The training of Chemistry teachers in Brazil has been researched for a few decades and studies point out to training gaps that reverberate in teaching, especially in basic education. One of the contents covered in this step and which is part of the high school curriculum is radioactivity, which is related, among other things, to radiological and radioactive accidents that occur around the world. Thus, this research sought to investigate how the training provided to Chemistry undergraduates in the state of Goiás is in relation to the subject of radioactivity, since in 1987 a radiological accident occurred in Goiânia with a Cesium 137 source. This is a qualitative research, data were collected via questionnaire and the analytical technique used was discursive textual analysis (ATD). The results showed that due importance was not given to the radiological accident, since there is evidence of training gaps in relation to the topic of radioactivity in Chemistry degree courses in the state of Goiás, where the accident occurred, and the contents on radioactivity are either not addressed, or the approach is superficial. This fact directly impacts the teacher’s performance in basic education, when working on this content with their students. teaching education related things world Thus 198 13 source ATD. ATD . (ATD) addressed superficial teacher s students 19 1 (ATD

The study of adsorption kinetics has been gaining ground, due to the fact that adsorption is an operation used in several areas, which drives the development of software for calculating kinetic parameters. In this context, the work aims to develop and validate a free software, with an intuitive interface and easy operation, for processing adsorption kinetic analysis data. The Adsorption Kinetics Calculation (AKC) software was developed in Java language, using Apache Netbeans IDE (integrated development environment) and has three kinetic equations implemented in a non-linear way: pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion implemented and also generates the parameters statistical coefficient of determination (R2) and ARE (average relative error). The software was successful in programming the algorithms, because the parameter values (Qe and C) were similar to the experimental values and the error values (R2 and ARE) were within those predicted by the literature. The software has the ability to plot the results and all results showed reliability in the data generated, and it can be concluded that it is validated and ready to be made available for users to use in their research. ground areas context AKC (AKC language integrated environment nonlinear non linear way pseudofirst pseudo first pseudosecond second R2 R average error. . error) algorithms Qe C (R literature generated research

ABSTRACT: The study of adaptability, stability, and productivity is essential for selecting and recommending superior genotypes. This fact is particularly the case for the introduction of common bean cultivars in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, whose production is negligible and does not meet the internal demand. Thus, this study estimated genetic parameters and selection gains and undertake a simultaneous selection for adaptability, stability, and productivity in black bean genotypes via mixed models. The investigation was carried out in three municipalities in the state of Rio de Janeiro during three crop years. The trials were set up in a randomized block design with 11 genotypes and three replications. High mean heritability (81%) and selection accuracy (90%), as well as good selection prospects, were observed. Gains between 1.03 and 9.49% were achieved for grain yield. Simultaneous selection was efficient, indicating two black bean lines (CNFP 15290 and CNFP 15361) as the most productive, adaptable, and stable. As such, these lines have the potential to be released as new black bean cultivars for the state of Rio de Janeiro. ABSTRACT adaptability stability Brazil demand Thus models years 1 replications 81% 81 (81% 90%, 90 90% , (90%) prospects observed 103 03 1.0 949 9 49 9.49 yield efficient 1529 15361 productive adaptable stable such 8 (81 (90% 10 0 1. 94 4 9.4 152 1536 (8 (90 9. 15 153 ( (9

RESUMO: O estudo de adaptabilidade, estabilidade e produtividade é importante para selecionar e recomendar genótipos superiores. Esse fato é particularmente válido para a introdução de cultivares de feijão comum no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, cuja produção é ínfima e não atende a demanda interna. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar parâmetros genéticos e ganhos de seleção e realizar uma seleção simultânea para adaptabilidade, estabilidade e produtividade de genótipos de feijão preto através de modelos mistos. O estudo foi realizado em três municípios do estado do Rio de Janeiro e em três anos agrícolas. Os ensaios foram instalados em delineamento de blocos casualizados com 11 genótipos e três repetições. Observou-se alta herdabilidade média (81%), acurácia seletiva (90%) e boas perspectivas de seleção. Também foram observados ganhos satisfatórios para a característica entre 1,03 e 9,49%. A seleção simultânea foi eficiente e permitiu selecionar duas linhagens de feijão preto CNFP (15290 e 15361) como sendo as mais produtivas, adaptáveis e estáveis e, portanto, têm potencial para serem lançadas como novas cultivares de feijão preto para o estado do Rio de Janeiro. RESUMO adaptabilidade superiores Brasil interna Assim mistos agrícolas 1 repetições Observouse Observou se 81%, 81 81% , (81%) 90% 90 (90% 103 03 1,0 949 9 49 9,49% 15290 (1529 15361 produtivas portanto 8 (81% (90 10 0 1, 94 4 9,49 1529 (152 1536 (81 (9 9,4 152 (15 153 (8 ( 9, 15 (1

