Abstract The detection and segmentation of tumor regions in brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays important aspects for last two decades. In this paper, Efficient Visual Geometry Group Convolutional Neural Networks Architecture is proposed for brain tumor detection which consists of pre-processing module, DWT module, and Classification module along with segmentation. The scaling based data augmentation methods are used as the pre-processing technique and the data augmented scaled images are decomposed using DWT Transform. The Wavelet feature maps are constructed from these decomposed coefficients and they are classified using EVGG-CNN architecture. This proposed architecture identifies the brain image into either Glioma or healthy brain image. The effectiveness of these developed methods stated in this work is verified by applying the proposed method on the brain images from BRATS 2021 and Kaggle dataset. The performance of proposed EVGG-CNN architecture is analyzed in terms of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. MRI (MRI decades paper preprocessing pre processing Transform EVGGCNN EVGG CNN 202 dataset sensitivity accuracy 20 2

Resumen Este artículo analiza el subsistema de vocales pretónicas del portugués de São Tomé, desentrañando el inventario de los segmentos y sus características acústicas, así como el proceso de elevación que afecta a estas vocales. Siguiendo el marco teórico de Geometría de Trazos y utilizando datos recogidos in loco, a partir del análisis, se propone que en la posición pretónica la tabla tenga seis vocales: (i, e, a, ə, o, u). La descripción acústica (especialmente la duración y los formantes) corrobora el inventario propuesto y la elevación, un proceso ajeno a la armonía vocal del rasgo (ATR) o incluso el rasgo (altura 2). Este estudio nos permitió aprender sobre un aspecto de la fonología en una variedad de portugués que aún no se ha estudiado y puede abrir camino para nuevas investigaciones.

Abstract This paper discusses the pretonic vowel subsystem of Santomean Portuguese, presenting the inventory of the segments and their acoustic characteristics, as well as the raising process that affects these vowels. Following the theoretical framework of Feature Geometry and using data collected in loco, from the analysis, it is proposed that in the pretonic position there are six vowels: (i, e, a, ə, o, u). The acoustic description (especially the duration and the formants) corroborates the proposed inventory and the raising, a process unrelated to the vocal harmony of the line (ATR) or even the feature (opening 2). This study allowed us to learn about an aspect of phonology in a variety of Portuguese that has not yet been studied, and may make way for new research.

Resumo Este artigo discute o subsistema pretônico vocálico do português de São Tomé, deslindando o inventário dos segmentos e suas características acústicas, bem como o processo de alçamento que atinge essas vogais. Seguindo o referencial teórico da Geometria de Traços e usando dados coletados in loco, a partir da análise, propõe-se que na posição pretônica o quadro apresenta seis vogais: (i, e, a, ə, o, u). A descrição acústica (sobretudo a duração e os formantes) corrobora o quadro proposto e o alçamento, processo desvinculado da harmonia vocálica de traço (ATR) ou mesmo do traço de altura (aberto 2). Este estudo permitiu conhecer um aspecto da fonologia de uma variedade de português ainda pouco estudada, podendo abrir caminho para novas pesquisas.

Abstract In this work, a compact ultra-wide-band microstrip antenna loaded with C-shaped parasitic elements, for Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial (DVB-T) and LTE 450 / 700 signal reception, is designed and presented. The proposed antenna is named “HI Monopole”, and its geometry has been designed to be simple, lightweight, and compact. Fabrication process is inexpensive and suitable for electronic gadgets. The HI Monopole operates with ultra-wide bandwidth characteristics, encompassing Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial (DVB-T) standard (470-890 MHz), LTE-450 and LTE-700 bands. This feature has been accomplished by inserting an indent in its ground plane, adjusting dimensions of the feeding line, and adding two C-shaped parasite elements onto the region posterior to the antenna's main radiating element. It was verified via electromagnetic measuring that this device is capable of covering the 429-1022 MHz range. Hence, its total bandwidth is 593 MHz. The superior and inferior cutoff frequencies have been defined using the -10 dB return loss reference level. Therefore, the proposed antenna can be employed for receiving DTV and LTE signals broadcasted in any country, independently of its adopted standard.

