ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the deposition rates (Td) of mineral aeolian sediments in a forest patch in the semiarid Pampas agroecosystem and to analyze the seasonal variability of such deposition. The average Td was 520.15 kg ha-1 year-1 with high interannual variability. In spring-summer, Td was higher than in autumn-winter. Air temperature and average maximum wind speed influenced Td more significantly. However, the soil cover and management of the agricultural fields surrounding the forest would determine the production of sediment from wind erosion and consequent deposition within the forest. These results show the importance of maintaining forest patches within the agricultural matrix in the semi-arid environment, since they retain eolian sediments that would eventually be deposited on the forest soil, minimizing the negative impacts of wind erosion processes on these ecosystems.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las tasas de sedimentación (Td) de sedimentos eólicos minerales en un parche de bosque del agroecosistema del semiárido pampeano y analizar la variabilidad estacional de dicha sedimentación. La Td media fue 520,15 kg ha-1 año-1 con alta variabilidad interanual. En primavera-verano, Td fue superior que en otoño-invierno. La temperatura del aire y velocidad media máxima del viento influenciaron de forma más significativa a Td. Sin embargo, la cobertura del suelo y el manejo de los campos agrícolas que rodean al bosque determinarían la producción de sedimentos a partir de la erosión eólica y consecuente sedimentación dentro del bosque. Estos resultados muestran la importancia de mantener los parches de bosques dentro de la matriz agrícola en el semiárido, los cuales retienen sedimentos eólicos que finalmente se depositarían en el suelo forestal, minimizando los impactos negativos que los procesos de erosión eólica tienen en estos ecosistemas.

Abstract Synthesising knowledge on carbon stocks is an essential tool for understanding the potential of forests to store carbon and its drivers. However, such a synthesis needs to be constructed for the Atlantic Forest due to various methodological approaches and biogeographic heterogeneity. Thus, here we conducted a bibliographic search (2000 to 2021) on carbon stocks in the biomass and necromass of Atlantic Forest ecosystems to understand the variation in stocks and their explanatory variables. Drivers included spatial (altitude, forest size) and climatic (precipitation and temperature) variables, and successional stages. Based on the information in 46 articles, biomass exhibited the highest carbon stock (96%), in Mature Forests (MF), with an average of 125.34±40.3 MgC.ha-1, whereas Secondary Forests (SF) stored 82.7±38.2 MgC.ha-1. The carbon in the necromass varied from 1.63 to 11.47 MgC.ha-1, with SF exhibiting 3.90±2.73 MgC.ha-1 and MF 4.31±2.82 MgC.ha-1. Only average annual precipitation and successional stage positively explained the carbon in Atlantic Forest. This research clarifies the function and potential of Atlantic Forest fragments for storing carbon and reinforces need for conserving mature forest patches throughout the biome since one hectare of mature forest can store almost twice as much carbon as one hectare of secondary young patches. drivers However heterogeneity Thus 2000 (200 2021 variables altitude, altitude (altitude size temperature stages 4 articles 96%, 96 96% , (96%) MF, (MF) 12534403 125 34 40 3 125.34±40. MgC.ha1, MgCha1 MgCha MgC.ha 1, MgC ha 1 (SF 827382 82 7 38 2 82.7±38. MgC.ha1. 1. 163 63 1.6 1147 11 47 11.4 390273 90 73 3.90±2.7 MgC.ha1 MgC.ha- 431282 31 4.31±2.8 200 (20 202 9 (96% (MF 1253440 12 125.34±40 ha1 82738 8 82.7±38 16 6 114 11. 39027 3.90±2. 43128 4.31±2. 20 (2 (96 125344 125.34±4 8273 82.7±3 3902 3.90±2 4312 4.31±2 ( (9 12534 125.34± 827 82.7± 390 3.90± 431 4.31± 1253 125.34 82.7 39 3.90 43 4.31 125.3 82. 3.9 4.3 125. 3. 4.

Abstract We evaluated the bird composition, forest dependence, trophic guilds and avian representativeness associated with 7, 10 and 15 years old reforestations and mature forest patches in order to verify the successional process and avian contribution to the forest restoration. Analyses revealed a segregation of bird composition with a gradual increasing in forest dependent species from 7 years to mature forest. Detrended Correspondence Analysis ranged from those birds often present in semi-open habitats to forest birds, canopy frugivorous and understory insectivorous as the successional stages progressed from the most recent reforestation to the most mature. Although 7 and 10 years of reforestation had the largest composition range, the more generalist, granivorous and forest independent birds, three years were enough to have different bird diversity between them. Avifauna of 15 years patches resembled most closely that of mature forest but still lacked 18 species. In this way, we addressed: 1) planting of herbaceous/shrub and freshy-fruited species in reforestations and; 2) establish riparian forest corridors along the Paraná river to connect these reforestation patches with mature forest. These measures will allow higher avian beta-diversity to maximize the diaspores dispersed by birds to expand and accelerate the rehabilitation of this threatened for forest. dependence 1 restoration semiopen semi open range generalist them way addressed herbaceousshrub herbaceous shrub freshyfruited freshy fruited 2 betadiversity beta

