Resumen: Las Reservas Ecológicas, son la base primordial para la subsistencia de la biodiversidad, desempeñan funciones cruciales para el mantenimiento de los ecosistemas, especialmente, en la preservación de los servicios ecosistémicos de regulación del clima y suministro de agua. Determinar la capacidad de acumulación del COS en tres ecosistemas de la Reserva Ecológica Arenillas (REAR) y la influencia que tienen con los factores de profundidad y el tipo de suelo, fue el objetivo de la investigación. Se partió de la hipótesis que dichos factores ejercen un efecto sobre las propiedades físicas-químicas del suelo, provocando la variabilidad del carbono. Se establecieron 14 unidades de muestreo para los tres ecosistemas; 1) Intervenido, 2) Bosque deciduo y 3) Bosque arbustal deciduo, se extrajo de cada unidad dos muestras de suelo a profundidades de (0-10 y 10-30 cm), dando un total de 28 muestras. Los resultados revelaron diferencias significativas entre los tres tipos de ecosistemas, permitiendo afirmar que, en la REAR, el contenido de COS es mayor en el ecosistema de Bosque deciduo, que en los denominados Bosque arbustal deciduo y la zona Intervenida. Así mismo, los suelos del tipo Alfisol y Entisol en el Bosque deciduo presentaron la mayor capacidad de almacenamiento de COS, siendo la capa superficial la de mayor acumulación en los tres ecosistemas. Se concluyó que las bajas precipitaciones, el aumento de la temperatura y la esporádica vegetación producida por actividades antrópicas, afectan el almacenamiento de COS, limitando la prestación de servicios ecosistémicos relacionados con la captura de carbono edáfico.

Abstract: Ecological Reserves are the primary basis for the subsistence of biodiversity, they play crucial roles in the maintenance of ecosystems, especially in the preservation of ecosystem services of climate regulation and water supply. The objective of the research was to determine the accumulation capacity of COS in three ecosystems of the Arenillas Ecological Reserve (REAR) and the influence of depth factors and soil type. It was hypothesized that these factors exert an effect on the physical-chemical properties of the soil, causing carbon variability. Fourteen sampling units were established for the three ecosystems; 1) Intervened, 2) Deciduous Forest and 3) Deciduous shrub forest, two soil samples were extracted from each unit at depths of (0-10 and 10-30 cm), giving a total of 28 samples. The results revealed significant differences between the three types of ecosystems, allowing us to affirm that, in the REAR, the COS content is higher in the deciduous forest ecosystem than in the deciduous shrub forest and the Intermediate zone. Likewise, Alfisol and Entisol soils in the deciduous forest had the highest COS storage capacity, being the surface layer the one with the highest accumulation in the three ecosystems. It was concluded that low precipitation, increased temperature and sporadic vegetation produced by anthropic activities affect COS storage, limiting the provision of ecosystem services related to soil carbon sequestration.

Abstract Introduction: Amazonian forests with varying degrees of anthropogenic disturbance in the process of natural regeneration harbour many sympatric primate species. However, studies on their usage by primates are still lacking. Objective: To comprehensively study the spatial and temporal dynamics within the primate community in a regenerating forest within the Manu Biosphere Reserve. Methods: Two sets of historical data from Crees Foundation for Manu were analyzed, comprising records from January 2011 to February 2023 and corresponding to data obtained through incidental data and Terrestrial In-line Transects in three types of forest with different degrees of historical disturbance. Results: Lagothrix lagothricha and Ateles chamek showed a preference for less disturbed forests; Plecturocebus toppini, for more disturbed forests; and the other species did not show a clear preference. Regarding vertical stratification, A. chamek, L. lagothricha and Alouatta sara showed a preference for the upper stratum, P. toppini, Saimiri boliviensis and Sapajus macrocephalus showed a preference for the middle and upper strata and Leontocebus weddelli and Aotus nigriceps, for the middle stratum. According to the temporal activity of each species, seven species (A. chamek, S. macrocephalus, S. boliviensis, P. toppini, L. lagothricha, L. weddelli, and A. sara) were observed during the day, four were similar. Conclusions: The primate community varies according to disturbance gradient due to the preferences of some species. The recorded primates make a differentiated use of the vertical strata and most of them show diurnal activity.

