Resumen. La mojarra (Eucinostomus currani) es un recurso importante de subsistencia en mercados locales de Ecuador. Sin embargo, poco es sabido sobre la historia de vida temprana y la biología reproductiva de esta especie. En 2016 y 2017, se recolectaron larvas de E. currani en 3 playas arenosas en el Golfo de Guayaquil, Ecuador, y se identificaron usando códigos de barras de ADN. La longitud estándar de las larvas osciló entre 4.00 y 15.78 mm. También recolectamos otolitos para comprender mejor la historia de vida temprana de E. currani. Los otolitos se usaron para estimar la edad, la tasa de crecimiento de la población (±EE), las fechas de eclosión y la época reproductiva. En promedio, la edad de los peces fue de 16.5 ± 4.5 días, mientras que la tasa de crecimiento promedio fue de 0.70 ± 0.05 y 0.22 ± 0.16 mm por día en marzo y mayo, respectivamente. En el Golfo de Guayaquil, la mayoría de las fechas de eclosión y la actividad reproductiva presunta de E. currani ocurrió durante la época húmeda (diciembre-abril) cuando aguas más calidas prevalecieron. Hasta donde tenemos conocimiento, este es el primer estudio que estima las fechas de eclosión y la tasa de crecimiento larval para una especie de la familia Gerreidae en el Océano Pacífico.

Abstract. The flagfin mojarra (Eucinostomus currani) is an important subsistence fishery resource in local Ecuadorian markets; however, very little is known about the early life history and reproductive biology of this species. In 2016 and 2017, E. currani larvae were collected at 3 sandy beaches in the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador, and identified using DNA barcoding. Standard lengths ranged from 4.00-15.78 mm. We also collected otoliths to better understand the early life history of E. currani. Otoliths were used to estimate the age, population growth rate (±SE), hatch dates, and reproductive period. On average, the fish were 16.5 ± 4.5 days old, while the average growth rate was 0.70 ± 0.05 and 0.22 ± 0.16 mm per day in March and May, respectively. In the Gulf of Guayaquil, most hatch dates and the presumed reproductive activity of E. currani occurred during the wet season (December-April) when warmer water prevailed. To our knowledge, this is the first study to estimate the hatch dates and larval growth rate for a species of the family Gerreidae in the Pacific Ocean.

ABSTRACT Custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) is a sensitive fruit crop to salinity. One of the alternatives to minimize the deleterious effects of salt stress is adopting mineral fertilization management practices, promoting increased crop tolerance to salts. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate NPK doses to mitigate salt stress in custard apple seedlings irrigated with saline wastewater. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse, adopting a randomized block design in a 3 × 5 factorial scheme, corresponding to three irrigation waters (local-supply water of 0.53 dS m-1 electrical conductivity (control); desalination reject of 3.5 dS m-1; fish farming effluent of 3.5 dS m-1) and five proportions of the NPK recommendation (25, 50, 75, 100, and 125% of the fertilization recommendation), with four replicates. The growth, biomass accumulation, and nutrients were evaluated. Irrigation with desalination reject, and fish farming effluent restricted the growth of custard apple seedlings, regardless of the NPK dose used. The ionic homeostasis of seedlings irrigated with desalination reject and fish farming effluent is optimized by fertilization with 50% of the NPK recommendation corresponding to 50, 150, and 75 mg of N, P2O5, and K2O dm-3, respectively. For the production of seedlings irrigated with local-supply water, the dose of 75% NPK, corresponding to 75, 225, and 112.5 mg of N, P2O5, and K2O dm-3, respectively, is recommended. Annona L. L salinity practices salts Therefore wastewater greenhouse scheme localsupply local supply 053 0 53 0.5 m1 m 1 m- control (control) 35 3. 25, 25 (25 50 100 125 recommendation, , recommendation) replicates accumulation evaluated used 150 7 N P2O5 PO P O KO K dm3, dm3 dm 3, dm-3 respectively 225 1125 112 112. recommended 05 0. (control 2 (2 10 12 15 P2O dm- 22 11 (

