BACKGROUND: Maintaining or promoting employment in the presence of disability or reducing the impact of disability on employability should be the adopted focus to decrease the negative impact that disability has on the economy and just as important on the livelihood and well-being of exposed insured individuals. Group risk disability insurance protects an employee's income when illness or injury result in work disability. To achieve this, factors that promote the success of rehabilitation and support for return-to-work of employees following illness and injury need to be understood from an insurance perspective. OBJECTIVES: To explore principles of disability claims management during the rehabilitation and work reintegration stage using a multi-stakeholder approach for the purpose of successful return to work. METHODS: An exploratory qualitative design was used to collect data via semi-structured interviews with 26 purposively selected participants. Interviews were audio-recorded, data were transcribed and analysed thematically. Qualitative research was used to understand the necessary role players in the work reintegration process, factors that hinder and promote work reintegration and best practice principles for Disability Claims Management (DCM). RESULTS: Three themes emerged from the study; (i) role players and their functions with collaboration is integral to disability claims management, (ii) various factors promote and restrict return-to-work planning, and (iii) best practice principles in the DCM pathway that promote return-to-work. These principles include behavioural economics as the central principle, with resource identification and competency, governance, role engagement and education and awareness as supporting principles. CONCLUSION: Collaborative and integrated approaches by role players within a workers' family unit, health system, employer structure and insurance compensation are required for positive return-to-work outcomes. The various role players are responsible for creating policies, structures, intervention strategies, and environments that foster return-to-work. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE • An integrated approach is required for optimal RTW outcomes as employers' policies restrict work integration. • A collaborative approach by all role players involved in DCM, focusing on positive RTW outcomes is required in the RTW process • Occupational therapists can influence employer incapacity and disability policies in order to keep people employed and productive in the presence of medical conditions with the application of reasonable accommodations where necessary. • Occupational therapists are suitably positioned to outline workplace environment and other supports required to guide and support employees through rehabilitation and RTW and in ensuring that employees who can remain at work while on a partial or fully insured benefit, can engage optimally in aspects of work function.

Resumen Comprender la estructura y diversidad forestal permite elaborar y analizar estrategias para el manejo sustentable de los recursos naturales. El objetivo de la investigación fue contribuir al conocimiento de la estructura arbórea, así como su capacidad de regeneración en un gradiente altitudinal en un Área Natural Protegida, en Madera, Chihuahua. El estudio comprendió tres intervalos altitudinales: inferior (2 307 a 2 466 m), medio (2 466 a 2 625 m) y superior (2 625 - 2 785 m), en los que se distribuyeron 30 sitios circulares de 500 m2 donde se midió el diámetro y altura del arbolado superior, así como la densidad de la regeneración. La estructura vertical se obtuvo con el índice de Pretzsch (A), además, se evaluó el índice de valor de importancia (IVI), la diversidad con el índice de Shannon-Wiener (H’) y riqueza con Margalef (D mg ), asimismo, se estimó la capacidad de renuevo y los daños presentes. Los valores de A muestran la mayor homogeneidad estructural en el intervalo 2; la familia Pinaceae registró el peso ecológico superior en el IVI; los valores de H’ y D mg fueron superiores en el estrato II, sin embargo, todos se consideran de baja diversidad y riqueza; las especies Abies concolor y Pseudotsuga menziesii, mostraron la mayor proporción de regeneración en la comunidad, en la que la supresión es el daño frecuente, no obstante, el 95% de los individuos no presentaron afectaciones. Esta información es de utilidad para la conservación de estas comunidades de importancia ecológica en bosques templados.

Abstract Understanding forest structure and diversity allows the development and analysis of strategies for the sustainable management of natural resources. The objective of the research was to contribute to the knowledge of tree structure, as well as its regeneration capacity in an altitudinal gradient in a Natural Protected Area in Madera, Chihuahua. The study included three altitudinal intervals: lower (2 307 to 2 466 m), middle (2 466 to 2 625 m) and upper (2 625 - 2 785 m), in which 30 circular sites of 500 m2 were distributed where the diameter and height of the upper trees were measured, as well as the density of regeneration. The vertical structure was obtained with the Pretzsch index (A), in addition, the importance value index (IVI), diversity with the Shannon-Wiener index (H') and richness with Margalef (D mg ) were evaluated, as well as the renewal capacity and damage present. The values of A show the greatest structural homogeneity in interval 2; the Pinaceae family registered the highest ecological weight in the IVI; the values of H' and Dmg were higher in stratum II, however, all are considered of low diversity and richness; the species Abies concolor and Pseudotsuga menziesii, showed the highest proportion of regeneration in the community, in which suppression is the frequent damage, however, 95% of the individuals were not affected. This information is useful for the conservation of these ecologically important communities in temperate forests.