Resumo: Os movimentos de proximidade entre os veículos que transportam materiais nas fábricas, ou interfaces, resultam em ferimentos e mortes no trabalho. Atualmente, a avaliação de riscos para interfaces está limitada a técnicas como auditorias de segurança, originalmente projetadas para ambientes estáticos. Para ambientes dinâmicos, uma alternativa baseada no uso extensivo de dados é desejável, de maneira a quantificar riscos e possibilitar o desenvolvimento de contramedidas efetivas. Apresentamos um método para estimar o Número de Priorização de Risco (NPR) para interfaces de veículos móveis em ambientes de fabricação, com base na formulação Severidade-Ocorrência-Detecção (SOD). O Método se destaca pela estimativa da probabilidade de Ocorrência (O) de interfaces de veículos utilizando machine learning e técnicas de visão computacional. Um vetor de recursos esparsos baseado em PCA para machine learning para caracterizar a geometria do veículo de uma perspectiva top-down. A classificação supervisionada em vetores de recursos esparsos utilizando SVMs (Support Vector Machines) é empregada para detectar veículos. Técnicas de visão computacional são usadas para rastreamento de posição para identificar interfaces e calcular sua probabilidade de ocorrência (O). Isso leva a um cálculo automatizado de NPR com base na formulação do SOD. Os dados experimentais são coletados em laboratório utilizando um layout de amostra da área de trabalho e versões em escala de veículos. As interfaces e os movimentos do veículo foram fisicamente simulados para treinar e testar o modelo de machine learning. O desempenho do sistema automatizado é comparado com a anotação humana para validar a abordagem.

Abstract: Proximity movements between vehicles transporting materials in manufacturing plants, or “interfaces”, result in occupational injuries and fatalities. Risk assessment for interfaces is currently limited to techniques such as safety audits, originally designed for static environments. A data-driven alternative for dynamic environments is desirable to quantify interface risks and to enable the development of effective countermeasures. We present a method to estimate the Risk Prioritization Number (RPN) for mobile vehicle interfaces in manufacturing environments, based on the Probability-Severity-Detectability (PSD) formulation. The highlight of the method is the estimation of the probability of occurrence (P) of vehicle interfaces using machine learning and computer vision techniques. A PCA-based sparse feature vector for machine learning characterizes vehicle geometry from a top-down perspective. Supervised classification on sparse feature vectors using Support Vector Machines (SVMs) is employed to detect vehicles. Computer vision techniques are used for position tracking to identify interfaces and to calculate their probability of occurrence (P). This leads to an automated calculation of RPN based on the PSD formulation. Experimental data is collected in the laboratory using a sample work area layout and scale versions of vehicles. Vehicle interfaces and movements were physically simulated to train and test the machine learning model. The performance of the automated system is compared with human annotation to validate the approach.

ABSTRACT: An optimal thruster configuration for attitude control subsystem of a spacecraft is presented in this paper. The optimal configuration is designed according to minimum number of required thrusters for satisfying desired reliability with specific redundancy level. The genetic algorithm is employed for optimization process and feasibility of the results is evaluated using algebraic and geometry methods. The main feature of the proposed configuration among feasible configuration with minimum number of required thrusters, which has held to optimal configuration, is that this configuration has maximum reliability and minimum fuel consumption. In addition to feasibility, attitude control performance of some configurations is also examined through the simulation. The results of simulation confirm that the proposed configuration has desirable performance. It is noteworthy to mention that the configuration with maximum number of required thrusters, which is a conventional configuration such that each thruster belongs to only one control channel, has less fuel consumption than optimal configuration. However, the total mass of optimal configuration is less than that of conventional configuration due to a smaller number of thrusters.