RESUMO A pinheira (Annona squamosa L.) é uma frutífera sensível à salinidade. Uma das alternativas para minimizar os efeitos deletérios do estresse salino é a adoção de práticas de manejo da fertilização mineral, promovendo o aumento da tolerância da cultura aos sais. Portanto, o objetivo foi avaliar as doses de NPK para mitigar o estresse salino em mudas de pinheira irrigadas com água residual salina. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3 × 5, correspondendo a três águas de irrigação (água de abastecimento local de 0,53 dS m-1 de condutividade elétrica (controle); rejeito salino da dessalinização de 3,50 dS m-1; efluente de piscicultura de 3,50 dS m-1) e cinco proporções da recomendação de NPK (25, 50, 75, 100 e 125% da recomendação de fertilização), com quatro repetições. O crescimento, acúmulo de biomassa e nutrientes foram avaliados. A irrigação com rejeito salino e efluente de piscicultura restringe o crescimento das mudas de pinha, independentemente da dose de NPK utilizada. A homeostase iônica das mudas irrigadas com rejeito salino e efluente de piscicultura é otimizada pela fertilização com 50% da recomendação de NPK correspondente a 50, 150 e 75 mg de N, P2O5 e K2O dm-3, respectivamente. Para a produção de mudas irrigadas com água de abastecimento local, recomenda-se a dose de 75% de NPK, correspondente a 75, 225 e 112,5 mg de N, P2O5 e K2O dm-3, respectivamente. Annona L. L salinidade mineral sais Portanto salina vegetação casualizados 5 053 0 53 0,5 m1 m 1 m- controle (controle) 350 50 3,5 25, 25 (25 10 125 fertilização, , fertilização) repetições avaliados pinha utilizada 15 7 N PO P P2O KO K dm3, dm3 dm 3, dm-3 respectivamente recomendase recomenda se 22 1125 112 112, 05 0, (controle 35 2 (2 12 dm- 11 (

SIGNIFICANCE: The Freshwater Biodiversity Information System (FBIS) is a powerful, open-access platform for hosting, sharing, and analysing freshwater biodiversity data for South Africa. Platform design and functionality were strongly informed by the requirements of key data end-users and decision-makers. The platform has over 790 000 occurrence records, which are freely available to data-users and are now being converted into impact through incorporation in national decision-support tools. With better data comes better decisions, and access to a data repository like FBIS means that the monitoring, management and conservation of our freshwater ecosystems can be improved, for the long-term betterment of both people and biodiversity.

Resumen La iluminación continua y el aumento de frecuencias alimenticias han mejorado el crecimiento de peces en cultivo. Sin embargo, el consumo de oxígeno en estas condiciones no se ha evaluado en peces agástricos de intestino corto. Este estudio evaluó el consumo de oxígeno de Chirostoma estor bajo tres regímenes específicos de alimentación y luz: reposo sin alimentación, alimentación de rutina y alimentación/luz continua. En este último tratamiento los peces presentaron niveles de consumo de oxígeno de 60 y 20% más altos que los peces en reposo y con alimentación rutinaria, respectivamente. Esto implica que se requieren niveles elevados y constantes de suministro de oxígeno para satisfacer la demanda de C. estor en cultivo en condiciones crecimiento acelerado. El presente estudio muestra la relevancia de determinar los niveles de consumo de oxígeno bajo protocolos de crecimiento acelerado para lograr mejores indicadores de desempeño de otras especies con configuraciones digestivas similares.

Abstract Continuous illumination and increased feeding periods have enhanced growth in commercial fish species. However, oxygen consumption under these conditions has yet to be previously assessed in agastric short-intestine fish. This study evaluated Chirostoma estor (Atherinopsidae) oxygen consumption under three specific feeding and light regimes: resting-unfed, routine-fed, and continuous light/feeding. Fish in the continuous light/feeding condition presented oxygen consumption levels 60 and 20% higher than resting-unfed and routine-fed fish, respectively. The latter implies that constant high oxygen supply levels are required to satisfy the demand for C. estor raised under these high growth rate conditions. The present study shows the relevance of determining oxygen consumption levels during continuous illumination and extended feeding periods to consider optimal oxygen levels required to achieve better performance indicators, such as the growth and welfare of atherinopsids and species with similar digestive configurations.