Abstract The Sierra de Guadalupe is the last forest redoubt north of Mexico City. In order to restore its vegetation cover, or at least manage it, it is necessary to understand its development. It is a system with unity through which energy transits in different forms depending on the vegetation, which is the most evident result of lithological, edaphological, climatic, geographical and historical conditions with different types of human intervention. The behaviour of vegetation cover in the Sierra de Guadalupe in recent decades is described by comparing the area and perimeter of the mosaics. Four landscape indices were also applied: a matrix-patch-corridor approach (Puyravaud, 2003), which expresses the change in vegetation cover based on the equation of compound interest (Mikels, 2003), the detection of fragmentation by the proximity between the centres of the mosaics of each vegetation type; the relationship of the dissection of a landscape, based on the similarity of the mosaics, with circles of the same area (Bowen and Burgess, 1981), expressed by the possibility of an organism encountering another of its species at random sites in the landscape (Jaeger, 2000). The Markov transition matrix analysis shows the ecological succession of some mosaics and also the change from forest to urban land use in most of the Sierra. Moran’s autocorrelation index allows us to assess how clustered the patches are, or, in other words, how constant the energy flow across the landscape is. To determine the mosaics, 1994 and 2019 images of the Sierra de Guadalupe were compared and the perimeter of each mosaic was drawn freehand. Field visits were made to the study area to relate the texture and position of each mosaic. The Sierra de Guadalupe was defined as a set of microwatersheds with an extension of 16 813 ha. In 1994, 8698 ha were urbanised, by 2019 concrete had covered a further 1741 ha. 540 ha of forest and plantations have been established, in addition to the 1670 ha that already existed. The oak forest has spread along the ravines over 74 ha. The most important plant community in terms of extent in 1994 was xerophytic scrub, when it represented 16.8% of the Sierra. In 2019, xerophytic scrub with grassland had an extension of 12.7% of the total. Closed or open oak woodland, the most conserved and mature growing ecosystem, covered 334 ha in 1994 and by 2019 it reached 410 ha. As for artificial forest stands, eucalyptus plantations have been the most widespread, accounting for 3.7% in 1994, but 5.2% in 2019. The Puyvaraud index (2003) revealed an increase in forest mass of 1.05% per year. Of course, the forest stand canopy does not actually increase at that rate, rather forest stands became established until they were visible on satellite imagery as established canopy. Jaeger’s (2000) cohesion index indicates zero probability (both in 1994 and 2019) of encountering two organisms of the same species hypothetically randomly arranged in the landscape. The dissection index (Bowen and Burgess, 1981) yields a value of 5.84% in 1994 and 8.42% in 2019, indicating that the landscape has become more sparse by 3.42% with respect to the similarity of a circle of the same area as all patches, i.e. it has become finer grained. The Markov matrix reveals the most representative transitions (discarding transitions to urbanisation). Grasslands became xerophytic scrubland; scrubland became heterogeneous forest and oak woodland; xerophytic scrubland became eucalyptus plantations, scrubland and grassland became stands of pirul, and scrubland and grassland became artificial copses of pine, casuarina and white cedar. A correlation of 0.5 was found for 1994 and 0.06 for 2019. In general, vegetation cover has been almost entirely affected by human causes, either with negative environmental impact, such as the construction of colonies, or positive impact, such as reforestations. Landscape indices indicate that, with the exception of eucalyptus plantations, most forest communities have become small, scattered mosaics with little core area, forming a fine-grained landscape, and the retraction of the forest frontier has promoted further fragmentation.