RESUMEN En rocas duras, las discontinuidades controlan la estabilidad de los taludes. La posición relativa entre las discontinuidades y el talud define el mecanismo de falla más probable. Entre estos mecanismos, la falla en curia es uno de los más comunes. La estabilidad de las cunas está controlada por la orientación de los planos de discontinuidad, la geometria y orientación del talud, las fuerzas externas (incluyendo presión de agua y sismo) y las propiedades mecánicas de las discontinuidades. La determinación de estas propiedades no es sencilla, debido a su variabilidad y cantidad limitada de información. Además, en muchos proyectos de ingenieria la información proviene de diferentes fuentes, tales como la opinión de expertos, retro-análisis, ensayos de laboratorio y pruebas de campo, en diferentes etapas de proyectos. Por lo tanto, los modelos de análisis deben ser capaces de incorporan información con estas características, para asistir el proceso de toma de decisiones en los proyectos de ingeniería. En este contexto, la teoría de los conjuntos aleatorios se constituye en una herramienta apropiada para combinar diferentes fuentes de información y efectuar análisis de confiabilidad cuando se tiene información escasa de los parámetros de entrada del modelo. Esta característica hace posible la actualización de la probabilidad de falla, a medida que aparece nueva información. Con este marco de referencia, este trabajo presenta el análisis de confiabilidad de la estabilidad de cunas en una mina de arenisca, localizada en Une, Cundinamarca, donde se ha recolectado información durante 20 anos. Este análisis permitió actualizar la probabilidad de falla. Como resultado se obtuvo una probabilidad de falla en un rango entre 0.04 y 0.25.

ABSTRACT In hard rock masses, discontinuities control the slope stability, rather than block matrix breakage. The relative position and orientation of joints and slope face define the most likely mechanisms of failure. Among these mechanisms, the wedge failure is one of the most common modes of failure in which joint sets dip and dip direction, slope geometry and direction, external forces (including water pressure and earthquake) and rock and joints mechanical properties control the stability. The determination of these input parameters is not straightforward, mainly due to their variability and the limited amount of information available. Besides, in most projects, input parameters come from different sources (e.g., expert opinion, back-calculation, laboratory tests, field test or different project stages). Therefore, this limited information from different sources should be appropriately incorporated into the stability analysis to assist the design and decision-making process. In this context, random sets arise as a powerful tool to combine different sources of information and to perform a reliability assessment under limited information. This feature makes it possible to update the probability of failure as new evidence is available. With this framework, this paper presents a reliability assessment of wedge stability in a rock slope of a sandstone quarry, located in Une Cundinamarca, where information on mechanical and geometrical parameters has been collected for 20 years. This approach allowed to update the probability of failure. As a result, an updated probability of failure raging between 0.04 and 0.25 was calculated.

Abstract In this paper, a new multiband fractal frequency selective surface (MF-FSS) is proposed. The work presents a new fractal design methodology for FSSs with Swastika fractal patch elements. The proposed MF-FSS includes periodic arrays of metallic patches, printed on a single layer substrate. The structure parametric analysis is carried out in terms of fractal iterations, geometry elements, and unit-cell size. The simple controllable feature of the proposed structure lets us tune the given parameters of FSS geometry to achieve adjustable bandstop filter. The fractal geometry allows us to design compact structures (CP = 54%) that behave like dual-polarized bandstop filters. The designed structure is validated by means of an excellent agreement between the simulation and measurement results. Also, results show the proposed structure presents the most desirable features like fractal compactness, multiband response, dual polarization, excellent angular stability, and controllability. This work presents a fundamental structure that can be applied into the more complex and sophisticated designs in future.

