Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by extracellular accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the brain. This study demonstrates the direct association of the disposable pipette extraction (DPX) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for the analysis of Aβ peptides in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. Different parameters were optimized in order to improve detectability in the MS/MS including mobile phase percentage of ammonium hydroxide, mobile phase flow rate and acquisition mode. Also, this method used an electrospray ionization (ESI) low-flow probe and direct infusion of an organic solution in the MS/MS. The DPX-MS/MS method showed adequate linearity for determining Aβ peptides in CSF-linearity ranged from 0.1 to 1.5 ng mL 1. The coefficients of determination were higher than 0.99; the precision coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 0.3 to 12.7%; and the accuracy relative standard deviation (RSD) ranged from -13.6 to 13.2%. Alzheimers Alzheimer s AD (AD amyloidβ amyloid β (Aβ brain DPX (DPX MSMS MS (MS/MS CSF (CSF samples hydroxide mode Also ESI (ESI lowflow low DPXMS/MS DPXMSMS CSFlinearity 01 0 1 0. 15 5 0.99 099 99 CV (CV 03 3 12.7% 127 12 7 RSD (RSD 13.6 136 13 6 -13. 132 2 13.2% DPXMS 0.9 09 9 12.7 13. -13 13.2 12. -1 -

RESUMO A aplicação de esgoto sanitário utilizando o gotejamento subsuperficial contribui para mitigar os problemas atuais de disponibilidade de água e produção de alimento. Objetivou-se avaliar o feijão-caupi recebendo esgoto sanitário por gotejadores operando com diferentes vazões e profundidades. Os gotejadores operaram com as vazões de 1,6 e 3,8 L h-1 e foram instalados nas profundidades de 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 e 30 cm. O feijão-caupi foi cultivado em vasos de 65 L preenchidos com solo argiloso em casa de vegetação. Utilizou-se esgoto sanitário sintético e a quantidade aplicada nos vasos foi baseada no elemento limitante, que no caso foi o nitrogênio, para o cultivo do feijão-caupi. O manejo da irrigação foi realizado com sondas de TDR. Avaliou-se a germinação e as respostas fisiológicas e morfologia das raízes do feijão-caupi. A ascensão capilar, quando a água foi aplicada em profundidade, não foi suficiente para umedecer de maneira uniforme a superfície do solo. As variáveis de germinação apresentaram um decréscimo em função do aumento das profundidades de instalação dos gotejadores. A distribuição da água com o aumento da profundidade dos emissores foi responsável pelos prejuízos nas respostas fisiológicas e morfológicas das raízes feijão-caupi. As vazões dos gotejadores não afetaram a germinação do feijão-caupi. Utilizar o sistema de irrigação por gotejamento subsuperficial não foi apropriado para o feijão-caupi nas condições deste estudo. alimento Objetivouse Objetivou se feijãocaupi feijão caupi 16 1 6 1, 38 3 8 3, h1 h h- 0 5 10 15 20 2 cm vegetação Utilizouse Utilizou limitante nitrogênio feijãocaupi. caupi. TDR Avaliouse Avaliou capilar estudo

ABSTRACT The application of sanitary sewage using subsurface drip irrigation contributes to mitigating the current problems of water availability and food production. The aim in this study was to evaluate cowpea receiving sanitary sewage through drippers operating at different flow rates and depths. The drippers operated at flow rates of 1.6 and 3.8 L h-1 and were installed at depths of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 cm. Cowpea was grown in 65 L pots filled with sandy clay soil in a greenhouse. Synthetic sanitary sewage was used and the amount applied to the pots was based on the limiting element, which in this case was nitrogen, for growing cowpea. Irrigation was managed using TDR probes. Germination and the physiological responses and morphology of cowpea roots were assessed. Capillary rise, when water was applied in subsurface, was not sufficient to evenly moisten the soil surface. The germination variables decreased as a result of the increase in drip installation depths. The distribution of water as the depth of the emitters increased was responsible for the damage to the physiological and morphological responses of cowpea roots. The flow rates of the drippers did not affect the germination of cowpea. Using the subsurface drip irrigation system was not appropriate for growing cowpea under the conditions of this study. production 16 1 6 1. 38 3 8 3. h1 h h- 0 5 10 15 20 25 cm greenhouse element nitrogen probes assessed rise surface 2