Resumen Introducción: Los bosques amazónicos con diferentes grados de perturbación antrópica en proceso de regeneración natural albergan gran cantidad de especies de primates en simpatría. Sin embargo, aún es carente el estudio de su uso por primates. Objetivos: Estudiar la dinámica espacial y temporal dentro de la comunidad de primates en un bosque en regeneración en la Reserva de Biosfera del Manu. Métodos: Se analizaron dos sets de datos históricos de Crees Foundation for Manu que comprenden registros desde enero 2011 hasta febrero 2023 y corresponden a datos incidentales y transectos lineales terrestres en tres tipos de bosque con diferente grado de perturbación histórica. Resultados: Lagothrix lagothricha y Ateles chamek mostraron preferencia por bosques menos perturbados; Plecturocebus toppini, por bosques más perturbados; y las demás especies no mostraron una preferencia clara. En cuanto a la estratificación vertical, A. chamek, L. lagothricha y Alouatta sara mostraron preferencia por el estrato alto; P. toppini, Saimiri boliviensis y Sapajus macrocephalus mostraron preferencia por los estratos medio y alto, y Leontocebus weddelli y Aotus nigriceps, por el estrato medio. De acuerdo con la frecuencia horaria de cada especie se observó que siete especies (A. chamek, S. macrocephalus, S. boliviensis, P. toppini, L. lagothricha, Leontocebus weddelli y A. sara) fueron observadas durante el día, cuatro fueron similares. Conclusiones: En el estudio, la comunidad de primates cambió en el gradiente de perturbación debido a las preferencias de algunas especies. Los primates registrados hacen un uso diferenciado de los estratos verticales y la mayoría de ellos mostraron períodos de actividad diurnos.

Abstract Introduction: Urban development and expansion have led to the loss and transformation of Andean ecosystems. However, remnant forests that maintain biodiversity still exist around Colombia’s major cities, but these forests are threatened by the road infrastructure. Road ecology in the Neotropics has been focused specifically in documenting the effects of roadkill from a taxonomic point of view, mainly in rural areas. Objective: To evaluate ecologically and spatially, the collision of fauna on roads located in areas of urban expansion in the Northern Colombian Andes. Methods: We assessed vertebrate mortality rate and identified the critical areas of roadkill by taxonomic and functional groups. This was achieved through spatial ecology analysis, specifically Kernel density analysis and hotspot spatial statistical analysis. Additionally, we identified landscape features associated with road mortality and assessed the role of roads as resistance and permeability factors. Results: A total of 279 roadkilled animals belonging to 64 species were found, accounting for 28 % of the 273 vertebrate species recorded in the reserve near the studied roads. The average mortality rate for vertebrates was estimated from 42 to 170 individuals annually. Differential patterns were detected in roadkill density across taxonomic and functional groups, where nocturnal species and the trophic guilds are the most vulnerable. Likewise, it was found that the sections of the roads close to the forest have a greater roadkill species richness with greater ecological requirements. These sections constitute an important resistance to species movement in the area. Conclusions: Road mortality in the study area exhibits heterogeneous spatial patterns not only at a taxonomic but also at a functional level, suggesting the deterioration of protected ecosystems in adjacent peri-urban areas.

Resumen Introducción: El desarrollo y expansión urbana han generado la pérdida y transformación de los ecosistemas andinos. Sin embargo, alrededor de las grandes ciudades colombianas aún se encuentran relictos boscosos que mantienen gran riqueza de biodiversidad, la cual es amenazada por la infraestructura vial. El énfasis de los trabajos de Ecología de Carreteras en el Neotrópico ha estado centrado en el efecto del atropellamiento de fauna desde el punto de vista taxonómico. Objetivo: Evaluar, ecológica y espacialmente, el atropellamiento de la fauna en carreteras ubicadas en zonas de interés para la expansión urbana del norte de los Andes colombianos. Métodos: Se evaluaron la tasa de mortalidad de vertebrados, las zonas críticas de atropellamientos por grupo taxonómico y grupos funcionales. Esto se realizó por medio de análisis de ecología espacial, específicamente análisis de densidad de Kernel y análisis de estadística espacial de puntos calientes. Adicionalmente, se identificó las características del paisaje asociadas al atropellamiento y se evaluó el papel de las vías como factor de resistencia y permeabilidad. Resultados: Se encontraron 279 animales atropellados de 64 especies que representan el 28 % de las 273 especies vertebradas presentes en las áreas protegidas en inmediaciones de las carreteras estudiadas. Se estimó una tasa promedio entre 42 y 170 individuos atropellados por año. Se detectaron patrones diferenciales en la densidad de atropellamiento por grupos taxonómicos y funcionales, donde las especies nocturnas y el tipo de gremio trófico son los más vulnerables. Asimismo, se encontró que los tramos de las vías en cercanía a coberturas boscosas presentan mayor riqueza de especies atropelladas y con mayores requerimientos ecológicos. Estos tramos representan una resistencia importante al movimiento de las especies de la zona. Conclusiones: El atropellamiento presenta patrones espaciales heterogéneos, no solo a nivel taxonómico, sino también a nivel funcional, lo cual representa un deterioro para los ecosistemas protegidos en zonas periurbanas.

