ABSTRACT Deformation intensity analysis for mechanical parts are very important data for machine design. For farm machines, these parameters present difficulties for determination due to its particularities. The Machinery industry searches for advanced technologies to determine the mechanical behavior of parts. This article shows the analysis of the reliability in the application of the laser triangulation technique (LTT) to determine the deformation of the mechanical elements of farm machines. A flat cutting disc with standardized dimension was selected as the object of study, as it is commonly used in farm machines, exhibiting a simple geometry made of steel, making the analysis procedure easier both for experimental execution and for data validation. Displacements of 1.0 mm to 10 mm were applied on the specimen. The theoretical behavior of specimen displacement was defined by finite element modelling with same condition of loading and dimension to compare the generated data by the experimental tests. Results indicated a displacement with maximum variation of 2.56% between experimental data and theoretical results and were considered satisfactory. LTT was able to determine deformation curve behavior of machine elements. It was concluded that Laser Triangulation Technique (LTT) was satisfactory to determine the deformation of a specimen. design machines particularities (LTT study steel validation 1 0 1. tests 256 2 56 2.56 25 5 2.5 2.

Resumo Enquanto diversos modelos estruturais buscam prever o comportamento de paredes em alvenaria, as normas técnicas buscam promover a previsão das cargas resistentes, de modo a trazer segurança para as estruturas. Diferentes regiões do mundo possuem parâmetros diversos para previsão da capacidade lateral das estruturas em alvenaria. O presente trabalho buscou realizar a comparação entre as normas de alvenaria estrutural brasileira, americana, australiana e europeia no que tange à resistência ao cisalhamento das mesmas e à flexocompressão que estão submetidas. Os equacionamentos indicados nas normas foram comparados com modelagem por elementos finitos e com a equação da literatura (2022), consideradas fidedignas para previsão do comportamento das paredes submetidas a forças laterais no plano. É proposta uma atualização para a norma brasileira. Os resultados mostraram que enquanto os resultados dos modelos para flexocompressão têm valores similares em todas as normas, para cisalhamento, a norma brasileira se mostrou como sendo a menos conservadora, seguida pela australiana, americana, canadense e europeia. Foi identificado ainda, por meio da modelagem em EF (Elementos Finitos), que o principal modo de ruptura dos painéis é a compressão diagonal. A proposta de modificação na norma brasileira, com consideração de área líquida e a correção da resistência ao cisalhamento inicial (fvk0), resultam valores muito mais próximos aos resultados do modelo. resistentes americana 2022, 2022 , (2022) plano conservadora ainda Elementos Finitos, Finitos Finitos) diagonal fvk0, fvk0 fvk (fvk0) modelo 202 (2022 (fvk0 20 (202 (fvk 2 (20 (2 (

Abstract Several structural models aim to predict the behavior of masonry walls. Those are included in technical standards strive to ensure the anticipation of the structural capacity, thereby assuring its safety. Different regions of the world encompass diverse parameters for predicting the lateral capacity of masonry members. This study sought to compare the Brazilian, Canadian, American, Australian, and European masonry standards regarding the shear and flexural capacity specification of walls. Equations derived from the standards were contrasted against finite element modeling results and to reliable formulation from the literature for predicting wall shear behavior. Additionally, an actualization is proposed to the Brazilian standard. The results revealed that while flexural capacity specifications result in comparable values across all standards, the Brazilian standard exhibited the least conservatism in the shear capacity, followed by the Australian, American, Canadian, and European standards. The diagonal shear was the primary mode of panel failure of the walls from the FE (Finite Element) modeling. The suggested adjustments to the Brazilian code, including considering the net area and correction of the initial shear strength (fvk0), result values close to the modeling results. safety members Canadian American Australian Additionally Finite Element code fvk0, fvk0 fvk , (fvk0) (fvk0 (fvk