RESUMO: Dentre as neoplasias hematopoiéticas, as leucemias são originadas pelas células mieloides ou linfoides na medula óssea, podendo ser de forma aguda, com um pior prognóstico, principalmente, acometendo gatos com leucemia felina (FeLV positivos) ou, de forma crônica, que apresentam um prognostico reservado, especialmente em gatos idosos. As leucemias possuem várias classificações, cujas diferenciações irão depender de exames complementares como hemograma, mielograma, citologia e citometria de fluxo, importantes para a caracterização e para o melhor tratamento do animal. RESUMO hematopoiéticas óssea aguda prognóstico principalmente FeLV positivos crônica reservado idosos classificações hemograma mielograma fluxo animal

ABSTRACT: Among the hematopoietic neoplasms, leukemias are caused by myeloid or lymphoid cells in the bone marrow, which can either be acute with an unfavorable prognosis and mostly affect cats that tested positive for feline viral leukemia (FeLV) or chronic in older cats that have a poor prognosis. Leukemias have several classifications in which the differentiation depends on complementary tests, such as blood profile, myelogram, cytology. and flow cytometry, which help determine the best treatment for the animal. ABSTRACT neoplasms marrow FeLV (FeLV tests profile myelogram cytology cytometry animal

ABSTRACT Purpose: The epithelial–mesenchymal transition of human lens epithelial cells plays a role in posterior capsule opacification, a fibrotic process that leads to a common type of cataract. Hyaluronic acid has been implicated in this fibrosis. Studies have investigated the role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 in epithelial–mesenchymal transition. However, the role of TGF-β2 in hyaluronic acid-mediated fibrosis of lens epithelial cell remains unknown. We here examined the role of TGF-β2 in the hyaluronic acid-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition of lens epithelial cells. Methods: Cultured human lens epithelial cells (HLEB3) were infected with CD44-siRNA by using the Lipofectamine 3000 transfection reagent. The CCK-8 kit was used to measure cell viability, and the scratch assay was used to determine cell migration. Cell oxidative stress was analyzed in a dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate assay and by using a flow cytometer. The TGF-β2 level in HLEB3 cells was examined through immunohistochemical staining. The TGF-β2 protein level was determined through western blotting. mRNA expression levels were determined through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Treatment with hyaluronic acid (1.0 μM, 24 h) increased the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of HLEB3 cells. The increase in TGF-β2 levels corresponded to an increase in CD44 levels in the culture medium. However, blocking the CD44 function significantly reduced the TGF-β2-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition response of HLEB3 cells. Conclusions: Our study showed that both CD44 and TGF-β2 are critical contributors to the hyaluronic acid-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lens epithelial cells, and that TGF-β2 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition is regulated by CD44. These results suggest that CD44 could be used as a target for preventing hyaluronic acid-induced posterior capsule opacification. Our findings suggest that CD44/TGF-β2 is crucial for the hyaluronic acid-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lens epithelial cells. Purpose epithelialmesenchymal mesenchymal opacification cataract TGFβ2 TGFβ TGF β2 β (TGF)-β However TGF-β acidmediated mediated unknown Methods HLEB (HLEB3 CD44siRNA CDsiRNA siRNA CD 300 reagent CCK8 CCK 8 CCK- viability migration dichlorodihydrofluorescein dichloro dihydro fluorescein cytometer staining blotting realtime real time reaction Results 1.0 10 1 0 (1. μM 2 h CD4 medium TGFβ2mediated TGFβmediated Conclusions acidinduced induced CD44/TGFβ2 CD44TGFβ2 CDTGFβ CD44/TGF CD44/TGF-β (HLEB 30 1. (1 CD44/TGFβ CD44TGFβ CD44TGF CDTGF 3 (

RESUMO A solução fundamental para o problema do entupimento do emissor é explorar o projeto ideal da estrutura do emissor e melhorar sua capacidade anti-entupimento. O objetivo da pesquisa foi selecionar a forma estrutural ideal do caminho de fluxo do emissor em sistemas de irrigação por gotejamento utilizando fontes de água de qualidade inferior, proporcionando suporte teórico para melhorar a capacidade anti-obstrução do próprio emissor e para o projeto de novos produtos de emissores. A seleção da estrutura do caminho do fluxo do emissor não tem sido conduzida com base na determinação do modelo de simulação apropriado com a condição complexa de qualidade da água. Para tanto, determinou-se o modelo de movimento interno do fluido adequado do emissor, e avaliou-se de forma abrangente o desempenho hidráulico e o desempenho anti-entupimento das cinco estruturas representativas da trajetória de fluxo no país e no exterior, e finalmente determinou-se a estrutura ótima da trajetória de fluxo do emissor. Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram que o modelo RNG k-ε foi o mais adequado para simular a área do fluxo no emissor por meio da análise abrangente da lacuna entre os valores simulados e os valores medidos, da precisão do cálculo e da eficiência computacional. A trajetória de fluxo fractal foi relativamente ótima para o desempenho hidráulico e para o desempenho anti-entupimento. Este estudo pode fornecer suporte teórico para melhorar a própria habilidade anti-obstrução do emissor e o projeto de novo produto de emissor. antientupimento. antientupimento anti entupimento. inferior antiobstrução obstrução emissores tanto determinouse determinou se avaliouse avaliou exterior kε k ε medidos computacional

ABSTRACT The fundamental solution to the problem of emitter clogging is to explore the optimal structure design of emitter and improve its anti-clogging ability. The research objective was to select the optimal structural form of the emitter flow path in drip irrigation systems using inferior water sources, which can provide theoretical support for improving the anti-clogging ability of the emitter itself and designing new emitter products. The selection of the flow path structure of the emitter has not been conducted on the basis of determining the appropriate simulation model with the condition of complex water quality. Therefore, the appropriate internal fluid movement model of the emitter was determined, the hydraulic performance and anti-clogging performance of the five nationally and internationally representative flow path structures were comprehensively evaluated, and finally the optimal structure of the emitter flow path was determined. The research results indicated that RNG k - ε model was the most suitable to simulate the flow field in the emitter by comprehensive analysis of the gap between simulated values and the measured values, the calculation accuracy and computational efficiency. The fractal flow path was relatively optimal for hydraulic performance and for anti-clogging performance. This study can provide theoretical support for improving the anti-clogging ability of the emitter itself and the design of the new emitter product. anticlogging anti sources products quality Therefore determined evaluated efficiency product

ABSTRACT Although static spiral separators are efficient in removing particles of varying shapes and densities, they often discard seeds of high physiological quality. This has led to the emergence of devices that enables rotation, thus allowing more precise control over separation of seed fractions. The objective of this work was to assess the physical and physiological quality of soybean seeds separated into qualified and discarded fractions by a rotary spiral separator. The device used for the tests operated at different rotation speeds, processing up to 1.2 Mg h-1. Twenty-seven 30 kg seed bags were used. Treatments consisted of two factors: rotation speeds (null, 5, and 10 rpm) and feed flow rates (0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 Mg h-1), with three replicates. Soybean seeds of the CZ 37B51 IPRO cultivar (2022-2023 crop season) with 13% moisture content were used. The null speed resulted in the highest seed discards (up to 40%), especially at the highest feed flow rate. A speed of 5 rpm also resulted in high discards. A speed of 10 rpm with feed flows of 0.3 and 0.6 Mg h-1 resulted in better performance, reducing discard and improving the fraction of qualified seeds, although it may compromise the quality of these seeds. A speed of 10 rpm reduced the discard of high-quality seeds, and a flow of 1.2 Mg h-1 was less efficient, resulting in a higher discard of high-quality seeds compared to lower flows. densities separator 12 1 2 1. h1. h1 h Twentyseven Twenty seven 3 factors null, (null 0.3, 03 0 (0.3 06 6 h1, , h-1) replicates B 37B5 20222023 2022 2023 (2022-202 season 13 40%, 40 40% 40%) rate 0. h- performance highquality (0. 37B 2022202 202 (2022-20 4 (0 202220 20 (2022-2 ( 20222 (2022- (2022 (202 (20 (2