Abstract Roughness is a fundamental feature to define rock deformability and resistance. A detailed characterization of discontinuity surface geometry is essential for understanding some of the rock’s mechanical behaviors. Fractal geometry has been used by several authors to correlate parameters such as the Hurst coefficient for JRC (Joint Roughness coefficient) to better describe a surface geometry. Surface profiles might be characterized by a fractal dimension that represents the small scale of the geometric recurrence. In this paper, we propose to modify the methodology used to identify the Hurst coefficient incorporating the rodogram function in the JRC analysis. The proposed function is less influenced by drifting effects, and seems to be more precise than the commonly used variogram function. Robust mathematical models of spatial continuity can be a better alternative to characterize the roughness of rock discontinuities.

Resumo A medição da geometria da junta é tarefa fundamental para a automação da soldagem. Dentre os sensores utilizados para tal finalidade, os Sensores de Triangulação Laser para soldagem (STL) estão entre as tecnologias que melhor caracterizam a geometria da junta durante a soldagem. A medição da abertura de raiz (gap) é especialmente importante para o sucesso na deposição automatizada do passe de raiz, com benefícios de produtividade e qualidade em diferentes aplicações, como a construção de dutos para o setor de Petróleo e Gás. A medição desta característica é sensível aos ruídos gerados pela soldagem e à reflexividade da superfície da junta. Os algoritmos de processamento de imagem para medição do gap apresentados na literatura não têm as características desejadas de erro de medição e flexibilidade para medição em chanfros de diferentes dimensões. Este artigo apresenta um novo algoritmo para a medição do gap em juntas de chanfro “V” empregando a técnica de ajuste linear. O algoritmo de medição desenvolvido foi avaliado a partir dos erros de medição do gap encontrados em imagens capturadas antes e durante o procedimento de soldagem de raiz de um corpo de prova padrão. As mesmas imagens foram processadas com os algoritmos de correlação de padrões e algoritmo de derivadas, ambos apresentados por trabalhos acadêmicos. O algoritmo proposto apresentou os melhores resultados de erro de medição, robustez e flexibilidade.

Abstract Joint geometry measurement is a key task for welding automation. Among the sensors used for this purpose, the Laser Triangulation Sensors for welding (LTS) are the ones that best characterize the joint geometry. Root gap measurement is especially important for success in the automated root pass deposition, with production and quality benefits in different applications, such as pipeline construction for the Oil & Gas industry. The measurement of this feature is sensitive to noises generated by welding and joint surface reflexivity. The image processing algorithms for gap measurement available in literature do not have the desired characteristics of measurement error and flexibility for dimensional variability of welding joints. This paper presents a new algorithm for root gap measurement of “V” type joints using a linear adjustment technique. This developed algorithm was evaluated from measurement errors found in images captured before and during orbital welding procedure of a standard test piece. The same images were processed with pattern correlation algorithm and derivative algorithm, both presented in academic papers. The proposed algorithm presented the best results of measurement error, robustness and flexibility.

A fala da pessoa com Down se difere da fala de pessoas sem síndrome. Diante disso, questionamos se tal diferença é meramente auditiva ou se tem implicação para o sistema linguístico. Neste trabalho, objetivamos mostrar, através da análise do espaço vocálico, que oposições fonológicas são mantidas nos diferentes tipos silábicos e como, em termos acústicos, essas oposições são garantidas. Na análise acústica, pautamo-nos na Teoria Fonte-Filtro (Fant, 1960); na caracterização das vogais usamos a proposta de Matzenauer e Miranda. (2009). Foram analisados dados de 08 sujeitos, divididos em: 04 sujeitos com síndrome de Down e 04 sem síndrome, para fins de comparação; todos eles naturais e moradores de Vitória da Conquista/BA - Brasil, com faixa etária entre 17 e 21 anos de idade. A hipótese que sustenta a pesquisa é a de que as vogais produzidas por esses sujeitos apresentam características fonéticas diferenciadas, porém tais características não afetam o sistema linguístico que permanece preservado, isto é, as oposições fonológicas são mantidas

