Resumen Introducción: El aumento en el uso de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, internet y redes so-ciales ha dado lugar a cambios significativos en la forma en que las personas se comunican, lo que conlleva consecuencias negativas que pueden comprometer la salud psicológica y física. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar una adaptación y validación de la Escala General de Phubbing en una población española. Método: Trescientos cuarenta y seis participantes españoles participaron en el estudio completando medidas de autoinforme para evaluar sus niveles de phubbing, adicción a Internet, adicción al teléfono y Fear of Missing Out (FoMO). Resultados: La adaptación de la escala al español resultó en propiedades psicométricas de alta calidad y preservación del número original de ítems y la estructura (nomofobia, con-tacto interpersonal, autoaislamiento y reconocimiento del problema). Además, el análisis de la relación entre las variables mostró que el phubbing y sus dimensiones estaban positivamente asociados con constructos relacionados, incluyendo la adicción a internet, adicción al teléfono y FoMO. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos proporcionan evidencia empírica sobre la fiabilidad y validez de la versión en español de la Escala General de Phubbing como una herramienta para evaluar compor-tamientos de phubbing.

Abstract Introduction: The increased use of information and communication technologies, the internet and social networking sites has resulted in significant changes in the way people communicate, leading to negative consequences that might compromise psychological and physical health. The aim of this study was to present an adaptation and validation of the Generic Scale of Phubbing into a Spanish language context. Method: Three hundred forty-six Spanish respondents participated in the study by completing self-report measures for assessing their levels of phubbing, internet addiction, phone addiction, and fear of missing out (FoMO). Results: The scale adaptation to Spanish resulted in high quality psycho-metric properties and the original number of items and structure were preserved (nomophobia, interpersonal contact, self-isolation, and problem acknowledgement). In addition, the analysis of the relationship between variables showed that phubbing and its dimensions were positively associated with related constructs including internet addiction, phone ad-diction, and FoMO. Conclusions: The findings provide empirical evidence regarding the reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the Generic Scale of Phubbing as a tool to assess phubbing behaviours.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The indiscriminate use of social networks is closely related to social anxiety, including Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), an expression in English that means the “fear of being left out”. This phenomenon is defined as a lasting apprehension that others may be having rewarding experiences from which the user is absent, and FoMO can be intensified in specific situations, such as during the Covid-19 pandemic. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and predictive factors of Fear Of Missing Out among medical students from a federal public university in the Legal Amazon during the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: This is an analytical study, with a cross-sectional design and a quantitative approach. The data were obtained through an online questionnaire, made available to study participants through Google forms®, which addressed sociodemographic, economic, academic characteristics, lifestyle habits and health status. To assess FoMO, the Fear of Missing Out Scale was applied. For the statistical analysis, multivariate analysis was performed, and the crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and the 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated, with the significance level of 5% (p<0.05) being adopted for the final adjusted model. Results: 185 students participated in the study, with 42.2% of respondents having FoMO during the Covid-19 pandemic. The predictive factors of FoMO included residing in student housing [PR 1.66 (95%CI 1.03 - 2.54); p = 0.037] and presence of symptoms of depression during the Covid-19 pandemic [PR 2.03 (95%CI 1.27 - 3.25); p = 0.003]. Conclusion: The prevalence of FoMO among medical students from the assessed institution was high, and sociodemographic factors and health status remained associated with the investigated outcome. These findings indicate the need to implement emotional support strategies and promote the health and well-being of medical students, contributing to a more holistic and healthy approach in the training of future medical professionals, especially in public universities. Introduction anxiety , (FoMO) fear out. out . out” absent situations Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 Objective Method crosssectional cross sectional questionnaire forms forms® economic characteristics applied performed PR (PR 95 95%CI 95CI CI calculated 5 p<0.05 p005 0 05 (p<0.05 model Results 18 422 42 2 42.2 166 1 66 1.6 103 03 1.0 2.54 254 54 2.54) 0.037 0037 037 203 2.0 127 27 1.2 3.25 325 3 25 3.25) 0.003. 0003 0.003 003 0.003] Conclusion high outcome wellbeing well professionals universities (FoMO Covid1 Covid- 9 p<0.0 p00 (p<0.0 4 42. 16 6 1. 10 2.5 0.03 20 2. 12 3.2 32 000 0.00 00 p<0. p0 (p<0. 0.0 3. p<0 (p<0 0. p< (p< (p

