se evaluó mediante números de Hill y la diversidad Beta con el índice de Jaccard. Se identificaron especies indicadoras con el Valor Indicador (IndVal). Se realizó un análisis de correspondencia múltiple asociando la presencia de especies con variables ambientales y tipos de vegetación. Se realizó una tabla de contingencia para relacionar la presencia de hormigas con el tamaño de cobertura vegetal. Resultados: En total, se capturaron 18 565 individuos (cinco subfamilias, 22 géneros y 29 especies). La riqueza y diversidad de especies disminuyó en sitios con baja cobertura vegetal, como en matorral espinoso tamaulipeco; la vegetación secundaria conservó mayor riqueza de especies. Áreas de vegetación secundaria y pastizal registraron especies indicadoras, principalmente especies generalistas y tolerantes a las altas temperaturas como Forelius mccooki y Tetramorium spinosum. La presencia de especies está asociada con la temperatura, humedad y cobertura vegetal. Se evidenció una relación entre presencia de especies de hormigas y tamaño de cobertura vegetal. Conclusiones: La estructura y composición de las comunidades de hormigas varía de acuerdo con la estructura vegetal, principalmente en áreas que han sufrido mayor daño antropogénico. La conservación de los paisajes y el monitoreo de estas áreas, deben ser considerados en futuras investigaciones.

Resumen Esta investigación identifica a la minería como una posible amenaza para Liometopum apiculatum Mayr, 1870 en el Altiplano Potosino a través de la evaluación de la contaminación por elementos potencialmente tóxicos en una zona minera de mercurio y el diseño de cartografía sobre el área de distribución de este insecto comestible y sitios mineros potencialmente contaminados. La evaluación de la contaminación en la zona minera consistió en la cuantificación de arsénico y mercurio en residuos mineros, suelo, hormigueros y hormigas obreras de la zona minera y un sitio de referencia mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica; la zona minera presentó niveles más altos de ambos tóxicos en todos los componentes evaluados. La cartografía reveló que la mayoría de los sitios mineros potencialmente contaminados se localizan dentro de las áreas de alta probabilidad de distribución de L. apiculatum en el Altiplano Potosino.

Abstract This research identifies mining as a possible threat to Liometopumapiculatum Mayr, 1870 in the Altiplano Potosino thought the pollution assessment of potentially toxic elements in a mercury mining zone and the design of cartography about the distribution of this edible insect and potentially polluted mining sites. Pollution assessment in the mining zone consisted in the arsenic and mercury quantification in mining waste, soil, anthills, and worker ants from the mining zone and a reference site by atomic absorption spectrophotometry; the mining zone showed higher levels of both toxicants in all assessed components. The cartography revealed that most potentially polluted mining sites are located within the areas with the highest probability of distribution of L. apiculatum in the Altiplano Potosino.

Resumo O presente estudo avalia a atividade antibacteriana de extratos brutos corporais de Camponotus compressus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). A crescente resistência das bactérias aos antibióticos levou o mundo a voltar a sua atenção para os insetos na procura de novas fontes de compostos antibacterianos. O extrato corporal bruto obtido com diferentes solventes foi testado contra bactérias Gram-positivas (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) e Gram-negativas (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae). O método padrão de difusão em disco foi utilizado para realizar a atividade. Os extratos de C. compressus foram investigados quanto à sua eficácia contra todas as bactérias patogênicas resistentes. Staphylococcus aureus foi considerado o mais suscetível, exibindo uma inibição média de crescimento elevada, enquanto Bacillus subtilis apresentou uma zona média de inibição de crescimento mais baixa. Nossos resultados quanto ao efeito inibitório dos extratos de C. compressus mostram a presença de um composto antibacteriano de amplo espectro. Isto será útil na busca de novos antibióticos naturais contra cepas bacterianas patogênicas resistentes. Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera Formicidae. Formicidae . Formicidae) antibacterianos Grampositivas Gram positivas Gramnegativas negativas Pseudomonas aeruginosa coli pneumoniae. pneumoniae pneumoniae) C resistentes suscetível elevada baixa espectro