RESUMO Embora os separadores espirais estáticos sejam eficientes na remoção de partículas de formas e densidades variadas, eles frequentemente descartam sementes de alta qualidade fisiológica. Isso levou ao surgimento de dispositivos que possibilitam a rotação, permitindo assim um controle mais preciso sobre a separação das frações de sementes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade física e fisiológica de sementes de soja separadas em frações qualificadas e descartadas por um separador espiral rotativo. O equipamento utilizado para os testes operou em diferentes velocidades de rotação, processando até 1,2 Mg h-1. Foram utilizados 27 sacos de 30 kg de sementes. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por dois fatores: velocidades de rotação (nula, 5 e 10 rpm) e fluxos de alimentação (0,3, 0,6 e 1,2 Mg h-1), com três repetições. Foram utilizadas sementes de soja da cultivar CZ 37B51 IPRO (safra 2022-2023) com 13% de umidade. A velocidade nula resultou nos maiores descartes de sementes (até 40%), especialmente na maior taxa de fluxo de alimentação. Uma velocidade de 5 rpm também resultou em grandes decartes. Uma velocidade de 10 rpm com fluxos de alimentação de 0,3 e 0,6 Mg h-1 resultou num melhor desempenho, reduzindo o descarte e melhorando a fração de sementes qualificadas, embora possa comprometer a qualidade destas sementes. A velocidade de 10 rpm reduziu o descarte de sementes de alta qualidade, e o fluxo de 1,2 Mg h-1 foi menos eficiente, resultando em maior descarte de sementes de alta qualidade em comparação com fluxos menores. variadas rotativo 12 1 2 1, h1. h1 h 1. 3 fatores nula, (nula 0,3, 03 0 (0,3 06 6 0, h1, , h-1) repetições B 37B5 safra 20222023 2022 2023 2022-2023 13 umidade 40%, 40 40% 40%) decartes h- desempenho eficiente menores (0, 37B 2022202 202 2022-202 4 (0 202220 20 2022-20 ( 20222 2022-2 2022-

Resumo O presente estudo avaliou a incorporação de finos de rocha granítica (GRP) e areia artificial (MS) em argamassas auto-adensáveis (SCM), visando adequação das características reológicas. Foram analisadas SCMs com relações água/cimento de 0,42, 0,46 e 0,63, teores de GRP de 17%, 20% e 40%, respetivamente, e substituição volumétrica de 50% da areia natural por MS. Para avaliar o desempenho das SCMs, foram realizados ensaios de mini V-Funnel e mini Slump, além da caraterização físico-mecânica. A distância de separação interpartículas e a espessura máxima da pasta também foram analisadas e concluiu-se que o teor de GRP é o parâmetro de maior influência no consumo de superplastificante e no tempo de escoamento das misturas. Com a incorporação de GRP, a viscosidade da argamassa foi ajustada sem a necessidade de adição de agentes modificadores de viscosidade, aumentando o tempo de escoamento, enquanto a substituição parcial de NS por MS resultou numa diminuição deste parâmetro. Além disso, a incorporação simultânea de GRP e MS aumentou a densidade das misturas, promovendo aumento da resistência à compressão em até 29% e da resistência à tração na flexão em até 19%, apesar da redução de cerca de 40% do volume de cimento. (GRP (MS autoadensáveis auto adensáveis SCM, SCM , (SCM) reológicas águacimento água cimento 042 0 42 0,42 046 46 0,4 063 63 0,63 17 17% 20 40 respetivamente 50 VFunnel V Funnel Slump físicomecânica. físicomecânica físico mecânica. mecânica físico-mecânica concluiuse concluiu se misturas disso 29 19 19% (SCM 04 4 0, 06 6 0,6 1 2 5

Abstract The study assessed the use of granitic rock powder (GRP) and manufactured sand (MS) in self-compacting mortars (SCM) to achieve desired rheological properties. Different water/cement ratios of 0.42, 0.46, and 0.63 were used with partial replacement of cement volume by GRP at levels of 17%, 20%, and 40%. Additionally, a volumetric replacement of 50% natural sand with MS was studied. The performance of SCMs was evaluated using mini V-Funnel and mini Slump Tests, as well as physical-mechanical characterization. It was found that GRP content significantly influenced superplasticizer consumption and flow time without requiring additional viscosity modifiers while incorporating MS decreased flow time parameter. Furthermore, simultaneous incorporation of GRP and MS increased mixture density by up to 14% improved compressive strength by up to 29%, and flexural tensile strength by up to19%. (GRP (MS selfcompacting self compacting SCM (SCM properties watercement water 042 0 42 0.42 046 46 0.46 063 63 0.6 17 17% 20 20% 40 40% Additionally 50 studied VFunnel V Funnel Tests physicalmechanical physical mechanical characterization parameter Furthermore 14 29 29% to19 to19% 04 4 0.4 06 6 0. 1 2 5 to1

Abstract Mortars’ workability results from other properties, such as consistency, plasticity, cohesion, water retention, exudation, initial adhesion and density. A workable mortar distributes itself in application, doesn’t segregate during transport, and remains plastic during the application time. This property depends on several application factors, together with the constituent materials. Therefore, this study aims to assess the influence of the formulation, aggregate type and water content on rheological behavior of rendering mortars, combined with particle packing studies. For this purpose, three usual mortar formulations were chosen. The minimum water content was calculated through the concepts of particle packing and the squeeze flow test. As a result, the influence of each constituent on the workability of the mortar was determined, together with the formulations optimized by the aggregate type. The water content analysis revealed the wet packing density and minimum value required for the formation of the water film around the particles. Mortars properties consistency plasticity cohesion retention exudation doesnt doesn t transport time factors materials Therefore formulation mortars studies purpose chosen test result determined particles

Resumo A trabalhabilidade das argamassas resulta de outras propriedades, como consistência, plasticidade, coesão, retenção de água, exsudação, adesão inicial e densidade. Uma argamassa trabalhável distribui-se durante a aplicação, não segrega durante o transporte e permanece plástica durante o tempo de aplicação. Esta propriedade depende de vários fatores de aplicação, juntamente com os materiais constituintes. Portanto, este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a influência da formulação, do tipo de agregado e do teor de água no comportamento reológico de argamassas de reboco, aliado a estudos de empacotamento de partículas. Para tanto, foram escolhidas três formulações de argamassas usuais. O teor mínimo de água foi calculado através dos conceitos de empacotamento de partículas e teste de squeeze flow. Como resultado, foi determinada a influência de cada constituinte na trabalhabilidade da argamassa, juntamente com as formulações otimizadas pelo tipo de agregado. A análise do teor de água revelou a densidade de empacotamento úmido e o valor mínimo necessário para a formação do filme de água ao redor das partículas. propriedades consistência plasticidade coesão exsudação distribuise distribui se aplicação constituintes Portanto formulação reboco tanto usuais flow resultado

Abstract: The integration of electric mobility is real nowadays. Government policies increasingly focus on encouraging the use of electric vehicles (EVs); particularly, replacing conventional public mobility with electric buses. An adequate energy management of electric bus systems must optimize resource usage, and extend the lifespan of transport units and charging stations, while providing quality service to users. The performance of the EV transport system depends on various deterministic and stochastic variables that need to be accurately simulated to analyze its behavior as closely as possible to real conditions. In this study, a model for the energy analysis of EVs has been implemented, by using the software SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility) and applying it to public transport routes in Quito, Ecuador. Through the executed simulations, energy consumption has been estimated and, a sensitivity analysis of the energy consumption of electric bus units to the variations in relevant parameters in the energy management of public transport systems, has been carried out. The impact of certain parameters on energy consumption has been verified, by indicating a significant decrease in the autonomy of EVs on the simulated route under very similar to reality operating conditions. For study case, autonomy reduction of electric bus is around 27% in comparison with manufacturer's specifications. The analysis of energy performance under various traffic scenarios will allow future optimizations of the electric public transport system operation, since traffic levels, variable traffic flow, and pronounced changes in terrain elevation, are considered.

Resumen: La integración de la movilidad eléctrica es una realidad en el mundo actual, las políticas gubernamentales se enfocan cada vez más en incentivar el uso de vehículos eléctricos (VE) particulares, pero, principalmente en reemplazar la movilidad pública convencional por el uso de buses eléctricos. Una adecuada gestión energética de los sistemas de buses eléctricos debe optimizar el uso de recursos, prolongando la vida útil de las unidades de transporte, estaciones de carga y brindando siempre un servicio de calidad a sus usuarios. El desempeño del sistema de transporte mediante VE depende de diversas variables determinísticas y estocásticas que necesitan ser debidamente simuladas a fin de analizar su comportamiento, lo más cercano a las condiciones reales. En el presente trabajo, mediante la aplicación del software SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility), se ha implementado un modelo para el análisis energético de VE y se lo ha aplicado en rutas de transporte público en Quito-Ecuador. A partir de las simulaciones realizadas se ha estimado el consumo energético y se ha efectuado un análisis de sensibilidad del consumo energético de las unidades de buses eléctricos ante variaciones de parámetros relevantes en la gestión energética de sistemas de transporte público. Para el caso de estudio se comprueba la reducción de la autonomía del bus eléctrico en 27% de acuerdo con la información del fabricante. El análisis del desempeño energético realizado bajo diversos escenarios de tráfico permitirá en futuros trabajos optimizar la operación de los sistemas de transporte público eléctrico, considerando niveles de tráfico, flujo vehicular variable y pronunciados desniveles en su relieve.

Summary: Avocado is a fruit (Persea americana), that has increased its consumption worldwide. Mexico is the main producer and exporter of avocado in the world, representing more than 30% of the world harvest, of which 73.2% of the total avocado production in Mexico was concentrated in the state of Michoacán. In the state of Michoacán, there is a constant production of avocado fruit throughout the year, but this production is affected by the variation in climate, water management and flowering type, putting agricultural production and sustainable development at risk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the climatic effect, water management, and flowering type on fruit nutrient content in six orchards in the state of Michoacan. Six orchards were evaluated in the towns of Basilia, Cheranguerán, Tecario, Araparicuaro, Peribán and Patamburu in the state of Michoacan, which represent 90% of the climate types (TC), predominant in the state (ACW1, ACW2 and CW1)., with 100% of the water regime (irrigated and seasonal, RH) and 97% of the type of fruit produced (loca and normal, FF). The dry matter contents and total mineral content of the fruit were evaluated. The arrangement of treatments was a factorial [A= water regime (RH); B= type of climate (TC); C= floral flow (FF)], distributed completely randomly with 20 repetitions taking each tree as a repetition. The results indicated that the dry matter content is affected by TC, but not by RH and FF, FF affects the nutritional content more than TC and RH. The type of climate is the factor with the least impact on the mineral content of the fruit. In floral flow, the total nutritional content was significant in four elements with higher values for N, Cl, and Zn in crazy fruit and Na in normal fruit.

Resumen: El aguacate (Persea americana), es un fruto que ha incrementado su consumo a nivel mundial. México es el principal productor y exportador de aguacate en el mundo que representa más del 30% de la cosecha mundial, del cual el 73.2% de la producción total de aguacate en México se concentra en el estado de Michoacán, pero dicha producción es afectada por la variación del clima, poniendo en peligro la producción agrícola y el desarrollo sostenible. El objetivo del fue evaluar el efecto climático, manejo de agua y el tipo de floración sobre el contenido nutrimental del fruto en seis huertas del estado de Michoacán. Se evaluaron seis huertos de las localidades de la Basilia, Cheranguerán, Tecario, Araparicuaro, Peribán y Patamburu del estado de Michoacan, que representan un 90% de los tipos de clima (TC), predominantes en el estado (ACW1, ACW2 y CW2), con un 100% del régimen de agua (riego y temporal, RH) y un 97% del tipo de fruto producido (loca y normal, FF). Se evaluaron los contenidos de materia seca y el contenido mineral total del fruto. El arreglo de tratamientos fue una factorial [A= régimen hídrico (RH); B= tipo de clima (TC); C= flujo floral (FF)], distribuido completamente al azar con 20 repeticiones tomando cada árbol como una repetición. Los resultados indicaron que el contenido de materia seca es afectado por TC, pero no por RH y FF, FF afecta más el contenido nutricional que TC y RH. El tipo de clima es el factor de menor impacto en el contenido mineral del fruto. En flujo floral el contenido nutricional total fue significativo en cuatro elementos con mayor valor para N, Cl, y Zn en fruto loca y Na en fruto normal.

RESUMEN Este trabajo tiene por objetivo presentar un método de evaluación y análisis de la cadena de suministro como estructura organizativa cuya salida es un producto de calidad y alta demanda en el sector agropecuario. Se presentan definiciones, así como los elementos que definen a la cadena de suministro como estructura organizativa. Se brinda un método de evaluación y análisis, estableciendo sus dimensiones de trabajo y las etapas para su desarrollo. Su aplicación práctica permite realizar una síntesis de los factores que entorpecen y/o facilitan la efectividad de la cadena en el contexto de la economía cubana. Se expone el resultado del proyecto de investigación «Mejorar la cadena de suministro de productos cárnicos del sector agroalimentario para la exportación en fronteras. Código: PN131SS014-011», perteneciente a un Programa Nacional de Ciencia y Técnica.

ABSTRAC This work aims to present a method of evaluation and analysis of the supply chain as an organizational structure whose output is a quality product and high demand in the agricultural sector. Definitions are presented, as well as the elements that define the supply chain as an organizational structure. An evaluation and analysis method is provided, establishing its dimensions of work and the stages for its development. Its practical application allows a synthesis of the factors that hinder and/or facilitate the effectiveness of the chain in the context of the Cuban economy. The result of the research project «Improving the supply chain of meat products in the agri-food sector for export at borders Code PN131SS014-011», belonging to add files National Program of Science and Technique

Resumen:El presente estudio analiza los principales factores que tienen influencia en el consumo de agua potable, así como los patrones de consumo horario del recurso hídrico en zonas residenciales de la parroquia El Rosario. Se aplicó un estudio de caracterización urbanística por medio de fichas técnicas y análisis estadístico que denotan 3 estratificaciones en el sector (B, C y D). Se aplicaron encuestas para conocer factores que inciden en el consumo de agua potable y se realizó el registro horario de lecturas de 219 medidores de agua durante 24 horas los 7 días de la semana. El consumo de agua potable registrado presenta incrementos que tienen dependencia a factores como el número de usuarios que disponen del servicio, tipo de residencia, unidades sanitarias en uso y otras características externas. Se obtuvieron curvas de consumo horarias para cada red de distribución y los coeficientes de variación de consumo horario máximos y mínimos. Los caudales máximos ocurren a las 13h00 con 94.76 l/h y a las 19h00 con 73.46 l/h, el coeficiente máximo de variación de consumo horario (Kh_max) es de 3.44, valor que sobrepasa lo establecido en la normativa nacional vigente CPE INEN 5 (1992); los valores de los coeficientes máximos de cada barrio se presentan mediante digitalización georreferenciada.

Abstract:This study analyzes the main factors that influence drinking water consumption, as well as the hourly water consumption patterns in residential areas of El Rosario parish. A study of urban characterization was applied by means of technical data sheets and statistical analysis that showed 3 stratifications in the sector (B, C and D). Surveys were conducted to determine the factors that affect drinking water consumption, and an hourly record was made of readings of 219 water meters 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The consumption of drinking water recorded showed increases that depend on factors such as the number of users who have the service, type of residence, sanitary units in use and other external characteristics. Hourly consumption curves were obtained for each distribution network and the coefficients of variation of maximum and minimum hourly consumption. The maximum flows occur at 13h00 with 94.76 l/h and at 19h00 with 73.46 l/h, the maximum coefficient of variation of hourly consumption (Kh_max) is 3.44, a value that exceeds that established in the current national regulation CPE INEN 5 (1992); the values of the maximum coefficients of each neighborhood are presented through georeferenced digitalization.

Abstract GLP1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) are drugs that mimic the effects of the incretin hormone GLP1 and were initially introduced in medicine for the treatment of diabetes in 2005 and for obesity in 2014. Over time, data from secondary and exploratory objectives of large randomized controlled-trials suggested that GLP1-RAs could also exert renal action by slowing the progression of kidney disease in patients with and without diabetes. Based on this rationale, the Flow study (1 mg semaglutide vs placebo) was designed and recruitment began in 2019 until May 2021. The recently published results confirmed the effect of semaglutide in reducing the composite renal outcome. However, similar to SGLT2 inhibitors, the potential mechanisms behind the renal effects of GLP1-RAs still need to be elucidated. The aim of this review is to address the different physiological mechanisms of GLP1-RAs at the renal level, using evidence from experimental studies and current scientific literature. GLP GLP1RAs GLPRAs RAs (GLP1-RAs 200 2014 time controlledtrials controlled trials rationale 1 ( placebo 201 2021 outcome However SGLT inhibitors elucidated level literature 20 202 2

Resumo Os agonistas do receptor de GLP1 (GLP1-RAs) são medicamentos que imitam os efeitos do hormônio incretínico GLP1. Eles foram inicialmente introduzidos na medicina para o tratamento do diabetes em 2005 e para a obesidade em 2014. Com o passar do tempo, dados provenientes de objetivos secundários e exploratórios de amplos ensaios clínicos randomizados sugeriram que os GLP1-RAs também poderiam exercer ação renal ao retardar a progressão da doença renal em pacientes com e sem diabetes. Com base nesse raciocínio, o estudo Flow (semaglutida 1 mg vs. placebo) foi desenhado e o recrutamento começou em 2019, estendendo-se até maio de 2021. Os resultados publicados recentemente confirmaram o efeito da semaglutida na redução do desfecho renal composto. No entanto, assim como os inibidores do SGLT2, os mecanismos potenciais por trás dos efeitos renais dos GLP1-RAs ainda precisam ser elucidados. O objetivo desta revisão é abordar os diferentes mecanismos fisiológicos dos GLP1-RAs em nível renal, utilizando evidências de estudos experimentais e da literatura científica atual. GLP GLP1RAs GLPRAs RAs (GLP1-RAs 200 2014 tempo raciocínio vs placebo 2019 estendendose estendendo se 2021 composto entanto SGLT2 SGLT elucidados atual 20 201 202 2