Abstract Introduction Reforestation and restoration of forest ecosystems are increasingly difficult with climate change. Objective Define seed transfer zones for reforestation in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve and the ‘Sembrando Vida’ program in the Meseta Purépecha to mitigate climate change. Materials and methods Maps were generated to visualize where the ideal climate conditions for reforestation are projected to occur (RCP 4.5 scenario, 2050) at different sites using seedlings collected in delimited areas under a reference climate (1961-1990). A climate zone system was used (based on the temperature of the coldest month and an aridity index) and layers of suitable climatic habitat for Pinus pseudostrobus and Abies religiosa for the reference (1961-1990) and projected (2060 decade) period. Results and discussion The areas to be reforested will be warmer in the future, requiring seed from sites, on average, 3 °C warmer. A reduction of approximately 50 % of the area of climatically favorable habitat for P. pseudostrobus and A. religiosa was estimated. This reduction occurs at the lower altitudinal limit called the 'xeric limit’; therefore, it will be necessary to replace them with species adapted to warmer sites. Conclusions Moving seed sources from warmer (+3 °C) and drier sites to currently wetter and cooler planting sites is recommended. This provides a useful tool for deciding the seed source under adaptive forest management facing climate change.

Resumen Introducción La reforestación y restauración de los ecosistemas forestales son cada vez más difíciles en el contexto del cambio climático. Objetivos Definir zonas de transferencia de semillas para reforestación en la Reserva de la Biosfera Mariposa Monarca y el programa ‘Sembrando Vida’ en la Meseta Purépecha, para compensar el cambio climático. Materiales y métodos Se generaron mapas para visualizar dónde se predicen las condiciones climáticas idóneas para la reforestación con plántulas de semilla colectada en zonas delimitadas bajo un clima de referencia (1961-1990) que se proyecta ocurrirá (escenario RCP 4.5, 2050) en sitios distintos. Se utilizó una zonificación climática (basada en la temperatura del mes más frío e índice de aridez) y capas de hábitat climático propicio para Pinus pseudostrobus y Abies religiosa del periodo de referencia (1961-1990) y proyectado (década 2060). Resultados y discusión Las áreas por reforestar serán más cálidas en el futuro, por lo que se requiere semilla de sitios, en promedio, 3 °C más cálidos. Se estimó una reducción de aproximadamente 50 % de la superficie del hábitat climático propicio de P. pseudostrobus y A. religiosa. Tal reducción ocurre en el límite inferior altitudinal denominado ‘límite xérico’, por lo que será necesario el reemplazo de estas por especies adaptadas a sitios más cálidos. Conclusiones Se recomienda el traslado de las fuentes de semillas de lugares más cálidos (+3 °C) y secos a sitios de plantación actualmente más húmedos y fríos. Este enfoque proporciona una herramienta útil para decidir la fuente de semilla bajo un manejo forestal adaptativo ante el cambio climático.

Abstract: Background: Through field work in the municipality of Altotonga, Veracruz, populations of a species of the genus Matelea with a small flower were located. This entity did not match with the species reported for Mexico, but it is morphologically similar to M. anomala, which is endemic to Bolivia. Questions: Do the Altotonga Matelea populations correspond to a new species for science or it is a disjunct distribution of M. anomala? Studied species: Matelea sp. nov. Study site and dates: Pancho Poza River Reserve, Altotonga, Veracruz, Mexico. Methods: A morphological comparison was made with Mexican species of Matelea and with M. anomala, using the cohesive species concept. Results: Matelea lilliputiana is described as a new species to science, endemic to the municipality of Altotonga, Veracruz. It differs from M. anomala in having a 5-lobed gynostegial crown with bifurcate apices (vs. crown not clearly lobed and fimbriate margins in M. anomala), angular stipe (vs. cylindrical) and a densely pubescent-hirsute calyx (vs. glabrescent). Additionally, M. lilliputiana is endemic to Mexico and grows in pine-oak forest with mesophyll elements, while M. anomala is endemic to Bolivia and grows in seasonally dry scrub. Conclusions: With the present discovery, the state of Veracruz reaches 126 species of Apocynaceae, with five endemics. Worldwide, it is the second species of the genus with corollas less than 5 mm long and the first in Mexico.