RESUMO Introdução: O uso indiscriminado das redes sociais está intimamente relacionado à ansiedade social, incluindo o Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), expressão em inglês que significa “medo de ficar de fora”. Esse fenômeno é definido como uma apreensão duradoura de que os outros podem estar tendo experiências gratificantes das quais o usuário está ausente, e o FoMO pode ser intensificado em situações específicas, como o caso da pandemia da Covid-19. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência e os fatores preditores do FoMO em acadêmicos de Medicina de uma universidade pública federal da Amazônia Legal durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Método: Trata-se de um estudo analítico, com delineamento transversal e abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de um questionário online, disponibilizado aos participantes do estudo por meio do Google Forms®. Esse questionário abordava características sociodemográficas, econômicas, acadêmicas, hábitos de vida e estado de saúde. Para avaliação do FoMO, foi aplicada a Fear of Missing Out Scale. Para análise estatística, realizou-se análise multivariada, e calcularam-se as razões de prevalência (RP) brutas e ajustadas e o intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%), sendo adotado, para o modelo final ajustado, o nível de significância de 5% (p < 0,05). Resultado: Participaram do estudo 185 acadêmicos, dos quais 42,2% apresentaram FoMO durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Entre os fatores preditores do FoMO, estão residir em república de estudantes [RP 1,66 (IC95% 1,03-2,54); p = 0,037] e presença de sintomas de depressão durante a pandemia da Covid-19 [RP 2,03 (IC95% 1,27-3,25); p = 0,003]. Conclusão: A prevalência do FoMO em acadêmicos de Medicina da instituição investigada foi elevada, e fatores sociodemográficos e estado de saúde se mantiveram associados ao desfecho investigado. Esses achados apontam para a necessidade da implementação de estratégias de suporte emocional e promoção da saúde e do bem-estar dos acadêmicos de Medicina, contribuindo para uma abordagem mais holística e saudável na formação dos futuros profissionais médicos, sobretudo nas universidades públicas. Introdução social , (FoMO) medo fora. fora . fora” ausente específicas Covid19. Covid19 Covid 19. 19 Objetivo Método Tratase Trata analítico quantitativa online Forms Forms® sociodemográficas econômicas acadêmicas Scale estatística realizouse realizou multivariada calcularamse calcularam RP (RP 95 IC95%, IC95 IC IC95% (IC95%) adotado ajustado 5 0,05. 005 0,05 0 05 0,05) Resultado 18 422 42 2 42,2 166 1 66 1,6 (IC95 1,032,54 103254 1,03 2,54 03 54 1,03-2,54) 0,037 0037 037 Covid-1 203 2,0 1,273,25 127325 1,27 3,25 27 3 25 1,27-3,25) 0,003. 0003 0,003 003 0,003] Conclusão elevada investigado bemestar bem médicos públicas (FoMO Covid1 9 IC9 00 0,0 4 42, 16 6 1, (IC9 032 1,032,5 10325 103 1,0 254 2,5 1,03-2,54 0,03 Covid- 20 2, 273 1,273,2 12732 127 1,2 325 3,2 1,27-3,25 000 0,00 0, (IC 1,032, 1032 10 1,03-2,5 1,273, 1273 12 32 3, 1,27-3,2 1,032 1,03-2, 1,273 1,27-3, 1,03-2 1,27-3 1,03- 1,27-

Resumen: Se examina en este estudio el fenómeno del Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), caracterizado por la angustia causada por la percepción de estar excluido o no participar en actividades en las que están involucrados los compañeros. Se utiliza la Escala FoMO, compuesta por 10 ítems, para medir los niveles de este sentimiento. La investigación tuvo como objetivo traducir, adaptar y validar la Escala Fear of Missing Out para el contexto brasileño. Para lograr este objetivo, el estudio siguió dos etapas metodológicas distintas: la primera se refirió a la traducción y adaptación, mientras que la segunda abarcó la aplicación de la escala, acompañada de un análisis de la validez de contenido y de constructo. En la fase inicial, el proceso involucró la traducción en sí, seguida de la retrotraducción y la evaluación posterior por parte de expertos y del público objetivo. Avanzando a la segunda etapa, se llevó a cabo un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) utilizando el software Factor, que incluyó a 646 participantes de entre 18 y 63 años (M = 32.60; DE = 11.84). El análisis factorial exploratorio reveló la presencia de una única dimensión en la escala, en línea con la estructura original. Además, el estudio proporcionó dos formas de evidencia de validez para el instrumento, considerando su novedosa aplicación en el contexto brasileño. La capacidad de utilizar esta escala en este escenario abre la puerta a estudios transculturales que abordan este tema.