Abstract The current study evaluates the antibacterial activity of Camponotus compressus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) body crude extracts. The increasing antibiotic resistance of bacteria has prompted the world to turn its attention towards insects in the search for new sources of antibacterial compounds. The body crude extract obtained with different solvents were tested against both Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and Gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae). Standard disc diffusion method was used to perform the activity. The extracts of C. compressus were investigated for their effectiveness against all resistant pathogenic bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus was found to be the most susceptible, exhibiting a high average growth inhibition, while Bacillus subtilis showed a lower average growth inhibition zone. Our findings regarding the inhibitory effect of C. compressus extracts show the presence of a broad-spectrum antibacterial compound. This will be helpful in the search for novel natural antibiotics against robust pathogenic bacterial strains. Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera Formicidae compounds Pseudomonas aeruginosa coli pneumoniae. pneumoniae . pneumoniae) C susceptible zone broadspectrum broad spectrum compound strains

Resumo Acacia mangium é uma espécie pioneira, de rápido crescimento e utilizada na recuperação de áreas degradadas. Os objetivos foram avaliar insetos e aranhas, seus índices ecológicos e interações com plantas de A. mangium em área tropical degradada em processo de recuperação. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com 24 repetições, com os tratamentos representados pelos primeiro e segundo anos após a plantio de A. mangium. Os números de folhas/galhos, galhos/plantas e cobertura do solo por plantas de A. mangium, de Hemiptera: Phenacoccus sp. e Pachycoris torridus; Hymenoptera: Tetragonisca angustula e Trigona spinipes, Brachymyrmex sp., Camponotus sp. e Cephalotes sp.; Blattodea: Nasutitermes sp. e Neuroptera: Chrysoperla sp.; a abundância, riqueza de espécies de insetos polinizadores, formigas cuidadoras e a abundância de predadores de Sternorrhyncha foram maiores no segundo ano após o plantio. Os números de Hemiptera: Aethalium reticulatum, Hymenoptera: Camponotus sp., Cephalotes sp., Polybia sp., T. angustula, T. spinipes, formigas cuidadoras, insetos polinizadores, predadores de Sternorrhyncha e a riqueza de espécies de formigas cuidadoras foram maiores em plantas de A. mangium com maior altura e número de folhas ou galhos. O aumento populacional de artrópodes e da cobertura do solo com o processo de envelhecimento das plantas de A. mangium indicam impacto positivo dessa planta na recuperação de áreas degradadas.

Abstract Acacia mangium is a pioneer species with fast growth and frequently used in the recovery of degraded areas. The objectives were to evaluate insects and spiders, their ecological indices and interactions on A. mangium saplings in a tropical degraded area in recovering process. The experimental design was completely randomized with 24 replications, with treatments represented by the first and second years after A. mangium seedling planted. Numbers of leaves/branch, branches/sapling, and ground cover by A. mangium saplings, Hemiptera: Phenacoccus sp. and Pachycoris torridus; Hymenoptera: Tetragonisca angustula and Trigona spinipes, Brachymyrmex sp., Camponotus sp. and Cephalotes sp.; Blattodea: Nasutitermes sp. and Neuroptera: Chrysoperla sp.; abundance, species richness of pollinating insects, tending ants, and the abundance of Sternorrhyncha predators were greatest in the second year after planting. Numbers of Hemiptera: Aethalium reticulatum, Hymenoptera: Camponotus sp., Cephalotes sp., Polybia sp., T. angustula, T. spinipes, tending ants, pollinating insects, Sternorrhyncha predators and species richness of tending ants were highest on A. mangium saplings with greatest numbers of leaves or branches. The increase in the population of arthropods with ground cover by A. mangium saplings age increase indicates the positive impact by this plant on the recovery process of degraded areas.

