Abstract Introduction: There is a close relationship between mental health and eating styles. Mental health indicators such as anxious and depressive symptomatology have reported direct effects on eating styles that promote excess malnutrition such as emotional or restrictive eating. The aim was to analyze the effect of anxious and depressive symptomatology on eating styles in women and men from northern and central Chile. Method: Nine hundred and ten adults living in northern and central Chile participated in the study. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were administered. The analysis of the global model of the relationship between variables was carried out using structural equation modeling. Results: The structural model presented adequate goodness-of-fit indicators, anxious symptomatology had a direct and significant effect on emotional eating, external eating and restrictive eating. On the other hand, depressive symptomatology, did not present significant effects on any eating style. Conclusions: As anxiety levels increase, levels of all eating styles increase. Depression, could interact mediating the relationship by the emotional context that generates the depressive symptomatology.

Resumen Antecedentes: existe una estrecha relación entre salud mental y estilos de alimentación. Indicadores de salud mental como sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva han reportado efectos directos sobre estilos de alimentación que promueven la malnutrición por exceso como la alimentación emocional o restrictiva. Se analizó el efecto de la sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva sobre los estilos de alimentación en mujeres y hombres del norte y centro de Chile. Método: participaron 910 adultos residentes en el norte y centro de Chile; se aplicó el Cuestionario Holandés de Conducta Alimentaria (DEBQ), así como el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI) y el Inventario de Depresión de Beck-II (BDI-II). El análisis del modelo global de la relación entre variables se realizó mediante modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Resultados: el modelo global presentó adecuados indicadores de bondad de ajuste; la sintomatología ansiosa tuvo un efecto directo y significativo sobre la alimentación emocional, alimentación externa y alimentación restrictiva. Por su parte, la sintomatología depresiva no presentó efectos significativos sobre ningún estilo de alimentación. Conclusiones: a medida que aumentan los niveles de ansiedad, aumentan los niveles de todos los estilos de alimentación. La depresión podría interactuar mediando la relación por el contexto emocional que genera la sintomatología depresiva.

Abstract Introduction: The pelagic sea snake Hydrophis platurus has the broadest distributional range of all the snakes and is the only sea snake of tropical waters off the west coast of the Americas. Within the variation in the color pattern of this species, completely yellow specimens were considered very rare or occasional. However, a yellow pattern dominates a population established in the interior of the Golfo Dulce in the Southern Pacific of Costa Rica. Objective: We studied the abundance, activity patterns, morphometry, and feeding behavior of the yellow H. platurus within the Golfo Dulce. Methods: Between February 2009 and July 2018, we conducted surveys for sea snakes from a boat within the perimeter of the Golfo Dulce. Results: Adults from the gulf population are smaller than the bicolor oceanic population, with females having larger bodies. Sea snakes within the gulf float and move with surface currents without being linked to drift lines and debris. These snakes are mainly found in clean, calm waters with little turbulence. They feed on a wide diversity of small fish, which they capture using passive stalking predatory behaviors floating on the surface. Prey are quickly captured and swallowed alive. This species has an almost total absence of predation, a pattern that extends to this yellow population. Conclusions: The characteristics of the gulf and the direction and strength of the surface currents at its entrance might restrict the transit of this yellow population to the outside and the entry of the bicolored snakes of the oceanic population. We do not consider making taxonomic changes in this Golfo Dulce population prudent. This yellow population is relatively common within the basin. However, the high tourist traffic and other activities are risk factors for its conservation. Protection policies must be created to preserve and protect this small population of yellow sea snakes unique within this species’ distribution range.

Resumen Introducción: La serpiente marina pelágica Hydrophis platurus tiene el rango de distribución más amplio de todas las serpientes y es la única serpiente marina de aguas tropicales del oeste de América. Dentro de la variación en el patrón de color de esta especie, los ejemplares completamente amarillos se consideraban muy raros u ocasionales. Sin embargo, los patrones amarillos dominan una población establecida en el interior del Golfo Dulce en el Pacífico sur de Costa Rica. Objetivo: Monitoreamos y estudiamos la abundancia, patrones de actividad, morfometría y comportamiento alimentario del H. platurus amarillo dentro del Golfo Dulce. Métodos: Entre febrero 2009 y julio 2018, realizamos búsquedas mensuales de serpientes marinas desde una embarcación dentro del perímetro del Golfo Dulce. Resultados: Los adultos de la población de golfo son más pequeños que la población oceánica bicolor, con las hembras de cuerpos más grandes. Las serpientes del Golfo Dulce flotan y se mueven con las corrientes superficiales sin asociarse con líneas de deriva y escombros. Las serpientes se encuentran principalmente en aguas limpias y tranquilas con poca turbulencia. La dieta se compone de una amplia diversidad de peces pequeños, que capturan con un comportamiento depredador de acecho pasivo, flotando en la superficie. La presa es rápidamente capturada y tragada viva. Esta especie tiene una ausencia casi total de depredación, patrón que se extiende a esta población amarilla. Conclusiones: Las características del golfo y la dirección y fuerza de las corrientes superficiales en su entrada podrían restringir el tránsito de esta población amarilla hacia el exterior y el ingreso de las serpientes bicolores de la población oceánica. No consideramos prudente realizar cambios taxonómicos en esta población. La población amarilla es relativamente abundante dentro de la cuenca. Sin embargo, el alto tráfico turístico y otras actividades son factores de riesgo para su conservación. Políticas de protección deben crearse para preservar y proteger esta pequeña población de serpientes marinas amarillas, única dentro del rango de distribución de esta especie.