Abstract Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a product used in the form of panels that presents as a challenge the simultaneous consideration of the orthogonal arrangement of lamellae with the orthotropic behaviour of wood. In order to evaluate the mechanical behaviour of CLT panels in bending, it is possible to resort to plate theories, numerical and simplified methods. Within this context, this paper proposed to analyse the normal and shear stresses, as well the vertical displacements in a given CLT panel through three plate theories, three simplified methods, Finite Element Method and a proposed analytical method. For the study, a five-layered CLT panel with lamellae thickness of 20 mm, at first, with sides of 3 m. Afterward, parametric variations of the ratio between spans were also stipulated. The structural analysis permitted to obtain the stresses and the vertical displacements for the aforementioned panel. The parametric variations carried out made it possible to verify the sensitivity of the proposed panel in terms of stresses and vertical displacements against variations in the ratio between the panel’s plan dimensions. Crosslaminated Cross laminated (CLT wood bending theories methods context method study fivelayered five layered 2 mm first m Afterward stipulated s dimensions

Resumo Amadeira lamelada colada cruzada (MLCC) é um produto empregado na forma de painéis que apresenta como desafio a consideração conjunta da disposição ortogonal de lamelas com o comportamento ortotrópico da madeira. Para avaliar o comportamento mecânico de painéis de MLCC, em flexão simples, é possível recorrer a teorias de placas, métodos numéricos e simplificados. Dentro desse contexto, este trabalho se propôs a analisar as tensões, normais e de cisalhamento, bem como os deslocamentos verticais em um dado painel de MLCC por meio de três teorias de placas, três métodos simplificados, método dos elementos finitos e um método analítico proposto. Para o estudo, foi considerado um painel de MLCC com cinco camadas de 20 mm de espessura, inicialmente quadrado com lados de 3 m, sendo, posteriormente, realizadas análises paramétricas da razão entre as dimensões em planta. Com as análises estruturais, foi possível a obtenção das tensões, bem como os deslocamentos verticais do referido painel. As análises paramétricas realizadas permitiram averiguar a sensibilidade do painel de MLCC proposto, em termos de tensões e deslocamentos verticais, frente às variações da razão entre as dimensões em planta do painel. (MLCC madeira simples placas simplificados contexto cisalhamento proposto estudo 2 espessura m sendo posteriormente estruturais

Replacing traditional stirrups with high-strength rectangular spiral stirrups can improve the seismic performance of reinforced concrete columns. In order to study the seismic performance of high-strength spiral stirrup confined concrete columns, a validated finite element (FE) method was proposed to establish the FE model of reinforced concrete columns. Combined with the measured data of two existing specimens, parameter analysis was conducted on 19 specimens. The axial compression ratio, shear span ratio, stirrup spacing, and stirrup diameter were variable parameters. Based on a reliable model, internal stress analysis was conducted, and the influence of different variables on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete columns was revealed. The FE results suggest that, when the axial compression ratio is not greater than 0.6, the requirement of ductility greater than 3 in the Chinese Standard GB 50011-2010 can be met. The recommended shear span ratio for optimal ductility was around 4.5. The reinforcement ratio of high-strength spiral stirrups ranges from 1.0% to 2.2%. After completing the simulation of nearly 100 specimens (only calculating the ductility coefficient), a matching relationship between the axial compression ratio limit and the shear span ratio was proposed.

Abstract: Recent applications demonstrated how fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites can improve the structural capabilities of glulam beams, particularly regarding their flexural and shear strength. With the development of precise numerical models, such systems can be optimized. There is currently a dearth of information in the literature on numerical models that can accurately anticipate the nonlinear behavior of low-grade glued laminated timber beams reinforced with FRP. In this study, larch beams were reinforced with carbon fiber reinforced polymer fabric 1, 2 and 3 layers. The effect of the number of floors on the flexural properties of the beams in reinforcement was investigated experimentally and numerically. As a result of the study, the best flexural properties were achieved with 3-layer reinforcement. It was observed that 1- and 2-layer reinforcement compared to the reference beam were also significantly effective. Numerical analyzes gave close values with experimental test results. As a result of comparing the results obtained from the numerical model with the experimental findings, it was concluded that the FRP fabric managed to significantly increase the performance of larch timber. The model is a useful tool for examining the effect of reinforcement coefficient and will be used for optimization of the larch beam