ABSTRACT We provide an update on the famelica species group, redescribing Leptogenys famelica Emery, 1896 and describing a new species, Leptogenys pujoli n. sp., based on worker specimens. The new species is smaller than L. famelica and can be distinguished by the indistinct mesometanotal suture, and the petiolar node with an anterodorsal margin mostly straight anterior to spiracle in lateral view. Leptogenys famelica is distributed from Costa Rica to Panama, while L. pujoli n. sp. is distributed throughout the Brazilian Amazon, from French Guiana to Bolivia. Some records previously attributed to L. famelica remain uncertain, potentially being either L. famelica or L. pujoli n. sp., or perhaps representing one or more undescribed species. We update the key to Leptogenys workers by Lattke (2011) and include images. We synthesize available knowledge about the possible biology of these species and propose that both L. famelica and L. pujoli n. sp. are generalist predators and that their reproduction is dependent on gamergates. group Emery 189 n sp specimens L suture view Panama Amazon Bolivia uncertain 2011 (2011 images gamergates 18 201 (201 1 20 (20 2 (2 (

Abstract Conservation soil management systems can promote beneficial changes in the edaphic fauna, which is important in improving and maintaining soil quality. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the edaphic fauna in two areas with soils managed under no-till with and without terraces for four years. The edaphic fauna was evaluated by installing 32 pitfall trapsin each experimental plot. After seven days, the traps were removed, and the sampled individuals were classified at the level of major taxonomic groups. Collembola, Acari, Formicidae, Coleoptera, and Araneae were the most abundant in both study areas. The mean abundance of the order Coleoptera stood out in the no-till system with terraces in 2021, while the orders Collembola and Acari were more abundant without terraces in 2019 and 2021, and 2021 and 2022, respectively. There was a greater abundance of organisms for both areas in 2021, with significant equitability in the no-till system with terraces. Thus, the results showed that only some groups are positively affected by mechanical erosion control. quality Hence notill no till years 3 plot days removed Formicidae 201 202 2022 respectively Thus control 20 2

RESUMO A formiga Samsum (preta), Pachycondyla sennaarensis (Formicidae; Hymenoptera), é amplamente distribuída na África subsaariana e é também a espécie mais comum da família no sul da Arábia. A formiga Samsum é muito invasiva e economicamente prejudicial e se tornou um grande problema na Arábia Saudita e em outros países de distribuição devido à sua natureza agressiva, picadas graves e danos à agricultura, aos ecossistemas naturais e à saúde humana. As propriedades físico-químicas e os efeitos variados contra pragas de insetos tornam os extratos de plantas uma alternativa em potencial para o desenvolvimento de pesticidas. Neste estudo, os efeitos de toxicidade do extrato de folhas de oleandro contra adultos de P. sennaarensis. A exposição de adultos de P. sennaarensis aos extratos de folhas de oleandro produziu 96,7% de mortalidade no bioensaio inseticida, especialmente na concentração de 40%. A porcentagem de mortalidade variou de 3,3 a 96,7% após 48 horas. A porcentagem de mortalidade dos adultos da formiga Samsum diminuiu com o aumento dos períodos de exposição. A porcentagem de mortalidade foi altamente correlacionada negativamente com os tempos de exposição (R= -0,80 a -0,94; P=0001) em concentrações de 40 a 10%, respectivamente. Os resultados gerais do estudo atual sugerem que o extrato da folha de Nerium oleander pode ter propriedades inseticidas em potencial, que poderiam ser empregadas no controle de pragas. A investigação de GC-MS revelou que a folha de N. oleander extrai vários compostos bioativos associados a metabólitos secundários de plantas com seu tempo de retenção (RT) e área de pico %. Concluímos que os extratos de folhas de N. oleander têm o potencial de serem úteis no manejo de pragas de insetos, especialmente formigas Samsum, mas devem ser manuseados e aplicados com extrema cautela. preta, preta , (preta) Formicidae (Formicidae Hymenoptera, Hymenoptera Hymenoptera) agressiva agricultura humana físicoquímicas físico químicas pesticidas P 967 96 7 96,7 inseticida 40% 33 3 3, 4 horas R= R (R 0,80 080 0 80 -0,8 0,94 094 94 -0,94 P=0001 P0001 0001 10 10% respectivamente GCMS GC MS N RT (RT % cautela (preta 9 96, 0,8 08 8 -0, 0,9 09 -0,9 P=000 P000 000 1 0, -0 P=00 P00 00 - P=0 P0 P=