ABSTRACT Objective. To determine the feeding behavior of Aedes aegypti in dengue outbreaks in two rural areas of Peru during the Yaku cyclone and El Niño phenomenon of 2023. Material and methods. Eight blood samples (8 pools) were obtained from the abdomen of 80 Aedes aegypti specimens captured in the rural districts of Querecotillo and Marcavelica during the Yaku cyclone and El Niño dengue outbreaks. DNA was extracted from the analyzed samples, then a PCR was directed at the CytB gene as a genetic marker and the PCR products were enzymatically digested with the restrictases Hae III and Mwo I. The PCR-RFLP products were visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis at 4%. Results. DNA was obtained from all samples and a 358 bp amplicon was obtained as a PCR product. Likewise, the only RFLP found in Hae III was from Homo sapiens sapiens (233 and 125 bp). RFLP was not found in Hae III of Gallus gallus and RFLP in Mwo I of Canis familiaris and Mus musculus. Conclusion. Aedes aegypti showed conserved anthropophilic feeding behavior in dengue outbreaks in rural areas during the Yaku cyclone and El Niño.

RESUMEN Objetivos. Determinar la alimentación del Aedes aegypti en brotes de dengue de dos zonas rurales del Perú durante el ciclón Yaku y El Niño Global del 2023. Material y métodos. Se analizaron ocho muestras de sangre (8 pooles) obtenidas del abdomen de 80 especímenes Aedes aegypti capturados en los distritos rurales de Querecotillo y Marcavelica durante brotes de dengue acontecidos en el ciclón Yaku y en El Niño Global. Se extrajo ADN de las muestras analizadas, se llevó a cabo una PCR dirigida al gen CytB como marcador genético y los productos PCR fueron digeridos enzimáticamente con las restrictasas Hae III y Mwo I. Los productos PCR-RFLP fueron visualizados por electroforesis en gel de agarosa al 4%. Resultados. Se obtuvo ADN de todas las muestras y como producto PCR un amplicón de 358 pb. Así mismo, el único RFLP en Hae III observado fue el de Homo sapiens sapiens (233 y 125 pb). No se observó RFLP en Hae III de Gallus gallus y RFLP en Mwo I de Canis familiaris y Mus musculus. Conclusión. En brotes de dengue de zonas rurales, durante el ciclón Yaku y en El Niño Global, el Aedes aegypti presentó un comportamiento alimenticio antropofílico conservado.

Abstract Honey is a natural sweetener with importante health benefits. As it has been widely recommended as a substitute of sucrose, it could be perceived as highly safe and healthy. However, it is still unknown what are the metabolic effects when honey is ingested freely and uncontrolled. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of ad libitum access to sweet solutions in hyperglycemic induced rats on the biochemical, anthropometric and feeding pattern of intake. Male wistar rats were assigned to three experimental groups (n=10) with exposure to sucrose solution (SS), honey solution (HS) and fructose/glucose solution (GFS) at 10% along 6 continuous weeks. Fluid intake from solution was lower in HS group (p < 0.05), however, the grams of sweetener ingested from the solution were similar among groups. Solution consumption showed an increasing pattern in HS and GFS groups, leading to an escalating intake and binge drinking. Honey solution intake was highly correlated with glucose (r= 0.87, p=0.001) and total cholesterol (r= 0.74, p=0.013) levels. The serum levels of glucose (322±186 mg/dL), total cholesterol (81.1±22.8 mg/dL), HDL (48.3±15.5 mg/dL), VLDL (31.3±12.4 mg/dL) and triglycerides (156±62.2 mg/dL), were higher in HS group. The ad libitum ingestion protocol led to a high and sustained consumption of honey, exceeding four times the recommended intake of free sugars. This ingestive behavior resulted in deleterious effects in the experimental animals. Therefore, these findings should be taken into account when recommending honey consumption, as it may be perceived as a highly safe and healthy option, potentially leading to addictive behavior similar to that observed with sucrose intake.

Resumen La miel es un edulcorante natural con importantes beneficios para la salud. Como ha sido ampliamente recomendada como sustituto de la sacarosa, podría considerarse altamente segura y saludable. Sin embargo, no hay evidencia que informe cuáles son los efectos metabólicos cuando la miel se ingiere libremente y sin control. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar los efectos del acceso ad libitum a soluciones dulces en ratas con hiperglucemia inducida sobre el patrón de ingesta alimentario, valores bioquímicos y antropométricos. Se asignaron ratas wistar macho a tres grupos experimentales (n=10) con exposición a solución de sacarosa (SS), solución de miel (HS) y solución de fructosa/glucosa (GFS) al 10% durante 6 semanas continuas. La ingesta de líquidos de la solución fue menor en el grupo HS (p < 0.05), sin embargo, los gramos de edulcorante ingeridos de la solución fueron similares entre los grupos. El consumo de soluciones mostró un patrón creciente en los grupos HS y GFS, lo que llevó a una ingesta escalonada y de atracón. La ingesta de solución de miel estuvo altamente correlacionada con los niveles de glucosa (r= 0.872, p=0.00) y colesterol total (r= 0.742, p=0.01). Los niveles sericos de glucosa (322±186 mg/dL), colesterol total (81.1±22.8 mg/dL), HDL (48.3±15.5 mg/dL), VLDL (31.3±12.4 mg/dL) y triglicíridos (156±62.2 mg/dL fueron mayores en el grupo HS. El protocolo de ingestión ad libitum resultó en un consumo elevado y mantenido de miel que excedía cuatro veces la ingesta recomendada de azúcares libres. Esta conducta ingestiva causó efectos nocivos en los animales de experimentación. Por ello, estos hallazgos deben ser considerados al recomendar la ingesta de miel, ya que podría percibirse como altamente segura y saludable provocando una conducta adictiva similar a la observada con la ingesta de sacarosa.

ABSTRACT The intensification of cattle post-weaning phase in tropical pastures depends on supplementation strategies. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of increasing levels of concentrate supplement on the intake, apparent digestibility of nutrients, feeding behavior, and performance of Girolando steers on tropical pasture during the post-weaning phase in the rainy season. Forty uncastrated male Girolando steers, initially weighing 266.62 ± 32.95 kg and aged 11 mo, were allocated into four concentrate supplement levels: 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5% body weight. The steers grazed on Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster ‘Marandu’ pasture. The intakes of supplement DM, non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), and total digestible nutrients increased linearly (P < 0.05) with the level of supplement offered to the steers. In a similar response, the apparent digestibility of DM and NFC from the diet also rose linearly (P < 0.05). Grazing time, total feeding time, and total chewing time decreased (P < 0.05) with the increasing levels of concentrate supplementation. In contrast, the time expended on feeding at the trough, biting rate, and the time taken to ruminate each cud increased (P < 0.05) with the supplementation level. Final body weight and average daily gain increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing concentrate supplementation. We recommend supplying concentrate supplement at a level of 0.5% of the body weight of steers on tropical pasture during the post-weaning phase in the rainy season.

RESUMEN Introducción: la lactancia materna exclusiva es fundamental para el desarrollo del bebé en los primeros meses de vida. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, se ha observado una preocupante disminución en esta práctica. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento de la lactancia materna exclusiva y su relación con la edad, ocupación y nivel de conocimiento de las madres. Métodos: estudio descriptivo observacional, transversal, población de 174 madres, de las cuales se seleccionó una muestra de 148, mediante muestreo probabilístico por cuotas, eligiéndose participantes aleatoriamente bajo criterios de inclusión y exclusión, en el último trimestre del 2022 en dos áreas de salud del municipio Holguín. Resultados: el 47 % de las madres dejaron de amamantar su hijo de forma exclusiva en los tres primeros meses de edad, el 26 % a los cinco meses y el 27 % lo mantienen por un tiempo mayor a seis meses, el grupo más representativo en el estudio son las madres entre los 20 y 30 años edad, predominan las que trabajan y predominan en un 90,5 % el conocimiento sobre el tema de lactancia materna exclusiva, no demostrándose relación significativa entre estas variables. La hipogalactia fue la razón principal del abandono precoz de la lactancia materna exclusiva. Conclusiones: la duración de la lactancia materna exclusiva se encuentra por debajo de las recomendaciones de la OMS, el abandono de esta práctica está asociado a no tener suficiente leche, a la incorporación al trabajo o escuela y que el niño no aumenta de peso.

ABSTRACT Introduction: exclusive breastfeeding is essential for the development of the baby in the first months of life. However, in recent years, a worrying decrease in this practice has been observed. Objective: to describe the behavior of exclusive breastfeeding and its relationship with mothers' age, occupation and level of knowledge. Methods: observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study, population of 174 mothers, from which a sample of 148 was selected, by means of probabilistic sampling by quotas, choosing participants randomly under inclusion and exclusion criteria, in the last quarter of 2022 in two health areas of Holguin municipality. Results: 47 % of the mothers stopped breastfeeding their child exclusively in the first three months of age, 26 % at five months and 27 % maintain it for more than six months, the most representative group in the study are mothers between 20 and 30 years of age, predominantly those who work and 90,5 % of them have knowledge on the subject of exclusive breastfeeding, not showing a significant relationship between these variables. Hypogalactia was the main reason for early abandonment of exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusions: the duration of exclusive breastfeeding is below WHO recommendations, the abandonment of this practice is associated to not having enough milk, to the incorporation to work or school and that the child is not able to breastfeed exclusively.

Abstract The high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in firefighters is of great concern, since cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of illness and death in this population. The aim of this study was to describe and analyze cardiorespiratory capacity, dietary habits, and body fat percentage in Chilean firefighters. Sixty-five firefighters were recruited and a non-experimental approach of observational and analytical design was used. A cycloergometer exercise test and indirect calorimetry were used to measure maximum oxygen consumption [VO2max] as an indicator of cardiorespiratory capacity, a survey of dietary habits, and bioimpedance to determine the percentage of body fat mass. The mean VO2max was 26,60 ml kg-1min-1 [SD: 6,51]. 83,1% of the participants had excess malnutrition, and 78,5% had excess fat mass. A significant negative relationship was found between VO2max and BMI [rs = -0,468, p<0,001] and body fat percentage [rs = -0,640, p<0,001]. The cardiorespiratory capacity of 89,2% of the subjects was classified as “poor” or “very poor”. According to the results obtained and the available evidence, the projection of this study would be the search for protocols that protect aspects of preventive health and maintenance in Chilean firefighters.