Abstract When a building is demolished, its cohesive and planned structure fractures into countless fragments. These heterogeneous and disorganised fragments blur the boundaries between what was once private - the domestic space - and what is now public - the formerly occupied land. In 2019, I stumbled upon a family photograph amidst the rubble left by the demolition of the last towers of the Bairro do Aleixo in Porto. Constructed in the 1970s, this was a public housing estate designed to accommodate families from Ribeira-Barredo who had been displaced due to urban redevelopment. Throughout the years, the five towers have hosted a sizable and fluctuating population that has adapted and made use of this previously unconventional housing model. From 2011 to 2019, Aleixo underwent three demolition operations, politically supported by arguments citing its structural and social deterioration as justification. The first two were striking implosions broadcasted on television, whereas the final demolition, which I witnessed, unfolded as a slow deconstruction spanning several months. In the photograph, the woman dressed in white poses on a balcony of Tower 1 within the old Bairro do Aleixo. In the background stands the phallic skeleton of Tower 4, which would be imploded decades later. Upon its unearthing, the photograph, weathered by time and circumstance, hinted at a conceptual connection with the debris surrounding it. In this article, my focus centres on this found photograph, aiming to unveil the processes and tensions encapsulated within this fragment. I draw on the ontological connections between photography and death, as well as between photography and ruin, to analyse the spectral image of this obliterated site. I delve into what the encounter with this image might reveal about the memory of the neighbourhood, its public image, and the extensive and violent process of displacing its residents. I reach the concept of a "rubble-image" as pivotal in interpreting this nearly vanished imprint that stubbornly affirms the persistence of a dissenting and complex place, supposedly erased from public space and suppressed from urban memory by dominant sensibilities.

Resumo Quando uma edificação é demolida, a sua estrutura, unitária e planeada, é desintegrada em incontáveis fragmentos. Heterogéneos e desordenados, estes fragmentos borram os limites entre o que era privado - o espaço doméstico - e o que é público - o terreno antes ocupado. Em 2019, encontrei uma fotografia familiar entre os escombros da demolição das últimas torres do Bairro do Aleixo, no Porto. Este foi um conjunto de habitação pública construído na década de 1970 para realojar famílias da Ribeira-Barredo, deslocadas por uma reabilitação urbana. Ao longo do tempo, as cinco torres abrigaram uma população numerosa e mutável que se apropriou desse modelo de habitação até então incomum. Entre 2011 e 2019, o Aleixo foi alvo de três operações de demolição, politicamente justificadas por sua degradação estrutural e social. As duas primeiras foram implosões espetaculares e televisionadas, enquanto a última, que presenciei, foi uma lenta desconstrução que durou meses. Na fotografia, uma mulher vestida de branco posa numa varanda da Torre 1 do antigo Bairro do Aleixo. Ao fundo, paira o esqueleto fálico da Torre 4, implodida décadas depois. Quando encontrada, a fotografia, arruinada pelo tempo e pelas circunstâncias, sugeria uma afinidade conceptual com os escombros que a cercavam. Neste artigo, detenho-me sobre essa fotografia encontrada, objetivando desvelar os processos e as tensões armazenadas nesse fragmento. Recorro às relações ontológicas entre fotografia e morte, também entre fotografia e ruína, para analisar a imagem espectral desse sítio obliterado. Desenvolvo o que o encontro com ela pode indicar sobre a memória do bairro, a sua imagem pública, assim como o longo e violento processo de remoção dos seus moradores. Chego à noção de “imagem-escombro” como chave de leitura para esse vestígio quase desaparecido que afirma teimosamente a persistência de um lugar dissidente e complexo, pretensamente apagado do espaço público e suprimido da memória urbana pelas sensibilidades dominantes.

Abstract The objective of this work was to analyze the relationship between perceptions and agricultural practices in the face of the effects of climate change from the agro-socio-economic context and the hydrological structure in the Cochapata high-altitude ecosystem in Urcuquí-Ecuador. The methodological strategy responds to the qualitative paradigm, case study method. Primary information was collected through landscape reading, interviews, and participant observation. It was found that the territory is occupied by timber industries, whose tree species are characterized by excessive water demand. The sub-paramo is inhabited by peasants in survival conditions who use the land to obtain goods for family sustenance using their labor force. Water distribution is of a hydro-social nature, as it excludes peasants from the right to irrigation and watering. Regarding the effects of the changing climate, the inhabitants perceive heat waves and variations in the rainy season in their daily lives; however, no agricultural practices were found to adapt to the climatic phenomenon. It is concluded that the vulnerability of the ecosystem is not directly related to climate change; it responds to historical failures in the distribution of ecosystem goods such as land and water, to the lack of knowledge of the peasant subject on the part of the state and society, and the excessive extractivism implemented during the last decades.