ABSTRACT Taurine supplementation has shown survival and feeding efficiency in larval fish development. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the effects of adding taurine to the longfin yellowtail (Seriola rivoliana) diet for 60 days. Fish (n = 270) were distributed in three treatments: T0 without taurine, T1, and T2, supplemented with taurine at 1 and 2%, respectively. Growth performance, blood serum biochemistry, fatty acid, and amino acid profiles in skeletal muscle were evaluated. Notable improvements (P < 0.05) were observed in T1 and T2 in terms of specific growth rate (SGR) and weight gain (WG). Survival rates (SR) did not show significant differences (P > 0.05). In addition, a decrease was observed in intraperitoneal fat (IPF). Still, an increase was observed in blood parameters, including higher total protein (TP) and globulin (GLO) concentration, as well as a reduction in cholesterol (CHO) levels. Changes in fatty acid profiles were also detected in skeletal muscle with an increase in omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) and elevation in taurine concentration in T2. The results showed that adding 20 g kg-1 of taurine to the diet improved growth, skeletal muscle, and blood serum biochemistry. Therefore, the use of higher taurine concentrations is recommended in future studies to understand fully the extent of the benefits to longfin yellowtail juveniles.

ABSTRACT Chile has a relatively long history of monitoring and managing large-scale commercial fish stocks. However, many other small-scale fisheries, particularly those operating in estuaries, usually lack basic fisheries and biological information. International experience indicates that a monitoring system designed for large-scale stocks cannot simply be resized to address the complexity, relatively low total economic value, and the large number of actors and supply chains in small-scale fisheries. This article proposes a strategy to monitor data-poor fisheries operating in estuaries. The striped mullet (Mugil cephalus), locally known as "lisa", in the Rapel River, central Chile, was selected to establish a pilot monitoring program for small-scale fish resources. From May 2022 to May 2023, fisheries information, including fleet description, catch and effort data, and fish biological attributes such as length and weight, were collected and described for the first time in the region. Drawing insights from this case study, we propose developing a generic monitoring system tailored specifically for monitoring fish stocks in estuaries. This conceptualization is based on: i) change agents, who are individuals trained to work with both the social and biological dimensions of each coastal fish stock; ii) experienced fisheries scientists outside government agencies; and iii) local fishers’ knowledge to provide constant feedback for adapting temporal and spatial scales for monitoring. This monitoring scheme is cost-effective and can be efficiently replicated in other estuarine fisheries in Chile.

ABSTRACT Aquaponics is the cultivation technique that integrates aquaculture with hydroponics. The present work compared two plant production cycles of a hydroponic component of an aquaponic system (tilapia-lettuce-cucumbers) vs. a hydroponic system. The tilapia growth trial lasted 22 weeks in the aquaponic system, during which two plant production cycles -lettuce-cucumber- (seven weeks) were performed. Water quality and environmental variables were recorded, evaluating weight growth and biomass produced in fish rearing. Leaf number, height, and weight were determined in lettuce plants. Stem length and fresh weight were measured in cucumber plants; length, fresh weight, and diameter were determined in cucumber fruit. The results showed that the average tilapia biomass per tank was 33.76 kg m-3 with an average final weight of 592.26 ± 25.45 g fish−1. Lettuce production (plants ha−1) was higher in aquaponics than hydroponics during the first cycle, while in the second one, it was greater in hydroponics. Significant differences (ANOVA, P < 0.05) resulted between treatments in both cucumber production cycles with larger biomass growth in hydroponics than in aquaponics. Cucumber fruit showed larger weight (212.52 ± 18.89 g) and length (14.15 ± 1.75 cm) in hydroponics, thus greater yield (4.97 t ha−1); hydroponics-grown cucumber plants had longer stem lengths (292.51 ± 8.73 cm). In conclusion, the hydroponic system had higher plant production. However, aquaponics provided a double benefit since it produced fish and plants, and the plants used waste from fish rearing without contaminating the environment.