Resumen La alta prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en bomberos es de gran preocupación, debido a que las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la principal causa de enfermedad y muerte en esta población. El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir y analizar la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria, hábitos alimentarios y porcentaje de grasa corporal de bomberos chilenos. Fueron reclutados 65 bomberos y se utilizó un enfoque no experimental de diseño observacional y analítico. Se empleó una prueba de ejercicio en cicloergómetro y calorimetría indirecta para medir el consumo máximo de oxígeno [VO2máx] como indicador de la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria, encuesta para los hábitos alimentarios, y bioimpedancia para determinar el porcentaje de masa grasa corporal. El VO2máx promedio fue de 26,60 ml kg-1min-1 [DE: 6,51]. El 83,1% de los participantes presentaban malnutrición por exceso, y el 78,5% tenían exceso de masa grasa. Se encontró una relación negativa significativa entre el VO2máx e IMC [rs = -0,468, p<0,001] y el porcentaje de grasa corporal [rs = -0,640, p<0,001]. El 89,2 % de los sujetos tuvo una capacidad cardiorrespiratoria clasificada como “pobre” o “muy pobre”. Según los resultados obtenidos y la evidencia disponible, la proyección del presente estudio sería la búsqueda de protocolos que resguarden aspectos de salud preventiva y mantención en bomberos chilenos.

Abstract The consumption of ultra-processed foods has increased globally in recent years. The percentage of calories from these foods is directly associated with the risk of non-communicable chronic diseases. The objective is to evaluate the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) among teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2020 in Minas Gerais via digital form. Prevalence ratios between UPF consumption, demographic characteristics, working conditions, lifestyle and health were estimated using Poisson regression. Of the 15,641 teachers, the UPF increase was 27.6%, 28.1% women and 25.6% men. There was a higher prevalence among young women (PR=2.46), without children (PR=1.15), who worked more (PR=1.22), dissatisfied at work (PR=1.25), sedentary (PR=1.25 =1.25), with insomnia (PR=1.57) and overweight (PR=1.12). As for men, there was a higher prevalence among those who were young (PR=1.91), dissatisfied at work (PR=1.40), sedentary (PR=1.17) and insomnia (PR=78). Therefore, it is concluded that there was an increase in UPF consumption.

Resumen El consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados ha aumentado a nivel mundial en los últimos años. El porcentaje de calorías de estos alimentos está directamente asociado con el riesgo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. El objetivo es evaluar el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados (UPF) entre docentes durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Se trata de un estudio transversal realizado en 2020 en Minas Gerais a través de formulario digital. Los índices de prevalencia entre el consumo de UPF, las características demográficas, las condiciones de trabajo, el estilo de vida y la salud se estimaron mediante regresión de Poisson. De los 15.641 docentes, el incremento de la UPF fue del 27,6%, el 28,1% mujeres y el 25,6% hombres. Hubo mayor prevalencia entre las mujeres jóvenes (RP=2,46), sin hijos (RP=1,15), que trabajaban más (RP=1,22), insatisfechas en el trabajo (RP=1,25), sedentarias (RP=1,25=1,25), con insomnio (RP=1,57) y sobrepeso (RP=1,12). En cuanto a los hombres, hubo mayor prevalencia entre los que eran jóvenes (RP=1,91), insatisfechos en el trabajo (RP=1,40), sedentarios (RP=1,17) e insomnes (RP=78). Por tanto, se concluye que hubo un aumento en el consumo de UPF.

Resumo Na região Centro-Oeste, estão presentes o Cerrado e Pantanal, locais com diversidade de fauna e flora e alto potencial de exploração. Os frutos nativos têm sabores característicos, valor nutricional significativo e compostos de grande relevância biotecnológica. Alguns frutos nativos e produtos confeccionados são comercializados em feiras livres, nas margens das rodovias, nas centrais de abastecimento e em redes de supermercados. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o conhecimento e o perfil de consumo de frutos nativos do Cerrado e do Pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) pela população. Este estudo foi do tipo exploratório, com delineamento amostral não probabilístico e amostragem por conveniência. Foi utilizado um questionário on-line com perguntas para caracterização da amostra, referentes ao conhecimento, à experiência, à forma de consumo e ao local de obtenção de 12 frutos nativos do Cerrado e Pantanal, sendo eles: pequi, bocaiuva, mangaba, cagaita, baru, murici, mama-cadela, buriti, araticum e guabiroba. Entre as 616 respostas válidas, a amostra, em sua maioria, foi composta por adultos (92,29%), do gênero feminino (79,06%), renda mensal de até 5 salários mínimos (74,72%), com ensino superior completo (45,94%), nascidos (42,53%) e residentes (53,90%) em MS. O fruto mais conhecido e mais experimentado foi o pequi, enquanto a mama-cadela foi o menos conhecido e experimentado. A principal forma de consumo citada foi “in natura”, e a principal forma de obtenção foi “Do próprio Cerrado/Pantanal”. Os participantes apresentaram conhecimento moderado e um baixo consumo dos frutos nativos do Cerrado e do Pantanal de MS. Assim, destaca-se a importância de valorizar práticas alimentares regionais como forma de fortalecer a cultura local e fomentar o consumo de frutos nativos, ampliando sua divulgação para a população. CentroOeste, CentroOeste Centro Oeste, Oeste Centro-Oeste exploração característicos biotecnológica livres rodovias supermercados Assim MS (MS população exploratório conveniência online on line amostra experiência 1 eles pequi bocaiuva mangaba cagaita baru murici mamacadela, mamacadela mama cadela, cadela buriti guabiroba 61 válidas maioria 92,29%, 9229 92,29% , 92 29 (92,29%) 79,06%, 7906 79,06% 79 06 (79,06%) 74,72%, 7472 74,72% 74 72 (74,72%) 45,94%, 4594 45,94% 45 94 (45,94%) 42,53% 4253 42 53 (42,53% 53,90% 5390 90 (53,90% in natura, natura natura” Do Cerrado/Pantanal. CerradoPantanal Cerrado/Pantanal . Cerrado/Pantanal” destacase destaca se 6 922 92,29 9 2 (92,29% 790 79,06 7 0 (79,06% 747 74,72 (74,72% 459 45,94 4 (45,94% 42,53 425 (42,53 53,90 539 (53,90 92,2 (92,29 79,0 (79,06 74,7 (74,72 45,9 (45,94 42,5 (42,5 53,9 (53,9 92, (92,2 79, (79,0 74, (74,7 45, (45,9 42, (42, 53, (53, (92, (79, (74, (45, (42 (53 (92 (79 (74 (45 (4 (5 (9 (7 (