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la relación entre percepciones y prácticas agrícolas frente a los efectos del cambio climático desde el contexto agro-socio-económico y la estructura hidrológica en el ecosistema de altura Cochapata en Urcuquí-Ecuador. La estrategia metodológica responde al paradigma cualitativo, método de estudio de caso. Se levantó información primaria mediante lectura del paisaje, entrevistas y observación participante. Se encontró que el territorio está ocupado por industrias madereras cuyas especies arbóreas se caracterizan por excesiva demanda hídrica. El subpáramo está habitado por campesinos en condición de sobrevivencia que usan la tierra para obtener bienes de sustento familiar, valiéndose de su fuerza de trabajo. Se evidenció que la distribución del agua es de carácter hidrosocial, pues excluye al campesinado del derecho a riego y abrevadero. Respecto a los efectos del clima cambiante, los pobladores perciben en su cotidianidad olas de calor y variaciones en las temporadas de lluvias, sin embargo, no se encontraron prácticas agrícolas con intención adaptativa al fenómeno climático. Se concluye que la vulnerabilidad del ecosistema no guarda relación directa con el cambio climático, esta responde a las fallas históricas en la distribución de los bienes ecosistémicos tierra y agua, al desconocimiento del sujeto campesino por parte del Estado y de la sociedad, y al excesivo extractivismo implantado durante las últimas décadas.

Abstract After the subjugation operated by the military campaigns of 1878-1885, the native population of northern Patagonia (Mapuche-tehuelche) suffered forced relocation, the breakdown of socio-political and family units, the erasure of the identity of hundreds of minors and the declamation of the extinction of the indigenous cultural and social world. From this genocidal process, the agency of indigenous individuals and collectives was conditioned within the framework of the construction of a new society that was defined as “without Indians”. From then on, this became a condition for their possibilities of accessing land, as well as a principle of stigmatization and social differentiation. This paper focuses in addressing a particular instance of the agency of this population: the National Aboriginal Association. This organization stood out for its self-recognition as aboriginal and for its supra-community, trans-territorial and national structure. The ANA was active in a key period defining a political strategy that defended the indigenous producer, encouraged processes of communalization and articulation of the agency of the original peoples with other political actors, both in northern Patagonia and in the national context.

Resumo Após a subjugação das campanhas militares de 1878-1885, a população original (Mapuche-Tehuelche) da Patagónia setentrional sofreu deslocações forçadas, a desestruturação das unidades sociopolíticas e familiares, o apagamento da identidade de centenas de menores e a declamação da extinção do mundo cultural e social indígena. Como resultado desse processo genocida, a agência dos indivíduos e coletivos indígenas foi condicionada no âmbito da construção de uma nova sociedade que se definia como "sem índios". A partir de então, este fato tornou-se um fator determinante nas suas possibilidades de acesso à terra, bem como um princípio de estigmatização e de diferenciação social. Este artigo analisa um caso particular de agência aborígene: a Asociación Nacional de Aborígenes (Associação Nacional de Aborígenes). Esta organização destacou-se pelo seu auto-reconhecimento como indígena e pela sua estrutura supracomunitária, transterritorial e nacional. A Associação esteve ativa num período chave durante o qual definiu uma estratégia política que defendeu o produtor indígena, encorajou processos de comunalização e a articulação da agência dos povos indígenas com outros actores políticos, tanto no norte da Patagónia como no contexto nacional.

Resumen Desde el sometimiento de las campañas militares de 1878-1885, la población originaria (mapuche-tehuelche) del norte de la Patagonia sufrió la reubicación forzosa, la desestructuración de las unidades sociopolíticas y familiares, el borramiento de la identidad de cientos de menores y la declamación de la extinción del mundo cultural y social indígena. A partir de este proceso genocida, la agencia de individuos y colectivos indígenas fue condicionada en el marco de la construcción de una nueva sociedad que se definía “sin indios”. En adelante, esto se constituyó en un condicionante de sus posibilidades de acceder a la tierra, como así también en un principio de estigmatización y diferenciación social. En este artículo se aborda una instancia particular de la agencia de esta población: la Asociación Nacional de Aborígenes. Esta organización se destacó por su autoreconocimiento como aborigen y por su estructura supracomunitaria, transterritorial y nacional. La Asociación militó en un período clave durante el cual definió una estrategia política que defendía al productor indígena, alentó procesos de comunalización y de articulación de la agencia de los pueblos originarios con otros actores políticos, tanto en el norte de la Patagonia como en el contexto nacional.