Resumen: Antecedentes: En el trabajo de campo realizado en el municipio de Altotonga, Veracruz, se localizaron poblaciones de una especie del género Matelea con flor sobresalientemente pequeña, que no coincidía con las especies reportadas para México, sino que es morfológicamente similar a M. anomala, especie endémica de Bolivia. Preguntas: ¿las poblaciones de la Matelea de Altotonga corresponden a una especie nueva para la ciencia o a una distribución disjunta de M. anomala? Especies de estudio: Matelea sp. nov. Sitio y años de estudio: Reserva del Río Pancho Poza, Altotonga, Veracruz, México. Métodos: Se realizó comparación morfológica con las especies mexicanas de Matelea y con M. anomala, empleando el concepto cohesivo de especie. Resultados: Se describe a Matelea lilliputiana como especie nueva para la ciencia, endémica del municipio de Altotonga, Veracruz. Se diferencia de M. anomala por presentar una corona ginostegial 5-lobada con ápices bifurcados (vs. corona no claramente lobada y márgenes fimbriados en M. anomala), estípite anguloso (vs. cilíndrico) y cáliz densamente pubescente-hirsuto (vs. glabrescente). Adicionalmente, M. lilliputiana es endémica de México y crece en bosque de pino-encino con elementos de mesófilo, mientras que M. anomala es endémica de Bolivia y crece en matorral estacionalmente seco. Conclusiones: Con el presente descubrimiento, el estado de Veracruz alcanza 126 especies de Apocynaceae, con cinco endémicas. A nivel mundial, es la segunda especie del género en presentar corolas menores a 5 mm de largo y la primera para México.

Summary Background and aims: Bryological inventories in Cuban protected areas support the updating of management plans by inventorying species, detecting threats and designing actions for their conservation. The aim of this research is to characterize the bryoflora present in the Managed Floristic Reserves La Caoba and Charrascales de Mícara, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. M&M: In the collection of the specimens, suitable habitats for the establishment of the bryophytes were explored following the method of Floristic Habitat Sampling. Specialised literature and databases were consulted in the determination of taxa. All collected material was deposited in the Bryophyta collection of the BSC herbarium. Results: For the Managed Floristic Reserves La Caoba and Charrascales de Mícara 49 infrageneric taxa of hornworts, liverworts and mosses were recorded. The La Caoba reserve was the most diverse (73.5% of the total) and mosses the best represented division (55.1%). The epiphytic substrate is the most diverse and the mesophyll semi-deciduous forest the best represented plant formation (83.3%). All threatened taxa were recorded in the La Caoba Managed Floristic Reserve. Conclusions: In the Managed Floristic Reserves La Caoba and Charrascales de Mícara the bryoflora is characterised by the presence of taxa with a wide ecological plasticity and geographical distribution. The conditions present in the Charrascales de Mícara reserve limit the development of bryophytes. The bryological diversity in La Caoba is threatened by habitat fragmentation due to landscape alterations.

Resumen Introducción y Objetivos: Los inventarios briológicos en los espacios protegidos cubanos apoyan la actualización de los planes de manejos al inventariar las especies, detectar sus amenazas y diseñar acciones para su conservación. El objetivo de esta investigación es caracterizar la brioflora presente en las Reservas Florísticas Manejadas La Caoba y Charrascales de Mícara, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. M&M: En la recolecta de los especímenes se exploraron los hábitats adecuados para la instalación de los briófitos siguiendo el método del Muestro Florístico del Hábitat. En la determinación de los taxones se consultó la bibliografía especializada y las bases de datos. Todo el material colectado fue depositado en la colección Bryophyta del herbario BSC. Resultados: Se registraron para las Reservas Florísticas Manejadas La Caoba y Charrascales de Mícara 49 taxones infragenéricos de antocerotas, hepáticas y musgos. La reserva La Caoba fue la más diversa (73,5% del total) y los musgos la división mejor representada (55,1%). El sustrato epífito es el más diverso y el Bosque semideciduo mesófilo la formación vegetal mejor representada (83,3%). La totalidad de los taxones amenazados se registraron en la Reserva Florística Manejada La Caoba. Conclusiones: En las Reservas Florísticas Manejadas La Caoba y Charrascales de Mícara la brioflora se caracteriza por la presencia de taxones de amplia plasticidad ecológica y distribución geográfica. Las condiciones presentes en la reserva Charrascales de Mícara limitan el desarrollo de los briófitos. La diversidad briológica en La Caoba está amenazada por la fragmentación del hábitat debido a las alteraciones del paisaje.