ABSTRACT Integrative studies are important for a better understanding of the functional development of fish digestive systems and the consequent design of suitable feeding regimes and ad-hoc diets. To characterize the ontogeny of digestive function in larvae and juveniles of two atherinopsids from South America, Odontesthes bonariensis and O. hatcheri, morphologic, histologic, and intestinal enzyme biochemical analyses were performed. Both species showed a functional digestive system from one week after hatching (wah) with a sustained high-level activity of the cytosolic enzyme leucine alanine peptidase (leu-ala) until 9 and 13 wah in O. hatcheri and O. bonariensis, respectively. Maximum specific leu-ala activities in both species were higher compared to other agastric and most gastric fish. These results and the abundant pinocytic vacuoles in the posterior intestine suggest that cytosolic digestion is crucial for these species. It seems that their apparent anatomically simple digestive system is compensated by an uncommonly early development and function of the digestive tract and accessory organs accompanied by high intestinal cytosolic activity. The above findings contribute to the understanding of the Atherinopsidae digestive model and, for the first time, suggest that under farming conditions, these species could be weaned at an early developmental stage with an appropriate balanced diet.

The number of people on Earth and human activities are currently taking on frightening proportions with far-reaching consequences for our planet, its biodiversity and ultimately the human race itself. Ten thousand years ago, humans represented 1% of the total biomass of all land vertebrates. The rest was made up by wild animals. Currently, humans, livestock and pets make up 99% of terrestrial vertebrate biomass, while wild animals represent only 1%. It took millennia for the human population to reach the 1 billion mark and that only by 1890. By 1960, however, the world population had grown to 3 billion. Today there are 8 billion people living on our planet. According to Population Matters, the world population will be approximately 10,4 billion by the end of this century, despite the gradual decline in the growth rate in some countries. There is only a 23% chance that the total population growth rate will tail off before 2100. The population of the 47 least developed countries is likely to triple between 2017 and 2100 to around 3 billion. There are currently 62 million people in South Africa. About 67,9% of our population (in 2021) live in urban areas. The South African population grew by 0,87% in 2023. The fertility rate is 2,30 (2023). It is estimated that by 2050 75,5 million people will be living in South Africa, with 8 out of every 10 people living in urban areas, which would significantly increase the pressure on infrastructure. The Global Footprint Network states that humans currently use the resources of 1,75 Earths. If the situation does not improve, by 2050 we would need the equivalent of three Earths to survive. More than 4 billion people will have little or no water by 2050, and South Africa even now has been classified as a "water-stressed" country. Medical science is continually contributing to more babies surviving their entry into the world and to our living increasingly longer. Life expectancy has risen from 46 years in 1950 to 73,2 years in 2023. By 2050 it will be 77 years. What can be done? Empowerment of women is important. Population growth can be curbed to a reasonable extent by giving more girls access to education. This certainly does not mean that girls or women alone should be held responsible for the current population growth, but much more will have to be done about sex education, women's rights will have to be actively promoted and there will have to be better provision and use of contraceptives. Obviously, these issues should be approached and handled with due caution. In this regard, countries such as Thailand and South Korea have, in the recent past, proved that good education may result in lower birth rates. In Africa, women with no education have an average of 5,4 children; women who completed high school an average of 2,7 children and women with tertiary education an average of 2.2. In Nigeria, every year of school attendance by girls cuts the birth rate by a tenth. In addition, intensified efforts to reform economies and societies should be considered. For the sake of the survival of the human species and the sustainability of the Earth, ecological and economic justice and the empowerment ofwomen have to be encouraged. The Millennium Project - a global participatory think tank that was founded in 1996 under the auspices of the American Council for the United Nations University, but which became independent in 2009 and has since grown into a global network of institutions and individuals - aims to improve humankind's prospects for a better future. It recommends, among other things, the following: • Support a policy aimed at improving the survival of children, responsible family planning and educational opportunities for (especially) girls. • Improve methods that will ensure skills and employment opportunities for young people, as well as care and services for the elderly. • Implement the UN's urban agenda. • Create enough smart cities where citizens with urban intelligence can help in eco-smart ways with the necessary improvements in the city. • Increase training in resilience, and improve disaster prediction and management. • Provide guidance for people about urban ecology. • Intensify research and development in saltwater agriculture (halophytes or salt plants) on coastlines to produce food for humans and animals, biofuel and pulp for the paper industry, and to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2). This will ease the pressure on freshwater agriculture. • Improve agricultural and irrigation management. • Invest in precision agriculture and aquaculture. • Reduce food losses from the "farm to the mouth" (one third or 1,3 billion tons of agricultural production is wasted in this way every year). • Establish seaweed to restore wild fish populations along coastlines. The World Bank estimates that 90% of marine life is completely depleted. • Expand the production of insects for animal feed and human diets (insects have a low environmental impact, and 2 billion people already supplement their diet with insects today). • Encourage vegetarianism. Although there are more ways to address these important global challenges, responsible family planning remains one of the most important. This is an extremely sensitive issue for many people (especially in Africa), but if it is not promoted in a humane, informed and responsible way, the sustainability of life on our planet will increasingly come under tremendous pressure in various respects.