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

RESUMEN El Bosque Mesófilo de Montaña (BMM) del centro de Veracruz, México, representa un paisaje alterado por actividades antrópicas, por lo que es necesario evaluar el potencial evolutivo y adaptativo de las aves refugiadas en el sitio, las cuales se enfrentan a un paisaje con un gradiente heterogéneo. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la diversidad de aves en fragmentos de BMM y vegetación secundaria (VS), en el predio Finca La Pastoría, Huatusco, Veracruz, así como, asociar su presencia y/o alimentación a cada hábitat evaluado. Se identificaron las especies y número de individuos en 14 sitios de observación de aves, con el método de muestreo basado en conteo por puntos con radio fijo de 30 m. Se registraron 100 especies pertenecientes a 33 familias y 15 órdenes. En el BMM se identificaron 916 individuos, correspondientes a 89 especies, y en VS 331 individuos de 54 especies, encontrando diferencias significativas de diversidad de aves entre coberturas de muestreo. Destacan los registros de Dendrortyx barbatus, Leptotila verreauxi y Vireo griseus, por ser endémicas. La primera está clasificada en peligro de extinción, mientras que la segunda se encuentra sujeta a protección especial y la tercera amenazada. También se registraron Pionus senilis, especie amenazada; Falco peregrinus, Micrastur semitorquatus, Passerina ciris, Psarocolius montezuma, Myadestes occidentalis y Amazona albifrons, sujetas a protección especial. Este estudio brinda información sobre cómo la avifauna hace uso diferencial de dos coberturas de vegetación, la cual puede servir para generar estrategias sustentables para el manejo y conservación del bosque.

ABSTRACT The Cloud Forest (CF) in central Veracruz, Mexico, represents a landscape that has been altered by anthropic activities. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the evolutionary and adaptive potential of the birds sheltered in the site, which face a landscape with a heterogeneous gradient. The objective of the study was to describe the diversity of birds in fragments of CF and secondary vegetation (VS), in the property “Finca La Pastoría”, Huatusco, Veracruz. The species and number of individuals in 14 bird watching sites were identified, with the sampling method based on counting points with a fixed radius of 30 m. 100 species from 33 families and 15 orders were recorded. In the CF, 916 individuals were identified, corresponding to 89 species, and in VS 331 individuals of 54 species, finding significant differences in bird diversity between sampling coverages. The records of Dendrortyx barbatus, Leptotila verreauxi and Vireo griseus stand out for being endemic and classified as endangered and threatened, respectively. Furthermore, Pionus senilis, a threatened species, as well as Falco peregrinus, Micrastur semitorquatus, Passerina ciris, Psarocolius montezuma, Myadestes occidentalis and Amazona albifrons, subject to special protection, were also recorded. This study provides information on how the birds make differential use of two vegetation covers, which can be used to generate sustainable strategies for forest management and conservation.

Abstract Introduction: There are no previous studies about the Achiote Interurban Biological Corridor, Costa Rica. Objective: To characterize birds and land use to improve the corridor’s functional connectivity. Methods: We selected ten sampling sites (sugar cane and coffee cultivation areas, urban areas, secondary forest, and riparian forest) and used the point count technique for six months (100 sampling hours and 120 samples). We determined bird richness and abundance associated with each type of cover. Results: We identified 194 bird species. Secondary forest, riparian areas, and coffee plantations had the highest diversity. Trophic guilds and habitat use were not related to cover, and insectivores and frugivores were generally dominant. Conclusion: Birds with generalist habits predominated in open areas and forest patches within the biological corridor.

Resumen Introducción: No existen estudios previos sobre el Corredor Biológico Interurbano El Achiote, Costa Rica. Objetivo: Caracterizar las aves y el uso del suelo para mejorar la conectividad funcional del corredor. Métodos: Seleccionamos diez sitios de muestreo (áreas de cañal y cafetal, áreas urbanas, bosque secundario y bosque ribereño) y utilizamos la técnica de conteo de puntos, durante seis meses (100 horas de muestreo y 120 muestras). Determinamos la riqueza y abundancia de aves asociadas a cada tipo de cobertura. Resultados: Identificamos 194 especies de aves. El bosque secundario, las áreas ribereñas y el cafetal tuvieron la mayor diversidad. Los gremios tróficos y el uso del hábitat no estuvieron relacionados con la cobertura, y los insectívoros y frugívoros fueron generalmente dominantes. Conclusión: Las aves de hábitos generalistas predominaron en áreas abiertas y parches de bosque dentro del corredor biológico.

Summary Hygrophilous forests are tree dominated formations in periodically or permanently waterlogged environments. The species composition, phytosociological structure and tree diversity of hygrophilous forest stands located in Puerto Valle, in the northeast of the Iberá wetland (Corrientes, Argentina), are described. The forest of Puerto Valle consists of 24 species with a monodominant formation of the “arary”,Calophyllum brasiliense(Calophyllaceae), as the main component. The floristic similarity between communities indicates complete dissimilarity between forest patches in Puerto Valle sites. Natural recruitment in Puerto Valle also showed a predominance ofC. brasiliense, in line with the monodominant character of the species. Our results indicate a great spatial variability of the rain forests in the territorial matrix and reinforce the relict character of the forest withC. brasiliensein Argentina.

Resumen Las selvas higrófilas son formaciones forestales de ambientes periódica o permanentemente anegados. Se describe la composición de especies, la estructura fitosociológica y la diversidad arbórea de sitios de selva higrófila situados en Puerto Valle, en el nordeste del humedal del Iberá, en Corrientes, Argentina. El bosque de Puerto Valle registra 24 especies y presenta una formación monodominante con el “arary”,Calophyllum brasiliense(Calophyllaceae), como principal componente. La disimilitud florística es completa al comparar la similitud florística entre las comunidades de parches boscosos de Puerto Valle. El reclutamiento natural en Puerto Valle presentó también predominio deC. brasiliense, reafirmando el carácter monodominante de la especie. Nuestros resultados indican una gran variabilidad espacial de las selvas higrófilas en la matriz territorial y refuerza el carácter relictual de la selva conC. brasilienseen la Argentina.

Abstract We collected data during three consecutive breeding seasons (2015-2018) to assess the effects of Taphropiestes plaumanni (Coleoptera: Cavognathidae) on its bird hosts in a native forest of central eastern Argentina. We monitored bird nests for T. plaumanni in 207 nests of Masked Gnatcatcher (Polioptila dumicola, Polioptilidae), 302 nests of Vermilion Flycatcher (Pyrocephalus rubinus, Tyrannidae), 55 nests of Blue-and-yellow Tanager (Pipraeidea bonariensis, Thraupidae), 99 nests of Small-billed Elaenia (Elaenia parvirostris, Tyrannidae), 23 nests of Yellow-browed Tyrant (Satrapa icterophrys, Tyrannidae), and other passerine species nesting in the same forest patches. We found 13 nests in which nestlings showed evidences of parasitism of which four species are new hosts for this parasite (Vermilion Flycatcher, Masked Gnatcatcher, Red-crested Cardinal Paroaria coronata, Thraupidae, and Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana). Skin lesions caused by T. plaumanni larvae consisted in lacerations and crusts on the belly and chest areas. In one parasitized nest of Vermilion Flycatcher and one parasitized nest of Masked Gnatcatcher we observed the death of nestlings after being parasitized. This study adds new species to the list of hosts for this parasite, reports nestling skin lesions in nests with T. plaumanni parasitism, and reports for the first time the death of parasitized nestlings. 20152018 2015 2018 (2015-2018 Coleoptera (Coleoptera Cavognathidae Argentina T 20 Polioptila dumicola Polioptilidae, Polioptilidae , Polioptilidae) 30 Pyrocephalus rubinus Tyrannidae, Tyrannidae Tyrannidae) 5 Blueandyellow Blue yellow Pipraeidea bonariensis Thraupidae Thraupidae) 9 Smallbilled Small billed parvirostris 2 Yellowbrowed Yellow browed Satrapa icterophrys patches 1 Redcrested Red crested coronata Forktailed Fork tailed savana. savana . savana) areas 2015201 201 (2015-201 3 201520 (2015-20 20152 (2015-2 (2015- (2015 (201 (20 (2 (

ABSTRACT As part of an ongoing project treating the ferns and lycophytes from the region of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, we here present the taxonomic treatment of the early divergent lineages of the leptosporangiate ferns: the families Dennstaedtiaceae, Lindsaeaceae and Saccolomataceae. We have been sampling the remnant forest patches since 2012; we also fully reviewed the collection of herbarium VIC and other online collections: F, IAN, NY, PH, RB, U, UC, UPCB, US, and WTU. In the region of Viçosa, six taxa belonging to those families occur: Dennstaedtia cicutaria and Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum (Dennstaedtiaceae); Lindsaea lancea var. lancea, L. quadrangularis subsp. quadrangularis, and L. stricta var. stricta (Lindsaeaceae); and Saccoloma elegans (Saccolomataceae). Among these taxa, only L. quadrangularis subsp. quadrangularis and S. elegans are endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest; the remaining are widespread in the Neotropics. We present keys, descriptions, illustrations, examined specimens, and comments. Viçosa State Brazil Dennstaedtiaceae Saccolomataceae 2012 collections F IAN NY PH RB U UC UPCB US WTU occur subsp (Dennstaedtiaceae) var L (Lindsaeaceae) . (Saccolomataceae) S Rainforest Neotropics keys descriptions illustrations specimens comments 201 (Dennstaedtiaceae (Lindsaeaceae (Saccolomataceae 20 2

RESUMO Como parte de um projeto em andamento sobre samambaias e licófitas da região de Viçosa, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, apresenta-se o tratamento taxonômico das primeiras linhagens divergentes de samambaias leptosporangiadas: as famílias Dennstaedtiaceae, Lindsaeaceae e Saccolomataceae. Expedições de campo foram realizadas desde 2012 em remanescentes florestais da região. Também foi realizada uma revisão completa da coleção do herbário VIC, bem como de outras coleções online de herbários: F, IAN, NY, PH, RB, U, UC, UPCB, US, and WTU. Na região de Viçosa, existem seis táxons pertencentes a essas famílias: Dennstaedtia cicutaria e Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum (Dennstaedtiaceae); Lindsaea lancea var. lancea, L. quadrangularis subsp. quadrangularis e L. stricta var. stricta (Lindsaeaceae); e Saccoloma elegans (Saccolomataceae). Dentre esses táxons, apenas L. quadrangularis subsp. quadrangularis e S. elegans são endêmicos da Mata Atlântica brasileira; as demais estão amplamente distribuídas na região Neotropical. São apresentadas chaves, descrições, ilustrações, materiais examinados e comentários. Viçosa Gerais Brasil apresentase apresenta se leptosporangiadas Dennstaedtiaceae Saccolomataceae 201 VIC herbários F IAN NY PH RB U UC UPCB US WTU subsp (Dennstaedtiaceae) var L (Lindsaeaceae) . (Saccolomataceae) S brasileira Neotropical chaves descrições ilustrações comentários 20 (Dennstaedtiaceae (Lindsaeaceae (Saccolomataceae 2

Abstract Clonal growth can be especially advantageous in spatially heterogeneous environments and some clonal plants are highly invasive or superdominant, especially in disturbed environments. However, their temporal dynamics in the absence of large disturbances are not well known. We assessed whether patches dominated by the native bracken fern Pteridium arachnoideum expanded or retracted in area over six years. We mapped the contour of eight patches occupied by P. arachnoideum in a savanna-forest transition every two years from 2009 to 2015. The area occupied by most patches was overall stable, indicating that forested patch boundaries may be unsuitable for an effective vegetative spread of P. arachnoideum. One patch fully retracted during the study period, possibly due to extensive herbivory by leafcutter ants. Thus, although clonal foraging may enable the spread of the species to more suitable sites from these patches, these results indicate that P. arachnoideum does not represent a threat to the biodiversity of savanna-riparian forest transitions in the absence of extensive disturbances, as the area of the largest patches remained stable or decreased during our study. These findings highlight that specific characteristics of the local disturbance regime may be key to the cost-effective management of some superdominant native species. However known P savannaforest savanna 200 2015 period ants Thus savannariparian riparian costeffective cost 20 201 2

Resumo O crescimento clonal tende a ser especialmente vantajoso em ambientes espacialmente heterogêneos e algumas plantas clonais são altamente invasivas ou superdominantes, especialmente em ambientes perturbados. No entanto, a sua dinâmica temporal na ausência de distúrbios maiores não é bem conhecida. Nós acompanhamos manchas dominadas pela samambaia nativa Pteridium arachnoideum ao longo de um período de seis anos para avaliar se elas aumentaram ou diminuíram de tamanho durante este tempo. Nós amostramos seis manchas ocupadas por P. arachnoideum em uma transição entre floresta e savana e mapeamos o seu contorno de dois em dois anos, de 2009 a 2015. Não houve incêndios na área de estudo durante este período e a área ocupada pela maioria das manchas se manteve no geral estável, indicando que limites de manchas de floresta parecem não serem adequadas para uma expansão vegetativa efetiva do P. arachnoideum. Além disso, uma mancha retraiu completamente durante o tempo de estudo, possivelmente devido a herbivoria intensa por formigas-cortadeiras. Assim, embora forrageamento clonal possa permitir o espalhamento desta espécie para sítios mais adequados a partir das manchas já ocupadas, estes resultados indicam que P. arachnoideum não é uma ameaça à biodiversidade em transições entre savana e floresta ripária na ausência de grandes distúrbios, já que a área das manchas permaneceu estável ou diminuiu durante o estudo. Estas descobertas enfatizam que decisões relacionadas ao manejo de espécies nativas superdominantes (e.g., controle ativo ou regeneração natural) devem considerar como estas espécies respondem ao regime local de distúrbios. perturbados entanto conhecida P 200 2015 disso formigascortadeiras. formigascortadeiras formigas cortadeiras. cortadeiras formigas-cortadeiras Assim e.g., eg g (e.g. natural 20 201 e.g. (e.g 2 e.g

Abstract Logging and agricultural exploitation have led to the degradation of Araucaria Forest remnants and the alteration of its last preserved patches. This forest typology contains many endangered plant species, as is the case of the tree Oreopanax fulvus Marchal. To support conservation of this species and understand how different landscape matrices can influence its populations, we evaluated the demographic structure and spatial distribution of O. fulvus in two Araucaria Forest remnants in Paraná state. We delimited two plots (urban and rural population), each with 1 ha, subdivided them into 100 subplots (10 x 10 m), and recorded diameter at ground level (DGL), height, and coordinates of two post-germinative developmental stage of individuals. In each subplot, we measured slope, luminosity, and canopy height. We used Ripley’s K function analysis to describe distribution patterns of the species and the spatial relationship between mature and juvenile trees. We performed correlations between abundance and environmental and structural variables of the O. fulvus populations. Abundance varied between remnants, from 183 individuals/ha (12 mature and 171 juvenile) to 1306 individuals/ha (10 and 1296). The remnants varied in abundance and plant frequency. The species showed an investment in seedling banks. Most juvenile had DGL up to 3.0 cm and height up to 1.0 m and presented aggregated spatial distribution, while adults had random distribution. In the rural population juvenile abundance were correlated with canopy height (positively) and distance to mature trees (negatively). The slope was correlated for both sites, but oppositely, indicating that other factors might have interfered in the regeneration abundance. The urban remnant showed a high abundance of this endangered species, calling attention for potential studies in urban arborization, management and conservation of these remnants. patches Marchal populations O state population, , population) ha (1 m, m) DGL, (DGL) postgerminative post germinative individuals subplot luminosity Ripleys Ripley s 18 individualsha 12 17 130 1296. 1296 . 1296) frequency banks 30 3 0 3. 1. positively (positively negatively. negatively (negatively) sites oppositely arborization ( (DGL 13 129 (negatively

Resumo A exploração madeireira e agrícola levou à degradação dos fragmentos de Floresta com Araucária e à alteração de seus últimos fragmentos preservados. Esta tipologia florestal contém muitas espécies de plantas ameaçadas, como é o caso de Oreopanax fulvus Marchal. Para apoiar a conservação desta espécie e entender como diferentes matrizes da paisagem podem influenciar suas populações, avaliamos a estrutura demográfica e a distribuição espacial de O. fulvus em dois remanescentes de Floresta com Araucária no estado do Paraná. Delimitamos duas parcelas (população urbana e rural), cada uma com 1 ha, subdivididas em 100 subparcelas (10 x 10 m), registrando-se o diâmetro ao nível do solo (DGL), a altura e as coordenadas de dois estágios de desenvolvimento pós-germinativo de indivíduos. Em cada subparcela, medimos declividade, luminosidade e altura do dossel. Utilizamos função K de Ripley para descrever os padrões espaciais da espécie e a relação espacial entre árvores maduras e juvenis. Realizamos análise de correlação entre a abundância e as variáveis ambientais e estruturais das populações de O. fulvus. A abundância variou entre os remanescentes, de 183 indivíduos/ha (12 maduros e 171 juvenis) a 1306 indivíduos/ha (10 e 1296). Os remanescentes apresentaram variações na abundância e frequência de indivíduos. A espécie demonstrou investimento na formação de banco de plântulas. A maioria dos juvenis tinha DGL até 3,0 cm e altura até 1,0 m e apresentaram distribuição espacial agregada, enquanto os adultos tiveram distribuição aleatória. Na população rural a abundância de juvenis foi correlacionada com altura do dossel (positivamente) e com a distância de árvores maduras (negativamente). A declividade foi correlacionada em ambos os locais, mas de forma oposta, indicando que outros fatores podem ter interferido na abundância da regeneração. O remanescente urbano mostrou elevada abundância desta espécie ameaçada, demonstrando um potencial para estudos de arborização urbana, manejo e conservação destes remanescentes. preservados ameaçadas Marchal Paraná rural, , rural) ha (1 m, m) registrandose registrando se DGL, (DGL) pósgerminativo pós germinativo indivíduos subparcela 18 indivíduosha 12 17 130 1296. 1296 . 1296) plântulas 30 3 0 3, 1, agregada aleatória positivamente (positivamente negativamente. negativamente (negativamente) locais oposta regeneração ameaçada ( (DGL 13 129 (negativamente

ABSTRACT. Two muriqui species are currently described in the literature: the southern muriqui, Brachyteles arachnoides (E. Geofroy, 1806) and the northern muriqui, Brachyteles hypoxanthus (Kuhl, 1820). Nowadays, the distribution of the southern muriqui is restricted to forest patches of the states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Paraná, while the northern muriqui occurs in Espírito Santo, Bahia and Minas Gerais. Both are threatened species, but there are still many gaps in our knowledge of their occurrence, especially for southern muriquis in the state of RJ. The purpose of this work is precisely to identify the primary areas of occurrence of the muriqui in Rio de Janeiro through historical reports by naturalists, adventurers and others since the 16th century. Thus, allowing to assist in the establishment and conservation strategies of the species. ABSTRACT literature E. E (E Geofroy 1806 Kuhl, Kuhl (Kuhl 1820. 1820 . 1820) Nowadays Paraná Santo Gerais RJ naturalists th century Thus 180 182 18 1

RESUMO. Existem duas espécies de muriquis descritas atualmente na literatura: muriqui do sul, Brachyteles arachnoides (E. Geoffroy, 1806) e muriqui-do-norte, Brachyteles hypoxanthus (Kuhl, 1820). Atualmente, o muriqui-do-sul tem sua distribuição restrita a fragmentos florestais dos estados do Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo e Paraná, enquanto o muriqui do norte ocorre no Espírito Santo, Bahia e Minas Gerais. Ambas são espécies ameaçadas, mas ainda existem muitas lacunas no conhecimento de sua ocorrência, principalmente para os muriquis-do-sul do estado do RJ. O intuito desse trabalho é justamente identificar as áreas primárias da ocorrência do muriqui no Rio de Janeiro por meio de relatos históricos de naturalistas, aventureiros e outros desde o século XVI, permitindo assim, auxiliar no estabelecimento e estratégias de conservação da espécie. RESUMO literatura sul E. E (E Geoffroy 1806 muriquidonorte, muriquidonorte norte, muriqui-do-norte Kuhl, Kuhl (Kuhl 1820. 1820 . 1820) Atualmente muriquidosul Paraná Santo Gerais ameaçadas muriquisdosul RJ naturalistas XVI assim espécie 180 182 18 1

Abstract Habitat destruction and fragmentation can change environmental conditions and disrupt mutualistic interactions, leading to impacts on natural populations. Here we checked how plant population structure responds to environmental degradation by quantifying effective seed dispersal and patterns of population distribution for the animal-dispersed palm Euterpe edulis Mart. (Arecaceae). Thus, we assessed E. edulis population structure at two locations with different degrees of fragmentation in the Interior Atlantic Forest (west of the State of Paraná, Brazil), where we registered the density of saplings at increasing distances from adults palms and from large trees in the vicinity (perch-trees). We found differences between locations, with aggregated saplings and highest densities at the most fragmented site, although in this site Immature individuals were almost absent. We also identified patches of saplings under perch-trees canopies, in a way which suggests these individuals originate from dispersal events. In both sites, the abundance of Immature saplings was similar either nearby adult palms or perch-trees, pointing to perch-trees being relevant to E. edulis population dynamics. Thus, while conservation of E. edulis in the Interior Atlantic Forest can benefit from such new data, it is still necessary to check whether our findings are recurring and consistently found elsewhere. interactions populations animaldispersed animal dispersed Mart Arecaceae. Arecaceae . (Arecaceae) Thus E west Paraná Brazil, Brazil , Brazil) perchtrees. perchtrees perch (perch-trees) absent canopies events sites perchtrees, trees, dynamics data elsewhere (Arecaceae (perch-trees

Abstract Canga is an environment of great natural and economic value because it harbours a considerable number of endemic species on a substrate that is rich in iron ore. In the Amazon, this open vegetation type grows on top of isolated outcrops in a dense forest matrix found in the Carajás region, in southeastern Pará. Of these outcrops, the Parque Nacional dos Campos Ferruginosos (PNCF) is the only area of Amazonian canga with a strict protection status. Therefore, industrial activity in the region needs to implement mitigation actions to ensure species and habitat conservation. The objective of this study is to complement and review the floristic list of this recently created protected area, enabling us to compare the floristic similarity between it and other 14 Amazonian canga outcrops found outside the conservation units of full protection in the region. This data provides a basis to understand the floristic and phylogenetic complementarity of those patches to support conservation action. For this, six field trips were carried out in the Serra da Bocaina and two in the Serra do Tarzan, respectively, in order to increase the sampling efforts in PNCF and to obtain a more comprehensive plant list. Floristic composition was investigated using multivariate analyses (non-metric multidimensional scaling and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) and phylogenetic structure across studied areas. We added 159 species to the floristic list of the PNCF and the results of the analyses showed that all 16 areas (n.b. PNCF comprises two of these sites) have an overall floristic similarity of 42%, with the least similar areas at 35% and the most similar at 50%. The different micro-habitats found in each study site highlight the high beta diversity of the Amazonian canga sites, making each area unique. Therefore, even if the Parque Nacional dos Campos Ferruginosos does not harbour all the species found in the other Amazonian canga sites, it is strategic for the conservation of the vegetation on ferruginous outcrops in the Amazon, protecting its biodiversity, different habitats, and associated ecosystem services. ore Amazon Pará (PNCF status Therefore 1 action Tarzan respectively nonmetric non metric mean 15 n.b. nb n b (n.b sites 42 42% 35 50 50% microhabitats micro habitats unique biodiversity services n.b 4 3 5

Resumo Canga é um ambiente de grande valor natural e econômico por abrigar um número considerável de espécies endêmicas sobre substrato rico em minério de ferro. Na Amazônia, esse tipo de vegetação aberta cresce sobre afloramentos isolados em uma matriz de floresta densa encontrada na região de Carajás, no sudeste do Pará. Dentre esses afloramentos, o Parque Nacional dos Campos Ferruginosos (PNCF) é a única área de canga Amazônica que apresenta o status de proteção integral permanente. Dessa forma, a atividade industrial presente na região necessita implementar ações de mitigação para assegurar a conservação de espécies e habitats relacionados às cangas. O objetivo deste estudo é complementar e revisar a lista florística dessa área protegida, recentemente criada, permitindo comparar a sua similaridade florística com outros 14 afloramentos de cangas Amazônicas localizados fora de unidades de conservação de proteção integral encontradas na região. Tais dados fornecem subsídio para entender a complementaridade florística e filogenética desses fragmentos para apoiar ações de conservação. Para isso, foram realizadas seis viagens de coleta à Serra da Bocaina e à Serra do Tarzan, respectivamente, para aumentar o esforço amostral no PNCF e obter uma lista de plantas mais abrangente. A composição florística foi investigada por meio de análises multivariadas (non-metric multidimensional scaling and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) e estrutura filogenética nas áreas estudadas. Nós adicionamos 159 espécies na lista florística do PNCF e os resultados das análises demonstraram que todas as 16 áreas (n.b. o PNCF compreende duas dessas áreas) têm uma similaridade florística total de 42%, com áreas menos similares de 35% e as mais similares de 50%. Os micro-habitats encontrados em cada área de estudo evidenciam a alta diversidade beta das áreas de cangas Amazônicas, o que as tornam únicas. Portanto, ainda que o Parque Nacional dos Campos Ferruginosos não abrigue todas as espécies encontradas em outras áreas de cangas Amazônicas, ele é estratégico para a conservação dos afloramentos ferruginosos na Amazônia, protegendo a sua biodiversidade, os diferentes habitats e os serviços ecossistêmicos associados. ferro Amazônia Carajás Pará (PNCF permanente forma protegida criada 1 isso Tarzan respectivamente abrangente nonmetric non metric mean estudadas 15 n.b. nb n b (n.b 42 42% 35 50 50% microhabitats micro únicas Portanto biodiversidade associados n.b 4 3 5

Abstract The analysis of landscape features through remote sensing methods is one of the most used methods for analyzing the landscape's composition, structure, and functions, including qualitative and quantitative changes. This study identified potential sites for conserving floristic diversity in the municipality of Tlalixcoyan in Veracruz. A supervised classification of the municipality was elaborated considering the different types of vegetation cover and land use in the municipality considering seven categories of land use and vegetation cover, 210 referenced points, and satellite images Sentinel-2B gathered in 2020. The overall reliability of the classification was 76%. The two classes of land use with the highest density of trees, grassland with woody vegetation and secondary forests, had the greatest physical connectivity with cohesion indices of 99.7 and 99.3, respectively. Besides the connectivity metric, we used the mobile window method to assess those areas with the highest value for conservation based on the proximity of forest and savanna patches in the landscape. We acknowledge that the identification of potential sites for protection is only the first step, and further actions must involve local landowners and organizations to promote and implement specific activities such as the self-proposed conservation areas supported by the National Commission of Natural Protected Areas (Conanp).

Resumen El uso de descriptores de paisaje a través de métodos de percepción remota es uno de los métodos más utilizados para el análisis de la composición, estructura y funciones en el paisaje. En este trabajo se identificaron sitios prioritarios para la conservación de la diversidad florística mediante la caracterización de la estructura espacial de las diferentes clases de cobertura vegetal y uso de suelo en el municipio de Tlalixcoyan, Veracruz. Se elaboró una clasificación supervisada de los principales tipos de cobertura vegetal y usos de suelo con base en 210 puntos georreferenciados in situ. Se consideraron siete tipos de cobertura vegetal y se utilizaron imágenes del satélite Sentinel-2B del año 2020. La fiabilidad general de la clasificación fue de 76%. Los fragmentos de pastizales con vegetación leñosa y los bosques secundarios presentaron la mayor conectividad física con índices de cohesión de 99.7 y 99.3 respectivamente. Además, estas dos clases de uso de suelo presentan la mayor cobertura arbórea. Aunado a las métricas de paisaje, el análisis de ventanas móviles permitió detectar áreas potenciales para la conservación florística con base en la proximidad de los fragmentos de bosque y sabana. Si bien la información generada en este estudio es un factor crucial para la conservación, en un futuro será necesario incluir a la sociedad y tomadores de decisiones. Una posible aproximación que puede ser viable para la conservación florística en esta localidad son los programas de áreas destinadas voluntariamente para la conservación promovida por la Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas (Conanp).