ABSTRACT Langerhans cell histiocytosis comprises a heterogeneous range of clinical manifestations secondary to clonal proliferation of histiocytes, characterized by the accumulation of these cells in various organs and tissues. The ophthalmological component commonly involved is the orbit. Herein, we report a rare case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis with eyelid involvement, which resulted in severe ocular surface complications, which subsequently significantly impacted the patient’s quality of life. This case report highlights the fact that despite being rare, Langerhans cell histiocytosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of eyelid lesions. Furthermore, a multidisciplinary approach with a systemic overview is crucial for managing the ocular complications. histiocytes tissues orbit Herein involvement complications patients patient s life lesions Furthermore

Abstract The rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament is common during physical activities; however, when associated with a multiple ligament injury, it represents an uncommon condition. The diagnosis of this injury is commonly delayed or missed. Consequently, the incidence of this injury may in fact be higher than reported. We present a case of a 27-year-old man with complete tear of the anterior cruciate ligament and of the medial collateral ligament and partial tear of the posterior cruciate, lateral collateral and patellar ligaments treated surgically.

Resumo A ruptura do ligamento cruzado anterior é comum durante atividades físicas; entretanto, quando associada a lesão ligamentar múltipla, representa uma condição incomum. O diagnóstico desta lesão é comumente tardio ou esquecido. Consequentemente, a incidência desta lesão pode de facto ser superior à relatada. Apresentamos o caso de um homem de 27 anos com ruptura completa do ligamento cruzado anterior e do ligamento colateral medial e ruptura parcial dos ligamentos cruzado posterior, colateral lateral e patelar tratados cirurgicamente.

Resumen La rotura del ligamento cruzado anterior es común durante las actividades físicas; sin embargo, cuando se asocia con una lesión de múltiples ligamentos, representa una condición poco común. El diagnóstico de esta lesión comúnmente se retrasa o se pasa por alto. En consecuencia, la incidencia de esta lesión puede ser mayor de lo informado. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 27 años con rotura completa del ligamento cruzado anterior y del ligamento colateral medial y rotura parcial de los ligamentos cruzado posterior, colateral lateral y rotuliano tratados quirúrgicamente.

Abstract Purpose: To document and analyze the experience of creation, growth and decline of a Solidarity Collaboration Network in Mexico City based on the theoretical-methodological approach of the Actor-Network Theory, in order to understand the role of the key actors, the dynamics that are experienced and the challenges and problems they face in their different stages of development. Methodological design: From a qualitative approach and through a case study, we propose the use of the translation process of the Actor-Network Theory as a theoretical-methodological guide to explore and interpret the findings. Results: The paper reveals the different maneuvers, actions and tensions that led to the construction of the emerging network and its subsequent decline. Five moments describing this process were analyzed: planning of the venture, creation, formalization, growth and decline of the network where both human and non-human actors have influence in different parts of the process. Research limitations: Are linked to the fact that the findings arise from a specific case, however, they can serve as a guide for the study of similar cases and, above all, to generate a greater understanding of the different actions that can arise in the operation of a collaborative network. Findings: The paper reveals the key role of both human and non-human actors and how they influenced both the growth and decline of the network. It also identifies new facets of the emergence and development of a Solidarity Collaborative Network as a function of the incorporation of the translation process. Methodologically, it was possible to observe the value of the Actor-Network Theory as a relevant methodological theoretical tool that can help to analyze and describe how a collaborative network is constituted and stabilized.