Abstract: In the context of economic development, the acquisition of skills plays a vital role, and training is the main tool for promoting the development of individual competencies. However, access to this training can be limited by several factors. This article focuses on identifying the determinants that influence women's participation in training programs in Chile, considering the particularities of the Chilean labor market in recent years. To achieve this objective, an analysis of the structure of the Chilean labor market is carried out using data extracted from the Labor Survey (ENCLA) corresponding to the year 2019. In addition, an analysis of the most recent data related to training, provided by the National Socioeconomic Characterization Survey (CASEN) corresponding to the years 2015 and 2017, is developed. The analysis is based on a logistic regression methodology. The results obtained show that the probability of a woman participating in training programs in Chile is mainly influenced by income level, employment particularities, educational level and family environment characteristics.

Resumen: En el contexto del desarrollo económico, la adquisición de habilidades desempeña una función de vital importancia, y la formación se erige como la herramienta principal para fomentar el desarrollo de competencias individuales. No obstante, el acceso a esta formación puede encontrarse limitado por una serie de factores. Este artículo se centra en la identificación de los determinantes que influyen en la participación de las mujeres en programas de capacitación en Chile, teniendo en cuenta las particularidades del mercado laboral chileno en los últimos años. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se realiza un análisis de la estructura del mercado laboral chileno utilizando datos extraídos de la Encuesta Laboral (ENCLA) correspondiente al año 2019. Además, se desarrolla un análisis de los datos más recientes relacionados con la capacitación, proporcionados por la Encuesta de Caracterización Socioeconómica Nacional (CASEN) correspondiente a los años 2015 y 2017. El análisis se fundamenta en una metodología de regresión logística. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la probabilidad de que una mujer participe en programas de capacitación en Chile está principalmente influenciada por el nivel de ingresos, las particularidades del empleo, el nivel educativo y las características del entorno familiar.

Resumo: No contexto do desenvolvimento econômico, a aquisição de habilidades desempenha um papel fundamental, e o treinamento é a principal ferramenta para promover o desenvolvimento de competências individuais. Entretanto, o acesso ao treinamento pode ser limitado por vários fatores. Este artigo se concentra na identificação dos determinantes que influenciam a participação das mulheres em programas de treinamento no Chile, levando em conta as particularidades do mercado de trabalho chileno nos últimos anos. Para atingir esse objetivo, é feita uma análise da estrutura do mercado de trabalho chileno usando dados extraídos da Pesquisa de Emprego (ENCLA) correspondente ao ano de 2019. Além disso, é desenvolvida uma análise dos dados mais recentes relacionados ao treinamento, fornecidos pela Pesquisa Nacional de Caracterização Socioeconômica (CASEN) correspondente aos anos de 2015 e 2017. A análise é baseada em uma metodologia de regressão logística. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a probabilidade de uma mulher participar de programas de treinamento no Chile é influenciada principalmente pelo nível de renda, características do emprego, nível educacional e características do ambiente familiar.

Abstract The objective was to know the population structure of Holstein animals in the family dairy system, to identify possible origins of the genetic material, to know the degree of inbreeding and to identify possible traces of selection in the genome, which allow glimpses of the traits that have been improved over the years. The study included 270 animals genotyped with the GGP-50K® chip. After genotype quality control, 43,548 autosomal SNPs were included. To know the population structure, analyses of mixtures and principal components (PCs) were performed. To know genomic inbreeding and detect traces of selection, information on runs of homozygosity (ROH) was used. Mixture analysis was performed with the Admixture software, and PC, ROH and inbreeding analyses were performed with SVS-v7.6.8. Mixture analysis showed evidence of six components, all linked to Holstein bulls families with different country of origin. The PCs did not show stratification of the population by herd. The mean inbreeding coefficient was 0.59 ± 0.53 %. In the regions of the genome with ROHs most frequent in the population (≥20 animals), numerous associations, QTLs and genes related to milk production and composition, fertility parameters, susceptibility to diseases, body conformation, feed efficiency and some characteristics of carcass composition have been reported. The results reflect the existence of a wide genetic diversity in this population and the possibility of carrying out genetic improvement work through selection without affecting inbreeding levels.

Resumen El objetivo fue conocer la estructura poblacional de los animales Holstein del sistema de lechería familiar, identificar posibles orígenes del material genético, conocer el grado de consanguinidad e identificar posibles huellas de selección en el genoma, que permitan vislumbrar las características que se han mejorado a través de los años. El estudio incluyó 270 animales genotipados con el chip GGP-50K®. Después del control de calidad de genotipos, se incluyeron 43,548 SNP autosómicos. Para conocer la estructura poblacional se realizaron análisis de mezclas y componentes principales (CP). Para conocer la consanguinidad genómica y detectar huellas de selección, se usó información de corridas de homocigosidad (ROH). El análisis de mezclas se realizó con el software Admixture, y los de CP, ROH y consanguinidad se realizaron con SVS-v7.6.8. El análisis de mezclas mostró evidencia de seis componentes, todos ligados a familias de sementales Holstein con diferente país de origen. Los CP no evidenciaron estratificación de la población por hato. El coeficiente de consanguinidad promedio fue de 0.59 ± 0.53 %. En las regiones del genoma con ROH más frecuentes en la población (≥20 animales), se han reportado numerosas asociaciones, QTL y genes relacionados con producción y composición de la leche, parámetros de fertilidad, susceptibilidad a enfermedades, conformación corporal, eficiencia alimenticia y algunas características de composición de la canal. Los resultados reflejan la existencia de una amplia diversidad genética en esta población y la posibilidad de realizar trabajos de mejoramiento genético a través de selección sin afectar los niveles de consanguinidad.

Resumen El ecotono es de gran importancia dado los servicios ambientales que prestan tanto al ambiente como al ser humano. El objetivo fue conocer la estructura y la composición florística en una zona de contacto entre dos tipos de matorrales y conocer además el potencial que tiene como sumidero de carbono. Se determinaron los índices de valor de importancia, distribución vertical de especies, Margalef, Shannon y la diversidad verdadera de Shannon. Además de la biomasa, área total y la concentración de carbono. Se registraron 11 especies de plantas vasculares, la familia mejor representada fue Fabaceae. La especie Cordia boisieri tuvo el mayor índice de valor de importancia. La diversidad de la comunidad vegetal fue baja. El área total de copa fue de 4 276.03 m2 ha-1, con tres estratos de altura. El carbono almacenado fue de 2.82 Mg ha-1, mientras que la biomasa aérea total fue de 567.15 kg ha-1.

Abstract The ecotone is of great importance given the environmental services they provide both to the environment and to human wellbeing. The objective was to know the structure and floristic composition of a contact zone between two types of bushes and also to know the potential it has as a carbon sink. Importance value indices, vertical species distribution, Margalef, Shannon, and true Shannon diversity, as well as biomass, total area, and carbon concentration were determined. Eleven species of vascular plants were recorded, the best represented family was Fabaceae and Cordia boisieri was the species with the highest importance value index. The diversity of the plant community is low according to the Shannon index. The total canopy area was 4 276.03 m2 ha-1, while the vertical index of species defined three height strata. The stored carbon is 2.82 Mg ha-1, while the total aerial biomass was 5 667.15 kg ha-1.

Against the backdrop of a transforming doctoral education landscape and the emergence of nontraditional doctoral students, this article investigates strategies to promote the success of students balancing academic studies and their careers. Prevailing discussions on doctoral success strategies have often centred on "traditional" doctoral students. This article examines the doctoral success challenges confronted by "non-traditional" doctoral candidates who pursue higher education at different stages of their lives, often juggling such with work and family or other responsibilities. The study was informed by Ward and Brennan's model to analyse the compatibility of student-doctoral education. This framework introduces the concept of student-doctoral fit that asserts that non-traditional students achieve optimal success when there is alignment between the student's values and those upheld by their organization and social structure. Therefore, doctoral success for non-traditional students lies in the alignment of three main spheres, namely, the 1) student-doctoral environment, 2) student vocation, and 3) the student-doctoral culture. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 non-traditional doctoral students employed by a research organization. The findings underscore the intricacies of balancing academic and professional demands, shedding light on the challenges arising from the lack of integration between academic work and doctoral pursuits. They highlight the need to challenge the conventional separation of these facets. Notably, participants highlighted that they received more substantial academic training and support from the research organization and work mentors, emphasizing the variable nature of support by university supervisors. Given that the majority of challenges reported revolve around the fit between the student-doctoral culture and environment, it is recommended that research organizations and universities collaborate and establish robust support structures. This collaborative approach is essential to ensure academic success and facilitate non-traditional doctoral students' smoother transition into professional careers.1

Resumo Introdução: A promoção da literacia em saúde é crucial para que os utentes possam tomar decisões adequadas em matéria de saúde, promovendo uma utilização mais eficiente dos recursos e contribuindo para a sua sustentabilidade. Objetivos: Promover a literacia em saúde entre os utentes de seis Unidades de Saúde Familiar (USF) no Norte de Portugal acerca da organização e estrutura dos cuidados de saúde primários (CSP) e a especialidade médica de medicina geral e familiar (MGF). Métodos: Estudo observacional, prospetivo, do tipo coorte. Foram aplicados questionários em formato Google® Docs a utentes com 18 ou mais anos, que preenchiam os critérios de inclusão, antes e após um mês da intervenção. A intervenção consistiu na visualização de um vídeo formativo preparado pelos autores acerca da organização e os recursos dos CSP e a especialidade de MGF. Resultados: O questionário pré-intervenção foi preenchido por 274 utentes, 165 visualizaram o vídeo educativo e 113 preencheram o questionário pós-intervenção. Apenas 88 utilizadores participaram em todas as fases do projeto e foram considerados elegíveis para a interpretação dos resultados. Após a intervenção verificou-se uma melhoria estatisticamente significativa na classificação geral obtida no questionário, com um aumento na percentagem de respostas corretas de 66,7% para 72,7% (p=0,004; IC 95%). Verificou-se também um aumento na taxa de respostas corretas em quase todas as questões aplicadas. Discussão e Conclusão: A literacia em saúde ajuda os cidadãos a tomar melhores decisões em relação à sua saúde, com um consequente impacto económico e social. Este projeto culminou na criação de uma ferramenta multimédia capaz de melhorar os conhecimentos dos utentes portugueses acerca dos CSP, passível de ser replicada noutros locais do País.

Abstract Introduction: Promoting health literacy is essential for patients to make informed healthcare decisions, ensuring more efficient resource utilization and contributing to long-term sustainability. Objectives: Enhance health literacy among patients in six health units in Northern Portugal, focusing on the organization and structure of primary healthcare services (PHC) and the medical specialty of general practice/family medicine (GPFM). Methods: An observational, prospective cohort study was conducted. Questionnaires in Google® Docs format were administered to patients aged 18 and older who met the inclusion criteria, both before and one month after the intervention. The intervention involved watching an educational video created by the authors about PHC's organization, resources, and GPFM specialty. Results: The pre-intervention questionnaire received responses from 274 patients, with 165 of them viewing the educational video and 113 completing the post-intervention questionnaire. Eighty-eight participants engaged in all phases of the project and were considered eligible for result analysis. After the intervention, there was a statistically significant improvement in the overall questionnaire score, with the percentage of correct answers increasing from 66.7% to 72.7% (p=0.004; CI 95%). Correct answer rates also improved across most of the questions. Discussion and Conclusion: Health literacy empowers individuals to make informed health choices, resulting in economic and social benefits. This project led to the creation of a multimedia tool that can enhance the understanding of Portuguese patients regarding PHC, with potential for replication in other regions of the country.

Abstract Vegetation structure patterns (VSP) are affected by the dynamic interaction between social and ecological elements. The objective was to describe the patterns of structure and diversity of the medium sub-evergreen forest after timber harvesting in Noh Bec, Quintana Roo, Mexico. The forest management areas were sampled simultaneously at three stages of tree development in 10×50-m rectangular sampling units (poles with ND [1.3 m]≥25 cm), and 10-m (saplings with ND≥5 to <25 cm) and 2-m square hierarchical units (seedlings with DN<5 cm). Diameter structure, Importance Value Index (IVI), and alpha diversity were calculated. Seventy species (29 families and 64 genera), 52 675 individuals ha-1 were recorded among the seedlings, 1 015 individuals ha-1, 9.51 m2 ha-1 of basal area (BA) and 112.60 m3 ha-1 of total tree volume (TTV) among saplings, and 95 individuals ha-1, 12.08 m2 ha-1 of BA and 145.41 m3 ha-1 of TTV among poles. The Sapotaceae family accounted for the largest proportion of the IVI. Pouteria reticulata was the most important species among the seedlings and saplings, while among the poles, it was Manilkara zapota. The diversity of the VSPs is evident, however, it is possible to distinguish them through specific indicators such as Fisher's alpha and structural dasometric values.

Resumen Los patrones de la estructura de la vegetación (PEV) son afectados por la interacción dinámica entre los elementos sociales y ecológicos. El objetivo fue describir los patrones de la estructura y diversidad de la selva mediana subperennifolia después del aprovechamiento forestal maderable en Noh Bec, Quintana Roo, México. Se llevó a cabo un muestreo en las zonas de gestión forestal de manera simultánea en tres estadios de desarrollo del arbolado en unidades de muestreo rectangulares 10×50 m (fustales con DN [1.3 m]≥25 cm,), unidades jerárquicas cuadradas de 10 m (latizales con DN≥5 a<25 cm) y de 2 m (brinzales con DN<5 cm). Se calculó la estructura diamétrica, Índice de Valor de Importancia (IVI) y la diversidad alfa. Se registraron 70 especies (29 familias y 64 géneros), 52 675 individuos ha-1 en los brinzales, 1 015 individuos ha-1, 9.51 m2 ha-1 de área basal (AB) y 112.60 m3 ha-1 de volumen total árbol (VTA) en latizales, y 95 individuos ha-1, 12.08 m2 ha-1 de AB y 145.41 m3 ha-1 de VTA en fustales. La familia Sapotaceae reunió la mayor proporción de los IVI. Pouteria reticulata fue la especie más importante en los brinzales y latizales, en tanto que en los fustales fue Manilkara zapota. La diversidad de los PEV es evidente, sin embargo, es posible distinguirlos a través de indicadores específicos como el alfa de Fisher y los valores dasométricos estructurales.

Resumo Este artigo reflete sobre o conceito de comunidade na região da Patagônia Andina, dividida politicamente entre Chile e Argentina. Utilizamos dados etnográficos e uma revisão da bibliografia como fonte, que considera diferentes casos, vindos de ambos os lados da Cordilheira dos Andes, onde a referência à comunidade aparece no nível de um município com administração estatal e um município com estrutura familiar. A abordagem comparativa entre Argentina e Chile permite mostrar como a emergência da comunidade, apesar de vinculada a uma história introspectiva, sempre revela a presença do Estado-nação como interlocutor incontornável. Da mesma forma, destacam-se fatores relacionados à constituição da comunidade: a ameaça e a organização. Propomos que, embora a ameaça induza a fortalecer os laços sociais e a desenvolver um sentido de pertença conflituosa, esta consegue ser constitutiva no momento em que se articula uma organização interna baseada em elementos afetivos.

Resumen Este articulo reflexiona sobre el concepto de comunidad en la zona patagónica andina, dividida políticamente entre Chile y Argentina. Tomamos como fuentes datos etnográficos y revisión de bibliografía que consideran distintos casos, procedentes de ambos lados de los Andes, donde la referencia a lo comunitario aparece a nivel de poblado con administración estatal y de poblado de estructura familiar. El enfoque comparativo entre Argentina y Chile permite evidenciar cómo la emergencia de lo comunitario, a pesar de vincularse con un relato introspectivo, siempre devela la presencia del Estado-nación como interlocutor inescapable. Asimismo, se resaltan factores vinculados con la constitución comunitaria: la amenaza y la organización. Proponemos que, si bien la amenaza induce a fortalecer los lazos sociales y a desarrollar un sentido de pertenencia confrontativo, esto logra ser constituyente en el momento en que se articula una organización interna basada en elementos afectivos.

Abstract This article aims to reflect upon the concept of community in the Andean Patagonia, a territory politically divided between Argentina and Chile. We use ethnographic data and bibliographical revisions as sources to consider different cases, proceeding from both sides of the Andes. Here, the refences to the communal appear at two levels: population with state administration and population with familiar structure. The comparative approach between Argentina and Chile allows to underline how the emergence of the communal, despite always being related to an introspective narrative, reveals the presence of the nation-state as an inescapable interlocutor. Moreover, we take into consideration two factors related to communal construction: menace and organization. We claim that while menace tightens internal social binds and develops an oppositional sense of belonging, it becomes effectively constitutional of a communal order, only of it manages to fully articulate an internal organization based on affective elements.

Resumo Este estudo objetivou analisar as possíveis associações entre o Escore da Estrutura de Controle de Infecção (EECI), os serviços de saúde e características sociais dos municípios brasileiros. Foram analisados dados secundários do terceiro ciclo 2017-2018 do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ). Seis variáveis independentes - Índice FIRJAN de Desenvolvimento Municipal, número de habitantes, número de Equipes de Saúde da Família que recebiam incentivo financeiro do governo federal, gasto com saúde per capita e número de Equipes de Saúde Bucal modalidades 1 e 2 - foram incluídas para avaliar a influência sobre o EECI, medido para cada município brasileiro. Para a análise dos dados, foi utilizado o modelo de Árvore de Classificação e Regressão no IBM SPSS 25. Foram incluídos 4.900 municípios, e o EECI médio foi de 0,905 (±0,092). Observou-se uma associação positiva entre o gasto com saúde per capita, o desenvolvimento municipal e o desfecho. Por outro lado, municípios com maior número de Equipes de Saúde da Família com incentivo financeiro do governo federal apresentaram menor média do EECI. Os achados sugerem que existem desigualdades nas estruturas de controle de infecções no país, relacionadas aos serviços de saúde e às características sociais dos municípios.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze possible associations between the Infection Control Structure Score (ICSS), health services, and social characteristics of the municipalities in Brazil. Secondary data from the third cycle 2017-2018 of the Brazilian National Program for Improving Primary Care Access and Quality (PMAQ) was analyzed. Six independent variables - FIRJAN Index of Municipal Development, number of inhabitants, number of family health teams receiving a financial incentive from the federal government, healthcare expenditure per capita, and number of Oral Health Teams modalities 1 and 2 - were included to assess their influence on ICSS, measured for each Brazilian town. Data analysis used the Classification and Regression Tree model performed with IBM SPSS 25. A total of 4,900 municipalities were included, and the mean ICSS was 0.905 (±0.092). A positive relationship was observed between healthcare expenditure per capita, municipal development, and the outcome. Conversely, towns with a higher number of family health teams receiving a financial incentive from the federal government showed lower mean ICSS. The findings suggest that inequalities in the infection control structures exist within the country, and they were related to the health services and social characteristics of the municipalities.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze possible associations between the Infection Control Structure Score (ICSS), health services, and social characteristics of the municipalities in Brazil. Secondary data from the third cycle 2017-2018 of the Brazilian National Program for Improving Primary Care Access and Quality (PMAQ) was analyzed. Six independent variables - FIRJAN Index of Municipal Development, number of inhabitants, number of family health teams receiving a financial incentive from the federal government, healthcare expenditure per capita, and number of Oral Health Teams modalities 1 and 2 - were included to assess their influence on ICSS, measured for each Brazilian town. Data analysis used the Classification and Regression Tree model performed with IBM SPSS 25. A total of 4,900 municipalities were included, and the mean ICSS was 0.905 (±0.092). A positive relationship was observed between healthcare expenditure per capita, municipal development, and the outcome. Conversely, towns with a higher number of family health teams receiving a financial incentive from the federal government showed lower mean ICSS. The findings suggest that inequalities in the infection control structures exist within the country, and they were related to the health services and social characteristics of the municipalities.

Resumo Este estudo objetivou analisar as possíveis associações entre o Escore da Estrutura de Controle de Infecção (EECI), os serviços de saúde e características sociais dos municípios brasileiros. Foram analisados dados secundários do terceiro ciclo 2017-2018 do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ). Seis variáveis independentes - Índice FIRJAN de Desenvolvimento Municipal, número de habitantes, número de Equipes de Saúde da Família que recebiam incentivo financeiro do governo federal, gasto com saúde per capita e número de Equipes de Saúde Bucal modalidades 1 e 2 - foram incluídas para avaliar a influência sobre o EECI, medido para cada município brasileiro. Para a análise dos dados, foi utilizado o modelo de Árvore de Classificação e Regressão no IBM SPSS 25. Foram incluídos 4.900 municípios, e o EECI médio foi de 0,905 (±0,092). Observou-se uma associação positiva entre o gasto com saúde per capita, o desenvolvimento municipal e o desfecho. Por outro lado, municípios com maior número de Equipes de Saúde da Família com incentivo financeiro do governo federal apresentaram menor média do EECI. Os achados sugerem que existem desigualdades nas estruturas de controle de infecções no país, relacionadas aos serviços de saúde e às características sociais dos municípios.

RESUMEN El artículo examina La sangre, el polvo, la nieve (2021), una novela de Karina Pacheco Medrano (Cusco, 1969), desde una perspectiva de género en el marco de la sociedad cusqueña de fines del siglo xix y la primera mitad del xx. En particular, se presta atención "al ejercicio del poder privado basado en la naturalización de la jerarquía de género y en la inferiorización de lo femenino por su identificación con lo doméstico" (Mannarelli 57), así como a los diversos roles que cumple la mujer en la sociedad (la "madresposa", la maternidad, la conyugalidad y el erotismo). Para estudiar la estructura familiar del espacio doméstico se utiliza el concepto de la "gran casa" de Ariès y también se analiza de qué manera en esta se reproduce la herencia colonial de la sociedad peruana de la época (Quijano, Flores Galindo) y los roles que juegan la autoridad patriarcal y los personajes femeninos -madre e hija-, así como la reproducción de las jerarquías sociales y raciales en contraste al proyecto del indigenismo (De la Cadena), con el cual se identifican la protagonista Giralda Loayza y su esposo. Asimismo, se traza un paralelismo entre la novela y Aves sin nido (1889) de Clorinda Matto, reconociendo las diferencias en los proyectos de nación que ambas novelas proponen, así como el papel que juegan los núcleos familiares en ellas (Cornejo Polar). Finalmente, en términos de estrategias narrativas, se examinan las polarizaciones semánticas que propone la novela y la acercan a las novelas decimonónicas y al melodrama (Brooks).

ABSTRACT The article examines La sangre, el polvo, la nieve (2021), a novel by Karina Pacheco Medrano (Cusco, 1969), from a gender perspective within the framework of Cusco society at the end of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th. Attention is paid "to the exercise of private power based on the naturalization of the gender hierarchy and the inferiorization of the feminine due to its identification with the domestic" (Mannarelli 57), as well as the various roles that women play in the society (the "motherwife", motherhood, conjugality and eroticism). To study the family structure of the domestic space, the concept of the "great house" by Ariès is used and it is also analized how the colonial heritage is reproduced in the Peruvian society of the time (Quijano, Flores Galindo), and the roles that play the patriarchal authority and the female characters-mother and daughter-as well as the repro duction of social and racial hierarchies in contrast to the project of indigenismo (De la Cadena), with which the protagonist Giralda Loayza and her husband identify. Likewise, a parallelism is drawn between the novel and Aves sin nido (1889) by Clorinda Matto, recognizing the differences in the national projects that both novels propose, as well as the role played by family nuclei in them (Cornejo Polar). Finally, in terms of narrative strategies, the semantic polarizations proposed by the novel are examined, bringing it closer to nineteenth-century novels and melodrama (Brooks).