Die aantal mense op aarde en hulle/ons aktiwiteite neem tans skrikwekkende afmetings aan met wydlopende gevolge vir ons planeet, biodiversiteit en uiteindelik onsself. Die moderne mens het sy teenwoordigheid op die aarde en die benutting van hulpbronne baie lank as sy onaantasbare reg gesien. Die huidige uitwerking van byvoorbeeld bevolkingsgroei en besoedeling versteur die aarde se natuurlike ritme in so 'n mate dat ons nou nie meer op 'n kitsoplossing kan hoop nie. Die mens se getalle neem teen so 'n tempo toe dat dit nie net nadelig vir die planeet is nie, maar ook vir die mensdom self. Wat kan gedoen word? Bemagtiging van vroue speel 'n belangrike rol. Dit beteken beslis nie dat meisies en vroue alleen vir die huidige bevolkingsgroei verantwoordelik gehou moet word nie. Die bevolkingsgroei kan egter in 'n redelike mate vertraag word deur veral meer meisies toegang tot onderwys en opleiding te gee - asook hul lewensomstandighede te verbeter. Ook sal daar heelwat meer aan seksopvoeding gedoen moet word, vroueregte sal daadwerklik bevorder moet word en daar sal beter voorsiening en gebruik van voorbehoedmiddels moet wees. Uiteraard moet hierdie kwessies met die nodige omsigtigheid benader en hanteer word. In hierdie verband kan onder andere Thailand en Suid-Korea genoem word wat in die onlangse verlede bewys het dat goeie onderwys geboortesyfers laat daal. In Afrika het vroue wat geen onderwys ontvang nie, gemiddeld 5,4 kinders; vroue wat hoërskool voltooi het gemiddeld 2,7 kinders en vroue wat tersiêre studie deurloop het, gemiddeld 2,2 kinders. In Nigerië sny elke jaar wat meisies skool bywoon, die geboortesyfer met 'n tiende. Hiermee saam sal daar ook verskerpte pogings moet wees om ekonomieë en samelewings te hervorm. Ter wille van die mens se voortbestaan en die volhoubaarheid van lewe op aarde moet ekologiese en ekonomiese geregtigheid, en die bemagtiging van vroue aangemoedig word.

ABSTRACT Food availability is defined as the sufficient quantity of food of adequate quality and culturally acceptable for the population of a country in a given period. In the case of the cities of the North Coast of the Uruguay River, there is little availability in terms of local fishing. The objectives of this research were to analyze the causes of this scarce availability through the opinion of the artisanal fishermen of the region, and the referring institutions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with artisanal fishermen and institutional references in the region, as well as a representative of the private sector. The inability of fishermen to dedicate themselves exclusively to the activity; the export destination that has the majority of the region's catches; the low consumption at national level and the scarce demand of the cities for river fish, were some of the enunciated causes.

RESUMEN La disponibilidad de alimentos se define como la cantidad suficiente de alimentos de calidad adecuada y culturalmente aceptables para la población de un país en un período determinado. En el caso de las ciudades del Litoral Norte del Río Uruguay, se observa una escasa disponibilidad en materia de pesca local. Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron analizar las causas de esta escasa disponibilidad a través de la opinión de los y las pescadores artesanales de la región, y las instituciones referentes. Se realizaron entrevistas semi estructuradas a pescadores artesanales y referentes institucionales de la región, así como a un representante del sector privado. La imposibilidad de los pescadores para dedicarse exclusivamente a la actividad; el destino exportador que tiene la mayoría de las capturas de la región; el bajo consumo a nivel nacional y la escasa demanda de las ciudades por pescado de río, fueron algunas de las causas enunciadas.