Abstract The Cerrado and Pantanal are present in the Midwest region, regions with a diversity of fauna and flora and high potential for exploration. The native fruits have characteristic flavors, significant nutritional value and compounds of great biotechnological relevance. Some native fruits and manufactured products are sold at open markets, along highways, at supply centers and at supermarket chains. Thus, this study aimed to verify the knowledge and consumption profile of native fruits from the Cerrado and Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) by the population. This study was exploratory, with a non-probabilistic sampling design and convenience sampling. An online questionnaire was used containing questions to characterize the sample and refering to knowing, tasting, form of consumption and place of obtaining 12 native fruits of the Cerrado and Pantanal, namely: pequi, bocaiuva, mangaba, cagaita, baru, murici, mama-cadela, buriti, araticum and guabiroba. Among the 616 valid answers, the sample was mostly composed of adults (92.29%), female (79.06%), monthly income of up to 5 minimal wages (74.72%), with complete higher education (45.94%), born (42.53%) and residents (53.90%) of MS. The best known and most tried fruit was the pequi, while the mama-chada was the least known and tried. The main form of consumption mentioned was “in natura” and the main form of obtaining was “From the Cerrado/Pantanal itself”. Participants presented moderate knowledge and a low consumption of native fruits from the Cerrado and Pantanal of MS. Thus, the importance of valuing regional food practices is highlighted as a way to increase local culture and encourage the consumption of native fruits, expanding their dissemination to the population. region exploration flavors relevance markets highways chains Thus MS (MS population exploratory nonprobabilistic non probabilistic knowing tasting 1 namely pequi bocaiuva mangaba cagaita baru murici mamacadela, mamacadela mama cadela, cadela mama-cadela buriti guabiroba 61 answers 92.29%, 9229 92.29% , 92 29 (92.29%) 79.06%, 7906 79.06% 79 06 (79.06%) 74.72%, 7472 74.72% 74 72 (74.72%) 45.94%, 4594 45.94% 45 94 (45.94%) 42.53% 4253 42 53 (42.53% 53.90% 5390 90 (53.90% mamachada chada natura From CerradoPantanal itself. itself . itself” 6 922 92.29 9 2 (92.29% 790 79.06 7 0 (79.06% 747 74.72 (74.72% 459 45.94 4 (45.94% 42.53 425 (42.53 53.90 539 (53.90 92.2 (92.29 79.0 (79.06 74.7 (74.72 45.9 (45.94 42.5 (42.5 53.9 (53.9 92. (92.2 79. (79.0 74. (74.7 45. (45.9 42. (42. 53. (53. (92. (79. (74. (45. (42 (53 (92 (79 (74 (45 (4 (5 (9 (7 (

Resumen En la región Centro-oeste estan presentes el Cerrado y e Pantanal, regiones con diversidad de fauna y flora con alto potencial de exploración. Los frutos nativos poseen sabores característicos, valor nutricional significativo y compuestos de gran relevancia biotecnológica. Algunos frutos nativos y productos confeccionados se comercializan en ferias libres, en las margenes de las carreteras, en las centrales de abastecimiento y en redes de supermercados. Así, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo verificar el conocimiento y el perfil de consumo de frutos nativos del Cerrado y del Pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) por la populación. Este ensayo fue del tipo exploratorio, con delineamiento muestral no probabilístico y muestra por conveniencia. Fue utilizado un cuestionario on-line con preguntas para caracterización de la muestra y referentes a conecer, experimentar, forma de consumo y local de obtención de 12 frutos nativos del Cerrado y Pantanal, siendo ellos: pequi, bocaiuva, mangaba, cagaita, baru, murici, mama-cadela, buriti, araticum y guabiroba. Entre las 616 respuestas válidas, la muestra, en su mayoría, fue compuesta por adultos (92,29%), del género femenino (79,06%), ingreso mensual hasta 5 salarios mínimos (74,72%), con educación superior completa (45,94%), nacidos (42,53%) y residentes (53,90%) en MS. El fruto más conocido y más probado fue el pequi, mientras la mama-cadela fue el menos conocido y probado. La principal forma del consumo citada fue “in natura” y la principal forma de obtención fue “Del propio Cerrado/Pantanal”. Los participantes presentaron conocimiento moderado y un bajo consumo de los frutos nativos del Cerrado y Pantanal del MS. Así se destaca la importancia de valorizar praticas alimentares regionales como forma de fortalecer la cultura local y fomentar el consumo de frutos nativos ampliando la divulgación para la populación. Centrooeste Centro oeste exploración característicos biotecnológica libres carreteras supermercados MS (MS populación exploratorio conveniencia online on line conecer experimentar 1 ellos pequi bocaiuva mangaba cagaita baru murici mamacadela, mamacadela mama cadela, cadela buriti guabiroba 61 válidas mayoría 92,29%, 9229 92,29% , 92 29 (92,29%) 79,06%, 7906 79,06% 79 06 (79,06%) 74,72%, 7472 74,72% 74 72 (74,72%) 45,94%, 4594 45,94% 45 94 (45,94%) 42,53% 4253 42 53 (42,53% 53,90% 5390 90 (53,90% in natura Del Cerrado/Pantanal. CerradoPantanal Cerrado/Pantanal . Cerrado/Pantanal” 6 922 92,29 9 2 (92,29% 790 79,06 7 0 (79,06% 747 74,72 (74,72% 459 45,94 4 (45,94% 42,53 425 (42,53 53,90 539 (53,90 92,2 (92,29 79,0 (79,06 74,7 (74,72 45,9 (45,94 42,5 (42,5 53,9 (53,9 92, (92,2 79, (79,0 74, (74,7 45, (45,9 42, (42, 53, (53, (92, (79, (74, (45, (42 (53 (92 (79 (74 (45 (4 (5 (9 (7 (

Resumen: El estudio de la microbiota ha adquirido un nuevo enfoque de interés, ya que interviene en diversos procesos fisiológicos involucrados en el desarrollo y rendimiento de los animales domésticos. Participa en el eje-microbiota-intestino-cerebro, con procesos que rigen el sistema nervioso hacia el intestino y viceversa. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar la importancia de la microbiota gastrointestinal de pollos de engorda y gallinas de postura y su relación con procesos fisiológicos que afecten el desarrollo, rendimiento, comportamiento y salud. En el tracto gastrointestinal de estas aves se han identificado alrededor de 17 filos de bacterias, con microorganismos predominantes según el sitio anatómico dentro del tracto y por ende con diferente función, por ejemplo, buche: Lactobacillus, Enterobacteriaceae; proventrículo: Clostridiaceae, Enterococcus; intestino: Escherichia, Streptococcus. Distintos factores intervienen en la colonización y desarrollo de la microbiota, desde el programa de alimentación y manejo, tipo de cama y densidad animal, entre otros. Existen microorganismos potencialmente patógenos que impactan negativamente en la microbiota y puedan llegar al consumidor, como Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella enteritidis y Escherichia coli, de ahí su importancia al momento de trazar las directrices en las producciones pecuarias.

Abstract: There is an increasing interest in microbiota studies due to their relevance in physiological processes such as animal development and productivity. In addition, it its involved in the microbiota-intestinebrain axis that regulates the nervous system to the intestine and vice versa. This paper is aimed at identifying the importance of the broilers and laying hens’ gastrointestinal microbiota and its relationship with diverse physiological processes that intervene in the development, productivity, behavior, and health. There are 17 filos of bacteria within the poultry gastrointestinal tract, which are site dependent and have specific functions (Example; crop: Lactobacillus, Enterobacteriaceae; proventriculus: Clostridiaceae, Enterococcus; intestine: Escherichia, Streptococcus). In addition, different factors affect the development of microbiota such as the feeding program, handling, kind of substrate, stocking density, among others. There are several potentially pathogenic microorganisms that impact microbiota negatively and may reach the final consumer such as Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli. Therefore, it is important to continue supporting poultry microbiota research and areas of opportunity to improve poultry production.

Abstract Objective To investigate the relationship between the biopsychosocial environment and eating habits and behaviors that lead to the selection and consumption of certain food from the earliest stages of life. To clarify whether there is an interaction between genetic and epigenetic factors, and how they shape eating habits. Data source A narrative review based on research in PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases was carried out over the last 10 years, searching the title and summary fields using the keywords Children OR adolescents Feeding Behavior eating OR Dietary Habits OR Eating Behavior OR Eating Habits OR Children obesity. Data synthesis The generational transmission of eating habits is related to the home, community, and school environments, mainly during the first years of life, and can exert the modulation of habits during all stages of life. During childhood, the family's role in consolidating eating habits is very broad and ranges from choosing foods to prioritizing family meals, including the lifestyle. Conclusions Eating habits are transmitted from parents to children in different ways: environmental, emotional, social, and educational. In cases of obesity, a greater association of genetic influence can be observed. life factors 1 obesity home community environments childhood familys s meals lifestyle ways environmental emotional social educational observed

Abstract Objective: To know the scientific evidence to identify patterns of changes in lifestyles during childhood and their association with various anthropometric parameters in infants caused during confinement by COVID-19. Materials and methods: A systematic analysis was carried out following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guide in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, the keywords used were diabetes mellitus tipo 2 or diabetes mellitus type II, hipertensión or hypertension, cuarentena or quarantine, covid-19, infantes or child, estilos de vida saludables or healthy lifestyles, sedentarismo or sedentarism, comportamientos alimentarios or eating behaviors. The search was carried out from April 2019 to June 2022. Results: The search yielded 221 articles, only 5 articles met the inclusion, exclusion and quality criteria, which show that the COVID-19 confinement caused changes in lifestyles. life that were mainly associated with a sedentary lifestyle during childhood. Conclusions: There is little information on the effects that COVID-19 confinement has caused on the lifestyles of infants, the existing information shows changes in pro-healthy eating habits in infants and decreased physical activity; therefore, activities aimed at guardians or responsible adults are recommended so that they can supervise feeding and improve nutrition, as well as carry out activities that encourage physical activity.

Resumen Objetivo: Conocer las evidencias científicas que evidencian cambios en los patrones de estilos de vida durante la infancia y su asociación con el confinamiento causado por la COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un análisis sistemático siguiendo los lineamientos de la guía Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) en las bases de datos de PubMed y Google Académico, las palabras claves utilizadas fueron diabetes mellitus type II o diabetes mellitus tipo II, hypertension o hipertensión, quarantines o cuarentena, covid 19, infants o infantes, child o niños, healthy lifestyle o estilo de vida saludable, sedentary behavior o sedentarismo, feeding behaviors o comportamientos alimentarios. La búsqueda se realizó de abril 2019 a junio 2022. Resultados: La búsqueda arrojó 221 artículos, sólo 5 artículos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, exclusión y criterios de calidad, los cuales muestran que el confinamiento por COVID-19 causó cambios en los estilos de vida que se asociaron principalmente al sedentarismo durante la infancia. Conclusiones: Existe poca información sobre los efectos que ha causado el confinamiento por la COVID-19 en los estilos de vida de los infantes, la existente muestra cambios en los hábitos alimentarios pro-saludables en infantes y disminución de la actividad física; por lo que se recomiendan actividades dirigidas a los tutores o adultos responsables para que supervisen la alimentación y la mejora de la nutrición, así como realizar actividades que fomenten la actividad física.

Abstract Introduction: Sea urchin aquaculture is a rising industry, and in consequence, there is a need to establish optimal culture parameters to ensure the health of the cultured animals. Objective: To evaluate the bacterial counts in the seawater of sea urchin (Arbacia dufresnii) aquaculture recirculating systems (RAS). Methods: The bacteriological water quality of two RAS containing sea urchins was determined. For approximately two months, weekly water samples were taken. The bacteriological quality was determined by counting total aerobic heterotrophic populations, lactic acid bacteria, enterobacterias and genus Vibrio. Physicochemical parameters were also measured. Results: There was no presence of disease or mortality. Enterobacteria and lactic acid bacteria were not detected from both RAS systems. The number of animals had an important effect on the observed difference in the count of total bacteria and Vibrio spp. In RAS 1 the maximum counts of total bacteria and Vibrio spp. were 2.8 x 105 ± 1.7 x 105 and 1.45 x 105 ± 3.6 x 104 UFC ml-1, respectively. In RAS 2 total bacteria and Vibrio spp. exhibited repetitive behavior over time influenced in part by water exchange and mainly by feeding. The results indicate that periodic water changes ensure a limited growth of bacterial strains as Vibrio and other bacteria. Conclusions: Our results suggests that the bacterial count levels recorded in this study can be used as a threshold or safety limit for Arbacia dufresnii aquaculture.

Resumen Introducción: La acuicultura de erizos de mar es una industria en auge, y en consecuencia, existe la necesidad de establecer los parámetros de cultivo óptimos para garantizar la salud de los animales en cultivo. Objetivo: Evaluar los recuentos bacterianos en el agua de cultivo de los sistemas de recirculación acuícola (RAS) de erizo de mar Arbacia dufresnii. Métodos: Se determinó la calidad bacteriológica del agua de cultivo de dos RAS que contenían erizos de mar. Durante aproximadamente dos meses, se tomaron muestras de agua semanalmente. La calidad bacteriológica se determinó realizando recuento de las poblaciones heterótrofas aerobias totales, bacterias ácido lácticas, enterobacterias y bacterias del género Vibrio. También se midieron parámetros fisicoquímicos. Resultados: No se observaron patologías ni mortalidad. No se detectaron enterobacterias ni bacterias del ácido láctico en ninguno de los sistemas RAS. El número de animales cultivados tuvo un efecto importante en la diferencia observada en el recuento de bacterias totales y Vibrio spp. En el RAS 1 los recuentos máximos de bacterias totales y Vibrio spp. fueron 2.8 x 105 ± 1.7 x 105 y 1.45 x 105 ± 3.6 x 104 UFC ml-1, respectivamente. En RAS 2 los recuentos de bacterias totales y Vibrio spp. exhibieron un comportamiento repetitivo en el tiempo influenciado en parte por el recambio de agua y principalmente por la alimentación. Los resultados indican que los cambios periódicos de agua aseguran un crecimiento limitado de cepas bacterianas como Vibrio y otras bacterias. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados sugieren que los niveles de recuento bacteriano registrados en este estudio pueden usarse como umbral o límite de seguridad para la acuicultura de Arbacia dufresnii.

Abstract 21. Radio telemetry has become a valuable tool for studying the spatial and reproductive ecology of snakes. Various methodologies have been used to attach radio transmitters to snakes, including external placement with adhesive tape, forced ingestion, and skin glue application. Still, these methods have limitations and negative effects on snakes, such as transmitter loss or alterations in feeding behavior. This study presents the first case of radio transmitter implantation in the species Bothrops alternatus in Argentina. Two large venomous snakes B. alternatus specimens, were captured from the wild. A procedure was followed based on previous work with specific adaptations for venomous snakes. The specimens were anesthetized with isoflurane and provided with oxygen throughout the surgery. A 2 cm incision was made in each specimen, the muscle was divided, and access to the celomic cavity was obtained. The previously sterilized radio transmitter was placed in this cavity, and its antenna was tunneled under the skin towards the upper body. Subsequently, the muscle layers and skin were sutured with sterile material. The surgery was successful in both specimens, lasting approximately 30 minutes, with rapid recovery post-anesthesia. The transmitters emitted signals detected at distances of up to 500 meters in the field, allowing tracking of the snakes’ movements over 10 days. However, it was observed that the transmitter battery life was shorter than expected, limiting long-term monitoring. This work represents a significant contribution to the field of snake radio telemetry in Argentina, providing a detailed and successful protocol for radio transmitter implantation in venomous snakes.

Resumen 17. La radiotelemetría se ha convertido en una herramienta valiosa para estudiar la ecología espacial y reproductiva de las serpientes. Diferentes metodologías han sido utilizadas para colocar radiotransmisores en serpientes, incluida la colocación externa con cinta adhesiva, la ingestión forzada y la aplicación de pegamento en la piel, aunque presentan limitaciones y efectos negativos en las serpientes, como la pérdida de los transmisores o la alteración del comportamiento alimentario. En el presente trabajo se presenta el primer caso de implantación de radiotransmisores en la especie Bothrops alternatus en la Argentina. Se utilizaron dos ejemplares de yarará grande B. alternatus capturados de la naturaleza. Se siguió un procedimiento basado en trabajos anteriores con adaptaciones específicas propias para tratar serpientes venenosas. Los ejemplares fueron anestesiados con isoflurano, con soporte de oxígeno durante toda la cirugía. En cada ejemplar se realizó una incisión de 2 cm de longitud, se dividió el músculo y se accedió a la cavidad celómica. El radiotransmisor, previamente esterilizado, se colocó en esta cavidad y su antena se tunelizó bajo la piel hacia la parte superior del cuerpo. Posteriormente, se suturaron los planos musculares y la piel con material estéril. La cirugía fue exitosa en ambos especímenes, con una duración de aproximadamente 30 minutos y una recuperación rápida después de la anestesia. Los radiotransmisores emitieron señales que se captaron a distancias de hasta 500 metros en el campo, lo que permitió rastrear el movimiento de las serpientes durante un período de 10 días. Sin embargo, se observó que la duración de la batería de los transmisores fue menor de lo esperado, lo que limitó el seguimiento a largo plazo. Este trabajo representa una contribución significativa al campo de la radiotelemetría en serpientes en la Argentina, proporcionando un protocolo detallado y exitoso para la implantación de radiotransmisores en serpientes venenosas.

Resumo A coruja-das-torres americana (Tyto furcata) vive em ambientes urbanos e se alimenta principalmente de pequenos roedores, sendo de grande importância no controle biológico de pragas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever os hábitos alimentares, parentais e reprodutivos de um casal de corujas-das-torres americanas, naturalmente vivendo fora de uma residência na zona urbana do município de Campos dos Goytacazes, estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Uma caixa de madeira foi instalada em uma parede externa da casa, monitorada por uma câmera de vídeo. Uma planilha foi criada para manter o controle das observações registradas. A fêmea pôs quatro ovos, e após período de incubação de 30-32 dias todos os ovos eclodiram, mas apenas dois filhotes sobreviveram após o canibalismo entre os filhotes. Inicialmente, o macho fornecia a comida aos filhotes e a fêmea permanecia no ninho cuidando da ninhada. Depois de cerca de um mês, a fêmea também começou a sair do ninho e voltar com a presa, que era oferecida aos filhotes, com o macho também continuando com esse comportamento. Os filhotes deixaram o ninho em setembro de 2017. Os dados obtidos mostram a existência de cooperação e divisão de tarefas entre corujas machos e fêmeas durante o período reprodutivo.

Abstract The American Barn Owl (Tyto furcata) lives in urban, periurban and wild environments and feeds mainly on small rodents, meaning it has great importance in the biological control of pests. The aim of this work was to describe the reproductive, parental and eating habits of a pair of American barn owls naturally living outside a residence in the urban area of the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. A wood box was installed on an outside wall of the home, monitored by a video camera. A spreadsheet was created to keep track of the observations recorded. The female laid four eggs, and after an incubation period of 30-32 days all the eggs hatched, but only two chicks survived after cannibalism among the chicks. Initially, the male provided the food to the chicks and the female remained in the nest caring for the brood. After approximately a month, the female also began to leave the nest and return with prey, which was offered to the chicks, with the male also continuing this behavior. The chicks left the nest in September, 2017. The data obtained show the existence of cooperation and division of tasks between male and female owls during the reproductive period.