Abstract: Steel fiber reinforced concrete, compared to the conventional concrete; is a composite building material that performs much better in terms of parameters such as ductility, energy absorption capacity, fracture toughness, fatigue resistance, and the use of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) in structures has become widespread. In this study, a nonlinear finite element model (FEM) has been developed that can represent the behavior of beams produced by using steel fiber concrete subjected to impact load. For this purpose, a finite element model of beam series produced with fiber-reinforced concrete obtained from the literature was created. The ABAQUS package program was used to create models simulating the behavior. Numerical results showed that the model could successfully capture the experimental results of beams selected from the literature. In addition to simulation, a parametric study was also performed to investigate the effect of stirrups, reinforcement ratio, and drop height on the behavior of SFRC beams under impact loads. The results of the parametric study showed that increasing the fiber ratio and reinforcement ratio positively affected the behavior of SFRC beams in terms of displacement recovery

Abstract The present work consists of proposing a new design of balloon-expandable aortic valve stent for use in patients with aortic valve stenosis. Finite element simulations were carried out to determine the Von Mises stresses and deformations and thereby select the design parameters of this device, which will allow its manufacturing and proper operation. The symmetrical condition of the stent facilitated the modeling process, as well as the determination of the smallest reduced diameter of the stent, a necessary condition for it to be moved safely within the artery. In this analysis, 316L stainless steel was used, an elastoplastic, isotropic and homogeneous behavior of the material was considered, also varying the thickness and radius of curvature at the ends of the stent sections. Loads were applied at the joints of these sections, obtaining equivalent stresses below the resistance limit of the material and above the elastic limit. The greatest reduction in stent diameter was obtained with a wire thickness of 0.5 mm and a radius of curvature of 0.5 mm. The mean diameter of the open device (22.987 mm) was reduced to 7.65 mm when applying a pressure of 43.8 MPa.

Resumen El presente trabajo consistió en proponer un nuevo diseño de stent valvular aórtico con balón expandible para su uso en pacientes con estenosis valvular aórtica. Se realizaron simulaciones de elementos finitos para determinar las tensiones y deformaciones de Von Mises y con ello seleccionar los parámetros de diseño de este dispositivo, que permitirán su fabricación y adecuado funcionamiento. La condición simétrica del stent facilitó el proceso de modelado, así como la determinación del menor diámetro reducido del stent, condición necesaria para que se traslade con seguridad dentro de la arteria. En este análisis se utilizó acero inoxidable 316L, se consideró un comportamiento elastoplástico, isotrópico y homogéneo del material, variando también el espesor y radio de curvatura en los extremos de las secciones del stent. Se aplicaron cargas en las uniones de estas secciones, obteniendo tensiones equivalentes por debajo del límite de resistencia del material y por encima del límite elástico. La mayor reducción del diámetro del stent se obtuvo con un espesor de alambre de 0,5 mm y un radio de curvatura de 0,5 mm. El diámetro medio del dispositivo abierto (22,987 mm) se redujo a 7,65 mm al aplicar una presión de 43,8 MPa.

Abstract The aim of the work presented was the design of a metal mould for gravity die casting to obtain brake and clutch handles of aluminium alloys for Suzuki AX-100 motorbike. The maximum stresses to which the part is subjected were determined and evaluated by the finite element method, considering the composition of the existing raw materials, highlighting that the part obtained meets the strength requirements. The results of the simulations showed that the strength was sufficient, and so the design of the metal mould was started. For its design, an established methodology was used, with the Fourier-Kirchhoff models for the thermal regime, resulting in its dimensions. In turn, both filling and solidification were simulated by means of casting software, predicting the thermodynamic behavior and the transient phenomena of the fluid during the pouring process. Positive values were obtained for microporosity, Niyama criterion, flow velocity and solid evolution. The results allowed us to ensure that both the design and the operation of the mould guarantee the production of productive and defect-free handles.