Abstract Common duckweeds are flowering plants of the family Araceae, comprising the smallest angiosperms of the plant kingdom, a species of aquatic algae of universal distribution, found on the surface of freshwater bodies, mainly in puddles, swamps, lakes, and calm rivers. Recently, different research has been carried out on its potential and usefulness. Due to its nutritional composition, protein contribution, high fiber content and low fat and carbohydrate content, it would be an adequate input to generate products of high nutritional value, characteristics that make it interesting compared to other species. It is used as a complement to commercial diets in a wide variety of animals such as birds, ruminants, non-ruminants, crustaceans, and fish, reducing feed costs by up to 50 %. Likewise, used in remediation processes of a wide range of chemical contaminants with a high elimination rate, they can absorb some dissolved substances and provide oxygen through photosynthesis. It has been indicated that they are low cost of construction, maintenance, easy to operate, have a wide tolerance to growing conditions, are generally easy to harvest, and do not compete with farmland. In the environmental field, it is important to find alternative and innovative raw materials, even without the need to use growth media or fertilizers, however, their acceptance as a food source needs extensive research regarding their nutritional value, large-scale yield, economic market supply and analysis of antinutritive components for human food.

Resumen Las lentejas de agua son plantas con flores de la familia Aráceas, comprenden las angiospermas más pequeñas del reino vegetal, una especie de algas acuáticas de distribución universal, se encuentran en la superficie de los cuerpos de agua dulce principalmente en charcos, ciénagas, lagos y ríos calmados. Recientemente, se han llevado a cabo diferentes investigaciones sobre su potencial y utilidad. Por su composición nutricional, aporte de proteína, alto contenido de fibra y bajo contenido de grasas y carbohidratos, resultaría ser un insumo adecuado para generar productos de alto valor nutricional, características que la hacen interesante frente a otras especies. Se emplea como complemento a dietas comerciales en una gran variedad animales como aves, rumiantes, no rumiantes, crustáceos y peces, reduciendo hasta un 50 % los costos por alimentación. Así mismo, usada en procesos de remediación de una amplia gama de contaminantes químicos con alta tasa de eliminación, pueden absorber algunas sustancias disueltas y brindar oxígeno mediante la fotosíntesis. Se ha indicado bajo costo de construcción, mantenimiento, fáciles de operar, poseen amplia tolerancia a condiciones de crecimiento, facilidad general de cosecha y no compiten con las tierras de cultivo. En el ámbito ambiental es importante encontrar materias primas alternativas e innovadoras, incluso sin la necesidad de utilizar medios de crecimiento o fertilizantes, sin embargo, su aceptación como fuente de alimento necesita investigaciones exhaustivas con respecto a su valor nutritivo, rendimiento a gran escala, suministro de mercado económico y análisis de componentes antinutritivos para la alimentación humana.

Resumen: Los productos acuáticos reestructurados se procesan principalmente a partir de especies de pescado infravaloradas, recortes de filetes o subproductos de especies de pescado no comerciales. Una de las pesquerías subvaloradas en el sur de México, es la del macabil (Albula vulpes). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la adición de harinas no convencionales y la reducción del nivel de cloruro de sodio en las propiedades mecánicas y funcionales de productos reestructurados de macabil. Se elaboraron reestructurados de macabil para analizar las muestras con harina de amaranto (HA) o harina de grillo (HG) doméstico (0 %, 5 % y 10 %) y tres niveles de sal (0 %, 1 % y 2 %). Se evaluó la pérdida de agua por cocción, la cantidad de agua extraíble y la textura de los geles. El uso de ambas harinas no convencionales disminuyó la pérdida de agua por cocción entre un 49.09 % y 61.97 %, con 1 % de sal. La adición de sal redujo el agua extraíble del reestructurado. Los valores de dureza variaron (P < 0.05) entre tratamientos. La mayor dureza se obtuvo en los tratamientos con HA al 10 % y sal al 1 % (64.55 N) y con HG al 10 % y sal al 2 % (63.50 N). La cohesividad varió de 0.53 a 0.71 (adimensional) en los tratamientos con 1 % y 2 % de sal, indicando pocos cambios en la estructura interna por efecto de los aditivos. Las harinas no convencionales permitieron la gelificación proteica, formando reestructurados con propiedades texturales adecuadas para un producto cárnico. La adición del 10 % de HG común o de HA y 1 % de uso de sal, en la formulación de reestructurados de pescado, ofrece una alternativa saludable en el desarrollo de alimentos de pescado.

Abstract: Restructured seafood products are primarily processed from undervalued fish species, fillet trimmings, or byproducts of non-commercial fish species. One of the underrated fisheries in southern Mexico is that of the bonefish (Albula vulpes). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding non-conventional flours and reducing the sodium chloride level on the mechanical and functional properties of restructured bonefish products. Bonefish restructured products were prepared to analyze samples with (0 %, 5 %, and 10 %) amaranth flour (AF) or cricket flour (CF) and three levels of salt (0 %, 1 % and 2 %). The cooking water loss, the amount of extractable water and the texture from gels were evaluated. The use of both non-conventional flours reduced cooking water loss by 49.09 % to 61.97 % with 1 % salt. The addition of salt reduced the extractable water in the restructured product. Hardness values varied (P < 0.05) among treatments. The highest hardness was obtained in treatments with 10 % AF and 1 % salt (64.55 N) and with 10 % CF and 2 % salt (63.50 N). Cohesiveness ranged from 0.53 to 0.71 (dimensionless) in treatments with 1 % and 2 % salt, indicating minimal changes in internal structure due to additives. Non-conventional flours allowed for protein gelation, forming restructured products with suitable textural properties for a meat product. The addition of 10 % CF or AF and 1 % salt in fish restructured product formulation offers a healthy alternative in the development of fish-based foods.

ABSTRACT This paper reports the presence of the common dolphinfish, Coryphaena hippurus, in Argentinian waters for the first time, with a specimen collected by experienced sport fishermen near Mar del Plata (38°S). This finding also represents the first record of a species from the Coryphaenidae family in Argentinian waters. The collection of these specimens coincided with sightings of other rarely-seen pelagic and oceanic fish species during the same period, providing further evidence supporting the influx of subtropical fish species from warmer Brazilian waters. These observations highlight the need for continued monitoring of fish populations and their distribution and the ecological dynamics within the region.

ABSTRACT The reports of fish cell cultivation date back to the early 20th century, and since then, it has become a tool of great importance for different areas of ichthyology, such as immunology, toxicology, and biotechnology. The cell cultivation methodology can vary according to the species and cell type, requiring knowledge of the specificities and characteristics of the target cell for them to be efficiently cultured. In this review, we address the main characteristics of the in vitro culture of fish cells, presenting their purposes, uses, main parameters, and different characteristics necessary for the culture environment. Finally, we present the experiences in Brazil using cell culture techniques.

ABSTRACT The effect of a partial substitute of fish meal by biofloc meal on the growth and survival of fry Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus was evaluated over nine weeks. Two biofloc meals were obtained by drying them in two processes: A) sun exposure and B) convection oven. A randomized design of eight isonitrogenous (40%) and isoenergetic (17 kJ g-1) diets was used, where 5, 10, 15, and 20% of the fish meal was substituted for the two biofloc meals. The nutritional study was conducted in a recirculating aquaculture system with Nile tilapia fry (initial weight: 0.64 ± 0.16 g). The survival range was similar in all treatments and higher than 97%. Tilapia fed with the treatments A5, A10, B5, and B10 of substitution of biofloc meal showed similar and significantly better final weight, individual weight gain, specific growth rate, and condition factor than A15, A20, B15, and B20 treatments; as well as efficiency of use of the feed: protein efficiency ratio, carcass nitrogen deposition, apparent nitrogen utilization, and apparent digestibility. Therefore, these results suggest that biofloc meal is possible in diets for tilapia, thus reducing the need for fishmeal as the main source of protein in the diet.