Abstract: The speech, in Down's syndrome population, is different, but is necessary to know if this difference is only phonetic or if it changes the linguistic system. This paper aims at analyzing the vocalic area in Down’s syndrome and to show that phonological oppositions are maintained in the speech of people with DS, i.e. the difference in vocalic production in DS is only acoustic-articulatory. The analyzing was conducted by Acoustic Theory of Speech Production (Fant, 1960) and by vowel geometry’s proposal (Matzenauer and Miranda, 2009). In this research we analyze data of the 04 people with DS and 04 people without syndrome. Everybody was born and lives in Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia - Brazil, and have 17 or 21 years old. The research’s hypothesis is the vowels produced by DS people are phonetically different but these differences don’t change the phonological system

Abstract South America features a very particular regional architecture, one which is characterised by the proliferation and overlapping of regional organisations, with UNASUR at the centre. UNASUR is an intergovernmental organisation with no supranational institutions. The article will argue that institutional flexibility, which is both a core element of South American regionalism and a specific institutional feature of UNASUR, corresponds with the key interests of the founding members of this organisation. Based on this assumption, the article will analyse the strategies and policies of the various Argentinean governments during the period when UNASUR was created (1999–2008). It will differentiate between a ‘uniaxial’ regional integration approach structured around one thematic axis and a ‘multiaxial’ approach evolving along multiple axes in parallel; it will also ask to what extent the new regional architecture corresponds to the core interests of that country. For the Argentinean government, it was important to ensure that UNASUR would not constrain its foreign policy options. The result was the variable geometry codified in the UNASUR Constitutive Treaty.

Este es el décimo ensayo teórico en la serie: "El cuaderno de química orgánica, un enfoque didáctico". El objetivo de esta serie de estudios es ayudar a los estudiantes a disponer de una visión gráfica de reacciones de síntesis orgánicas de diversa naturaleza. Hemos tomado una serie de reacciones compiladas por W. Carruthers en: 'Some modern methods of organic synthesis', para las cuales hemos propuesto vistas mecanicísticas y didácticas. Este tema esta incluido en el capítulo "Formation of carbon-carbon double bonds" del mencionado texto. En el actual capítulo, abordamos un complemento de la transposición de Claisen de éteres alil-vinílicos. Un primer enfoque en este estudio comporta el sobresaliente hecho de la transposición de Claisen que guarda relación con el control estereoquímico que conduce a la definición de la posición de los sustituyentes en el nuevo enlace simple que se forma de la transposición. Este hecho remarcable sirve como una especie de transmisión de quiralidad a lo largo de la cadena carbonada. Hemos propuesto mecanismos para este hecho. Como un ejemplo hemos elaborado mecanismos para el paso clave en la síntesis de (+)-15(S)-prostaglandin A2 que involucra el mencionado control estereoquímico. También, hemos cubierto mecanicísticamente el tema de la geometría del doble enlace del enol eter y su control por medio del procedimiento descrito por Ireland. También hemos elaborado los mecanismos para la conversión de éster alílico en E-ceteno acetal o en Z-ceteno acetal y su subsecuente conversión en ácido incluyendo el ejemplo del propanoato de E-crotyl y de Z-crotyl.

This is the tenth theoretical assay in the series: "The Organic Chemistry Notebook Series, a Didactical Approach". The aim of this series of studies is to help students to have a graphical view of organic synthesis reactions of diverse nature. We have taken a series of reactions compiled by W. Carruthers in 'Some modern methods of organic synthesis', and we have proposed didactical and mechanistic views for them. This theme is included in the chapter "Formation of carbon-carbon double bonds" in the mentioned text. In the present chapter, we expose a complementing of Claisen rearrangements of ally-vinyl ethers. A first approach in this study comports the Claisen rearrangement feature regarding the stereochemical control that conducts to the definition of the positioning of substituents on the new single bond that arises from rearrangement. This feature serves as a sort of transmission of chirality along a carbon chain. We proposed mechanisms for this feature. As an example we elaborated mechanisms for a key step in the synthesis of (+)-15(S)-prostaglandin A2 involving the stereochemical control mentioned. We also covered from a mechanistic stand point the theme of the geometry of the enol ether double bond and its control by means of the procedure described by Ireland. We elaborated too, the mechanisms for the conversion of allylic ester into the E-ketene acetal or the Z-ketene acetal and subsequent acid formation including the example of the E-crotyl propanoate and the Z-crotyl propanoate.