Abstract (Introduction): In Latin America, the sensitive tropical biodiversity found outside of protected wilderness areas is under threat. In Costa Rica, the payment for environmental services (PSA) represents a mechanism to protect forests on private farms, but it lacks specific indicators on the state of biodiversity and forest conservation. (Objective): To analyze the use of acoustic monitoring for ecosystem assessment at 11 sites in the Osa Peninsula, nine on private farms, and two sites within Corcovado National Park. (Methods): Soundscapes were recorded from May 25 to June 1, 2021, using acoustic recorders. It was analyzed the behavior of six acoustic indices at each sampling site and applied an automated detection analysis of vocalizations of two representative bird species of the area. (Results): It was found that the most fragmented sites presented higher activity, energy, and acoustic diversity, possibly due to edge effects and ecotones present, as well as a high forest component in the surrounding matrix. Automated vocalization detection indicated that the species Hylopezus perspicillatus turned out to be more sensitive to differences in the landscape than Trogon bairdii. (Conclusions): The use of acoustic indices, although it associates features of the degree of conservation, was not a differentiating element of the quality of the ecosystem in the evaluated farms. The monitoring of species through the detection of their vocalizations was promising. A careful and rigorous sampling design, with more sampling points per site, is recommended to achieve accurate measurements and avoid bias in the analysis.

Resumen (Introducción): En Latinoamérica, la sensible biodiversidad tropical que se encuentra fuera de las áreas silvestres protegidas está bajo amenaza. En Costa Rica, el pago por servicios ambientales (PSA) representa un mecanismo para proteger bosques en fincas privadas, pero carece de indicadores específicos sobre el estado de la biodiversidad y de conservación de los bosques. (Objetivo): Analizar el uso del monitoreo acústico para la evaluación de ecosistemas en 11 sitios en la Península de Osa: 9 en fincas privadas y 2 sitios dentro del Parque Nacional Corcovado. (Metodología): Se grabaron paisajes sonoros del 25 de mayo al 01 de junio del 2021, utilizando grabadoras acústicas. Se estudia el comportamiento de 6 índices acústicos en cada sitio de muestreo y se aplicó un análisis de detección automatizada de vocalizaciones de 2 especies de aves representativas de la zona. (Resultados): Se encuentra que los sitios más fragmentados presentaron mayor actividad, energía y diversidad acústica, posiblemente por efectos de borde y ecotonos presentes, así como un alto componente de bosque en la matriz circundante. La detección automatizada de vocalizaciones indicó que la especie Hylopezus perspicillatus resultó ser más sensible a las diferencias en el paisaje que Trogon bairdii. (Conclusiones): El uso de índices acústicos, aunque asocia rasgos del grado de conservación del bosque, no resultó un elemento diferenciador de la calidad del ecosistema en las fincas evaluadas, pero el monitoreo de especies mediante la detección de sus vocalizaciones sí resultó promisorio. Es recomendable un diseño de muestreo metódico y riguroso, con más puntos de muestreo por sitio, para lograr mediciones precisas y evitar sesgos en el análisis.

Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. (braúna) is a tree species of the Anacardiaceae family. It is native to Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia. It is a candidate for agro-industrial system that can be used to produce phytotherapeutics and bioproducts. However, to comprehensively understand the characteristics of plant within the framework of sustainable development for agro-industries, exploring the chemical and phenotypic diversity of samples from various microenvironments across different collection periods is essential. Accordingly, herein, the influence of different environmental factors and sample collection durations on braúna samples was investigated over several years using multivariate statistical analyses associated with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Bark samples from different areas and environmental data from different locations were analyzed. Distinct chemical profiles were observed across reserve, forest, and management areas, all marked by elevated sugar levels suggesting water stress adaptation. High radiation and low rainfall correlated with increased sugar and amino acids. Each microenvironment responded uniquely to these environmental conditions. Consequently, plant samples from different microenvironments collected over different periods were observed to respond differently to environmental factors, such as solar radiation and temperature. We correlated the metabolomic data with climatic data evaluating the influence of abiotic factors on the production of metabolites in braúna bark samples. Engl (braúna family Brazil Paraguay Bolivia agroindustrial agro industrial bioproducts However agroindustries, agroindustries industries, industries agro-industries essential Accordingly herein NMR (NMR spectroscopy analyzed reserve forest adaptation acids conditions Consequently temperature

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of native species used in ecological restoration in Brazil (Peltophorum dubium - canafístula, Hymenaea courbaril - jatobá, Jacaranda cuspidifolia - jacarandá, and Enterolobium contortisiliquum - timboril) as raw material for the supply of sawmills. Due to the difficulties in sampling trees of native species, four trees per species were collected, at age of 12 years, in a legal reserve area. The sampled trees were evaluated as being quite characteristic of trees of the same genetic material. The trees’ diameter was measured, the percentage of bark and the taper were measured, and the lumber yield of each species was calculated. The boards were air-dried. Based on the DBH, timboril had the greatest potential for biomass production, but its wood quality was unsatisfactory. To supply raw material for sawmills, in addition to jatobá, we suggest investing in plantations of canafístula and jacarandá. Peltophorum jatobá jacarandá sawmills collected 1 years area measured calculated airdried. airdried air dried. dried air-dried DBH production unsatisfactory

RESUMO Trilhas ecológicas são propostas para auxiliar na Educação Ambiental, sobretudo em Unidades de Conservação, promovendo uma educação dinâmica e interação entre os visitantes e a natureza. A Floresta Nacional de Açu é uma Unidade de Conservação na Caatinga, localizada no município de Açu, Rio Grande do Norte. Aqui objetivamos desenvolver uma trilha de Educação Ambiental para visitantes, coletores de sementes, parataxonomistas e pesquisadores. Os indivíduos arbóreos foram marcados com placas de alumínio numeradas, identificadas e georreferenciadas. Foram identificadas 13 espécies de Leguminosae e marcados 34 indivíduos, além de 58 indivíduos pertencentes a 13 famílias distintas. Foram definidas três trilhas: (1) Trilha das Leguminosas; (2) Trilha da Catingueira-cinzenta e (3) trilha de imersão na Caatinga. Essas trilhas foram testadas pelos autores e visitantes nos dias 23-24 julho de 2022. Concluímos que as trilhas se tornam uma importante ferramenta para proporcionar a proteção destes ambientes e uma maior percepção das espécies locais. natureza Caatinga Norte sementes pesquisadores numeradas georreferenciadas 1 3 5 distintas (1 Leguminosas 2 (2 Catingueiracinzenta Catingueira cinzenta (3 2324 23 24 23-2 2022 locais ( 232 23- 202 20

ABSTRACT Ecological trails are proposed to assist in environmental education programs, especially in reserves promoting a dynamic education and interaction with nature. The Floresta Nacional de Açu is a reserve of Caatinga dry forest, located in Açu, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Here we aimed to develop an environmental education trail for visitors, seed collectors, parataxonomists and researchers. Adult tree individuals were marked with numbered aluminum tags, identified and georeferenced. Thirteen species of the Leguminosae were identified and 34 individuals were tagged, in addition to 58 individuals belonging to 13 different families. Three trails were defined: (1) Trail of Legumes; (2) Catingueira-cinzenta Trail; and (3) immersion trail in the Caatinga. These trails were tested by the authors and visitors between july 23-24, 2022. We conclude that the trails become an important tool to provide the protection of these environments and to increase perception of the local species. programs nature forest Norte Brazil collectors researchers tags georeferenced 3 tagged 5 1 families defined (1 Legumes 2 (2 Catingueiracinzenta Catingueira cinzenta (3 2324, 2324 23 24, 24 23-24 2022 ( 232 23-2 202 23- 20

Abstract Threats must be eliminated from the tropical mountain forest habitat of Dolok Sipirok Natural Reserve, which is home to the Tapanuli Orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis). The threat arises from human-orangutan conflict resulting from the occupation of agricultural land and the opening of accessibility. The aim of this research is to identify areas and patterns of conflict between orangutans and humans in the vicinity of the Dolok Sipirok Nature Reserve. Data was gathered through community interviews and direct observation of the Tapanuli orangutan. The magnitude of community losses was determined by analyzing economic losses and crop destruction. The majority of conflicts were discovered in community fields that were about to be harvested. The main attraction for orangutans is fruit plants in those areas. These fruit trees are located in a roaming area and animal corridor. A buffer zone must be managed effectively to provide for the orangutan’s sustenance and nesting requirements. Reserve Pongo tapanuliensis. tapanuliensis . tapanuliensis) humanorangutan human orangutan accessibility destruction harvested corridor s requirements

RESUMO A floresta amazônica desempenha um papel crucial no sistema climático global, atuando como um importante sumidouro de carbono e influenciando os padrões climáticos regionais e globais. Compreender a composição química da água da chuva é essencial para avaliar o impacto das atividades antrópicas, como o desmatamento e emissões industriais, na química atmosférica e hidrologia. Este trabalho objetivou caracterizar a composição química da água da chuva em uma reserva biológica composta por floresta primária na Amazônia central brasileira, distante 60 km de um grande centro urbano. Amostras de água de chuva foram coletadas de março 2008 a março 2010 e analisadas por cromatografia iônica, ICP-MS e TOC-V. Este é o único e mais longo monitoramento pluviométrico realizado nessa reserva. Os resultados mostraram que a água da chuva é rica em carbono orgânico (COT), representando 77% do carbono total. Os íons mais abundantes foram NH4 + e Cl-. Poucos elementos foram detectados, com destaque para Al e Fe. Na estação seca, a maioria das espécies foi enriquecida. A menor quantidade de precipitação, a queima de biomassa e a menor capacidade de remoção de poluentes da atmosfera são os principais motivos desta diferença sazonal. Apenas 7% apresentaram características de chuva ácida (pH < 4,5), com acidez dominada pelo NO3 -. Uma fatoração de matriz positiva indicou contribuição de fontes: crustal (48%), aerossol secundário (26%), biogênico (22%) e emissões industriais (4%). Embora a floresta possua características primárias, a proximidade com o centro urbano indica alguma influência antrópica na composição química das águas de chuva. global globais antrópicas hidrologia brasileira 6 200 201 iônica ICPMS ICP MS TOCV. TOCV TOC V. V TOC-V COT, COT , (COT) 77 total NH Cl. Cl . Cl- detectados Fe seca enriquecida precipitação sazonal 7 pH 4,5, 45 4,5 4 5 4,5) NO - fontes 48%, 48 48% (48%) 26%, 26 26% (26%) 22% 22 (22% 4%. 4% (4%) primárias 20 (COT 4, (48% 2 (26% (22 (4% (48 (26 (2 (4 (

ABSTRACT The Amazon rainforest plays a crucial role in the global climate system, acting as a major carbon sink and influencing regional and global weather patterns. Understanding the chemical composition of rainwater is essential for assessing the impact of anthropogenic activities, such as deforestation and industrial emissions, on atmospheric chemistry and hydrology. This work aimed to characterize the chemical composition of rainwater in a biological reserve of primary forest in the central Brazilian Amazon at 60 km of a large urban center. Rainwater samples were collected from March 2008 to March 2010 and were analyzed by ion chromatography, ICP-MS, and TOC-V. This is the only and longest rainfall monitoring carried out in this reserve. The results showed that the rainwater is rich in organic carbon (TOC), representing 77% of total carbon. The most abundant ions were NH4 + and Cl-. Few elements were detected, with emphasis on Al and Fe. In the dry season, most species were enriched. The lower amount of precipitation, biomass burning and the lower capacity to remove pollutants from the atmosphere are the main reasons for this seasonal difference. Only 7% had characteristics of acid rain (pH < 4.5), with acidity dominated by NO3 -. A positive matrix factorization indicated contribution of sources: crustal (48%), secondary aerosol (26%), biogenic (22%), and industrial emissions (4%). Although the forest has primary characteristics, the proximity to the urban center indicates some anthropogenic influence on the chemical composition of rainwater. system patterns activities hydrology 6 200 201 chromatography ICPMS, ICPMS ICP MS, MS ICP-MS TOCV. TOCV TOC V. V TOC-V TOC, , (TOC) 77 NH Cl. Cl . Cl- detected Fe season enriched precipitation difference 7 pH 4.5, 45 4.5 4 5 4.5) NO - sources 48%, 48 48% (48%) 26%, 26 26% (26%) 22%, 22 22% (22%) 4%. 4% (4%) 20 (TOC 4. (48% 2 (26% (22% (4% (48 (26 (22 (4 (2 (

Resumo Uma espécie nova de Cambeva com ocorrência em tributários dos rios Piquiri e Ivaí, bacia do alto rio Paraná, Brasil, é descrita utilizando a combinação de dados morfológicos e moleculares. A espécie nova pode ser diferenciada de suas congêneres pela presença de um entalhe na porção posterior do metapterigóide, número de raios branquiostegais, odontódeos operculares e interoperculares, e de costelas. Além disso, os resultados corroboraram a existência de uma única espécie com ampla variação intraespecífica no padrão de coloração corporal. A localidade-tipo está situada na área de influência da Reserva Biológica das Perobas, uma Unidade de Conservação no estado do Paraná, composta por duas fisionomias vegetais da Mata Atlântica. Considerando que a bacia do alto rio Paraná é uma área de influência antrópica, é fundamental descrever e preservar suas espécies para conhecer sua ictiofauna. Ivaí Brasil moleculares metapterigóide branquiostegais interoperculares costelas disso corporal localidadetipo localidade tipo Perobas Atlântica antrópica ictiofauna

Abstract A new species of Cambeva occurring in the rio Piquiri and Ivaí, upper rio Paraná basin, Brazil, is described using the combination of morphological and molecular data. The new species is distinguished from most congeners by the presence of a notch in the posterior portion of the metapterygoid, number of branchiostegal rays, opercular and interopercular odontodes, and ribs. In addition, the results corroborated the existence of a single species with wide intraspecific variation in body coloration. The type-locality is within the area of influence of the Perobas Biological Reserve, a Conservation Unit in the Paraná State, composed of two Atlantic Forest physiognomic forms. Considering that the upper rio Paraná basin is an area of significant anthropic influence, it is crucial to describe and preserve species to understand their ichthyofauna. Ivaí Brazil data metapterygoid rays odontodes ribs addition coloration typelocality type locality Reserve State forms ichthyofauna

Abstract The signs of the environmental crisis are becoming more pronounced and multiple actions seek to protect ecosystems. These actions come into tension with other forms of valuing the territory. The objective of this paper is to analyze the conflicting values that emerge in the representations and strategies of organizations and institutions in relation to the San Martín Urban Nature Reserve in the city of Córdoba. We use a qualitative methodology with the combination of three techniques: analysis of secondary sources, analysis of actors, and in-depth interviews. We suggest that resilience strategies to climate change can be understood as a form of urban value production based on native forest care and its ecosystem services.

Resumen Los signos de crisis ambiental son cada vez más pronunciados y existen múltiples acciones llevadas adelante que buscan la protección de los ecosistemas. Estas acciones entran en tensión con otras formas de valoración del territorio. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los valores en conflicto presentes en las representaciones y estrategias de organizaciones e instituciones en relación con la Reserva Natural Urbana San Martín de la ciudad de Córdoba. Utilizamos una metodología cualitativa con la combinación de tres técnicas: análisis de fuentes secundarias, análisis de actores y entrevistas en profundidad. Planteamos que las estrategias de resiliencia frente al cambio climático pueden entenderse como una forma de producción de valor urbano, en este caso con base en la defensa de la preservación y cuidado del bosque nativo y sus servicios ecosistémicos.

Resumo Os sinais da crise ambiental são cada vez mais acentuados e múltiplas ações buscam proteger os ecossistemas. Essas ações entram em tensão com outras formas de valorização do território. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os valores conflitantes que emergem nas representações e estratégias de organizações e instituições em relação à Reserva Natural Urbana San Martín na cidade de Córdoba. Utilizamos uma metodologia qualitativa com a combinação de três técnicas: análise de fontes secundárias, análise de atores e entrevistas em profundidade. Sugerimos que as estratégias de resiliência às mudanças climáticas podem ser entendidas como uma forma de produção de valor urbano a partir do cuidado da floresta nativa e de seus serviços ecossistêmicos.

Abstract The lowland Atlantic Forest, at altitudes of below 500 m, is highly fragmented, and is home to many threatened species of birds. The Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro has a high concentration of threatened birds in the Americas and is an important residual of the dense ombrophilous formations of the Atlantic Forest, which includes the Reserva Biológica União, a high priority area for conservation of Atlantic Forest birds. This study compiled empirical and secondary records of threatened birds in this reserve and discusses potential factors determining their local occurrence. Since 2008, regular observations, including transect surveys and mist-netting, in addiction to secondary data, have provided records of 306 bird species, of which 49 appear on red lists at some level (state, national or global), including 34 listed as endangered, of which 13 are listed globally, eight of them dependent on well-conserved lowland rainforest. Future studies should include new areas of the reserve, with the aim of confirming the presence of additional threatened species. The long-term conservation of this fauna will depend not only on the adequate management of the reserve, but also the reestablishment of its connectivity with adjacent forest fragments and upland areas in the state. 50 m fragmented União occurrence 2008 observations mistnetting, mistnetting mist netting, netting mist-netting data 30 4 state, (state global, global , global) 3 endangered 1 globally wellconserved well conserved rainforest longterm long term 5 200 20 2