Resumen El objetivo del trabajo presentado fue el diseño de un molde metálico de fundición por gravedad, para obtener manillas de freno y embrague, de aleaciones de aluminio, para la moto Suzuki AX-100. Se determinaron los esfuerzos máximos a los que se somete la pieza, además, evaluado por el método de elementos finitos, teniendo en cuenta la composición de las materias primas existentes en una empresa, destacando que la pieza obtenida cumple con los requisitos de resistencia. Los resultados de las simulaciones arrojaron que la resistencia era suficiente, por lo que se pasó al diseño del molde metálico. Para su diseño se empleó una metodología establecida, con los modelos de Fourier-Kirchhoff para el régimen térmico, resultando en las dimensiones de este. A su vez se simuló por medio de software de fundición tanto el llenado como la solidificación, pronosticando los comportamientos termodinámicos y los fenómenos transitorios del fluido durante el proceso de vertido. Se obtuvieron valores positivos para la microporosidad, criterio de Niyama, velocidad del flujo y, evolución del sólido. Los resultados permiten asegurar que tanto el diseño como el funcionamiento del molde garantizan la obtención de manillas de forma productiva y libres de defectos.

Abstract: This paper describes the implementation of a two-dimensional rotating smeared crack model within the framework of a nonlinear finite element analysis code, and its application to the mechanical behavior of the plain concrete. In this work, the formulation of three concrete softening law subjected to fracture Mode-I is adapted, considering infinitesimal strains, static loads and two-dimensional conditions. The rotating smeared crack model and the three softening laws are all implemented in Fortran language, into the open source software for nonlinear finite element analysis HYPLAS. The pre- and post-process for a graphical representation of the mesh and the results are done with GMSH or GiD. Finally, three experimental tests of concrete beams of other authors are simulated. The concentration of the displacement contour lines obtained in the simulation represents the crack patterns in the solid. The relationship between the applied load and the representative displacement in each analysis step describes the mechanical response of the beam. Other computed parameters were the crack opening and the principal stresses in the solid. The numerical results were satisfactory in comparison with the experimental tests.

Resumen: Este artículo describe la implementación de un modelo bidimensional de fisura distribuida rotante en el marco del análisis no-lineal mediante el método de los elementos finitos, y su aplicación al comportamiento mecánico del concreto simple. En este trabajo se adapta la formulación general del modelo de fisura distribuida rotante para tres leyes de ablandamiento del concreto en modo I de fractura, considerando deformaciones infinitesimales, cargas estáticas y estado plano de esfuerzos o de deformaciones. Asimismo, se implementa un modelo constitutivo de fisuración distribuida y tres leyes de ablandamiento en lenguaje Fortran, dentro del programa a código abierto de análisis no-lineal por elementos finitos HYPLAS. El preproceso de mallado del dominio y el postproceso de presentación gráfica de los resultados se realiza con los programas GMSH o GiD. Finalmente, se simulan tres ensayos experimentales de vigas de concreto realizados por otros autores. La concentración de líneas de contorno del desplazamiento obtenidas en la simulación representan el patrón de fisuración en el sólido. Por otro lado, la relación entre la carga aplicada y el desplazamiento representativo en cada paso de análisis describe la respuesta mecánica de la viga. Otras entidades calculadas fueron la apertura de fisura y los esfuerzos principales en el sólido. Los resultados numéricos fueron satisfactorios en comparación con los ensayos experimentales.