Resumen Objetivo: Documentar y analizar la experiencia de creación, crecimiento y declive de una Red de Colaboración Solidaria en la Ciudad de México a partir del enfoque teórico-metodológico de la Teoría del Actor-Red, con la finalidad de conocer el papel de los actores clave, las dinámicas que se viven y los retos y problemáticas a las que se enfrentan en sus diferentes etapas de desarrollo. Diseño metodológico: Desde un enfoque cualitativo y a través del estudio de caso se propone la utilización del proceso de traducción de la Teoría del Actor-Red como guía teórica-metodológica, para explorar e interpretar los hallazgos. Resultados: El trabajo revela las diferentes maniobras, acciones y tensiones que dieron lugar a la construcción de la red emergente y su posterior declive. Se analizaron cinco momentos que describen este proceso: planeación del emprendimiento, creación, formalización, crecimiento y declive de la red donde tienen influencia tanto los actores humanos como no humanos en diferentes partes del proceso. Limitaciones de la investigación: Están vinculadas al hecho de que los hallazgos surgen de un caso específico, sin embargo, estos pueden servir de guía para el estudio de casos similares y, sobre todo, para generar una mayor comprensión de las diferentes acciones que pueden surgir en el funcionamiento de una red colaborativa. Hallazgos: El trabajo revela el papel clave de los actores tanto humanos como no humanos y cómo influyeron tanto en el crecimiento como en el declive de la red. Asimismo, se identifican nuevas facetas que experimentan el surgimiento y desarrollo de una Red de Colaboración Solidaria (RCS) en función de la incorporación del proceso de traducción. Metodológicamente, se pudo observar el valor de la Teoría del Actor-Red como una herramienta teórica metodológica pertinente que puede ayudar a analizar y describir cómo se constituye y estabiliza una red de colaboración.

Resumen El siguiente trabajo sugiere abandonar el concepto de migraciones trans* y/o exilio como nombramiento de los desplazamientos geográficos de personas transfemeninas y travestis, proponiendo conceptualizar tales desplazamientos geográficos como movilidades migratorias. Para ejemplificar el uso del concepto propuesto se dan a conocer los datos de un trabajo de campo etnográfico realizado con transfeminidades de la ciudad de Mar del Plata, en Argentina. Esa investigación buscó relevar las condiciones materiales de vida y los factores que obligaban y/o empujaban a la migración. El dato principal es que la movilidad aparece como un hito en sus biografías, pero que, además, se la concibe como un proyecto abierto de varios movimientos, y de idas y venidas concebidas como retornos. Este trabajo apuesta al concepto de movilidad migratoria, ya que habilita dos aristas nuevas de análisis sobre los desplazamientos geográficos de las personas transfemeninas.

Abstract The following study suggests abandoning the concept of trans* migrations and/or exile in favor of naming geographical displacements of transfeminine and transvestite people, proposing to conceptualize these as migration mobilities. To exemplify the use of the proposed concept, data from an ethnographic field work carried out with transfemininities from the city of Mar del Plata, Argentina, will be presented. This research sought to reveal the material of living conditions and migration factors that forced and/or pushed migration. The main fact is that mobility appears as a milestone in their biographies, conceived not only as an open project of various movements, but also as comings and goings conceived as returns. This work focuses on the concept of migration mobility, since it enables two new aspects of analysis regarding the geographical displacements of transfeminine people.

RESUMEN Las cuatro misiones de la Universidad hacen que esta tenga un papel importante en el desarrollo económico y social a través de la formación del capital humano. Entre las misiones, se encuentran la enseñanza y la investigación. La enseñanza debe llevarse a cabo por medio de la investigación para generar las bases del conocimiento y el desarrollo de este. Además, debe generar el uso del conocimiento, su preservación y difusión mediante la interacción con usuarios. Por eso, se indagó en: 1) la formación de los estudiantes universitarios de Encarnación con relación a la CTI; 2) el índice de universidades de Encarnación que realizan transferencia de conocimiento; 3) la relación entre las MIPYMES y las universidades de Encarnación. Metodológicamente, se trabajó con la metodología cuantitativa-método descriptivo. Se aplicó una encuesta a directivos de 4 universidades privadas de la ciudad. Los resultados dan cuenta de la falta de capital humano calificado en I+D+i dentro de las universidades estudiadas, hecho que dificulta la implementación de las oficinas de transferencia de conocimiento (OTRI) pues la formación relacionada a la investigación e innovación se ven limitadas al no desarrollarse en todos los años de cursada, siendo esto, a nivel de grado y posgrado, además de la escasa actividad de vinculación con el medio. Estos hallazgos resaltan la limitada capacidad para generar nuevos conocimientos contextualizados a la realidad local y a su posterior aplicación eficiente.

ABSTRACT The four missions of the University give it an important role in economic and social development through the formation of human capital. Among the missions are teaching and research. Teaching must be carried out through research to generate the bases of knowledge and its development. It must also generate the use of knowledge, its preservation and dissemination through interaction with users. Therefore, we investigated: 1) the training of university students in Encarnación in relation to STI; 2) the index of universities in Encarnación that carry out knowledge transfer; 3) the relationship between MSMEs and universities in Encarnación. Methodologically, we worked with the quantitative methodology - descriptive method. A sur- vey was applied to managers of 4 private universities in the city. The results show the lack of qualified human capital in R+D+i within the universities studied, a fact that hinders the implementation of knowledge transfer offices (OTRI), since training related to research and innovation is limited because it is not developed in all the years of study, both at the undergraduate and graduate levels, in addition to the limited activity of linking with the environment. These findings highlight the limited capacity to generate new knowledge contextualized to the local reality and its subsequent efficient application.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo es plantear una política pública destinada a garantizar un uso adecuado de las medidas cautelares, las unidades de servicios previos al juicio. Estas estructuras administrativas, por un lado, potencian la aplicación de las salidas alternativas a la prisión preventiva, así como, por otro, se ocupan de que su aplicación no sea sinónimo de impunidad e inseguridad. Esta estrategia enfrenta dos problemas centrales de la justicia tradicional, la ausencia de un diagnóstico adecuado para escoger la opción cautelar más adecuada, datos del arraigo social, y el seguimiento al régimen impuesto. La ventaja práctica es que esta propuesta se fundamenta en una metodología probada en el contexto internacional, en el Ecuador y recomendada como una buena práctica por la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. De hecho, en Latinoamérica las distintas experiencias cuyos resultados fueron medidos revelan que la aplicación de esta estrategia en diversos momentos alcanzó una efectividad sin precedentes para potenciar medidas sustitutivas y para conseguir la presentación de las personas al juicio. Inclusive, en un momento en el que la prensa y la ciudadanía ejercen presiones para aumentar el encarcelamiento provisional son una respuesta válida, pues el informe emitido transparenta las causas de la resolución judicial adoptada.

ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to propose a public policy intended to ensure an appropriate use of precautionary measures, pre-trial service units. These administrative structures, on the one hand, enhance the application of alternative exits from pretrial detention and, on the other, ensure that their implementation is not synonymous with impunity and insecurity. Specifically, this strategy addresses two central problems of traditional justice: the absence of an adequate diagnosis to choose the most suitable preventive option and the monitoring of the imposed regimen. It specifically focuses on providing verified information about social ties. The practical advantage is that this proposal is based on a methodology proven in the international context, in Ecuador, and recommended as a best practice by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. In fact, in Latin America, various experiences, whose results were measured, reveal that the application of this strategy at different times achieved an unprecedented effectiveness in enhancing substitute measures and ensuring the appearance of individuals at trial. Even at a time when the press and the public exert pressure to increase provisional incarceration, they are a valid response, as the issued report transparently elucidates the reasons behind the adopted judicial resolution.

Abstract In this research, we study the real-time development of the assibilation of prepausal /ɾ/ in the Spanish spoken in the state of Guanajuato. For this purpose, we analyze data on the Spanish spoken in the cities of Guanajuato (capital), Pénjamo (southwest), and San Luis de la Paz (northeast) from both a corpus of sociolinguistic interviews collected in 2019 and from interviews conducted in the same towns in 1972-1973 for the Atlas lingüístico de México (Lope Blanch 1990-2000). Our working hypothesis is that assibilation has spread in the state of Guanajuato by relocation. The data provided by both real-time and apparent time have allowed us to corroborate this hypothesis, with San Luis de la Paz being the locality where assibilation is just reaching its greatest vitality. As for other sociolinguistic dimensions of this process, we have once again confirmed that it is women who adopt the assibilant variants of /ɾ/ at the highest rate. Finally, on a purely linguistic level, our findings point to the fact that it is the front vowels /i e/ as a previous phonetic context and the lexical items of verbal category that are the linguistic variables favoring assibilation.