RESUMO A área de pesquisa localiza-se no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, entre os municípios de Pedro Leopoldo, Matozinhos, Lagoa Santa e Sete Lagoas até os limites do Rio das Velhas como limite oriental. Está inserida no Cráton São Francisco, onde afloram sedimentos argilo-arenosos carbonatados do Grupo Bambuí, na Bacia do São Francisco. Apesar do conhecimento geológico desenvolvido anteriormente, a região carece de um trabalho de integração e detalhamento dessas informações. Por esse motivo, o objetivo principal foi contribuir na qualidade da cartografia geológica, da distribuição espacial e da geometria estrutural. Assim, foram realizados um mapeamento geológico, fotointerpretação e avaliação de 270 perfis litológicos de poços. Foi possível estabelecer uma nova perspectiva geológica da região, com obtenção do mapa geológico detalhado de Sete Lagoas, 14 seções geológicas cruzadas e um modelo geológico conceitual. O estudo mostrou que a área se encontra em um contexto geológico de borda de bacia, apresentando uma geometria condicionada por sistema de horsts e grábens. Essa característica estrutural deslocou sequências estratigráficas posicionando-as lado a lado, com sequências litológicas de idades distintas.

ABSTRACT The study area is located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, among the municipalities of Pedro Leopoldo, Matozinhos, and Sete Lagoas, with Velhas River as the eastern boundary. It is located in the São Francisco Craton, where carbonated argillo-arenaceous sediments are emplaced giving origin to the Bambuí Group, in the São Francisco Basin. Despite the geological knowledge previously developed, the region needs work on integration and detailing of such information. For this reason, the main objective was to contribute to the quality of the geologic cartography, the spatial distribution, and the structural framework geometry. Thus, geologic mapping, aerial photography interpretation, and evaluation of 270 lithologic well profiles were carried out. It was possible to establish a new geologic perspective of the region by obtaining the detailed geologic map of the municipality of Sete Lagoas, 14 geologic cross sections, and a geologic conceptual model. The study showed that the area is within a basin border, presenting a geometry conditioned by horst and graben system controlled by faulting. This structural feature displaced stratigraphic sequences positioning them side by side with lithologic sequences with different ages.

Vesiculated segregation structures comprise varied geometry bodies with milimetric to metric dimensions and vesiculation values varying between 20 and 40 %, hosted within internal sector of a lava flow. These structures resulted from segregation and migration of a residual differentiated liquid generated during the crystallization of the flow. The residuum migrates towards a permeable network of crystals thanks to a gas filter-pressing mechanism. According to their micro-texture, vesiculated structures sampled from pahoehoe basaltic lava flows of Payenia Volcanic Province were classified into three subtypes: 1) aphyric coarse-grained textured; 2) aphyric fine-grained textured and 3) porphyritic to intergranular textured. The coarse-grained textures are associated with the presence of high temperature iddingsite altering olivine crystals in the host rock and the diktytaxitic texture is a common petrographic feature observed in all sampled lava flows bearing vesicular structures. These features would be indicating an important participation of fluids during the formation of the structures. Four types of structures were described: thick vesicle sheets, thin vesicle sheets, vesicle cylinders and segregation vesicles, which were grouped regarding to their morphogenesis into three categories proposed in previous works, which are based on the thickness of host lava flow. The origin of the vesicle sheets would be linked with the spreading of vesicle cylinders under a solidification front. Cooling rates are controlled by the thickness of the lava flow which in turn control the permanence or total dispersion of the cylinders.