Abstract Nowadays, despite the implementation of new wind farms in Brazil, it still is difficult to form partnerships with companies in the sector, which significantly contributes to the gap in information provided by national literature and the lack of knowledge about the mechanical behavior of wind turbines subjected to transient wind effects. Therefore, through a Research and Development Project to optimize and improve modeling in wind systems, the Brazilian electric power company Eletrobras Furnas aims to facilitate the construction of smaller wind turbines to supply energy to regions far from the Brazilian coast that do not have high generation potential due to the incidence of low-speed winds. Two relevant aspects directly linked to the performance of this kind of structures are: (i) determining their natural frequency and (ii) ensuring that this frequency does not coincide with any external vibration frequency that the structure may experience in its lifetime. Wind turbines are complex systems with many degrees of freedom and their own frequencies associated with the respective mode shapes in which they naturally vibrate. These frequencies are inversely related to the mass and directly related to the stiffness of the structure. Thus, through numerical modeling using the Finite Element Method, the present article aims to list some of the main factors that can affect the prediction of the natural frequency of a real-scale wind turbine prototype and to evaluate its dynamic behavior, considering its rotor revolution frequency, its blade passing frequency and the wind characteristics of its operating area. Nowadays Brazil sector effects Therefore lowspeed low speed winds i (i ii (ii lifetime vibrate Thus Method realscale real scale area

Abstract. One of the key features of mechanical seals is to achieve effective sealing between two mechanical parts to prevent displacement and coolant leakage in industrial applications. Currently most of these elements are produced using neoprene, compressed cardboard, tar paper, laminated graphite, so we sought to produce them using ABS and PLA materials. For the design we used CAD software with educational license intended for educators and researchers, then a finite element analysis is performed according to the specifications of the product. In this sense, the importance of FEM as an evaluation tool has been identified in the context of this trend of using innovative technologies for research. As part of the results, the data obtained allow the selection of both variables and physical properties of the connecting rod and can be used to develop projects and studies of this nature applicable in case studies related to mechanical, mechatronic, industrial and electronic engineering. Finally, the variables Factor of Safety (FS), Von Mises Stress (VM) and YZ Stress, are analyzed after simulation by FEM, providing a range of values for use in engineering applications with different techniques in which connecting rods are used, FS [ 0.55, 12.26], VM [1.63, 36.45], YZ [-1.36, 10.13]. As for the other results presented in this study, the correlation coefficient is used as a statistical part with graphs to evaluate the simulation, the dependence of variables and parameters relevant to the case study, so a strong relationship was observed between the variables; plane stress, deformation, displacement and Von Mises stress, whose values range between 0.87 and 0.99, showing a strong relationship between these variables and, for the others, it should be considered to improve the relationship and increase the coefficient.

Resumen. - Una de las características clave de los sellos mecánicos es lograr una estanqueidad efectiva entre dos piezas mecánicas para evitar el desplazamiento y las fugas de refrigerante en aplicaciones industriales. Actualmente la mayoría de estos elementos se producen utilizando neopreno, cartón comprimido, papel alquitranado, grafito laminado, por lo que buscamos producirlos utilizando materiales ABS y PLA. Para el diseño se utilizó software CAD con licencia educativa destinada a educadores e investigadores, posteriormente se realiza un análisis de elementos finitos según las especificaciones del producto. En este sentido, se ha identificado la importancia del FEM como herramienta de evaluación en el contexto de esta tendencia de utilizar tecnologías innovadoras para la investigación. Como parte de los resultados, los datos obtenidos permiten seleccionar tanto las variables como las propiedades físicas de la biela y pueden ser utilizados para desarrollar proyectos y estudios de esta naturaleza aplicables en casos de estudio relacionados con la Ingeniería mecánica, mecatrónica, industrial y electrónica. Finalmente, las variables Factor de Seguridad (FS), Von Mises Stress (VM) y YZ Stress, se analizan después de la simulación mediante FEM, proporcionando un rango de valores para su uso en aplicaciones de ingeniería con diferentes técnicas en las que se utilizan bielas, FS [ 0,55, 12,26], VM [1,63, 36,45], YZ [-1,36, 10,13]. En cuanto a los demás resultados presentados en este estudio, el coeficiente de correlación se utiliza como parte estadística con gráficos para evaluar la simulación, la dependencia de variables y parámetros relevantes para el estudio de caso, por lo que se observó una fuerte relación entre las variables; esfuerzo plano, deformación, desplazamiento y el esfuerzo de Von Mises, cuyos valores oscilan entre 0,87 y 0,99, mostrando una fuerte relación entre estas variables y, para las demás, se debe considerar mejorar la relación y aumentar el coeficiente.