Direct current flow through power transformers in HVDC systems can lead to significant half-cycle saturation issues, putting the power system at risk. The HVDC system can function in monopolar ground return and unbalanced bipolar without earth return conductors. During these two HVDC modes of operation, a substantial direct current flows through the HVDC ground terminals, creating a ground DC potential difference between the neutrally grounded transformers. As a result, DC flows through the neutrals into the transformer windings. The study presents a transformer-neutral DC compensating device incorporating a novel control to solve the issue. Using a proper control strategy, injecting reverse DC into the grounding grid can compensate for direct current flow in transformer windings to mitigate the biased operating flux of power transformers. In this article, an in-depth analysis of transformer response to DC bias was investigated. Then, an Interval type-II fuzzy logic control (IT2FLC) was proposed as an effective control strategy for managing the neutral DC compensating system. Its robustness was assessed and analysed by comparing it with type-I fuzzy logic-based (T1FLC) and a PI-based compensation system. The control performance is examined using MATLAB/Simulink models and validated with rapid control prototype tests conducted with a SpeedgoatTM real-time target machine, assessing the transient response, oscillations, and settling time of the compensation device under DC bias voltage variations. The outcomes indicate that the IT2FLC controls the compensation device more effectively than other controllers to mitigate half-cycle saturation. This approach introduces a novel strategy to prevent transformer half-cycle saturation.

Abstract Introduction: Evidence suggests that herbivores, such as peccaries, shape vegetation structure and diversity through predation, trampling, dispersal, and rooting behavior. Objective: To evaluate the impact of peccaries (Dycotiles tajacu) on the understory vegetation of the tropical rainforest in the Nogal-La Selva Local Biological Corridor, Costa Rica, comparing a site with the absence of peccaries to another with the presence of these animals. Methodology: From June to November 2021, 20 experimental exclusions and 20 free access plots, each measuring 2 m2 were used to quantify herbivory, the number of leaf blades, damaged leaves, healthy leaves, sapling height, and fallen biomass at both sites. Results: A higher sapling density was found in the Nogal Reserve, but a lower sapling diversity, while in La Selva there was a higher sapling diversity, but a lower density of seedlings. Herbivory and sapling height in La Selva exceeded those in Nogal. The exclusion of peccaries reduced seedling damage but did not affect the dynamics of fallen biomass. Conclusion: For the design, implementation, and evaluation of the effectiveness of biological corridors, it is crucial to consider plant-animal interactions to enhance the flow of ecological processes through functional and structural connectivity, analyzed from interactions such as those presented in this paper.

Resumen Introducción: Existe evidencia que herbívoros, como los saínos, dan forma a la estructura y diversidad de la vegetación a través del comportamiento de depredación, pisoteo, dispersión y enraizamiento. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de los saínos (Dycotiles tajacu) en la vegetación del sotobosque del bosque tropical húmedo en el Corredor Biológico Local Nogal-La Selva, Costa Rica, en un sitio con ausencia y en otro con presencia de saínos. Métodos: De junio a noviembre de 2021 se utilizaron 20 exclusiones experimentales y 20 parcelas de acceso libre de 2 m2, se cuantifico la herbivoría, número de láminas foliares, hojas dañadas, hojas sanas, altura de brinzales y biomasa caída en ambos sitios. Resultados: Se encontró una mayor densidad de brinzales en Reserva Nogal pero una menor diversidad, contrario en La Selva donde se encontró una mayor diversidad de brinzales, pero una menor densidad de plántulas. La herbivoría y la altura de brinzales en La Selva fue mayor que en Nogal. La exclusión de los saínos disminuyó el daño a las plántulas, pero no afectó la dinámica de la biomasa caída. Conclusión: Es necesario contemplar para el diseño, implementación y evaluación de la efectividad de corredores biológicos, las interacciones planta-animal, para potencializar el flujo de procesos ecológicos mediante la conectividad funcional y estructural, analizada a partir de interacciones como las presentadas en este trabajo.