Las estructuras de segregación vesiculadas comprenden cuerpos de variada geometría y dimensiones milimétricas a métricas con una vesiculación de entre el 20 y el 40 % alojados en los sectores internos de un flujo lávico. Estas resultan de la segregación y expulsión de un diferenciado residual rico en volátiles generado durante la cristalización de la colada. El residuo migra atravesando una red permeable de cristales gracias al mecanismo de filtrado por presión de gas. Según sus características microtexturales, las estructuras extraídas de coladas basálticas pahoehoe de Payenia fueron agrupadas en tres subtipos: afíricas de grano grueso, afíricas de grano fino y porfíricas a intergranulares. Los términos de grano grueso se asocian a la presencia de iddingsita de alta temperatura en el olivino del basalto hospedante y la textura diktitaxítica es un rasgo petrográfico común de todas las coladas muestreadas. Ambos aspectos constituyen la evidencia de una importante participación de fluidos, posiblemente de origen magmático, durante la formación de estas estructuras. Se describieron cuatro tipos de estructuras: mantos de vesículas, láminas de vesículas, cilindros de vesículas y vesículas de segregación, las cuales fueron agrupadas según su morfogénesis, en categorías propuestas en trabajos previos basadas en el espesor del flujo lávico hospedante. El origen de las estructuras mantiformes estaría asociado a la dispersión de cilindros de vesículas debajo de un frente de solidificación. La tasa de enfriamiento de la colada está regulada por el espesor del flujo, lo que a su vez condiciona la permanencia o dispersión total de las estructuras cilíndricas.

La Falla de Boconó es el principal accidente geológico del occidente Venezuela que se extiende por más de 500 km en dirección SO-NE. Esta falla posee una importante complejidad estructural en los andes venezolanos. En la zona entre las poblaciones de Tabay y La Toma, estado Mérida, se ha identificado que la falla se dispone de forma paralela y en algunos casos controla, al valle del río Chama. En tal sentido, este trabajó se basó en la búsqueda de rasgos geomorfológicos producidos por el movimiento de la falla los cuales se presentan de forma constante y consistente a lo largo de ella. Para ello, se realizó un análisis fotogeológico con las fotografías aéreas disponibles de la zona a escalas 1:25.000 (misión 010473), 1:40.000 (misión A34) y fotografías aéreas a escala 1:35.000 (misión 0503110), donde se pudieron describir la mayoría de los rasgos que luego fueron corroborados directamente en el campo. En gran parte del tramo analizado, la falla se presenta como una traza única con marcadores geomorfológicos que evidencian movimientos rumbo deslizante dextrales con componente normal. Al sureste de la población de Tabay se observó la terminación de un segmento de falla que se extiende desde el suroeste, originando un gran lomo de presión. También se pudo corroborar la existencia de una cuenca en tracción en la zona de Mucuchíes, debido a que la falla experimenta un cambio de rumbo en sentido horario

The Boconó fault is the most important and distinctive geological feature of western Venezuela. It runs for more than 500 km in the southeast-northwest direction with significant implication on the complex structure of the venezuelan Andes. Between the towns of Tabay and La Toma of Mérida state, it have been identified some segments of the fault parallel to the valley of Chama river. The overall geometry is rectilinear with the Chama basin located over the trace of the fault. This work attempts to describe the persistence and consistence of the geomorphological traits that have been produced by the most recent fault movements. Making use of the available aerial photography (scale: 1:25.000, 1:35.000 and 1:40.000) and field assessment, it was found that throughout much of the trace, the Boconó fault has a dextral strike-slip movement with a normal component. In particular, at southeast of Tabay town, it was observed that a fault segment, coming from the southwest, ends in a remarkable pressure ridge. It was also corroborated in Mucuchies town, a pull-apart basin due to the fact that the fault changes its pathway clockwise