Abstract.- In the automotive industry, arranging wire harnesses in assembly plants requires manual work. The stiffness of the high-voltage cable implies that personnel applies sufficient force on the cable to achieve a proper installation. Sometimes, the applied force is not strong enough; thus, the cable is not properly installed, or the personnel gets injured, raising ergonomic concerns that need attention. The challenges arise from the intrinsic cable characteristics such as diameter, copper type, cable strand quantity, first-layer insulator, cable insulator glue, and protective covering. The primary objective of this research is to examine how various factors, such as cable length and protective covering, impact the mechanical properties that influence the assembly of high-voltage cables. The methodology proposed consisted of characterizing the mechanical properties of the high-voltage cables in a cantilever beam test to measure deflection in response to an applied force. The measured properties were contrasted through a Finite Element Analysis of the high-voltage cable. The results validated the initial hypothesis, revealing two key findings. Firstly, the stiffness of cables varies with increasing length. Secondly, cables with tape exhibit greater stiffness than those with conduit and cables without covering, as detailed in the results section. In conclusion, extending cables without attachment points is recommended until the interfaces and environment permit. Furthermore, minimizing tape for cable protection while exploring alternative safeguards can enhance stiffness and facilitate an ergonomic installation assembly under favorable conditions. This study contributes valuable insights for optimizing high-voltage cable installation processes in assembly plants, addressing stiffness concerns through informed choices and design considerations.

Resumen.- En la industria automovilística, la instalación de arneses y cables automotrices en las plantas de ensamble requiere mucho trabajo manual. La rigidez del cable de alto voltaje implica que el personal aplique fuerza suficiente sobre el cable para lograr una instalación adecuada. En ocasiones, la fuerza aplicada no es lo suficientemente fuerte; por lo tanto, el cable no está instalado correctamente o el personal resulta lesionado, lo que genera preocupaciones ergonómicas que requieren atención. Los desafíos surgen de las características intrínsecas del cable, como el diámetro, el tipo de cobre, la cantidad de hilos del cable, el aislante de la primera capa, el pegamento del aislante del cable y el revestimiento protector. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es examinar cómo diversos factores, como la longitud del cable y el revestimiento protector, impactan las propiedades mecánicas que influyen en el ensamblaje de cables de alto voltaje. La metodología propuesta consistió en caracterizar las propiedades mecánicas de los cables de alta tensión en un ensayo de viga en voladizo para medir la deflexión en respuesta a una fuerza aplicada. Las propiedades medidas se contrastaron mediante un análisis de elementos finitos del cable de alta tensión. Los resultados validaron la hipótesis inicial y revelaron dos hallazgos clave. En primer lugar, la rigidez de los cables varía según aumenta su longitud. En segundo lugar, los cables con cinta exhiben una mayor rigidez que aquellos con conductos y cables sin revestimiento, como se detalla en la sección de resultados. En conclusión, se recomienda extender los cables sin puntos de conexión hasta que las interfaces y el entorno lo permitan. Además, minimizar la cinta para protección de cables mientras se exploran salvaguardas alternativas puede mejorar la rigidez y facilitar un conjunto de instalación ergonómico en condiciones favorables. Este estudio aporta información valiosa para optimizar los procesos de instalación de cables de alta tensión en plantas de ensamblaje, abordando los problemas de rigidez a través de elecciones informadas y consideraciones de diseño.