Abstract: The Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) phenomenon, characterized by the distress caused by the perception of being excluded or not participating in activities in which peers are involved, is examined in this study. The FoMO Scale, comprising 10 items, is employed to measure the levels of this sentiment. The research aimed to translate, adapt, and validate the Fear of Missing Out Scale for the Brazilian context. To achieve this objective, the study followed two distinct methodological stages: the first pertained to translation and adaptation, while the second encompassed the scale's application, accompanied by an analysis of content and construct validity evidence. In the initial phase, the process involved the translation itself, followed by back-translation and subsequent evaluation by experts and the target audience. Moving on to the second stage, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted using the Factor software, involving 646 participants aged between 18 and 63 years (M = 32.60; SD = 11.84). The exploratory factor analysis revealed the presence of a single dimension in the scale, in line with the original structure. Furthermore, the study provided two forms of valid evidence for the instrument, considering its novel application in the Brazilian context. The ability to utilize this scale in this scenario opens the door to cross-cultural studies addressing this theme.

Resumo: O Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), descrito como um desconforto causado pela sensação de estar excluído ou não participar de atividades nas quais os colegas estejam envolvidos, é analisado neste estudo. A Escala FoMO, composta por 10 itens, é empregada para mensurar os níveis desse sentimento. O objetivo da pesquisa consistiu em realizar a tradução, adaptação e validação da Fear of Missing Out Scale para o cenário brasileiro. Para alcançar esse propósito, o estudo seguiu duas etapas metodológicas distintas: a primeira diz respeito à tradução e adaptação, enquanto a segunda abrangeu a aplicação da escala, acompanhada da análise das evidências de validade de conteúdo e construto. Na primeira fase, o processo compreendeu a tradução propriamente dita, seguida pela tradução reversa e subsequente avaliação por parte de especialistas e do público-alvo. Já na segunda etapa, conduziu-se uma análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) utilizando o software Factor, que envolveu 646 participantes, com idades entre 18 e 63 anos (M = 32,60; DP = 11,84). A análise fatorial exploratória apontou para a presença de uma única dimensão na escala, em concordância com a estrutura original da mesma. Além disso, o estudo apresentou duas formas de evidência de validade para o instrumento, considerando sua aplicação inédita no contexto brasileiro. A possibilidade de utilizar a escala nesse cenário possibilita a realização de estudos transculturais abordando esse tema.

Abstract Background There is an interrelationship between the concepts of social exclusion, compulsive buying behavior, fear of missing out (FoMO), and narcissism. Nevertheless, the extent to which these concepts mediate or moderate their relationships with each other has not been efficiently investigated. Objective This research aims to investigate how FoMO mediates and narcissism moderates the correlation between social exclusion and compulsive buying behavior. In addition, the research aims to test a conceptual model and highlight the differences that may occur in the conceptual model proposed in two different countries. Methods This model was analyzed among 1007 university students (Turkey =506, Denmark =501). The study used scales to measure social exclusion, compulsive buying behavior, FoMO, and narcissism. The study employed PROCESS Model 4 to analyze direct and indirect (mediation) effects and PROCESS Model 59 to assess conditional (moderation) effects. Furthermore, the Johnson-Neyman technique was utilized to investigate interaction terms. Results The findings indicate that those who face social exclusion tend to participate more in compulsive buying, and this connection is partly explained by FoMO. This suggests that individuals who encounter social exclusion may have an increased likelihood of experiencing FoMO, which may subsequently contribute to compulsive buying behavior. Furthermore, the moderating effect of narcissism differed between the Turkey and Danish samples. Specifically, in the Turkey sample, narcissism only modified the connection between social exclusion and FoMO, while in the Danish sample, it impacted both the connection between social exclusion and FoMO and the connection between FoMO and compulsive buying. Conclusion The obtained results show that the regulating role of narcissism is different in Turkey and Denmark within the conceptual model we studied. behavior , (FoMO) Nevertheless investigated addition countries 100 506 =506 =501. 501 =501 . =501) mediation (mediation 5 moderation (moderation Furthermore JohnsonNeyman Johnson Neyman terms samples Specifically sample studied (FoMO 10 50 =50 1 =5 =

Resumen La cantidad de tiempo que los jóvenes de la India pasan en Instagram ha crecido de manera exponencial. Esta plataforma de redes sociales es un mar de imágenes que reflejan las actividades que realizan las personas, pero la visualización constante de la vida de otras personas puede generar un sentimiento de insatisfacción con respecto a la propia vida. El miedo a perderse de algo (FoMO, por sus siglas en inglés) surge cuando una persona que no puede participar o comprometerse con las actividades de los demás experimenta sentimientos de soledad y aislamiento. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo examinar la asociación entre el tiempo dedicado a Instagram y su efecto en el FoMO y la soledad. La muestra del estudio consta de 401 participantes, principalmente entre los 18 y 24 años de edad, involucrados mediante métodos de muestreo por conveniencia. Se aplicó a los participantes el formulario abreviado del FoMO de un solo ítem (FoMOsf) y la escala de soledad de tres ítems para medir el FoMO y la soledad, respectivamente. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial para analizar los datos y se realizó un análisis de varianza de una vía entre el tiempo que uno pasa en Instagram y las variables FoMO y soledad. En el análisis, se descubrió una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el aumento de la cantidad de tiempo dedicado a Instagram, es decir, menos de una hora, 1 a 2 horas y tres o más horas para el FoMO [F (2398) = 17,92, p < 0,05] y la soledad [F (2.398) = 3,57, p ≤ 0,029]. Por lo tanto, pasar más tiempo en Instagram hace que las personas experimenten niveles significativamente mayores de FoMO y soledad.

Abstract The amount of time spent on Instagram by young people in India has grown exponentially. This social media platform is a sea of visuals that reflect the activities people are engaging in. The constant viewing of other people’s lives can lead to a feeling of dissatisfaction about one’s own life. The Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) emerges when an individual who is unable to participate in or engage with the activities of others, experiences feelings of loneliness and isolation. This study aims to examine the association between the time spent on Instagram and its effect on FoMO and Loneliness. The study sample consisted of 401 participants, primarily 18-24 years old, collected via convenience sampling methods. The single item Fear of Missing Out short form (FoMOsf) and the three-item Loneliness scale were administered to participants to measure FoMO and loneliness, respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. A one-way analysis of variance was computed between the time one spends on Instagram and the variables of FoMO and loneliness. The analysis uncovered a statistically significant difference between the increasing amount of time spent on Instagram, that is, less than one hour, 1-2 hours, and three or more hours for FoMO [F (2,398) = 17.92, p < 0.05] and loneliness [F (2,398) = 3.57, p ≤ 0.029]. Therefore, more time spent on Instagram results in individuals experiencing significantly greater levels of FoMO and loneliness.

Resumo A quantidade de tempo que os jovens da Índia passam no Instagram vem crescendo de maneira exponencial. Essa plataforma de redes sociais é um mar de imagens que refletem as atividades que as pessoas realizam, mas a visualização constante da vida de outras pessoas pode gerar um sentimento de insatisfação a respeito da própria vida. O medo de ficar de fora (FoMO, por sua sigla em inglês) surge quando uma pessoa que não pode participar ou se comprometer com as atividades dos demais experimenta sentimentos de solidão e isolamento. Este estudo tem o objetivo de analisar a associação entre o tempo dedicado ao Instagram e seu efeito no FoMO e na solidão. A amostra do estudo consta de 401 participantes, principalmente entre 18 e 24 anos de idade, envolvidos mediante métodos de amostragem de conveniência. Foi aplicado aos participantes o questionário abreviado do medo de ficar de fora de um só item (FoMOsf) e o inventário de solidão de três itens para avaliar o FoMO e a solidão, respectivamente. Foi utilizada estatística descritiva e inferencial para analisar os dados e foi realizada uma análise de variância de uma via entre o tempo gasto no Instagram e as variáveis FoMO e solidão. Na análise, foi constatada uma diferença estatisticamente significativa no aumento da quantidade de tempo dedicado ao Instagram, isto é, menos de uma hora, de 1 a 2 horas e 3 horas ou mais para o FoMO [F (2398) = 17,92, p < 0,05] e a solidão [F (2.398) = 3,57, p ≤ 0,029]. Portanto, passar mais tempo no Instagram faz com que as pessoas experimentem níveis significativamente maiores de FoMO e de solidão.

RESUMO Este artigo aproxima os estudos de jornalismo e a psicologia social para investigar, com um método quantitativo, as percepções da audiência sobre a mídia noticiosa nos estágios iniciais da pandemia Covid-19 no Brasil, verificando as relações entre credibilidade da mídia, bem-estar subjetivo (BES) e fear of missing out (FoMO). Participaram deste estudo 306 brasileiros, que responderam um questionário demográfico, uma escala de credibilidade da mídia e questões sobre características comportamentais. Os resultados revelam que as médias das medidas de credibilidade da mídia são altas, com mais de 70% dos entrevistados avaliando o trabalho da imprensa como excelente ou bom. Pessoas com médias mais altas de afetos negativos tendem a perceber a mídia como mais confiável. Além disso, os indivíduos que relatam medo de perder notícias durante a Covid-19 experienciam mais afetos negativos e também dão mais credibilidade para a mídia. Argumenta-se que, em uma época de medo e incerteza, os cidadãos parecem confiar mais em instituições sólidas, aceitando seus relatos de forma menos crítica. Também é discutido que eventos com riscos desconhecidos podem atrair mais atenção do que acontecimentos regulares e isso mantém a vigilância sobre notícias específicas. Estudos futuros podem adicionar medidas adicionais de FoMO e usar amostras mais diversas em diferentes contextos.

ABSTRACT This article pairs journalism studies and social psychology to investigate, with a quantitative method, audience perceptions of news media in the initial stages of the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil by verifying the relations among media credibility, subjective well-being (SWB), and fear of missing out (FoMO). All told, 306 Brazilians took part in this study, answering a questionnaire to elicit demographic data, perceptions of media credibility, and behavioral characteristics. The findings revealed high averages of measures of news media credibility, with over 70% of respondents evaluating the work of the press as excellent or good. People with higher averages of negative affects tended to perceive the news media as more reliable. Furthermore, individuals who reported fear of missing out on the news during Covid-19 experienced more negative affect, and attributed greater credibility to news media. These findings show that in a time of fear and uncertainty, citizens seem to trust solid institutions more, accepting their reports less critically. We also found that unknown risks can attract attention more than regular events, tending to keep vigilance on specific news. Future studies can add additional measures of FoMO and use more diverse samples in different contexts.

RESUMEN Este artículo aborda los estudios de periodismo y psicología social para investigar, con un método cuantitativo, las percepciones de la audiencia sobre los medios de comunicación en las primeras etapas de la pandemia de Covid-19 en Brasil, verificando las relaciones entre la credibilidad de los medios, el bienestar subjetivo (BES) y el fear of missing out (FoMO). En este estudio participaron 306 brasileños, quienes respondieron un cuestionario demográfico, una escala de credibilidad mediática y preguntas sobre características de comportamiento. Los resultados revelan que los promedios de las medidas de credibilidad de los medios son altos, con más del 70% de los encuestados calificando el trabajo de prensa como excelente o bueno. Las personas con promedios más altos de afecto negativo tienden a percibir los medios como más confiables. Además, las personas que reportan miedo a perderse noticias durante el Covid-19 experimentan más efectos negativos y también dan más credibilidad a los medios. Se argumenta que, en una época de miedo e incertidumbre, los ciudadanos parecen confiar en instituciones más sólidas, aceptando sus cuentas de manera menos crítica. También se discute que los eventos con riesgos desconocidos pueden atraer más atención que los eventos regulares y esto mantiene al tanto de noticias específicas. Los estudios futuros pueden agregar medidas adicionales de FoMO y utilizar muestras más diversas en diferentes contextos.

Abstract: Phubbing is a communication disturbance that consists in snubbing the company of another person by paying attention to one's mobile phone. It is common in young people and has implications for the quality of social interaction. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), Facebook addiction, feelings of loneliness, age, and phubbing. Using convenience sampling, 209 students from a private university in Lima, Peru, were selected. Their ages ranged from 17 to 37 years, with a mean age of 21.28 years (SD = 3.42). Most were women (64.1%). The study adopted an explanatory design. The Phubbing Scale, the FoMO Scale, the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale, and the Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale were administered. The data were analyzed through Pearson's linear correlation coefficients and a linear regression model, which showed that FoMO and Facebook addiction have direct effects on phubbing; that age has indirect effects on its variance; and that loneliness does not significantly explain this behavior.

Resumen: El phubbing es una perturbación de la comunicación que consiste en desairar la compañía de otra persona por prestar atención al teléfono móvil. Es común en jóvenes y tiene implicancias en la calidad de la interacción social. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la relación entre el Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), la adicción a Facebook, los sentimientos de soledad, la edad y el phubbing. Se seleccionaron por conveniencia 209 estudiantes de una universidad privada de Lima, Perú, cuyas edades oscilaron entre los 17 y 37 años, con una edad promedio 21,28 años (DE = 3,42), de los cuales la mayoría fueron mujeres (64,1%). La investigación siguió un diseño explicativo. Se aplicaron la Escala de Phubbing, la Escala de FoMO, la Escala de Adicción a Facebook de Bergen y la Escala de Soledad de Jong Gierveld. Los datos se analizaron a través de coeficientes de correlación lineal de Pearson y un modelo de regresión lineal, el que mostró que el FoMO y la adicción a Facebook tienen efectos directos sobre el phubbing; la edad tiene efectos indirectos sobre su varianza; la soledad no explica significativamente este comportamiento.

This article discusses the fear of missing out (FOMO) on rewarding experiences, an important psychological construct in contemporary times. We present an overview of the FOMO construct and its operational definition and measurement. Then, we review recent empirical research on FOMO’s relationship with levels of online social engagement, problematic technology and internet communication use, negative affectivity, and sociodemographic variables. Additionally, we discuss theoretical conceptualizations regarding possible causes of FOMO and how FOMO may drive problematic internet technology use. Finally, we discuss future directions for the empirical study of FOMO. (FOMO experiences times measurement Then FOMOs s engagement use affectivity variables Additionally Finally

Abstract Background: This study's main purpose was to examine the psychometric properties of FoMOs' adaptation among the Indonesian adolescents' population. The second aim was to investigate the concurrent validity of the Indonesian version to provide evidence for the validity. Also, FoMOs' difference level between demographic variance analyses was performed. Method: The study involved a cross-sectional online survey design with 638 Indonesian adolescents aged 16-24 (M = 19.08, SD = 14.70). FoMO was measured by a 16-item that has been modified from the original 10-item. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out to study its scores' evidence of structural validity. Besides, to study its scores' evidence of convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity concerning other variables such as stress, anxiety, and depression (Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale-21), and general health condition (General Health Questionnaire Scale-12), correlation analyses were conducted. To study the sensitivity, we assessed the effect of sociodemographic and social media use on the scale's ability to identify the population's risk to the FoMO by conducting analyses of variance. The Cronbach alpha values (α = .93) indicated that internal consistency of the scale was at an adequate level. Results: Exploratory factorial analyses revealed adequate adjustment for the new version of the scale showing the three factorial structures. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the 12-item of Indonesian FoMO had a good fit (X2/df = 289.324/51; goodness-of-fit index (GFI) = 0.928; RMSEA = 0.086; comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.915; normed fit index (NFI) = 0.899; parsimony normed fit index (PNFI) = .695; Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.890). Conclusion: This study has shown that the modified 12-item Fear of Missing Out Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for Indonesian adolescents. It showed that the Indonesian version of Fear of Missing Out Scale has adequate psychometric properties to measure Indonesian adolescents' online behavior.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine whether fear of missing out (FoMO) mediate relations between social self-efficacy and life satisfaction among undergraduates. The participants involved 323 undergraduates (female, 66.3%; male, 33.7%). The age of participants ranged between 18 and 32 years ( M = 21.52, SD = 2.69). The study data was gathered using the Fear of Missing out Scale, the Social Efficacy and Social Outcome Expectation Scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. The research data were analyzed using the structural equation model and bootstrapping method. As a result of the structural equation model, FoMO mediates the relationship between social self-efficacy and life satisfaction. As a result of the bootstrapping analysis, it was seen that all direct and indirect effects are significant. The results, recommendations, and limitations of the study were discussed.

Resumen: El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo explicar sobre FoMO, ansiedad y medios sociales, identificando categorías y variables involucradas en ese contexto por medio de una revisión sistemática de literatura del tipo exploratoria, en los respectivos bancos de datos: Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO y PsycINFO lilas y de segunda mano, solamente los artículos empíricos publicados en portugués e inglés los últimos diez (10) años. Se concluye, así, con bases en las bases utilizadas en esa investigación, a partir de datos oficiales, que la personalidad es entendida como predictora del compromiso y uso problemático de los medios sociales, además, se constata que la asociación con el FoMO es directa , ya que tales rasgos provocarán la necesidad de los individuos de permanecer conectados y conectados, independientemente de cualquier costo o consecuencia, generando así ansiedad

Abstract: The present work aims to explain FoMO, anxiety and social media, identifying categories and related variables through a systematic review of exploratory literature in the respective databases: Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Lilacs, using only empirical articles published in Portuguese and English in the last 10 years. It is concluded, based on the databases used in this research, that the personality is understood as a predictor of the engagement and problematic use of social media, in addition, it is verified that the association with the FoMO is direct, since such traits provoke a need of the individuals to remain online and connected, independently of any cost or consequence, generating anxiety.

Resumo: O presente trabalho tem por objetivo explanar sobre FoMO, ansiedade e mídias sociais, identificando categorias e variáveis envolvidas nesse contexto por meio de uma revisão sistemática de literatura do tipo exploratória, nos respectivos bancos de dados: Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO e Lilacs, sendo utilizados, apenas, artigos empíricos publicados em língua portuguesa e inglesa dos últimos (10) dez anos. Conclui-se, assim, com bases nas bases utilizados nessa pesquisa, a partir de dados oficiais, que a personalidade é entendida como preditora do engajamento e uso problemático das mídias sociais, além disso, constata-se que a associação com o FoMO é direta, visto que tais traços provocarão a necessidade dos indivíduos de permanecer online e conectados, independentemente de qualquer custo ou consequência, gerando, desta forma, ansiedade.

Abstract Despite the growing research on social networks sites (SNS), the associations between the abuse of these platforms, the phenomenon of Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) and Online Vulnerability has been understudied. The aim of this research was to provide a framework of attitudes and behaviors related to the use of the social network in young university students. In this study, the sample was composed to 306 Italian university students aged 18 to 30 (152 women; mean of age = 21.8; standard deviation = 3.19) who responded to an online survey regarding their SNS behaviors, Fear of Missing Out (FOMO), Basic Psychological Needs, Self-Esteem and Online Vulnerability. Correlations analysis showed a positive relationship between FOMO, Online Vulnerability, and Social Media Addiction. The results showed that women have a higher level of Social Media Addiction and the Need for Relatedness. The regression analysis showed that FOMO is the best predictor of Social Media Addiction. Implications of the findings in the educational field are discussed.

Resumen Si bien existe un crecimiento en investigación sobre las redes sociales, es necesario señalar que las asociaciones entre el abuso de estas plataformas, el fenómeno del Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) o Miedo a perderse experiencias y de la Vulnerabilidad en línea han sido poco estudiadas. En ese sentido, esta investigación tiene como objetivo proporcionar un marco de las actitudes y comportamientos relacionados con el uso de las redes sociales en jóvenes universitarios. Para ello, se realizó una muestra que contó con la participación de 306 estudiantes universitarios de 18 a 30 años (152 mujeres y 154 hombres; edad promedio = 21.8; desviación estándar = 3.19) y respondió a un cuestionario en línea, respecto al uso de las redes ociales, Fear of Missing Out (FOMO), Necesidades psicológicas básicas, Auto-estima y Vulnerabilidad en línea. El análisis de correlaciones mostró una relación positiva entre el FOMO, la Vulnerabilidad en línea y la Adicción a redes sociales. Los resultados evidenciaron que las mujeres tienen mayores niveles de adicción a redes sociales y de necesidad de apoyo. El análisis de regresión mostró que el FOMO es el mejor predictor de la Adicción a redes sociales. Finalmente, se discuten las repercusiones en el ámbito educativo de los resultados.

Resumo Apesar da crescente pesquisa sobre as redes sociais, as associações entre o abuso destas plataformas, o fenômeno do Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) e da Vulnerabilidade Online foram pouco estudadas. Esta investigação destina-se a proporcionar um quadro de atitudes e comportamentos relacionados com a utilização das redes sociais em jovens universitários. Neste estudo, a amostra foi composta por 306 universitários de 18 a 30 anos (152 mulheres; idade média = 21,8; desvio padrão = 3.19) e respondeu a um questionário on-line sobre o uso das redes sociais, Fear of Missing Out (FOMO), Necessidades psicológicas básicas, Auto-estima e Vulnerabilidade online. A análise de correlação mostrou uma relação positiva entre o FOMO, a Vulnerabilidade online e a dependencia de redes sociais. Os resultados mostraram que as mulheres têm um nível mais alto de dependência de redes sociais e de necessidade de apoio. A análise de regressão mostrou que o FOMO é o melhor preditor da Dependencia de redes sociais. Finalmente, discutem-se as implicações em âmbito educativo dos resultados.

The research was aim to determine the degree of relationship between syndrome FOMO (Fear of missing out) and written language students of Secondary Educational Institution "José Antonio Encinas" of Juliaca city, 2017. They used the descriptive-correlational design of such non-experimental, positivist paradigm and approach quantitative. The sample was intentional and not probabilistic, made up of students from the fifth grade of secondary, the which they were evaluated with instruments: the questionnaire Fear of missing out syndrome to measure syndrome Fear of missing out and a second questionnaire to measure written language. At the end of the investigation it was identified that the students present Fear of missing out syndrome, very frequently at a very high level, with a frequency that represents 41.37%. Likewise, it has been identified that 63% of students do not respect the spelling regulations, all evidenced in the level of use of the written language Chat. The results indicate that there is r = 0.89 **, of correlation between the two variables, which implies a high positive relationship between Fear of missing out syndrome and written language

La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el grado de relación entre el síndrome de Fear of missing out y el lenguaje escrito en estudiantes de la Institución Educativa Secundaria "José Antonio Encinas" de Juliaca, 2017. Se utilizó el diseño descriptivo-correlacional, de tipo no experimental, paradigma positivista y enfoque cuantitativo. La muestra ha sido intencional y no probabilística, conformada por estudiantes del quinto grado de secundaria, los que fueron evaluados con los instrumentos: el cuestionario de síndrome de Fear of missing out para medir el síndrome de Fear of missing out y un segundo cuestionario para medir el lenguaje escrito. Al término de la investigación se identificó que los estudiantes presentan síndrome de Fear of missing out, muy frecuentemente en un nivel muy alto, con una frecuencia que representa al 41.37%. Asimismo, se ha identificado que el 63% de estudiantes no respetan la normativa ortográfica, todo ello evidenciado en el nivel de uso del lenguaje escrito Chat. Los resultados indican que existe r=0,89**, de correlación entre las dos variables, el cual implica una relación positiva alta entre el síndrome de Fear of missing out y el lenguaje escrito

Abstract Background: The aim of this study is to examine psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the fear of missing out scale (FoMOs) on three different study groups. Method: We conducted the construct validity of the Turkish FoMOs with confirmatory factor analysis, measurement invariance (study I; n = 354), and concurrent validity (study II; n = 371). We also evaluated the reliability of the Turkish FoMOs (study III; n = 61) using test-retest and Cronbach alpha reliability. Results: In study I, the confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the one-dimensional structure of the Turkish version of the FoMOs was verified. The results of measurement analysis depending on the sample of study I demonstrated that configural and metric invariances were established across Facebook and other social media users. The Cronbach alpha values calculated from the samples of study I (a = .79) and study II (a = .78) indicated that internal consistency of the scale was at the acceptable level. Lastly, test-retest reliability of the scale was found as .86 from the study III. Conclusion: Overall findings indicated that the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of FoMO scale were satisfactory to measure the FoMO in a wide range of ages in the Turkish context.