Resumen En esta investigación, se estudia el desarrollo en tiempo real de la asibilación de la /ɾ/ prepausal en el español del estado de Guanajuato. Para ello, se analizaron los datos del español hablado en las ciudades de Guanajuato (capital), Pénjamo (suroeste) y San Luis de la Paz (noreste) provenientes tanto de un corpus de entrevistas sociolingüísticas recogidas en 2019 como de las entrevistas realizadas en las mismas poblaciones en 1972-1973 para el Atlas lingüístico de México (Lope Blanch 1990-2000). Nuestra hipótesis de trabajo es que la asibilación se ha difundido en el estado de Guanajuato por relocalización. Los datos aportados tanto por el tiempo real como por el tiempo aparente nos han permitido corroborar esta hipótesis, siendo San Luis de la Paz la localidad donde la asibilación apenas está alcanzando su mayor vitalidad. En cuanto a otras dimensiones sociolingüísticas de este proceso, hemos confirmado una vez más que son las mujeres quienes patrocinan las variantes asibiladas de /ɾ/. Finalmente, en el plano netamente lingüístico, nuestros hallazgos apuntan a que son las vocales anteriores /i e/ como contexto fónico previo y las piezas léxicas de categoría verbal las variables lingüísticas que favorecen la asibilación.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en valorar críticamente el modo en que se emplean los términos clave que describen el contenido conceptual y la práctica legislativa de la participación de los trabajadores en la dirección en las organizaciones estatales cubanas, y que aparecen en las principales disposiciones normativas que conforman el derecho de trabajo, el sistema legal empresarial y los documentos programáticos que contienen las estrategias socioeconómicas en Cuba, en su proyección hasta el 2030. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal a partir de procedimientos bibliométricos y el análisis comparativo de los principales documentos regulatorios y normativos enunciados anteriormente. Se evidenció que existe un amplio, multifacético, contextualizado y diferenciado tratamiento de los principales aspectos teóricos, que conforman el «deber ser» de la participación de los trabajadores en la dirección de las organizaciones estatales cubanas. El estudio bibliométrico y análisis comparativo de los textos utilizados permitió constatar que, a pesar de las diferencias económicas, sociopolíticas e ideológicas que existen, se observa cierta coincidencia en el tratamiento del término clave «participación de los trabajadores» que propone el sistema legal y normativo cubano y aquel que plantea la bibliografía especializada a nivel mundial sobre el tema.

ABSTRACT This paper’s purpose is to assess critically the use of key terms operated to describe the conceptual content and normative practice in Cuba’s state organization management of worker’s participation, which appear in main regulatory documents that form labor law regulations. Also in Enterprise’ legal system and programmatic documents that contain the socioeconomic strategies in Cuba in their projection until 2030. It was performed a cross-sectional, descriptive observational study based on bibliometric and comparative analysis of the main regulatory and normative documents stated above. It was evident that there is a broad, multifaceted, contextualized and differentiated treatment of the main theoretical aspects that make up the «duty» of workers' participation in Cuban state organizations management. The comparative analysis allowed stating the fact that besides of the economic, sociopolitical and ideological differences, there is a certain match on the «worker’s participation» keyword treatment provided by the legal and normative Cuban system and the specialized world-level bibliography that studies the subject.

Resumo:Embora a maioria das obras de arte tenha uma componente física incontornável, o estudo da cultura material na história da arte tem sido menos desenvolvido do que o de outros tipos de objectos, como os das artes conhecidas como "artes menores" ou "artes aplicadas". No caso das obras artísticas, a primazia do fator estético/visual tem muitas vezes obscurecido a materialidade. No entanto, não podemos perder de vista que as obras de arte são, antes de mais, objectos e que a materialidade precede as imagens que transmitem. Este artigo primeiro reflete sobre o estado da arte dos estudos da cultura material como fonte de pesquisa histórica tanto no mundo anglófono quanto na América Latina, e depois explora alguns de seus escopos, oportunidades e possíveis projeções para os campos da história da arte e da história da arte. Para essa última disciplina, identificamos três abordagens para o objeto de estudo a partir da perspectiva da cultura material: o estudo da obra de arte como artefato, o estudo dos objetos representados e o estudo do ambiente material do artista (seu estúdio). Ilustraremos essas três abordagens com exemplos da literatura acadêmica revisada.

Abstract:Although most artworks have an inescapable physical component, the study of material culture in the history of art has been less developed than that of other types of objects such as those known as “minor arts” or “applied arts”. In the case of artistic works, the primacy of the aesthetic/visual factor has often obscured materiality. However, we cannot lose sight of the fact that artworks are objects in the first place, and that the materiality precedes the images they convey. This article first reflects on the state of the art of material culture studies as a source for historical research both in the English-speaking world and in Latin America, and then explores some of its scope, opportunities and possible projections for the fields of art history and art history. For the latter discipline we identify three approaches to the object of study from the perspective of material culture: the study of the work of art as artefact, the study of the objects represented and the study of the artist's material environment (his studio). We will illustrate these three approaches with examples from the reviewed academic literature.