Abstract This work aims the assessment of the dynamic structural response of reinforced concrete floors subjected to rhythmic human activities, based on the use of biodynamic models, in order to consider the people-structure interaction effect. Initially, an experimental modal analysis on the investigated floor , with dimensions of 16m x 35m, was performed, in order to identify and assess the global dynamic behaviour of the structure. In sequence, a finite element model was developed and calibrated through experimental results. After that, based on forced vibration analyses, the floor dynamic response was determined (displacements and accelerations). It is concluded that the biodynamic systems modelling induced significant attenuations on the structural response when compared to those calculated based on the use of traditional “only force” models. activities models peoplestructure people structure effect Initially m 35m performed sequence results analyses displacements accelerations. accelerations . accelerations) only force

Resumo Este trabalho tem como objetivo a avaliação da resposta dinâmica de pisos de concreto armado submetidos a atividades humanas rítmicas, com base no uso de sistemas biodinâmicos, a fim de analisar o efeito de interação pessoa-estrutura. Inicialmente, realizou-se uma análise modal experimental sobre o piso investigado, com dimensões de 16m x 35m, visando identificar e avaliar o comportamento dinâmico global da estrutura. Em seguida, um modelo de elementos finitos foi desenvolvido e calibrado com base nos resultados experimentais. Posteriormente, a partir das análises de vibração forçada, a resposta dinâmica do piso foi determinada (deslocamentos e acelerações). Conclui-se que a modelagem dos sistemas biodinâmicos induziu atenuações significativas sobre a resposta estrutural quando comparadas àquelas calculadas via utilização de modelos tradicionais de força-rítmica. rítmicas pessoaestrutura. pessoaestrutura pessoa estrutura pessoa-estrutura Inicialmente realizouse realizou se investigado m 35m seguida experimentais Posteriormente forçada deslocamentos acelerações. acelerações . acelerações) Concluise Conclui forçarítmica. forçarítmica força rítmica. rítmica força-rítmica

Abstract Composite structures and precast solutions stand out because they lead to simple, fast erected and economic constructions. In steel-concrete composite construction, shear connectors are used to assure the shear transfer between the steel profile and the concrete slab, enabling the composite action to develop. This paper discusses an innovative technology for connection by adherence, whose resistance is due to friction on various steel-concrete interfaces. The authors consider that this type of shear connection is suitable for composite beams with latticed joists slabs, and the study developed intends to analyze the behavior of the proposed connection, in this application's context, through experimental and numerical approaches. For this purpose, push-out specimens were fabricated and tested in accordance with Eurocode-4 requirements, where the connection behavior is analyzed in terms of its load-slip relation, and the failure modes are identified. Experimental and numerical results allowed to induce that the connector by adherence made with a checkered steel plate is appropriate to be used in composite structures, as it exhibits satisfactory shear resistance and ductility performance. Also, specimens with latticed joist slabs presented average load capacity values with the same magnitude as the average load capacity obtained in models with solid slabs, despite being more prone to cracking. From the parametric study, an increase of 100% in the connector height implied strength increase from 16% to 25%, depending on slab type. simple constructions steelconcrete construction develop interfaces applications application s context approaches purpose pushout push Eurocode4 Eurocode 4 Eurocode- requirements loadslip slip relation identified performance Also cracking 100 16 25 25% 10 1 2