ABSTRACT The Samsum (black) ant, Pachycondyla sennaarensis (Formicidae; Hymenoptera) is widely distributed throughout sub-Saharan Africa, and it is also the most common species of the family in southern Arabia. Samsum ant is very invasive and economically damaging and has become a big problem in Saudi Arabia and other distribution countries due to their aggressive nature, severe stings, and harm to agriculture, natural ecosystems, and human health. The physicochemical properties and varied effects against insect pests make plant extracts a potential alternative in the development of pesticides. In this study, the Nerium oleander leaves extract toxicity effects against P. sennaarensis adults. Exposure of P. sennaarensis adult to the oleander leaf extracts produced 96.7% mortality in the insecticidal bioassay, especially at 40% concentration. The mortality % ranged from 3.3-96.7% after 48hrs. The mortality percentage of the Samsum ant adults decreased by increasing exposure periods. The mortality % was highly negatively correlated with exposure times (R= - 0.80 to - 0.94; P = 0001) at 40 to 10% concentrations, respectively. The overall results of the current study suggest that the leaf extract of N. oleander may possess potential insecticidal properties, which could potentially be employed in pest management. The GC-MS investigation uncovered that N. oleander leaf extracts numerous bioactive compounds associated with plant secondary metabolites with their retention time (RT), and peak area %. We conclude that the N. oleander leaf extracts have the potential to be useful in managing insect pests, particularly Samsum ants, but that they must be handled and applied with extreme caution. black (black Formicidae (Formicidae Hymenoptera subSaharan sub Saharan Africa nature stings agriculture ecosystems health pesticides 967 96 7 96.7 bioassay concentration 3.396.7% 33967 3.3 3 3.3-96.7 48hrs hrs periods R= R (R 080 0 80 0.8 0.94 094 94 0001 4 10 concentrations respectively N management GCMS GC MS RT, RT , (RT) ants caution 9 96. 396 3.396.7 3396 33 3. 3.3-96. 08 8 0. 0.9 09 000 1 (RT 39 3.396. 339 3.3-96 00 3.396 3.3-9 3.39 3.3-

ABSTRACT Here we present melanic forms of ants belonging to the light-colored Neotropical species Heteroponera dolo (Ectatomminae) and Prionopelta punctulata (Amblyoponinae). We also discuss the intraspecific variation regarding body color for both species and provide the dominant colors for the light and dark forms based on the amount of red, blue and green tones generated from the HEX code. lightcolored colored Ectatomminae (Ectatomminae Amblyoponinae. Amblyoponinae . (Amblyoponinae) red code (Amblyoponinae

Resumen Introducción: Las hormigas cumplen funciones ecológicas importantes en muchos ecosistemas, y son altamente sensibles a los cambios en el uso del suelo. Sin embargo, la respuesta ante estos cambios está poco documentada, a grandes escalas espaciales y en distintos usos de suelo, en ecosistemas poco estudiados como la Serranía del Perijá. Objetivo: Analizar la riqueza, diversidad y composición de las comunidades de hormigas en cuatro usos de suelo de dos paisajes agroforestales de la Serranía del Perijá, Cesar, Colombia. Métodos: En dos paisajes agroforestales (compensación y no compensación) se delimitaron dos ventanas de muestreo de 4 × 4 km. Dentro de cada ventana y paisaje se escogieron cuatro usos de suelo: bosques, sistemas agroforestales de café, regeneración natural y pastizales, en los cuales se aplicaron dos métodos de captura: trampas Pitfall y sacos Winkler. Se midieron seis variables ambientales: cobertura de dosel, altura de la hojarasca, densidad aparente, temperatura, humedad y dureza del suelo. El esfuerzo de muestreo fueron 384 trampas Pitfall y 192 m2 de extracción de hojarasca. El trabajo de campo se realizó entre febrero y marzo de 2021. Resultados: Las hormigas mostraron alta sensibilidad a los cambios en el uso del suelo. La diversidad y riqueza de especies disminuyó en los usos de suelo con menor cobertura vegetal natural, como los pastizales; mientras que los bosques, en ambos paisajes, conservaron la mayor riqueza de especies. La cobertura de dosel y la disponibilidad de hojarasca fueron los parámetros ambientales que favorecieron la diversidad y riqueza de las comunidades de hormigas en todos los usos de suelo. No se encontraron diferencias entre la composición de hormigas de los dos paisajes estudiados. Conclusiones: Las hormigas responden a los cambios de uso de suelo y en particular a la cobertura vegetal. Se confirmó nuestra hipótesis puesto que los usos de suelo con alta cobertura vegetal fueron los hábitats con mayor riqueza y diversidad de hormigas. La heterogeneidad ambiental, producto de la dinámica de transformación de los paisajes es un elemento que debe considerarse en futuras investigaciones.

Abstract Introduction: Ants fulfill important ecological functions in many ecosystems and are highly sensitive to changes in land use. However, the response to these changes is poorly documented, at large spatial scales and in different land uses, in poorly studied ecosystems such as the Serranía del Perijá. Objective: To analyze the richness, diversity, and composition of ant communities in four land uses of two agroforestry landscapes of the Serranía del Perijá, Cesar, Colombia. Methods: Two sampling windows of 4 × 4 km were delimited in two agroforestry landscapes (compensation and non-compensation). In each window and landscape four land uses were chosen: forests, coffee agroforestry systems, natural regeneration and pastures, in which two trapping methods were applied: Pitfall traps and Winkler bags. Six environmental variables were measured: canopy cover, leaf litter height, bulk density, temperature, humidity and soil hardness. The sampling effort was 384 Pitfall traps and 192 m2 of leaf litter extraction. The fieldwork was conducted between February and March 2021. Results: Ants showed high sensitivity to changes in land use. Species diversity and richness decreased in land uses with less natural vegetation cover, such as pastures; while forests, in both landscapes, retained the highest species richness. Canopy cover and leaf litter availability were the environmental parameters that favored the diversity and richness of ant communities in all land uses. No differences were found between the ant composition of the two landscapes studied. Conclusions: Ants respond to changes in land use, particularly to vegetation cover. Our hypothesis was confirmed since land uses with high vegetation cover were the habitats with the greatest richness and diversity of ants. Environmental heterogeneity, a product of the dynamics of landscape transformation, is an element that should be considered in future research.

ABSTRACT Ants are very diverse hymenopterans with a wide geographical distribution. They are social insects and their communication is based on chemical signals. Within the group of semiochemicals that regulate the search for foods are the trail pheromones on the roads. The purpose of this review is to document the main tracking pheromones on the trails that guide ants to feeding sources. A systematic review was carried out based on the guidelines of the PRISMA statement of research found in PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar of the pheromones trails. Reported 26 chemical compounds were reported in 14 species of ants, the main sources of obtaining were extracts of the whole body, abdomen and glands. The detection of the semiochemicals were electrophysiological responses of Hymenoptera and chromatographic methods, recording short and long-chain organic compounds (C05-C18). The study of trial chemical compounds has been carried out on a small number of species, this type of research has great potential for the control of invasive ants, since their distribution has had negative repercussions on ecosystems and economic damage to man.

RESUMEN Las hormigas son himenópteros muy diversos y de amplia distribución geográfica. Son insectos sociales y su comunicación se basa en señales químicas. Dentro del grupo de semioquímicos que regulan la búsqueda de alimentos están las feromonas de rastro en los caminos. El propósito de esta revisión es documentar las principales feromonas de seguimiento en los senderos que guían a las hormigas hacia las fuentes de alimentación. Se realizó una revisión sistemática basada en las directrices de la declaratoria PRISMA de las investigaciones encontradas en PubMed, Web of Science y Google Scholar de las feromonas de rastro. Se reportaron 26 compuestos químicos de 14 especies de hormigas, las principales fuentes de obtención fueron extractos de cuerpo completo, abdomen y glándulas. La detección de los semioquímicos fueron respuestas electrofisiológicas de los himenópteros y métodos cromatográficos, registrando compuestos orgánicos de cadena corta y larga (C05-C18). El estudio de compuestos químicos de rastro se ha realizado a un número reducido de especies, este tipo de investigaciones tiene gran potencial para el control de hormigas invasoras, ya que su distribución ha tenido repercusiones negativas en los ecosistemas y daños económicos para el hombre.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate ant species interacting with mealybugs in sugarcane plantations, the frequency of occurrence, and the effects of the interaction with ants on mealybug population size. The data was collected in a sugarcane plantation area in Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The insect species were collected from 70 thoroughly inspected sugarcane plants and the nature and frequency of the interactions were evaluated. The effect of the interaction with ants on mealybug abundance was evaluated by counting the number of adult females of each mealybug species on ten plants isolated and ten plants not isolated from ants. Two mealybug species were collected: Aclerda takahashii (Kuwana, 1932) and Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell, 1895). Ten and seven ant species were found interacting with A. takahashii and S. sacchari, respectively, which were distributed among six genera; the most frequent genera were Crematogaster and Camponotus. Three ant species interacted exclusively with A. takahashii, whereas the others interacted with both mealybug species. The abundance of A. takahashii females was significantly higher on non-isolated than on isolated plants (Paired t-test; t = 2.34; p = 0.04). However, no significant difference in S. sacchari abundance was found between isolated and non-isolated plants (t = 0.27; p = 0.8), nor for the two species combined (t = 1.9; p = 0.09). Thus, ant species that interact with mealybugs in sugarcane plantations cause increases in A. takahashii populations which, at a larger scale, can reduce crop yield. occurrence size Seropedica Janeiro Brazil 7 Kuwana, Kuwana (Kuwana 1932 Cockerell, Cockerell (Cockerell 1895. 1895 . 1895) A S respectively Camponotus nonisolated non Paired ttest test t-test 2.34 234 2 34 0.04. 004 0.04 0 04 0.04) However 0.27 027 27 0.8, 08 0.8 , 8 0.8) 1.9 19 1 9 0.09. 009 0.09 09 0.09) Thus scale yield 193 189 2.3 23 3 00 0.0 0.2 02 0. 1. 18 2.

RESUMO O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar o levantamento das espécies de formigas que apresentam interações com cochonilhas em plantios de cana-de-açúcar, registrando a frequência de ocorrência e o efeito da interação com as formigas sobre as populações de cochonilhas. A pesquisa foi realizada em plantio de cana-de-açúcar no município de Seropédica, estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os insetos foram coletados em 70 plantas de cana-de-açúcar, observando-se a natureza das interações e a sua frequência. Para avaliar a influência da interação das formigas sobre a abundância das cochonilhas, foi obtido o número de fêmeas adultas de cada espécie de cochonilha em dez plantas isoladas de formigas e dez não isoladas. Foram coletadas duas espécies de cochonilhas: Aclerda takahashii (Kuwana, 1932) e Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell, 1895). Dez espécies de formigas foram observadas interagindo com A. takahashii, e sete espécies com S. sacchari, distribuídas em seis gêneros, sendo os mais frequentes Crematogaster e Camponotus. Três espécies de formigas interagiram somente com A. takahashii, as demais interagiram com ambas espécies de cochonilha. A abundância de fêmeas de A. takahashii foi significativamente maior nas plantas não isoladas que nas isoladas (t= 2,34; p = 0,04). Não foi observada diferença significativa na abundância de S. sacchari entre plantas isoladas e não isoladas (t= 0,27; p = 0,8), e para as duas espécies em conjunto (t= 1,9; p= 0,09). As espécies de formigas que interagem com cochonilhas em cana-de-açúcar provocam o aumento da população de A. takahashii, o que em maior escala pode reduzir a produtividade. canadeaçúcar, canadeaçúcar cana açúcar, açúcar Seropédica Janeiro 7 observandose observando se Kuwana, Kuwana (Kuwana 1932 Cockerell, Cockerell (Cockerell 1895. 1895 . 1895) S gêneros Camponotus t= t (t 2,34 234 2 34 0,04. 004 0,04 0 04 0,04) 0,27 027 27 0,8, 08 0,8 , 8 0,8) 1,9 19 1 9 0,09. 009 0,09 09 0,09) produtividade 193 189 2,3 23 3 00 0,0 0,2 02 0, 1, 18 2,

Abstract A survey and characterization of entomogenous galls and their associated fauna were carried out in six remnants of Caatinga in the Northern Depressão Sertaneja, in the states of Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará. We identified 41 gall morphotypes in 24 plant species, belonging to 12 botanical families. Fabaceae had 29.2% (n = 12) of the total number of gall morphotypes found. Leaves (61%) and stems (25%) were the most attacked organs. Most morphotypes are glabrous (75.6%), while only 24.4% exhibit trichomes. Most galls were induced by insects of the Cecidomyiidae family. The associated fauna comprised successors, cecidophages, tenants, and parasitoids. Sucessors were found in four morphotypes of galls and included spiders and four orders of insects: Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera (Formicidae). The tenants were represented by Tanaostigmoides (Tanaostigmatidae). The parasitoids, found in 18 morphotypes (43.9%), were represented by six families of Hymenoptera. We recorded the occurrence of new types of galls in 12 species of host plants. These gall records are new references for the Northern Depressão Sertaneja in the studied states. Paraíba Ceará 4 2 1 292 29 29.2 n 61% 61 (61% 25% 25 (25% organs 75.6%, 756 75.6% , 75 6 (75.6%) 244 24.4 trichomes family successors cecidophages parasitoids Hemiptera Coleoptera Lepidoptera Formicidae. Formicidae . (Formicidae) Tanaostigmatidae. Tanaostigmatidae (Tanaostigmatidae) 43.9%, 439 43.9% 43 9 (43.9%) plants 29. (61 (25 75.6 7 (75.6% 24. (Formicidae (Tanaostigmatidae 43.9 (43.9% (6 (2 75. (75.6 43. (43.9 ( (75. (43. (75 (43 (7 (4

Resumo Realizou-se um levantamento e caracterização de galhas entomógenas e sua fauna associada em seis remanescentes de Caatinga presentes na Depressão Sertaneja Setentrional nos estados da Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte e Ceará. Identificamos 41 morfotipos de galhas em 24 espécies de plantas, pertencentes a 12 famílias botânicas. Fabaceae abrigou 29,2% (n = 12) do total de morfotipos de galhas encontrados. As folhas (61%) e os caules (25%) foram os órgãos mais atacados. A maioria dos morfotipos é glabra (75,6%), enquanto apenas 24,4% exibiram tricomas. As galhas, em sua maioria, foram induzidas por insetos da família Cecidomyiidae. A fauna associada compreendeu sucessores, fungívoros, inquilinos e parasitoides. Os primeiros foram encontrados em quatro morfotipos de galhas, estando representados por aranhas e quatro ordens de insetos: Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera e Hymenoptera (Formicidae). Os inquilinos foram representados por Tanaostigmoides Ashmead, 1896 (Tanaostigmatidae). Já os parasitoides, encontrados em 18 morfotipos de galhas (43,9%), foram representados por seis famílias de Hymenoptera. Registramos a ocorrência de novos tipos de galhas em 12 espécies de plantas hospedeiras. Os registros de galhas também são novas referências para a Depressão Sertaneja Setentrional nos estados estudados. Realizouse Realizou se Paraíba Ceará 4 2 1 botânicas 292 29 29,2 n 61% 61 (61% 25% 25 (25% atacados 75,6%, 756 75,6% , 75 6 (75,6%) 244 24,4 tricomas Cecidomyiidae sucessores fungívoros parasitoides Hemiptera Coleoptera Formicidae. Formicidae . (Formicidae) Ashmead 189 Tanaostigmatidae. Tanaostigmatidae (Tanaostigmatidae) 43,9%, 439 43,9% 43 9 (43,9%) hospedeiras estudados 29, (61 (25 75,6 7 (75,6% 24, (Formicidae (Tanaostigmatidae 43,9 (43,9% (6 (2 75, (75,6 43, (43,9 ( (75, (43, (75 (43 (7 (4