Resumen:Aunque la mayoría de las obras de arte tienen un componente físico ineludible, el estudio de la cultura material en la historia del arte ha estado menos desarrollado que el de otro tipo de objetos como los de las llamadas artes "artes menores" o "artes aplicadas". En el caso de las obras artísticas, la primacía del factor estético/visual ha oscurecido a menudo la materialidad. Sin embargo, no podemos perder de vista que las obras de arte son objetos en primer lugar, y que la materialidad precede a las imágenes que transmiten. Este artículo quiere reflexionar primero sobre el estado de la cuestión respecto a los estudios de la cultura material como fuente para la investigación histórica tanto en el ámbito anglosajón como latinoamericano, para luego explorar algunos de sus alcances, oportunidades y posibles proyecciones para los campos de la historia y la historia del arte. Para esta última disciplina identificamos tres aproximaciones al objeto de estudio desde la perspectiva de la cultura material: el estudio de la obra de arte como artefacto, el estudio de los objetos representados y el estudio del entorno material del artista (su taller). Ilustraremos estos tres enfoques con ejemplos desde la literatura académica revisada.

Resumen: Este estudio buscó evaluar los aportes de un entrenamiento parental híbrido realizado con ocho madres de niños preescolares con trastorno del espectro autista basado en la ciencia del análisis aplicado de la conducta para la reducción del estrés parental. Se llevó a cabo la construcción e implementación de un entrenamiento parental híbrido. Se dividió la muestra en grupo de tratamiento y control, y se realizaron comparaciones del nivel de estrés en el período pre/postintervención, así como el análisis de la práctica directa con el niño en un cara a cara con el grupo de tratamiento. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que las madres del grupo de tratamiento reaccionaron positivamente a los videos y materiales presentados; sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias estadísticas significativas que sugieran una reducción en el nivel de estrés entre los dos grupos. Las limitaciones del estudio fueron el pequeño tamaño de la muestra y el hecho de que los niños de ambos grupos continuaron recibiendo tratamiento de terapia intensiva durante la implementación de la capacitación de los padres.

Resumo: Este estudo buscou avaliar as contribuições de um treinamento parental híbrido realizado com oito mães de crianças pré-escolares com transtorno do espectro do autismo baseado na ciência da análise do comportamento aplicada para a redução do estresse parental. Foi realizado a construção e implementação do treinamento parental híbrido. A amostra foi dividida em grupo tratamento e controle. Em termos de análise de dados, foram feitas comparações do nível de estresse no período pré/pós-intervenção, assim como a análise de uma prática direta com a criança de forma presencial com o grupo tratamento. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que as mães do grupo tratamento reagiram positivamente com as vídeos e materiais apresentados. No entanto, não foi observado diferenças estatísticas significativas para sugerir a redução do nível de estresse entre os dois grupos. As limitações do estudo foram o tamanho reduzido da amostra e o fato das crianças de ambos os grupos continuarem recebendo o tratamento em terapia intensiva durante a aplicação do treinamento parental.

Abstract: This study sought to evaluate the contributions of a hybrid parental training carried out with eight mothers of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder, based on the science of applied behavioral analysis for reducing parental stress. The hybrid parental training was constructed and implemented by the researchers. The sample was divided into two groups: a Treatment Group and a Control Group. In the data analysis, comparisons were made of the levels of stress pre- and post-intervention and for the treatment group, direct practice with the child in a face-to-face environment was also analyzed. The results showed that the mothers in the treatment group reacted positively to the video and materials presented; however, no significant statistical differences were found that would suggest a reduction in stress levels between the two groups as a result of the training given. The limitations of the study were its small sample size and the fact that the children in both groups continued to receive intensive therapy treatment during the application of the parental training.

Abstract This article presents as a general objective the analysis of a collera (group of prisoners), composed almost entirely by apache (n´dé) women and children which was forcefully removed from the villa of Chihuahua and sent off to Mexico City. The inhumane and particularly cruel character of this removal draws the conclusions of this work. Suicides as means of liberation among the elder, as well as many epidemics and illnesses contracted, rebel acts which are mainly silenced and implied in the researched documents, and other grave problems are analyzed. The fundamental hypothesis, which derives the general conclusion of this article, is that these events brought the death and disappearance of approximately half of the members of the collera, a fact which high-lights the importance of this type of research. The essential analysis methods where the comparative-historical and the analytical-synthetical in accordance to the development of this decisive history that, given its transcendence, surpassed its theoretical conception in this case study. Documental sources referring the studied collera and other sources were used for this research in accordance to the comparative work that was done with other Iberoamerican territories.

Resumen El artículo presenta como objetivo general el análisis de una collera, en su inmensa mayoría compuesta por mujeres, niños y niñas apaches (n’dé), enviada desde la villa de Chihuahua hasta la ciudad de México, en cuanto al carácter inhumano y particularmente cruel de su traslado forzoso, de lo que resultan las conclusiones del trabajo. Por ello se analizan los suicidios cometidos como vía de liberación entre las ancianas, así como las numerosas epidemias y enfermedades contraídas, y los actos de rebeldía implícitos y silenciados, sobre todo, en la documentación analizada, entre otros graves problemas. Se plantea como hipótesis fundamental, de la que deriva la conclusión general del artículo, que todo ello trajo como resultado la muerte y la desaparición de aproximadamente la mitad de los integrantes de la collera, lo que recalca la necesidad de profundizar en este tipo de investigaciones. Para ello, los métodos de análisis esenciales utilizados fueron el histórico-comparativo y el analítico-sintético, en función del desarrollo de la historia coyuntural, que se prolongó más allá de su concepción teórica en el caso objeto de estudio, dada su trascendencia. Para todo ello se manejaron esencialmente fuentes documentales y, en particular, las referidas al extenso expediente de la collera estudiada, así como otras de carácter biblio-hemerográfico, en función de las comparaciones efectuadas con otros confines de la América ibérica.

Abstract In order to understand how mainstream media companies utilise fact-checking services, this paper investigates the following research question: to what extent did the Brazilian agencies Estadão Verifica and Fato ou Fake endeavour to reinforce their epistemic authority through fact-checking during the administrations of Jair Bolsonaro (2019-2022) and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2023-present)? For this examination, all texts published by the two agencies that mentioned Jair Bolsonaro in their titles between January and May 2022 and Lula between January and May 2023 were collected. The corpus consisted of 119 checks (95 from Estadão Verifica and 24 from Fato ou Fake) and was subjected to content analysis. The data indicates that the agencies’ coverage focused on similar issues during the two administrations, with more than half of the publications refuting rumours detrimental to Lula. The results also reveal that the fact-checking process prioritises journalism’s own sources. In other words, Estadão Verifica and Fato ou Fake primarily relied on their own material or that of other mainstream media companies to verify the selected stories - this approach suggests limits to the transparency of the investigation, since much of the information used has already undergone editorial filtering, which is not always clear to the public.

Resumo Com o objetivo de compreender de que modo empresas de comunicação mainstream mobilizam o serviço de verificação de fatos, este trabalho investiga a seguinte questão de pesquisa: em que medida as agências brasileiras Estadão Verifica e Fato ou Fake buscam reforçar sua autoridade epistêmica por meio da checagem de fatos ao longo dos Governos de Jair Bolsonaro (2019-2022) e Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2023-presente)? Para isso, foram coletados todos os textos publicados pelas duas agências que, em seus títulos, mencionaram Jair Bolsonaro, entre janeiro e maio de 2022, e Lula, entre janeiro e maio de 2023. O corpus compreende 119 checagens (95 do Estadão Verifica e 24 do Fato ou Fake) e foi submetido à análise de conteúdo. Os dados indicam que as coberturas das agências se concentraram em assuntos semelhantes durante os dois Governos - sendo que mais de metade das publicações desmentiu boatos prejudiciais a Lula. Os resultados revelam, ainda, que o processo de verificação de fatos dá ênfase a fontes do próprio jornalismo. Isto é, o Estadão Verifica e o Fato ou Fake mobilizaram materiais próprios ou de outras empresas de comunicação mainstream a fim de checar as histórias selecionadas - o que sugere limites à transparência da apuração, uma vez que muitas das informações utilizadas já passaram, anteriormente, por filtros editoriais, nem sempre claros ao público.