Resumo As estruturas mistas e as soluções pré-moldadas se destacam por possibilitarem construções simples, rápidas e econômicas. Em construções mistas de aço-concreto, são utilizados conectores de cisalhamento para garantir a transferência de cisalhamento entre o perfil de aço e a laje de concreto, permitindo o desenvolvimento da ação mista. Este trabalho aborda uma tecnologia inovadora de ligação por aderência, cuja resistência se dá por atrito em diversas interfaces aço-concreto. Os autores consideram que este tipo de ligação é adequado para vigas mistas com lajes treliçadas, e o estudo desenvolvido pretende analisar o comportamento da ligação proposta, no contexto desta aplicação, através de abordagens experimentais e numéricas. Para atingir os objetivos propostos, corpos-de-prova de push-out foram produzidos e ensaiados de acordo com os requisitos do Eurocode-4, onde o comportamento da ligação foi analisado em termos da sua relação carga-escorregamento e foram identificados os modos de falha. Resultados experimentais e numéricos permitiram induzir que o conector por aderência produzido com chapa de aço do tipo xadrez é adequado para ser utilizado em estruturas mistas, pois apresenta desempenho satisfatório de resistência ao cisalhamento e ductilidade. Além disso, os corpos-de-prova com lajes treliçadas apresentaram valores médios de capacidade de carga com a mesma magnitude que a média de capacidade de carga obtida em modelos com lajes maciças, apesar de serem mais propensos à fissuração. Pelo estudo paramétrico, um aumento de 100% na altura do conector implicou ganho de resistência de 16% a 25%, dependendo do tipo de laje. prémoldadas pré moldadas simples econômicas açoconcreto, açoconcreto concreto aço-concreto mista açoconcreto. concreto. proposta aplicação numéricas propostos corposdeprova corpos prova pushout push out Eurocode4, Eurocode4 Eurocode 4, 4 Eurocode-4 cargaescorregamento escorregamento falha ductilidade disso maciças fissuração paramétrico 100 16 25 25% Eurocode- 10 1 2

Abstract This paper presents a reliability analysis of the punching shear of flat slabs without shear reinforcement. The evaluation is performed for the codes ACI 318, Eurocode 2, Model Code 2010, and ABNT NBR 6118:2014. Six models were used for predicting the punching strength, the design models, the Critical Shear Crack Theory (CSCT), and a Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis (NLFEA) model. Reliability analysis was performed to evaluate the safety level of code provisions. Design code provisions were evaluated in terms of sufficient reliability criteria based on target reliability β=3.8. This target reliability was based in the Model Code 2010 criteria. This criterion represents an acceptable value level of safety in design of structures. The results showed that the reliability indexes β presented satisfactory for all slabs designed by the Model Code 2010. However, this paper also shows some of the tested slabs presented reliability index below 3.0, being the ACI 318 the code with the lowest reliability index. reinforcement 2 61182014. 61182014 6118 2014. 2014 6118:2014 strength CSCT, CSCT , (CSCT) NLFEA (NLFEA model β38 3 8 β=3.8 201 structures However 30 0 3.0 31 6118201 611 6118:201 (CSCT β3 β=3. 20 3. 611820 61 6118:20 β=3 61182 6 6118:2 β= 6118:

Resumo Este artigo apresenta a análise de confiabilidade do dimensionamento à punção de lajes lisas sem armadura de cisalhamento. A pesquisa avaliou a confiabilidade obtida pela norma ACI 318, Eurocode 2, Código Modelo 2010 e pela norma brasileira ABNT NBR 6118:2014. Para a estimativa da resistência à punção seis modelos foram estudados, os modelos das normas, a Teoria da Fissura Crítica de Cisalhamento (TFCC) e um modelo não-linear em elementos finitos. A avaliação da confiabilidade foi realizada para avaliar o nível de segurança das prescrições normativas. Para isso, o critério utilizado é baseado na comparação dos índices de confiabilidade β com o índice de confiabilidade alvo, estipulado em 3,8, conforme critério do Código Modelo 2010. Esse critério representa um valor aceitável no nível de segurança do dimensionamento da estrutura. Os resultados obtidos a partir dessa metodologia mostrou que o Código Modelo 2010 é a norma que apresenta os índices mais elevados de confiabilidade. Por outro lado, a norma ACI 318 apresentou os menores índices de confiabilidade, alcançando índices de confiabilidade menores que 3,0. cisalhamento 2 201 61182014. 61182014 6118 2014. 2014 6118:2014 estudados normas TFCC (TFCC nãolinear não linear finitos normativas isso alvo 38 3 8 3,8 estrutura lado 31 30 0 3,0 20 6118201 611 6118:201 3, 611820 61 6118:20 61182 6 6118:2 6118: